MODUL 11
X. DERET MACLAURIN, BINOMIAL, TAYLOR
10.1. Deret Maclaurin
Misalkan f(x) = a + bx + cx2 + dx3 + ex4 + fx5 + ........
Masukkan x = 0, maka f(0) = a + 0 + 0 + 0 + ........... a = f(0)
Diferensialkan: f '(x) = b + c.2x + d.3x2 + e.4x3 + f.5x4 + ..........
Masukkan x = 0, maka f' (0) = b + 0 + 0 + ...........+....b = f' (0)
Diferensialkan: f ''(x) = c.2.1 + d.3.2x + e.4.3x2 + f.5.4x3 + .........
f (0)
Masukkan x = 0, maka f(0) = c.2! + 0 + 0 + ...............c =
2!
Diferensialkan: f '''(x) = d.3.2.1 + e.4.3.2.x + f.5.4.3.x 2 + .........
f (0)
Masukkan x = 0, maka f'''(0) = d.3! + 0 + 0 + ...........d =
3!
Dan seterusnya .....sehingga diperoleh
Deret Maclaurin :
f (0) 2 f (0) 3 f ( n ) ( 0) n
f(x) = f(0) + f'(0) x + x + x + .....+ x + ......
2! 3! n!
Contoh:
1. Perderetkan f(x) = ex dalam deret Maclaurin.
Jawab:
f(x) = f'(x) = f''(x) = f'''(x) = ....... = f(n)(x) = ex
Jawab:
f(0) = 0
f'(x) = cos x f'(0) = 1
f''(x) = -sin x f''(0) = 0
f'''(x) = -cos x f'''(0) = -1
f'(iv)(x) = sin x f'(iv)(0) = 0
f(v)(x) = cos x f(v)(0) = 1
..................................................
x3 x5
Maka sin x = x - + .....
3! 5!
Jawab:
f(0) = 1
f'(x) = - sin x f'(0) = 0
f''(x) = -cos x f''(0) = -1
f'''(x) = sin x f'''(0) = 0
f'(iv)(x) = cos x f'(iv)(0) = 1
f(v)(x) = - sin x f(v)(0) = 0
..................................................
x2 x4
Maka cos x = 1 - + - .....
2! 4!
Jawab:
f(0) = ln 1 = 0
f'(x) = (1+x)-1 f'(0) = 1
f''(x) = -(1+x)-2 f''(0) = -1 = 1 !
f'''(x) = 2(1+x)-3 f'''(0) = 2 = 2 !
f'(iv)(x) =-6(1+x)-4 f'(iv)(0) = - 3 = - 3!
f(v)(x) = 24(1+x)-5 f(v)(0) = 24 = 4!
..................................................
x2 x3 x4 x5
Maka ln (1 + x) = x - + - + - ...............
2 3 4 5
Rangkuman
x2 x3
1. ex =1+x+ + + ............... -∞<x<∞
2! 3!
x3 x5 x 7 x 9
2. sin x = x - + - + .......... -∞<x<∞
3! 5! 7! 9!
x2 x4 x6 x8
3. cos x = 1 - + - + .......... -∞<x<∞
2! 4! 6! 8!
x2 x3 x4
4. ln (1+x) = x - + - + ........... -1<x≤1
2 3 4
x 3 2x 5 17 x 7
5. tan x =x+ + + ...................... | x | < π/2
3 15 315
x x 3 2x 5
6. cot x = 1/x - - - + ....................... 0<|x|<π
3 45 945
x3 x5 x7
7. sinh x = x + + + ………….. ........ -∞<x<∞
3! 5! 7!
x2 x4 x6 x8
8. cosh x = 1+ + + + .................... -∞<x<∞
2! 4! 6! 8!
1
9. = 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4 + ................. - 1 < x < 1
1 x
1
10. = 1 - x + x2 - x3 + x4 - ................... - 1 < x < 1
1 x
1
11. = 1 - 2x + 3x2 - 4x3 + 5x4 - ........... - 1 < x < 1
(1 x ) 2
1
12. = 1 - 3x + 6x2 - 10x3 + 15x4 - ....... - 1 < x < 1
(1 x ) 3
1 1 1.3 2 1.3
13. 1/ 2 = 1 - x+ x - x3 + ....... -1<x<1
(1 x ) 2 2.4 2.4.6
1 3 1.3
17. arcsin x = x - x - x5 + .......... |x|<1
2.3 2.4.5
1 3 1.3
18. arccos x=π/2-arcsin x = π/2–(x - x- x5 + ..).. |x|<1
2 .3 2.4.5
x3 x5 x7
19. arctan x = x - + - ...............
3 5 7
20. e - x = ? (dengan mengganti x dengan –x pada deret e x)
x2 x3
= 1-x+ - + ............... -∞<x<∞
2! 3!
( x ln a ) 2 ( x ln a ) 3
21. a x = e xlna = 1 + x ln a + + + ..... -∞<x<∞
2! 3!
x2 x4 x5
22. e sin x = 1 + x + - - ........... -∞<x<∞
2 4 15
x2 x3 x2 x3 x4
23. ex ln(1+x) = (1 x+ + + ..)(x- + - +..)
2! 3! 2 3 4
dengan perkalian biasa akan diperoleh:
x2 x3 x4
=x+ + + + ......
2 3 4
Jawab :
Jawab :
y y=f(x)
P
K f(h)
f(a) x
h
f (0) 2 f (0) 3
Di titik P: f(h) = f(0) + f'(0) h + h + h + .....
2! 3!
5. Buktikan jabaran
cos x x2 x3 13x 4
=1–x+ - + - ........
1 x 2 2 24
6. Tunjukkan
sin 2 x x 2 cos x 1 x2
= + (sebagai pendekatan)
x4 6 360
7. Buktikanlah bahwa:
x x x2 x4
a). = 1 – + - + ....
e x 1 2 12 720
x x x2 x4
b). = - + + ....
ex 1 2 4 48