Øm]n¡s¸Sm¯ hotSm Ckvemw?

ah<md< anS< mIlv-

1941 cq]wsImï PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS XmXznImNmcy\mWv A_p AAvem auZqZn. 1903

sk]vXw_À 25\v HudwKm_mZn P\n¨ auZqZn 1979 sk]vXw_À 22\v Atacn¡bnse s_^tem
Bip]{Xnbn sh¨mWv acWs¸Sp¶Xv. Ckvemansâ ASnØm\ XXz§sf hfs¨mSn¨v \qX\
hymJym\§fneqsS cq]s¸Sp¯nb ]pXnsbmê Nn´ AhXcn¸n¨psImïmWv auZqZn ISìh¶Xv.
Ckvemansâ ASnØm\w `cWamsWìw `cWanÃmt¯S¯v Zo³ tIhew
km¦Â]nIambncnçsa¶v At±lw Xpdì {]Jym]n¨p.
"kz´w `cWanÃm¯ Zo\nsâ ØnXn `qanbn Øm]n¡s¸Sm¯ k¦Â] hoSpt]msebmWv.
`qanbn Øm]nXamsbmê ho«n am{Xta \n§Ä¡v Xmaknçhm³ km[nçIbpÅqsh¦nÂ
]ns¶ Xet¨mdn asämê hoSnsâ ¹m³ Dïmbncnç¶XpsImïv F´p {]tbmP\améÅXv?’
(JpXp_m¯v, t]Pv 381)
Ckvemansâ hnimeamb kmaqly k¦Â]§sf Npê«ns¡«n tIhew `uXnIamb Hê
A[nImc¡tkcbv¡v Nph«n Xf¨nSpIbmWv auZqZn sNbvXXv. kz´ambn sa\ªpïm¡nb
auZqZnbpsS aXcmjv{ShmZ Nn´IÄ Hê \}\]£s¯ Xo{hhmZ Nn´Ifn sImsï¯n¨p.
Ckvemansâ ASn¯dIsf DS¨phmÀ¡m\mWv auZqZn ]cn{ian¨Xv. BcmWv apkvenw F¶
tNmZy¯nëÅ At±l¯nsâ D¯cw C{]Imcambnêì.
"temI kmaqlnI LS\ amän adn¨v AÃmlphnsâ \nbahyhØ \S¸m¡m³ thïn Ckvemw
AWn\nc¯p¶ A´mcmjv{S hn¹h kwLS\ (International Revelutionary Party) bpsS t]cmWv
apkvenwIÄ F¶Xv’ (X^vloam¯v, `mKw 1, teJ\w: PnlmZp³ ^o k_oenÃmlv)
CkvemanI kaqls¯ IRP F¶ ]mÀ«n kJm¡fmbn Nn{XoIcn¨ auZqZn AhêsS ZuXyw
F´mbncn¡Wsa¶v hniZoIcn¨psImsïgpXn:
"hmkvXh¯n apkÂamsâ AkvXnXzw A\nkvemanI `cWIqS§Ä¡v shÃphnfnbmtb Xocq.
FhnsSsbÃmw A\nkvemanI `cWhyhØ \ne\nÂçìthm AhnsSsbms¡ CkvemanI
hyhØ \S¸m¡m³ AXy[zm\w sN¿pIsb¶XmWv Cuam³ kXykÔamsW¶Xnsâ sXfnhv.
C¯cw ]cn{ia§Äçap¶n Bscms¡ klnjvéXImWnçw Bscms¡ klnjvéX
ImWnçIbnà Fs¶mìw {]iv\amt¡ïXnÃ. AÃmlphnsâ `qanbn AhsâXÃm¯ `cWw
\S¯m³ HcmÄçw AhImianÃ. AXmWv Gähpw henb ^nXv\. A\nkvemanI \nba
hmgvNbmæ¶ B ^nXv\sb XpS¨p\oç¶Xv hsc apkÂamsâ hmfpIÄ Ddbn t]mhpIbnÃ’
(X^vloam¯v, `mKw 2)
Ckvemansâ {]NmcIcmbn ISìh¶ {]hmNI·msct¸mepw {]Xn¡q«n \nÀ¯n emCeml
CÃÃmlv F¶ kXy km£y¯nëw Zn\w{]Xn A©pt\c§fn \akvImc kabw Adnbn¨p
sImïp apg§p¶ _m¦nëw auZqZn \ÂInb hniZoIWw AXy´w `oIcamWv:

‘emCeml CÃÃmlp F¶ Cu hn`mh\w shdpw aX]camb HcmZÀiaÃ. aëjysâ

kzm[nImc¯n³tatem ssZthXc³amêsS hn[nIÀXrXz¯n³tatem Øm]nXamb FÃmhn[
kmaqlyhyhØIsfbpw IS]pg¡nsbdnªp ssZh\nÀZnjvShpw {]IrXn¡ëtbmPyhpamb
asämcSnØm\¯n Hê ]pXnb hyhØ sI«n¸SpçIsb¶XmWXnsâ Dt±iyw. Cì Hmtcm
]ÅnIfn \nìw Zn\w{]Xn A©pXhW emCeml CÃÃmlp F¶ ]cnip² hmIy¯nsâ i_vZw
DbÀ¯ns¡mïnê¶n«pw AXns\ bmsXmê {]XymLmXhpw {]Xy£s¸SmXncn¡mëÅ ImcWw B
i_vZw DbÀ¯p¶hÀ¡v X§Ä F´pi_vZamWv DbÀ¯p¶sXt¶m AXp tIÄç¶hÀ¡v
AXn Fs´Ãmw AÀY§fpw Dt±i§fpamWv AS§nbncnç¶sXt¶m DÅ bmsXmê t_m[hpw
CÃm¯Xp am{XamWv. Cu hnfw_c¯nsâ Dt±iyw temIw icn¡v Adnªnêìsh¦n þF\n¡v
AÃmlp AÃmsX aäp bmsXmê Bcm[yëw hn[nIÀ¯mhpw cmPmhpanÃ, BêsS \nbahpw F\n¡v
\nbaaÃ, BêsSbpw hn[n F\n¡v hn[nbÃ, bmsXmê BNmchpw F\n¡v kzoImcyaÃ, GI
AÃmlp Hgn¨p asäÃmhêsSbpw \nbaw F\n¡v ewLyamWv F¶o kwKXnIÄ emCeml
CÃÃmlp F¶ ap{ZmhmIy¯nÂIqSn {]Jym]nç¶h³ a\:]qÀÆamWv AXv
{]Jym]nç¶sX¦nÂþ Cu Zpjn¨ temIw Hcn¡epw Cu i_vZs¯ kam[m\t¯msS {ihn¡bnÃ.
\n§ft§m«v iWvTç t]mæ¶nsænepw temIw \n§fpsS i{Xphmbn ]cnWan¨Xmbpw \n§fpsS
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Npäp]mSpw kÀ¸§fpw tXfpIfpw Im«parK§fpw \ndªXmbpw
\n§Ä¡ë`hs¸Sp¶Xpambncnçw’ ({]t_m[\w amknI, ]pkvXIw 2, e¡w 1, 1950 s^{_phcn 1:
knbmko IivaIiv, hmfyw 3, ]pdw 175,176)
Xntbm sUtam{Ikn F¶ t]ê \ÂIn cq]s¸Sp¯nsbSp¯ Hê ]pXnb lmInan¿¯pÃm
kn²m´¯n\v CkvemanI {]amW§fpsS ]n´pW t\SnsbSp¡m³ auZqZn \S¯nb
kmlknIXbpsS {]IScq]amWv At±l¯nsâ cmjv{Sob hymJym\ ]cmaÀi§Ä. Xsâ
hnIeamb cmjv{Sob \ne]mSpIsf \ymboIcnçhm\mbn CkvemanI kwÚIsf
hfs¨mSnç¶Xn auZqZn bmsXmê ]nipçw ImWn¨nÃ. dºv, Zo³, C_mZ¯v, Cemlv,
lmInan¿¯v XpS§nb [mcmfw CkvemanI kwÚIÄ auZqZnb³ hnIrXnIÄ¡v CcIfmbn.
`qanbn \Sç¶ A[nImc ssIamä§Ä¡ëkcn¨v amdnadnbp¶XmWv AÃmlphnsâ `qanbnepÅ
A[nImcw Fìhsc At±lw hmZn¨p. auZqZn kmln_nsâ Nn´Isf Ad_ntemI¯v {]Ncn¸n¨
k¿nZv JpXnsâ hmNI§Ä {i²nçI:
"`qanbnse `cWm[nImcw GsX¦nepw hyànIfpsS Ic§fnembncnç¶nSt¯mfw Imew
AÃmlphnsâ B[n]Xyw ChnsS \ne\nÂçIbnÃ' (hgnbSbmf§Ä, k¿nZv JpXp_v,
hnhÀ¯\w: ssiJv apl½Zv Imcç¶v, t]Pv 89)
GsX¦nepw hyànIÄ A[nImcw hmgn¶nS¯v AÃmlphnsâ B[n]Xyw \jvSs¸Spas{X.
AXn\m AÃmlphn\v \jvSs¸« B[n]Xyw Ah\v hm§nsImSp¡emWs{X apkvenwIfpsS
_m[yX! A¯cw Hê {]hÀ¯\w tIhew {]t_m[\ {]NcW {]hÀ¯\§Ä sImïp
km[yaÃtÃm. ]ns¶ bp²w Xs¶ ]cnlmcw! k¿nZv JpXp_v FgpXpì:
"F¶m Ckvemw \ne\n¡m¯, AXnsâ \nbahyhØ hn[n \S¯m¯ {]tZi§sfÃmw
apkvenans\ kw_Ôn¨St¯mfw Zmdp lÀ_mWv. apkvenwIfpsS kwc£W¯nepw kÔnbnepw
IgnªpIqSp¶ AapkvenwIsf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfhpw A§ns\Xs¶. apkvenw AXnt\mSv kacw
sN¿Ww. Xsâ ]nXmthm, æSpw_¡mtcm, _Ôp¡tfm, [\tam, D]IcW§tfm,
asäs´ms¡Xs¶ AhnsS Dsï¦nepw icn. A§s\bmWv \_n (kz) a¡tbmSv bp²w sNbvXXv.
AXv At±l¯nsâ P³atZiambnêì. AhnsS \_nbpsS _Ôp¡fpw æSpw_¡mêap-mbnêì.
Xsâbpw Xsâ AëbmbnIfpsSbpw `h\§fpapïmbnêì; D]£n¨pt]m¶ kz¯p¡fpw.
F¶n«pw \_n (kz) çw \_n (kz) bpsS kapZmb¯nëw AXv Zmdp Ckvemambn¯oÀ¶nÃ. B
{]tZiw Ckveman\v Iogvs¸SpIbpw AhnsS ssZhnIhyhØ \nehn hcnIbpw sN¿p¶Xphsc!
CXmWv Ckvemw. CXv am{XamWnkvemw’ (hgnbSbmf§Ä, k¿nZv JpXp_v. hnhÀ¯\w: ssiJv
apl½Zv Imcç¶v, t]Pv:208)
C¯c¯nepÅ sXämb {]NmcW§fmWv F¡me¯pw apkvenw kaqls¯ {]Xn¡q«n \nÀ¯n
IsÃdnbphm³ i{Xp¡Ä¡v Iêhm¡nbXv. HìIn Zmdp Ckvemw Asæn Zmdp lÀ_v
F¶ hn`P\w IzpÀB³ \S¯nbn«nÃ. CkvemanI cmjv{St¯mSv i{XpXbpw bp²hpw
{]Jym]n¨hêsS cmjv{SamWv Zmdp lÀ_v. apkvenwIÄ¡v kwc£Ww \ÂæIbpw AhÀ¡v
aXkzmX{´yw AëhZn¨p sImSpçIbpw sN¿p¶ cmjv{S§fÃ. F¶m HìIn Zmdp Ckvemw
Asæn Zmdp lÀs_¶ aXcmjv{ShmZnIfpsS Cu Isï¯Â C´ybneS¡w D]Imcs¸«Xv
hÀKob ^mknÌv iànIÄ¡mWv. ap³ {][m\a{´nbpw _n.sP.]n. t\Xmhpamb ASÂ _nlmcn
hmPvt]bn \S¯nb Hê {]kvXmh\ IméI:
"CkvemanI ho£Ww temIs¯ cïmbn«mWv hn`Pn¨ncnç¶Xv. Zmdp lÀs_ìw ZmdpÂ
Ckvemsaìw. apkvenwIÄ \}\]£w am{Xamb Hê cmPy¯v F§s\ Pohn¡Wsaìw
hfcWsaìw CXphscbpw AhÀ ]Tn¨n«nÃ. C´ysb H¶mbn Ckvemante¡v sImïphcm³
AhÀ¡v km[yaÃ. AhÀ¡v ChnsSbmWv Pohnt¡ïXv. C¡mcy¯n AhÀ¡v IzpÀB³
bmsXmê amÀK \nÀtZihpw \Âæ¶nÃ. Im^ndpIsf sImÃpItbm aX]cnhÀ¯\w \S¯pItbm
sN¿p¶Xns\çdnNmWv IzpÀB³ {]Xn]mZnç¶Xv. F¶m CXv FÃm Øe¯pw FÃm Ime¯pw
{]tbmKn¡m\mhnsöv AhÀ a\Ênem¡Ww. X§Ä \}\]£amsW¶ hkvXpX ad¶v AhÀ
s]êamdnbm Xpd¶ Gäpap«ente¡mæw Imcy§Ä \o§pI. CXn sImÃs¸Sp¶hÀ \}\]£
hn`mK§fn s]Sp¶hÀ am{Xambncnçw. kzbw Xnê¯m¯hsc amänsbSpçhm³ R§Ä¡v
km[yaÃ" (am[yaw 21.01.1998)
C¯cw Hê Btcm]W¯nÂ\n¶v hnip² IzpÀB³ apàamsW¶XmWv hmkvXhw. IzpÀB³
]dbpì: "aX Imcy¯n \n§tfmSv bp²w sN¿mXncnçIbpw \n§fpsS hoSpIfn \n¶v \n§sf
]pd¯m¡mXncnçIbpw sN¿p¶hsc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw \n§fhÀ¡v \³a sN¿p¶Xpw
\n§fhtcmSv \oXnImWnç¶Xpw AÃmlp \n§tfmSv \ntcm[nç¶nÃ. XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlp
\oXn]menç¶hsc CjvSs¸Spì’ (60:8)

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CkvemanI kaql¯n aXcmjv{ShmZ¯nsâ hn¯n«hÀ sa\sªSp¯ ZpÀhymJym\§fmWv
C¯cw Hê kmlNcy¯n\v hgnsXfn¨Xv. AtXmsSm¸w apkvenw kaql¯n \n¶v Hê
\}\]£s¯ Xo{hhmZ Nn´bnte¡v Xncn¨phnSmëw C¯cw ZpÀhymJym\§Ä D]Icn¨p.
A_p AAvem auZqZn BhnjvIcnçIbpw k¿nZv JpXp_v ]n´m§pIbpw sNbvX Cu
aXcmjv{ShmZw Ct´mt\jy apXÂ AÄPocnb hscbpÅ clky Xo{hkwLS\IÄ Bthiambn
GsäSp¯p. Adnbs¸Sp¶ tImfanÌmb ^lvan lpsshZn Xsâ "A IzpÀBë hÊp¯m³'
F¶ {KÙ¯nsâ 138þmas¯ t]Pn C¡mcyw tcJs¸Sp¯pìïv. Iem]§sfmgnbm¯
Imivaocnsâ a®n t]mepw PamAs¯ Ckveman AhkchmZ cmjv{Sob¯nsâ Iem]s¡mSn
DbÀ¯nsbì am{Xaà A`nam\t¯msS AXv tcJs¸Sp¯nshçIbpw sNbvXp. {]t_m[\¯nsâ
A¼Xmw hmÀjnI ]Xn¸n ImivaoÀ PamAs¯ Ckvemansb ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶Xv IméI:
"Xmgvhcbn Xo{hhmZn {]hÀ¯\w iàns¸«Xnë tijw PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS kzm[o\w
hÀ²n¨n«pÅXmbn ]dbs¸Spì. Xmgvhcbnse iàamb Xo{hhmZo {Kq¸pIfnsem¶mb lnkv_pÂ
apPmlnZo³ PamAs¯ Ckveman AëIqe {Kq¸mWv. CXnë ]pdsa "AÃm ssStKgvkv' F¶ Hê
kwL¯nëw PamA¯v cq]w \ÂInbn«pïv. P\§fn CkvemanI ssNX\yw hfÀ¯pIbpw
\ne\nÀ¯pIbpamWv Cu kwL¯nsâ apJyamb {]hÀ¯\saì ]dbs¸Spì.
hnhn[ Xo{hhmZn {Kq¸pIsf GtIm]n¸nç¶Xnepw PamA¯nsâ ]¦v {][m\amWv. cmjv{Sob
taJebn ]Xnaqì kwLS\IÄ tNÀ¶ XlvcosI lpÀcnbs¯ ImivaoÀ (ImivaoÀ kzmX{´y
{]Øm\w) F¶ t]cn Hê ap¶Wn¡v cq]w sImSp¯n«pïv. Cu {Kq¸nse Gähpw henb
kwLS\ PamA¯mWv. Acmjv{Sob\mb AUz¡äv anbm³ A_vZp J¿qamWv ap¶WnbpsS
A²y£³. sk{I«dnbm apl½Zv Ajvd^v klvdmbn ImivaoÀ PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsSbpw
sk{I«dn P\demWv. ssk\nI taJebn hnhn[ kmbp[ {Kq¸pIÄ tNÀ¶v cq]w \ÂInb
ap¯lnZ PnlmZv Iu¬knensâ sNbÀam³ Aen apl½Zv Umdpw PamAs¯ CkvemanbpsS
t\Xm¡fnsemcmfs{X’ ({]t_m[\w A¼Xmw hmÀjnI ]Xn¸v, t]Pv 145)
aXcmjv{ShmZw PohnXmZÀiam¡nbhÀ Bcmbmepw F´nsâ t]cnembmepw Ahkm\w AhÀ
`oIcXbpsS hnf\ne§Ä Hêt¡ïn h¶n«pïv. aëjycàw hfam¡nbpw ]nt©ma\IfpsS
hnem]w kwKoXam¡nbpw hn[hIfpsS I®p\oêsImïv \oÀNmepIÄ krjvSn¨pw AhÀ Irjn
XpSêIbmWv. AXn\m AdnbpI. aXcmjv{ShmZw am\hæes¯ Iem]ImcnIfm¡m³ am{Xsa
D]Icn¨n«pÅp. GsXmê kaqlw AXv GsäSp¯mepw AXhsc AÔcm¡mXncn¡nÃ.

Ckvemw hnfn¡p¶p
Ckvemw F¶m kaÀ¸Ww F¶ÀYw. knÂav F¶m im´n, kam[m\w. \maw sImïpXs¶
Ckvemw hyXncnàamæì. Hê hyàn Øm]n¨ aXaà AXv. AXpsImïv Xs¶ aXØm]Isâ
t]êamtbm tZihpamtbm _ÔanÃ. AXv Hê PohnXZÀi\amWv. kÀhtemI {kjvSmhnëÅ
k¼pÀW kaÀ¸Ww. \nch[n aX§fpsS ]«nIbn H¶mbn ImtWïXnÃ. AXv Cu
{]]©¯nsâ aXamWv. c£nXmhnsâ \nba§Ä¡v hnt[bamWv {]]©¯nse kIeXpw. Ah
apkvenwIfmWv. A{]Imcw am\hnI aqey§Ä ]mençIhgn sFlnIhpw ]mc{XnIhpamb
kam[m\w km[ns¨Spçhm\mWv Ckvemw Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv. AÃmlp ]dbpì: ‘thZ¡mtc,
thZ{KÙ¯n \n¶v \n§Ä ad¨v sh¨psImïncn¶ ]eXpw \n§Ä¡v shfns¸Sp¯n XìsImïv
\½psS ZqX³ (CXm) \n§fpsS ASp¯v h¶ncnçì. ]eXpw At±lw am¸mçIbpw sN¿pì.
\n§Ä¡nXm AÃmlphn \n¶v Hê {]Imihpw hyàamb Hê {KÙhpw h¶ncnçì. AÃmlp
Xsâ s]mê¯w tXSnbhsc AXv aptJ\ kam[m\¯nsâ hgnIfnte¡v \bnçì. Xsâ D¯chv
aptJ\ Ahsc AÔImc§fn \n¶v Ah³ {]Imi¯nte¡v sImïphcnIbpw, t\cmb
]mXbnte¡v Ahsc \bnçIbpw sN¿pì’ (3:15,16)
tZiob, hwiob, hÀWshdnIsf hens¨dnªv am\hnIXsb Hê s]m¡nÄsImSnbn _Ôn¸n¨
Ckvemw ssZh kmao]y¯neqsS BZcWobcmIm³ Blzm\w sNbvXp:

‘tl aëjysc! XoÀ¨bmbpw \n§sf HcmWn \nìw Hê s]®n \nìambn krjvSn¨ncnçì.

\n§ft\ym\yw AdntbïXn\v \n§sf \mw hnhn[ kapZmb§fpw tKm{X§fpw BçIbpw
sNbvXncnçì. XoÀ¨bmbpw AÃmlphnsâ ASp¯v \n§fn Gähpw BZcWob³ \n§fnÂ
Gähpw [À½\njvT ]menç¶h\mæì’ (49:13)

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hnizmk sshIrX§fn AIs¸«pt]mb Xsâ ktlmZcë t\sc sImehnfn \S¯p¶Xnë ]Icw
kZp]tZi§fneqsS kXykcWn hyàam¡n sImSp¡m\mWv Ckvemw Bhiys¸Sp¶Xv. AÃmlp
]dbpì.
"bpànZo£tbmSpIqSnbpw kZp]tZiw aptJ\bpw \nsâ c£nXmhnsâ amÀK¯nte¡v \o
£Wn¨psImÅpI. Gähpw \ÃcoXnbn Ahêambn kwhmZw \S¯pIbpw sN¿pI. XoÀ¨bmbpw
\nsâ c£nXmhv Xsâ amÀKw hn«v ]ng¨pt]mbhsc¸än \¶mbn Adnbp¶h\s{X’ (\lvÂ:125)
aXcmjv{ShmZw aëjy¡im¸n\v hgnXpd¶t¸mÄ Ckvemw am\h\v hne IÂ]n¨p. Bsc¦nepw
A\ymbambn Hê aëjys\ h[n¨m Ah³ am\hæes¯ apgph³ sIm¶hs\t¸mebmsWìw
(5:32) Hê P\XtbmSpÅ AaÀjw AhtcmSv A\oXn sN¿m³ \n§sf t{]cn¸n¡mXncn¡s«sbìw
(5:8) X\nt¡m Xsâ amXm]nXm¡Ät¡m _ÔpP\§Ät¡m FXncmbm t]mepw \oXnçthïn
\nesImÅWsaìw (4:135) Ckvemw \nÀtZinçì. sImìw sImehnfn¨pw Ieln¨pw
Im]menIcmbn IgnªpIqSp¶ aëjykaqls¯ kam[m\¯nsâ km´z\ Xoct¯¡v Ckvemw
hnfnçì.
"(\_ntb) ]dbpI: \n§Ä hcq! \n§fpsS c£nXmhv \n§fpsS ta \njn²am¡nbXv \n§Ä¡v
Rm³ ]dªptIĸn¡mw. Aht\mSv bmsXm¶ns\bpw \n§Ä ]ètNÀ¡êXv. amXm]nXm¡Ä¡v
\· sN¿Ww. Zmcn{Zyw ImcWambn \n§fpsS a¡sf \n§Ä sImìIfbêXv. \mamWv \n§Äçw
AhÀçw Blmcw \Âæ¶Xv. {]Xy£hpw ]tcm£hpamb \oNhr¯nIsf \n§Ä
kao]n¨pt]mIêXv. AÃmlp \n§Ä¡v ]cn]mh\am¡nb Pohs\ A\ymbambn \n§Ä
l\n¨pIfbêXv. \n§Ä Nn´n¨p a\Ênem¡m³ thïn Ah³ (AÃmlp) \n§Ä¡v \ÂInb
D]tZivamWXv’ (6:151)

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