TRANSLATING PARTICIPLE

Definition
Participle is an adjective Tobe formed from the word "verb past" to carry along meaning
"di or ter" and such is having on the sentence as "passive voice or causative sentence.1
A participle is a lexical item, derived from a verb that has some of the characteristics and
functions of both verbs and adjectives. The adjectival form of the term participle is participial.2

Adverb Clause
 (V-Ing <phrase/fragment>, S+P) means ‘ketika/sementara/pada saat’ or ‘karena/sebab’
Ex: saying I love you, I was shaking = ketika mengucapkan aku cinta padamu, aku
gemetaran.
Loving her, I will do anything for her = karena mencintainya, saya akan melakukan
apapun untuknya.

 (Being <+phrase/fragment>, S+P) means ‘karena/sebab’.

Ex: Being ill, I could not meet her = karena sakit, saya tidak bisa bertemu dengannya.

 (Having + V3/been <+phrase/fragment>, S+P) means ‘setelah’.

Ex: Having studied English, I was tired = setelah belajar bahasa inggris, saya kecapekan.

 (V3 <+phrase/fragment>, S+P) means ‘karena di-/ter-‘

Ex: accepted by two beautiful girls, bedul has a hard time deciding which one to choose =
karena diterima oleh dua gadis cantik, bedul kesulitan untuk menentukan mana yang
dipilih.

Inserted Shortened Clauses

 V-Ing/V3 in the middle of a sentence and not as a predicate, means ‘yang’. ‘yang me-‘
for V-Ing and ‘yang di-/ter-‘ for V3.
1
http://aink-rudhi.blogspot.com/2009/12/participle.html

2
http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsAParticiple.htm

1
 Ex: The chicken stolen by franky, has not been paid yet = ayam yang dicuri franki belum
dibayar.
The person showing the teeth is an actor = orang yang memamerkan giginya itu adalah
seorang aktor.

Modifier of a noun phrase

 Means ‘yang (sedang) me-‘for V-Ing and ‘yang di-/ter-/ke-‘for V3.
Ex: a crying child is soothed by her neighbor = anak yang (sedang) menangis ditimang-
timang tetangganya.
The frightened father ran to his child when he heard a thunder = bapak yang ketakutan berlari
ke anaknya ketika mendengar geledek.

Object Complement
Active Participle that comes after the object of these verbs: see, hear, smell, feel, watch,
notice, listen to, look at, observe, keep, find, catch, leave, are translated like usual and may be
added by prefix ‘sedang’.
Ex: I felt, this building shaking = saya merasa gedung ini (sedang) bergoncang.