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METHOD

APPROACH
DESIGN
PROCEDURE
PRINCIPLE
TECHNIQUE
Method: Theory is put into
practice and it tells what skills
and content to be taught and
order of contents. It comprises
three levels: approach, design
and procedure.
Richards and Rodgers (1985: 16)
Approach:Theories about
the nature of language
learning that serve as the
source of practices and
principles in language
teaching.
Design: “...[it] specifies the
relationship of theories of
language and learning to both
the form and function of
instructional materials and
activities in instructional
settings.”
Procedure: “...[it]
comprises the classroom
techniques and practices
that are consequences of
particular approaches and
designs.”
APPROACHES
• GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION
APROACH
• ORAL APPROACH
• STRUCTURAL APPROACH
• AUDIO-LINGUAL APPROACH
• COGNITIVE APPROACH
• COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH
• NATURAL APPROACH
• HUMANISTIC APPROACH
METHODS
1. TRADITIONAL METHOD (GRAMMAR-TRANSLATION
METHOD).
2. DIRECT METHOD.
3. AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD.
4. COMMUNICATIVE METHOD.
7. TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE.
8. SUGGESTOPEDIA.
9. TASK-BASED LEARNING.
10. CONTENT-BASED LEARNING.
11. MULTIMEDIA/CALL METHODS.
12. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES METHODS.
13. OTHER METHODS.

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