Target Information

• Range (distance from RADAR)

• Radial Velocity
• Angular Direction
• Size (Radar Cross-section), and
• Shape (signature - image processing)
Radar System Components

arP=t l2 G2
P
• Transmitter Subsystem
• Receiver Subsystem
• Antenna Subsystem
1/4
3 Ra
4 Pt=l2 G2
• Target (Radar Cross-Section)

(4p) Rmax
(4p)3 Smin
• Radio Path (the transmission medium)

Transmitter Subsystem Parameters

• RF Output Power
• c× Δt
Frequency Stability R=
• Spurious Emission 2
• Conversion Efficiency (DC to RF)
• Modulation Technique
Receiver Subsystem Parameters
• Frequency Selectivity
• Receive Threshold (Sensitivity)
• RF Bandwidth
• Noise Figure
• Local Oscillator Stability
Antenna Subsystem Parameters
• Directivity (narrow beamwidth)
• Gain (over isotropic)
• Radiation Pattern
• Front to Back Ratio
• Half Power Beam width (HPBW)
• Polarisation
• Impedance
• Azimuth & Elevation Angles
Sources of Noise and Interference
• Receiver internal thermal noise,
• Energy received from galactic sources,
• Neighbouring Radar Systems,
• Neighbouring Communication Systems,
• Radar Jammers, and
• Clutter (energy reflection from surrounding objects like buildings, hills,
etc).
Factors Affecting Radar Range
• Transmitter Power
• Pulse Length (duration)
• Antenna Gain
• Antenna Beam width
• Antenna Pattern
• Elevation Angle
• Target Cross Section
• Receiver Threshold
• Receiver Noise Figure

Noise Factor, f = (S/N) i / (S/N) o

Noise Figure, F = 10 log ( f )