Lista III

Produto Interno, Decomposição QR, mínimos Quadrados

> with(linalg):

Exercício 1
> u:=vector([3,-2]);v:=vector([4,5]);w:=vector([-1,6]); l:=-4;
u := [ 3, -2 ]
v := [ 4, 5 ]
w := [ -1, 6 ]
l := -4
só mostrar galera......

Exercício 2
> restart:with(linalg):
> u:=vector([-1,1,0,2]);
w1:=vector([1,-2,3,0]);w2:=vector([4,0,9,2]);
u := [ -1, 1, 0, 2 ]
w1 := [ 1, -2, 3, 0 ]
w2 := [ 4, 0, 9, 2 ]
> innerprod(u,w1); innerprod(u,w2);
-3
0
não é ortogonal.

Exercício 3

a. W: t(1,2) logo ortogonal: t(-1/2,1)

b. W: x-2y-3z=0, ortogonal : t(1,-2,-3)
c. W: t(2,-5,4), ortogonal 2x-5y+4z=0
c. W: t(1,0,-1) ortogonal x-z=0

Exercício 4
> restart:with(linalg):
> A:=matrix(3,4,[1,2,-1,2,3,5,0,4,1,1,2,0]);
1 2 -1 2
 
A := 3 5 0 4
 
1 1 2 0
> el:=rowspace(A); en:=nullspace(A);
el := { [ 0, 1, -3, 2 ], [ 1, 0, 5, -2 ] }
 en := { [ -5, 3, 1, 0 ], [ 2, -2, 0, 1 ] }
> innerprod(el[1],en[1]);innerprod(el[1],en[2]);innerprod(el[2]
,en[1]);innerprod(el[2],en[2]);
0
0
0
0

Exercício 5
> restart:with(linalg):
> V1:=matrix(3,3,[1,-1,3,5,-4,-4,7,-6,2]);nullspace(V1);
1 -1 3
 
V1 := 5 -4 -4
 
7 -6 2
{ [ 16, 19, 1 ] }
> V2:=matrix(2,3,[2,0,-1,4,0,-2]);nullspace(V2);
2 0 -1
V2 :=  
4 0 -2
{ [ 0, 1, 0 ] , [ 1, 0, 2 ] }
> V3:=matrix(3,4,[1,4,5,2,2,1,3,0,-1,3,2,2]);nullspace(V3);
1 4 5 2
 
V3 :=  2 1 3 0
 
-1 3 2 2
 7  7
{  0, -3, 1, ,  1, -2, 0,  }
 2  2

Exercício 6
a. plano pela origem
b. idem
c. ambos R3

Exercício 7
a. F
b. V
c. V

Exercício 8
> restart:with(linalg):
> v1:=vector([1,-1,2,-1]);v2:=vector([-2,2,3,2]);v3:=vector([1,
2,0,-1]);v4:=vector([1,0,0,1]);
v1 := [ 1, -1, 2, -1 ]
v2 := [ -2, 2, 3, 2 ]
 v3 := [ 1, 2, 0, -1 ]
v4 := [ 1, 0, 0, 1 ]
> a:=augment(v1/norm(v1,2),v2/norm(v2,2),v3/norm(v3,2),v4/norm(
v4,2));
 7 2 21 6 2 

 7 −
2 
 21 6
 
 7 2 21 6 
− 0 
 7 21 3
a :=  

2 7 21 
 0 0 
 7 7
 
 2 
 7 2 21 6
− − 
 7 21 6 2 
> evalm(a&*transpose(a));
 1 0 0 0
 
 0 1 0 0
 
 0 0 1 0
 
 0 0 0 1
> b:=augment(v1,v2,v3,v4):u1:=vector([1,1,1,1]):evalm(inverse(b
)&*u1);
1 5 1 
 , , , 1 
 7 21 3 
> u2:=vector([sqrt(2),-3*sqrt(2),5*sqrt(2),-sqrt(2)]):evalm(inv
erse(b)&*u2);
 15 2 5 2 2 2 
 , ,− , 0
 7 21 3 
> u3:=vector([-1/3,2/3,-1/3,4/3]):evalm(inverse(b)&*u3);
 -3 11 -1 1 
 , , , 
 7 63 18 2 

Exercício 9
> restart:with(linalg):
> v1:=vector([1,2]):v2:=vector([4,5]):
GramSchmidt([v1,v2],normalized);
 5 2 5   2 9 5 9 5  
  , ,  ,− 
 5 5   15 15  
> v3:=vector([1,0]):v4:=vector([3,2]):v5:=vector([2,1]):
GramSchmidt([v3,v4,v5],normalized);
[ [ 1, 0 ] , [ 0, 1 ] ]
> v6:=vector([3,1,0]):v7:=vector([1,2,1]):v8:=vector([-1,-7,-4]
): GramSchmidt([v6,v7,v8],normalized);
   3 10 10   7 2 3 7 2 7 2  
  , , 0 ,  − , , 
  10 10   14 14 7 
> v9:=vector([1,1,0,1]):v10:=vector([1,1,1,1]):v11:=vector([2,2
,1,1]): GramSchmidt([v9,v10,v11],normalized);
 3 3 3   2 3 2 3 2 3  
  , , 0, , [ 0 , 0 , 1 , 0 ] , 
 , , 0 , − 
 3 3 3   6 6 3 
> v12:=vector([1,2,1,1]):v13:=vector([1,1,2,1]):v14:=vector([1,
1,1,2]): GramSchmidt([v12,v13,v14],normalized);
 7 2 7 7 7   13 7 5 13 7 8 13 7 13 7 
  , , , ,  ,− , , ,
 7 7 7 7   91 91 91 91 
 19 13 5 19 13 5 19 13 14 19 13  
 ,− ,− , 
 247 247 247 247 

Exercício 10
> restart:with(linalg):
> A:=matrix(3,3,[1,2,3,2,3,5,3,5,7]);QRdecomp(A,Q='qa');
evalm(qa);
1 2 3
 
A :=  2 3 5
 
3 5 7
 23 14 17 14 
 14
 7 
 14
 
 42 42 
 0 
 14 21 

 
 3 
 0 0 
 3 
 14 5 42 3 

 14 3 
 42
 
 14 2 42 3 
 
 7 −
21 3 
 
 
 3 14 42 3
 − 
 14 42 3 
> B:=matrix(4,4,[[1,1,1,1],[1,-1,1,-1],[1,1,-1,-1],[1,-1,-1,1]]
);QRdecomp(B,Q='qb'); evalm(qb);
1 1 1 1
 
1 -1 1 -1
B :=  
1 1 -1 -1
 
1 -1 -1 1
 2 0 0 0
 
0 2 0 0
 
0 0 2 0
 
0 0 0 2
 1 1 1 1 
 
 2 2 2 2 

 1 -1 1 -1 

 
 2 2 2 2 
 
 1 1 -1 -1 
 
 2 2 2 2 

 1 
 1 -1 -1
 
 2 2 2 2 

Exercício 11
> restart;with(linalg):
> A:=matrix(3,2,[1,1,-1,1,-1,2]): b:=vector([7,0,-7]):
x:=linsolve(transpose(A)&*A,transpose(A)&*b); evalm(A&*x);
 1
x :=  5, 
 2
 11 -9 
 , , -4 
2 2 
> A1:=matrix(3,2,[2,-2,1,1,3,1]): b1:=vector([2,-1,1]):
x1:=linsolve(transpose(A1)&*A1,transpose(A1)&*b1);
evalm(A1&*x1);
 3 -2 
x1 :=  , 
7 3 
 46 -5 13 
 , , 
 21 21 21 
> A2:=matrix(4,3,[1,0,-1,2,1,-2,1,1,0,1,1,-1]):
b2:=vector([6,0,9,3]):
x2:=linsolve(transpose(A2)&*A2,transpose(A2)&*b2);
evalm(A2&*x2);
x2 := [ 12, -3, 9 ]
[ 3, 3, 9, 0 ]

Exercício 12
> restart:with(linalg):
> a:=matrix(3,2,[1,1,1,2,0,1]):u:=vector([2,1,3]):x:=linsolve(t
ranspose(a)&*a,transpose(a)&*u): evalm(a&*x);
2 7 5
 , , 
3 3 3
> a1:=matrix(3,2,[-1,2,2,2,1,4]):u1:=vector([1,-6,1]):x1:=linso
 lve(transpose(a1)&*a1,transpose(a1)&*u1): evalm(a1&*x1);
[ 3, -4, -1 ]

Exercício 13
> restart:with(linalg):
> A:=matrix(2,4,[[1,1,1,0],[0,2,1,1]]); V:=nullspace(A);
1 1 1 0
A :=  
0 2 1 1
V := { [ 1, 0, -1, 1 ], [ 1, 1, -2, 0 ] }
> B:=augment(V[1],V[2]);
u:=vector([5,6,7,2]):x:=linsolve(transpose(B)&*B,transpose(B)
&*u): evalm(B&*x);
1 1
 
0 1
B :=  
-1 -2
 
1 0
[ 0, -1, 1, 1 ]
>
>