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  • HEI Standards For Steam Jet Vacuum Systems 5th

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    Ch Fai
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    STAAfDARDS for STEAM JET 'VACU1rJMSSYSTE.MS FIFTH EDITiON Reproduction of this.standard.without.writtan permission of the Heat-Exchange Institute is.strictly forbidden.

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    HEI Standards for Steam Jet Vacuum Systems 5th

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    STAAfDARDS for STEAM JET 'VACU1rJMSSYSTE.MS FIFTH EDITiON Reproduction of this.standard.without.writtan permission of the Heat-Exchange Institute is.strictly forbidden.

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    9K tayangan132 halaman

    HEI Standards For Steam Jet Vacuum Systems 5th

    Diunggah oleh

    Ch Fai
    STAAfDARDS for STEAM JET 'VACU1rJMSSYSTE.MS FIFTH EDITiON Reproduction of this.standard.without.writtan permission of the Heat-Exchange Institute is.strictly forbidden.

    Hak Cipta:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    STANDARDS cM STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS Tie EL ONE EAT EXCHANGE ENSTIPUTE, INC. STANDARDS for STEAM JeT VACUUM SYSTEMS FIFTH EDITION Copyright October, 2000 by ent Exchange Institute, Inc. 1800 Sumner Avenge Cleveland, Ohio 44118-2861 58 Equivalent Loading ..,... ete : S84 Air... Ronit 63.2 Steam Reeves a : pee 5.9.8 Mixtures of Air and Steam, 7 584 Mixtures of Gases Not Including Steam, 85, Mixturen of Gaves Inching Steam «. ‘Test Loads... 541 Number of Test Points » 542 Dry AirTestn. 5421 Criticet Flow ‘ ae 5.42.2 Subsritical Flow Serene aaa 5.49 Steam ‘Tests ......, aes settee BAM Air and Steam Mixture Tests Soe GO i Mempetatare eee cy ace eee 55.2 General Precautions : . 5.5.2 Suction Temperature 55 5Q Pressure Measurement... 0... see 7 5.6.1 Gensral B62 Barometric Pressure 563 Suction Pressure : 5.6.4 Plectronic Eastramentation : 66.5 Discharge Pressuco Determination... 2s... Bae a 8.6.68. Motive Steam Prensute ....cccesceccsecceneeee : PI 88 6% Steam Supply so... Sate es eae Bik Stoam Pressure Measurement. a 5.12 Steam Temperature Measurement 000.0... 7.8 Steam Consumption. ...cee.oas aa 6.8 Water Supply s.ccceus oan paeateposiae 5.8.1 Water Tempecature Measurements... s. 582 Water Consumption ..... 7 5&9 Test Arrangements... ve 589.4 Introduction pecryerG ; Caeser 592 Rectory Testy coco ee oe ee 593 Meta Tests .. stay i 594. Bigetors and lnterconden 5.10. Test Birocedtures «6. 5.10.1 Leas, : 5.10.2 ‘Test Conditions... : ieee 5.208 Unit Text of Mol Siaze Gonensing Bictor Systems ae 5.204 Individual Ejector Stages... ot 8.108. Non-condensing Rjector Steges ty 5.10.6 Individual Condensers ee 5.20.7 ‘Test Results and Presentation 6.0 VACUUM ENGINEERING DATA ,, Reveaiedieree ee ease = 68 6.1 Ai Leakage in Vacuum Systems : are 68 G1t Drop Tet . eet erie 2 B @LZ AivMeters so... so ee at ae mae G13 Other Tests... Rae ie iment tale 69, ELS Commercially Tight Systems voces» ee 6s GIB Selecting Bjector Capacity ee 68, G2 Aivand Water Vapor Mixtures... ae wees 8 G3 Pressure Drop in Vacuum Systems -... peer 8 63.2 Turbulent Flow of Air or Steam . eects a B G32 Sweamline Flow oP Ain 5... +5 : 6 6.2.8 Equivalent Length of Pipe 7 19 63.4 Hydraulig Loss... : cenenet eens 8 ‘10, TROUBLESHOOTING STAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS. B PEeRBRB BBR BERR RR RPRR RRR Ree eee eee eee APPENDICES APPENDIXA. Bolting Data Table 7 Reeee tenis E08 APPENDIX B. Mechanical Characteriaties of Stee! Tubing . vent . ss 88 APPENDIX C, Mechanical Characteristics of Tubing wee . wees . 90 APPENDIX D. Metric Conversion Factors: . . o4 APPENDIX E. Pressure Temperature Ratings for Flanges » . ’ vas 8 APPENDIX F. Equivalents of Pressure. 2.20.20. 05005. 0055 wate seensaaceees HB APPENDIX G, Altitude-Pressure Table ....... sae vaeaeay u9 APPENDIX H. Absolute Pressure and Volume Relations for Dry Alt os ee iisal APPENDIX I. Properties of Saturated Water Vapor . . . . . as AR APPENDIX J. User Specification Form 5-04... .+5 Popes alee APPENDIX K. Test Results Form. 6.0.55 Peirce tiie APPENDIXL low of Water Through Schedule 40 Steel Pipe. ss... Svcee es creee ABD FIGURES 1. Typical Steam Jot Hjeetor Stage Assembly ........c6s ces cescveeserseteetenes i 2) Designations for Ejector Assemblies ............sossecsuecet oes ae 3 3-10. Common Types of Kjector Units... i te 4 ‘1. Welding Nomenclature ase fete see . 18 12, ¥nd Connection ‘Tolorances for jectors 2 48, Nomenclature... ossscscsseeeeecsteeee & 133 14. Tolerances for Interfacing... : . 2 15. Temperature Entertainment Ratio Curve : 29 16. Molecular Weight Entertainment Ratio Curve seeee . 3h ‘7. Entertainment Ratio Curves for AirSteam Mistures 00000... cco. oe 32 18. Plot of Test Results .... See eatie ae neat teas . BB 19, Nozzle Geometry : 35 20. Nozzle Coefficient aeead oe # 36 21, Absolute Viseasity of Ait... 02. oases oeierca decree uar 22,23. Nozzle Cupacities for Critical Flow of Air ah : 38 24,25, Subcrtical Flow ~ Dry Air al 70° F - Unity Nozzle Gaetient is a 26, Nozzle Coefficient - Dry Air ab 70°... : 143 27, Temperature Correction for Sub-Critical Flow of Air «sss. ss 4 28-21. Steam Flow Curves Based on 100 Per Cent Coefficient. 2... .-+ 145 32, Absolute Viscosity of Steam . 49 33, ‘Temperature Corrections for Barometer & Vacuum Column Readings 52 34, Arrangement of Flow Nozzle for Suberitieal Air Flow Tests + nla 38 35. Arrangement of Flow Nozzles for Critical Air Flow Tests aise 56 36. Arrangement of Flow Nozzle for Steam and Air Mixture Tests ....... 01.6.1 .055 57 37, Alternate Loading Arrangement for Field Testing ....:1..» : ss BB 38. Arrangement for Test of a Single Stage Erector or aan Individual Stage of a Multi-Stage Bjector « Pee ieee 68, 39, Arrangement for Test of a Multi-Stage Nori-Condensing Bjector vines ae: 60 40. Diagram of Test Arrangement for a Multi-Stage Condensing Ejector System 61 41, Diagram of Test Arrangement for a Precondenser or Intoteondonser ...<1..4404 62 42, System Volume-Cubic Feet Maximum Aif Leakage Vans for Conimercially ‘Tight Syetems este ves 70 43-46, Air and Water Vapor Mixture Data (Dalton’s Law) ae in 47, Bvaluation Curves for Friction Losses of Ait & Steam Flowing bln in Commercial Pipe at Low Pressures... : n 48. Friction Factor for Streamline Flow of Ait at Absolute Prescutes from 150 Microns Mercury to 1 Millimeter Mercury ..1...+.. arin veneers TB 49, Gauge Correction Factor for Friction Loss DI tpesrapseees 86 50. ‘Temperature Correction for Friction Loss in Tubes «. ver seeeeesececers Ob 51. Waterbox and Tube End Losses Single Pass Condensers tenes sere BB 52, Waterbox and lube End Losses Two Pasa Condeneers «....:1ccccescccscseiecseeesesers® 8B 53. Waterbox and ‘lube End Losses Three Pass Condensers pease Ete ceteeeneres Bb '4. Waterbox and Tube End Losses Four Pass Condensers, te 1 88 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. 22 Operating Prineipies 2.8.4. The operating prineipie of a steam jet ejector stage is that the pressure enerigy in the miotive steam 1s coriverted into velocity energy im the nozzle, and, this high velocity jet of steam entraifis the vapor or gas being pimped. The resulting mixturé, at the Fesulting velocity. enters the diffuser whore this Yelbeity energy is coriverted {0 piresstire Sitergy 0 thet the pressure of thé mixtare at the ejector dis- Gharge is substantially higher than the pressure ‘ie stiotion chainber. 428 An ejector stage has operating limitetions 4 the caimpréssion attainable. and will opbrate eff ciently only up to a limited ratio of compression. The ratio of compression is the absolute disctiarge pres- Sure divided by the absolute suction pressure. FoF géater ratios of compression thai can be Attained in a single ejector stage; two or more stages ‘ean bé arranged to operate in series. This assembly Coistitutes a multisstage ejector: 2.28 An ejector stage is inhe¥ently a constarit capacity device. The capacily is a function of the physical proportions of the diffuser. ‘To obtain variation in capacity, two or mote ejec: tors, either single or multi-stage, can be arranged 10 ‘operate in parallel; each series constituting an ele- ent of a multiple element ejector. This arrangement permits the operation of the umber of elemetits needed for the Fequired capacity, as éach element is eapable of cofmpletely compressing a portion of the total capacity 2.3 Description of Types 23.1 ‘Terminology ‘vical steam jet ejector system consists of one, ‘of iiore, steam jot ejector stage dssofibliés with dsso- éiated condensers arranged i6 condense vapors dis- chirgéd from the previous stage assemblies. In fioeondehsing system desighs, cohidehséts are not used: For specific iomeficlatute of steam jet ejector assemblies refer to Pardgraph 2.1. ‘The first staie of a multi-staue ejector is the stage into whith the vapor or gas being édmpressed first centers, te Seckind stage that which it enters sécohd, tthe thifd stage that which it enters third, ete Figure 2 shows the industry wide system devel- oped to establish a standard technology for ejector systems, Bach ejector stage and condenser has a dis- tinct letter or letters which is a function of its posi- tion in the system. Buch stage has a single letter designation, Fhe last stage his the letter Z assigned to it, The remaining: stages aro assigned letters in reverse order, ie, the stage directly precoding a Z stage would be a ¥ stage. This method is continued for all remain-ing stages in the system. Intercon- densers are assigned the two Tetters of the stages immediately preceding and following the condenser, ie, for a con-deriser between & ¥ and Z singe, the letier designation vould be YZ, An aftercondenser is, assighéd a lettet combination 28: A precondenser is ‘assigned a first letter of P followed by the letter dese ignation of the stage folloiving it. For example, if a precondenser is used chead of a two stage system, the designation would be PY. 2.3.2 System Types Some of the various types of efector systems commonly used are illustrated in Figures 3 to 10 inclusive. 2.8.21 Single Stage, Single Element Kjectors These consist of one basic assembly (Figure 3) is designed to operate at a suction pressure below atmospheric pressure and to discharge at atmospheric pressure or higher. 2.3.22 Single Stage, Multiple Element Ejectors These consist of two or more basi assemblies, ‘each designed to operate at a suction pressure below atmospheric pressure and to discharge at atmo- spheric pressure or higher. In these combinations, ‘each basic assembly is termed an element: The com= plete unit is termed a single stage; twin element ejec- tor, (Figure 4); single stage, triple element, ejector; ele; depeniding on the number of elomients provided. 23.2.3 Multi-Stage, Single Element Kjectors ‘These consist of two or more basic assemblies arranged in series, (Figures 6, 6, 8 9, and 10). The first and any intermediate assembly of the series is, designed to operate at suction and discharge pre: ssufes substantially below atmospheric pressure, The final asseinbly of the series is designed to discharge Ai atinospheric pressure or higher STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS Each stage hos @ distinc! letter which is fees function of its position in the system. U Stage v Ww V Stage W Stage 1st Intercondenser XY Condenser Procoss ee Procondenser PY Condenser 2nd Intercondenser YZ Condenser Y Stage Z Stoge 1st Intercondenser YZ Condenser After. Condenser ZA Condenser Discharge Z Stoge After: Condenser ZA Condenser Discharge Figure2 DESIGNATIONS FOR EJECTOR ASSEMBLIES STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. 2.4 Definitions of Terms Definitions of the terms used in this Standard are given in the following paragraphs: Discharge Pressure. Discharge pressure is the absolute static pressure prevailing st the discharge Of the ejector expressed in pounds per square inch, inches or millimeters of mercury. Breaking Pressure. Brouking pressure is that pres sure of either the motive steam or the discharge, which causes the ejector to become unstable, Recovery Pressure. Recovery pressure (Pick-Up Pressure) is that pressure of either the motive steam or the discharge, at which the ejector recovers to a condition of stable operation. Absolute Temperature. Absolute temperature is the temperature above absolute zero. It is equal to the degrees Fahrenheit plus 460. The unit is degree Renkin, Suction ‘Temperature. Suction temperature is the temperature of the gas at the suction of the ejector, The unit is degrees Fahrenheit. Stable Operation. Stable operation is the opera- tion of the ejector without violent fluctuation of the suetion pressure, Design Load, Design load is the specified mass flow ‘rate of components to be handled by the ejector. The unit is pounds per hour. Test load is the mass flow rate of air xr vapor to meter into the ejector for test the unit is pounds per hour. purposes. Capacity. Capacity is the weight rate of flow of the gas that can be handled by the ejector. The unit is pounds per hour. Design Point. The required combination of design absolute suction pressure and equivalent air or equiv- alent steam flow in pounds per hour. Dry Air. Atmospheric air at normal room tempera- ture is considered dry air. The very small weight of water vapor in it is considered insignificant and is ignored. For example, the weight of water vapor in atmospheric air at 50 pereont relative humidity and 60°F temperature is less than 0.0055 Ib per Ib of air. Equivalent Air. Equivalent air is a calculated ‘weight rate of air that is equivalent ta the weight rate of gas handied by the ejector at the suction con- ditions. The unit is pounds per hour. Equivalent Steam, Equivalent steam is a ealeulated rate of stonm that is equivalent to the weight rate of gas handled by the ejector at the suction conditions. ‘The unit is pounds per hour. ‘Molecular Weight. Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in molecule. ‘Mole. Mole is # mass numerically equal to the molee- ular weight, Hiole Fraction. Mole fraction of a component in a homogeneous mixture is defined as the number of ‘moles of that component divided by the sum of the number of moles of all components, ‘Total Steam Consumption. Total steam consump- tion is the total weight rate of Now passing through the nozzles of all ejector stages at specified condi- tions of steam pressure and temperature, The unit is pounds per hour. ‘Total Water Consumption. Total water consump- tion is the total rate of flow passing through the ejector condensers at specified inlet temperature. ‘The unit is gallons per minute. Critical Flow. Critical Now is the flow through a nozzle when the downstream absolute pressure is, below critical pressure, ie., the downstream absolute pressure must be less than approximately 50 percent, of the upstream absolute pressure, Subcritieal Flow. Subcritical flow is the flow through a nozzle when the downstream absolute pressure is above critical pressure, i.., there is a rel- atively low pressure drop across the nozzle. Design Steam Pressure. The pressure to be sup- Plied to the ejector at the steam chest connection, STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS 2.5 Notation 2.5.1 Symbols ‘The following symbols are used in this Standard: P Pe Nozzle coefficient Specific heat of air ut constant pressure (0.24 approximately) Specific heat of steam at constant pressure corresponding, to downstream absolute (0.45 approximately) Inside diameter of pipe, feet Diameter of nozzle throat Inlet diameter, inches Discharze diameter, inches Inside diameter pipe, inches Pressure drop, inches of water per 100 feet of pipe Friction factor, dimensionless Acceleration due to gravity, fect per second Ratio of specific heats Length of Leakage rate, pourds per hour Je, feet Molecular weight of noncondensable kas Molecular weight of vapor Internat dosiga pressure, psi Partiat pressure of noncondensable gas. inches of mercury absolute Partial pressure of water vapor, inches of moreury absolute Upstream static pressure, pounds per square inch absolute Downstream statie pressure, pounds per square inch absolute Initial pressure in system, inches of mercury absolute Final pressure in system, inches of mercury nbsolute Reynolds number Allowable stress, psi ‘Time, minutes Upstream temperature, “R ‘Temperature, F Ambient air temperature, °F ‘Thickness, inches ‘Temperature of mixture at ejector suction, *F ‘Temperature of steam on downstream side of nozzle, °F Volume, cubie feet Upstream specifie volume, cubic fot per pound Average velocity, feet per second Air low rate, pounds per hour ‘Steam fiow rate, pounds per hour Weight of air in system ot initial pressure, pounds: Weight of air in syste at final pressure, pounds Flow rate, pounds per hour Flow rate of noncondensable gas, pounds per hour Flow rate of vapor of saturation, pounds per hour Ratio of nozzle diameter to pipe diameter Absolute viscosity of air, pounds por foot-second Average density, pounds per cubie foot STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. 4.0 CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS 4.1 General Information 4.1.1 Purpose This section defines general rules for the design, anufacture and pressure testiny of ejector com- ponents, including stage assemblies, and surface condensers used in ejector service. These guidelines are presented to provide stan- dards for construction and are not to be used as the sole basis for design. The specific design of compo- nents is the responsibility of the manufacturer in complying with the customer's specification. In those instances whore complete details and pro- cedures are not specified, the manufacturer shall utilize design and construction procedures which have been domeastruted as being adequate for the serviee intended and conform to accepted engineer- ing practice, 10 ‘The condensers covered by the Standard may also be required to conform to the ASME Boiler and Pres- sure Vessel Ci.de; Section VILE, Division 1 (hereafter referred to as the Coda), Where reference is made to the Code and other codes or standards. the applicable document shall be that cxisting at the time of publication of this HEL Standard (Fifth Edition, Standards for Steam Jet, Vacuum Systems) 4.1.2 Materials of Construction ‘Tables 1 and 2 list typical materials of construction, For allowable stress values, refer to the Code except where noted by double asterisk, The table does not cover all possible materials of construction. Other materials which are equally suitable may be used, When conditions dictate, non-metallic materials, such as geaphite and ceramic alumina, may be used ‘as agreed upon between purchaser and manufacturer, STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS TABLE 1 ‘TYPICAL MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION ‘Component Form! Material Specification’? | Grade/UNS No! Diffuser, Plate’ Carbon Steel ASTM A36 ‘Steam Chest, ASTM A283 Suction Chamber ASTM A285 ASTM A515 ASTM A516 Stainless Steel ‘ASTM A240 '$80400, $80403 881600, $31603 Bar Carbon Steel ‘ASTM A36 ASTM A675, Stainless Steel *=ASTM A276" 1380400, $30403, ASTM A216 $31600, $31603, 882100, $34700 Castings Carbon Steal **ASTM ADT ASTM A216 Alloy & Stainless Steel ASTM A217 Stainless Steel **ASTM A743 S*ASTM A744 Stainless & Duplex Stainless Steel ASTM A351 Cast Iron =ASTM AAS ASTM A278 ASTM A395, Cast Bronze ‘ASTM B62 ASTM B584 Pipe Refer to piping section Fasteners Bolts Steel ‘ASTM A193. ASTM A325 Nuts ‘Steel ‘ASTM A194 ASTM A563 Nozzle & Nozzle Bar ‘Stainless Steel "ASTM A276 $3040, $31600, Extension ASTM A479 $3210, $34700 "ASTM A562 530300, $41600 ‘Nickel-Copper ‘ASTM Bi64 04405 Plate ASTM A240 '$30400, $31600 Pipe Refer to piping section u STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. TABLE 1 TYPICAL MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION (continued) 12 Component Form! Material! Specifcation'® | Grade/UNS Not Shell & Waterboxes | Plate Carbon Steel ‘ASTM A36 ‘ASTM A283 ‘ASTM A285, ASTM A515, ASTM A516 Stainless Steel ‘ASTM A240 | $30400, 830408, '$31600, $31603, $31608 (duplex) 70/80 Copper Nickel | __ASTMBI71__| 71500 90/10 Copper Nickel | _ADTMBi71___| 70600 Pipe Refer to piping section Bar Carbon Steel ‘ASTM ASG ‘ASTM AGS, ‘Stainless Steel “ASTM A276 | $3040, $30403, ASTM A479 | ‘$31600, $31603, '$31803'(duplox) Structural Carbon Steel ‘ASTM ASG Shapes Pipe (Structural Carbon Steel ASTM AS3 Applications) ASTM A106, ‘Stainless Stool ‘ASTMASI2, | $3040, S30403, '$31600, $31603 ASTMA790__ | 531803 (duplew) Forgings Carbon Steel ‘ASTM A266, Castings Cast Tron “ASTM Aas ASTM A278, Piping & Pipe Flanges, | Pipe Steel ‘ASTM ASS Fittings, ete ASTM A106, ‘ASTM A335, For use with Ejector Stainless Steal ‘ASTM A312 Components, Steam ASTM A376 & Vapor Piping and & Vapor Piping ar ASTMA790__ | $81803 (dupleo Connections Forged, Carbon Steel ‘ASTM A105, Flanges, ASTM A181 Fittings, ete. ("alloy Steel ‘ASTM A182, ‘K11572, K21590 Stainless Stoel ASTMAI82 | $30400,$30403, '$31600, $31603, '$32100, 834700, 831808 (duplex) Wrought Carbon & Alloy Steel| ASTM A234 Fanses Stainless Steel ASTM A403 | $30400, $30403, Fittings, ete ‘$3160, $31603 ASTMABIS | $31803 (duplex) Plate Carbon Steel ASTM A285, Stainless Steel ASTMA240 | S31603, '$31803 (duplex) STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS TABLE 1 TYPICAL MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION (continued) (Component Form! Material" Specification’? | Grade/UNS No* ‘Tube Sheets Plate ‘Munte Metal ASTM B171. ©3650 ‘Aluminum Bronze ASTM BI71 ‘61400 ‘Naval Brass ASTM B171 C4640 70/30 Copper Nickel | ASTM-BI71 671500 ‘90/10 Copper Nickel | ASTM B 171 (670600 Silicon Bronze ‘ASTM B96 (665500 (Copper Silicon Alloy) ‘Titanium ‘ASTM B265 Stainless Steel ‘ASTM A240 ‘30400, $30403, '$31600, $31603, '$31803 (duplex) Carbon Steel ‘ASTM A283, ‘ASTM A285 ASTM A515, ASTM A516 ‘Tubes Reference Table 2 NOTES: 2, Selection of materials is the responsibility of Purchaser. The Manufacturer assumes no responsibilty for deterioration of ‘any part or parts of the equipment due to erosion or corrosion, or any other causes. Service conditions such as pressure, temperature, steam velocity, moisture, ete, should be eonsidered for appliestion of particular material and grade, 2, Allowable stress values should be taken from SectionVIUI, Division 1 of the ASME Pressure Vessel Code, except where noted for non-ASME Code material © AxS ** Allowable stress values used should canform to accepted engineering practice. 3, Plate and welded fittings are not recommended for use in high pressure and/or high temperature applications such as the steam chest or stoam piping systems. + If used for this application, the rolling direction of plate should be parallel to the pressure boundary (e.g. Flat covers, stamped pipe caps, ete). 4, Shall not be used for steam chest. Plate may be used for steam chest covers. 18 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. MATERIALS FOR CONDENSER TUBES® TABLE 2 Physical Propertics ‘See Notes Helow cae pes ae Theres aoe ae Matar ieee peace | ctor | eee | enn Bete | saertan | aneeeatead BEY, | eGeaieey | Pageienints, i ai ai pamity | __ Bees cas | ceatter | uzzioe | recor wns oats00 BI a pamiraty | Bae ose | deer | nese | sox uns Cateco Bin 7} Aaminity | Baad oss | castéwr | zero | soon und C00 Bn an, ar csr | ssitéwr | razie | recone CorpER ns cut700 aitors Bi on aD Alun. Brome] Baad ee soxtoe | arse ns CHt600 Bult tb Copper Wicket] BL os | afer santos | moze aso" | uns Stiso0 aI on, Copper Nickel] Basa ee esx10s | ss0x10¢ Bera | ung otoan0 em rT} on) Arsenic Bas G3 | under | ooeie | roca Sopp’ | ung C200 Cowper | BSS a on, Toe | _unseibao | oStr | ssolndowr | soxioe | snare A248 Staite au cas | szmme | oasxioe | ans nao aint ie nS 8400 a8 Stainless ae cr | zrmror | oaszioe | 299 x0 Sit iss a ni st600 SPAIILESS (See anes ca ah oo co Sia” | undies | $8 | sesactow | ssivtoe | ann Saintes are 5) GD 5) es) a eee Saintes anes Ge a2) co) co) Slot” | undSeiras | S28 | sender | sSaibe | Seon Saker 78 D GD i ‘a Stal” |_uvssevesoo | 8x | osS¥or | sditow | anfbvioe Bets ‘TITANIUM ‘Titanium Grades 1&2 0.163 12,5 at 70°F 49% 105 14.9 x 108 CARBON | Carbon Star] ANTS (a ad) Stare aia S| arostor | csueioe | aoe “ STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS TABLE 2 MATERIALS FOR CONDENSER TUBES® (continued) NOTES: (a) The origin of the above typicel physical properties is the A.S.MLE. Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Section II, Part D, 1992 except where otherwise indicated. 1. Copper Development Asseciation-Standards Handbook Part Two Alloy Data, 1985. 2. Allegheny Ludlum Communication to HEI (J. Franson to L. Culling) May 12, 1994 23, Structural Alleys Handbook Mechanical Prop. Data Center, 1976. 4. Allegheny Ludlum Technical Data Blue Sheet, B-139-B45-5M689-L1, 1989. 6. Allegheny Ludlum Technical Data Blue Sheet, B-155/B43/SM/S90/GF, 1990. 6, Allegheny Ludlum Technical Data Blue Sheet, B-151/E43/SMS590/GF, 1990, 17. Trent Tube Alloy and Application Data, Trent Sea - Cure Stainless Steel Tubing, 1989 (b) Selections of material is the responsibility of the Purchaser: The Manufacturer assumes no responsibility for deteriora- ton of any part or parts of the equipment due to erosion ar corrosion or any other eauses. (©) Copper Base Alloys 68-572°F, Stainless and Titanium 70-S50°F, Carbon Steel-Mean 150°. 4.18 Welding 4.13.1 For applicable joint efficiencies to be used with formulas in the Standard, refer to Table UW-12 in the Code. 4.1.8.2 For fillet welds, the stress shall not ‘exceed 0.55 times allowable (S,) stress of base mate- rial based upon minimum leg length (0.55 S, = 0.8 S. x Sine of 45°F). 4.1.8.3 For designs not specifically covered in this section, all welds should be of sufficient size and configuration to transfer the loads in the adjoining plates at an allowable stress level that is no greater than that of the base material 4.1.3.4 ‘Types of Welds and Joints 1 Pressure boundary welds may be either full penetration or properly designed fillet welds, For one sided full penetration welds, a backing strip, consumable insert or gas backing shall be used. Where fillet welds are utilized, the weld configuration ‘must be such as to be adequate to support whatever loads are present at the joint, For structural joints other than pressure bound- ary, the minimum leg distance for fillet welds shall be 5/16" or the thickness of the thinner member of the joint, whichever is less, Non-pressure boundary and non-structural welds shall be designed in accordance with good engineer. ing practice. 4.1.3.4.2 All butt-type field welds used for assembly of the pressure boundary will be full pene~ tration welds. When the weld is made without a backing, it must be welded from both sides unless otherwise specified, 16 4.1.3.5 Inspection Standard for Welds ‘This section establishes minimum standards for visual inspection of ejector components. The visual acceptance criterion were developed using recognized codes and standards such as ASME codes, ANSI standards, AWWA, and AWS as a guide. More strin- gent requirements may he specified by the purchaser and would be governing. ‘Non-destructive examination, where not required by the Code, is not performed except by special arrangement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. ‘The welding shall be performed using welders and written weld procedures which have been quali- fied in a manner comparable to that defined in See- tion IX of the ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code. Welds shall be examined in the “as welded” con- dition preceded only by normal cleaning. 4.1.3.5.1 Weld Inspection Methods and Equipment Personnel performing weld inspections shall be visually qualified in accordance with Society of Nondestructive Testing (SNT) requirements, Inspection shall be performed with the naked eye or corrective lenses as required to obtain the visu- al acuity required by SNT. Magnifying glasses, micro- Scopes and other optical devices shall not be used, Any required measurements of welds shall be made using instruments such as scales, rules, calipers, gauges (height and depth), fillet gauges, and dial-type equipment. Micromeasuring or vernier-type equipment is not required. Accuracy of measurement equipment shall be to 1/64". All measuring equipment shall be maintained and calibrated in accordance with the manufacturer's approved quality control manuals and procedures, STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. 4.1.8.5.2 Weld Categories ‘The following categories are established con- sidering the service requirements of specific types of welds. These criteria apply to shop welds and to field ‘welds in the apparatus except for pipe welds made to connection stubs. Category I includes pressure boundary welds. Category II includes structural welds, Category III includes all other welds. 4.1.8.5.8 Acceptance Levels Acceptance levels for various types of welds in each. of Categories I, II III are tabulated in Table 3. Refer to Figure 11 for nomenclature. 4.1.4 Interface Configurations 4.1.4.1 Flanges (Note: Refers only to bolting geometry of interface between customer's piping and manufacturer's connection.) 4.1.4.1.1 ANSI B-16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings (Including rating for class 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500). 4.1.4.1.2 ANSIB-16. Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flange Fittings Class 25, 125, 250, and 500, 4.1.4.1.8 Other mutually agreed upon flange design. 4.142 Weld Ends ‘Tp suit required installation, 4.1.4.8 Threaded Connections In accordance with ANSI Standard B-2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dry Seal). 16 4.15 Quality Assurance ‘The manufacturer shall have en organized and operational Quality Assurance Program. This pro- gram shall be outlined in a Quality Assurance Man- ‘ual which chall bo available to the purchaser and his representatives upon request. The system shall pro- vide for control of quality in both the manufactur- er's plant and that of any subcontractor fabricating ejector components. Quality Assurance for work per- formed in the field by other than the manufacturer shall be the responsibilty of the purchaser and/or his agent. The Quality Assurance Program shall provide for ‘compliance with, but not limited to, the manufactur- er’s and the Heat Exchange Institute Standards, which shall provide as @ minimum: (2) Base material control (eg, plate, weld wire, ete.) (2) Controlled distribution of materials. (8) Control of purchasing requirements. (4) Written weld procedures which have been qualified in a manner comparable to that defined in Section IX of the ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Code. (5) Qualification of welders and control of welder assignments to assure that the personnel doing welding are qualified. (6) Audit system for control of procedures. (7) Detail drawings that contain definition of size and applicable weld procedures, STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS TABLE 3 WELD ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA* “AGOEPTANCE CRITERIA sussect | nerenence careconyt | caTmconrm | CATEGORY mt asi For T< 3" x $ 3/16" uaa seta | ae nlattaum Burson cane ieUp ‘See Notes 4 and 5. ‘See Notes 4 and 5. ee eee rile: Weld Se s Sua 5-0 For ite for ast Mnimusn steeh1 Renae seo in Seco Fillet Weld Size s Smax = S + Tor S + 3/8" (Whichever is greater) Masimeas seth stn Conanyanatint | eee | esme iat was Geli ocean leeaat fe tet Ema sha: | amor eeured | ectooseca | Bato tend caida Sagi | Seay) ee Wola c re o Convexity ‘Sketch 1 gS Se Meee ost ne @ < 3/32" Depth for a 1 Ly Length of Weld Overlap a None Allowed O not to exceed 6” in any 60° length of Sketch 2 weld. The fusion line must be visible. Butt Weld Fit-Up_ T M =F or 8" Sblgnment sens cu anu witheve rete 3192, ain ot wad foebute Wels M 3 tw 1, Width of weld | to M, both sides Not Required Se sinens | osttan Ss | een Butt Weld Root G Grin = a8 qualified Oona sen ‘The wa geome rh Soo pari compete Backing (Strip, etel joint penetration where required. ae cate Inset) See Notes 7 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. TABLE 3 WELD ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA* ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA SUBJECT REFERENCE CATEGORY I category | CATEGORY mT Gain = as qualified Butt Weld Root Oversize gaps shall be welded with a Opening Without 7 None Allowed | technique which wil elose the gap without esa Sketch 5 excessive bridgine of the open root. e The weld geometry should be such as to permit [completa int penetration where required. B=T-f batt wat 8 aor ee Sis suetena sestites Cee cede) Bat Wal Capa Foss Encaing " Mga = Equal to With of Weld Geametry Wosntaal ved | gM, | Wne2up¥ lanes atthe eer ofthe ombas bing joined Fortapring and Ne Capt nay cost oui bese Boule When EUR «Ro a ut. ola : Tie orer, Hoane Mex Becereematent eet E To tete,' Rovenen Both Sides _ T>2, R= 5/16" Max. here the thinner ofthe enor ing ined u scontnuoua | 82" undercut sperm for fal enth A eczad Sketch 2 ee eens weld; up to 1/16” for 25 Lw. Ti son cb omer sal ed Vise Poesy com ct sal st Novistie [Bn tng erin cD nary ong Dated a ie apt: [wall Me moximan singe pre dancer Gr satel srreterel allowed. is 1/8". Linear porosity must be separated by or Greater) a minimum of one pore diameter. Visible Cracks None Allowed Incomplete ison Sone Allowed sons 1 Highly localized concavity or weld reinforcement ‘tobe considered unacceptable under these entris. 2, Weld ripples transverse to the direction of electrode travel are permitted providing thatthe crest-1ntrough height is not grester than, 3/22" and providing that tho weld throat dimension is within acceptable renge. Valleys between auccessive weld beads shall not ‘exceed U8 providing that minimum weld size is maintained 3. On weldmants made by more than one welder and when combinations of stringer and weave techniques are used, tho quality ofthe ‘weld shall be judged by the visual acceptance criteria defined. 4 Iffivup rot gap of fillet welds in any cutegory excoods 1/16", tho fillet weld size shall be locally increased (inthe area where fi-up is beyond this criteria) by an amount equal tothe size of the separation 65, Fitps end weld sizes not within thoes erteria shall be resolved by the manufacturer and/or as provided 18 ich as caused by weld restarts or where welds join or eross another weld are nat the contract documents STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS WELDING NOMENCLATURE S_—Min. Specified Weld Leg S) — Weld Leg Size Sy — Weld Leg Size x —Weld Gap (Excluding Local gouges) TT — Material Thickness of the Thinnest Member © —Convexity (0 —Concavity Seen Ly — Length of Weld Described by the Weld Symbol ® —Overlap U —Underent i M — Misalignment B —Size of Butt Weld R —Reinforeement Ly — Length of Weld Described by the Weld Symbol W —Width of Cap Pass G —Root Gap ‘Sketch 5 Figure 11 9 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. 4.1.6 Preparation for Shipment 4.1.6.1 Cleaning Exterior Surfaces ‘Unmachined surfaces are to be cleaned with a suitable solvent to remove oil and dirt. Where required, weld splatter may be removed by wire brushing, grinding or other suitable means. 4.1.6.2 Painting Exterior Surfaces (a) Carbon Stee! ~ One coat of manufacturer's standard primer, unless other coatings are required by the Specifications, (b) Other Materials — Painting will not be required for corrosion resistant materials, unless required in the Specifications. 4.1.6.3 Protection of Machined Flanged Surfaces (a) Apply protective coating. (b) Openings to be closed with suitable covers or tape. 4.1.6.4 Protection of Weld End Connections Ends are to be covered with suitable waterproof paper and/or tape sealed. 4.1.6.5 Internal Surfaces No painting of internal surfaces shall be permit- ted. An acceptable protective coating may be applied to internal surfaces where specified by the purchaser. 4.1.7 Pressure Relief Devices Pressure relief devices are necessary on ejector sys- tems where the potential exists for the pressure to ‘exceed the design pressure of any of the system com- ponents. 4, 1 External Jackets Ejectors may have external jackets used for heat= ing and cooling of the ejector and the gases passing through the ejector. A relief device should be used to protect from the possibility of pressurizing the jacket beyond the design value. 4.1.7.2 Protection of Atmospheric and ‘Subatmospheric Spaces Ejectors shall be protected against excessive pressure in the normally atmospheric and subatmo- spherie spaces. 4.1.7.2.1 Ejector Units Isolating Valves, out Interstage These units are to be provided with relief devices set to relieve at 15 PSIG, or higher, (depend- ing on the system design pressure), if the internal pressure can exceed the above value under any ser- vvice condition. To provide for venting from the after- condenser, a vent of adequate size must be provided at the air outlet connection. When an air meter and/or a valve is installed in the discharge line, an 20 adequate relief device must be provided at the point of highest expected pressure. 4.1.7.2.2 Ejector Units With Interstage Isolating Valves A. Unit types with isolating valves at the suc- tion and discharge of both primary and secondary elements are to be provided with relief devices on all elements set to reliove at 15 PSIG, or higher, (depending on unit design), and sized for maximum steam flow under the following conditions: 1, Operating motive steam pressure at ejector nozzle 25% above design , and 2. Steam nozzle throat area 10% in excess of design. B. Unit types which do not include isolating valves at discharge of secondary atages, are to be provided with relief devices on primary elements only and a vent of adequate size must be provided at the air outlet connection similar to that described in Paragraph 4.1.7.2.1 C. If the system includes a motive steam line pressure reducing unit, a relief device should be installed between the pressure reducing station and the ejector inlet header selected to relieve at 25% above the ejector design steam pressure and sized for maximum steam flow through the pressure redue- ing station. To permit reasonable sizing of a relief device, full size by-pass lines should not be used with the pressure reducing station, 4.1.7.2 Inter/After Condenser Protection When the shell side design pressure is less than the tube side design pressure, a relief device may be needed to protect the shell from overpres- sure in the case of a tube failure. A connection on the shell should be provided for this relief device. 4.1.7.2.4 Systems with Coolant Inlet and Outlet Valves The coolant side of the condensers should be protected against overpressure when the coolant inlet and outlet valves are closed. A connec- tion for installation of a relief valve should be pro- vided between the coolant inlet and outlet valves. 4.2 Ejector System Components 4.2.1 Scope This section includes materials, structural design, interface configurations, manufacturing and hydro- static testing of steam jet ejector stage assemblies. This section may also be applied to ejectors using motive fluids other than steam. 4.2.2 Structural Design of Ejector Components 4.2.2.1 General Considerations The design criteria for ejector components is a fonction of several variables. The minimum thick- nesses required are not only stress dependent, they are also dependent upon minimum thickness required for fabrication, welding and/or casting. For applications where explosive mixtures are pre- sent, the components may be designed for higher pressures. For those applications, the design stress and pressure shall be mutually agreed upon 4.2.2.2 External Loading - Forces and Moments In most cases, the ejector is an integral part of a system (e.g., ejectors combined with condensing units). Therefore, it is not possible to design the ejec- tor for specifie external loads without reviewing the total system. In general, external loads, due to thermal move- mont and mechanical loading, shall be minimized by the purchaser. It should be understood by the pur- chaser that the ejectors are not intended to serve as anchor points for the system. For example, external forces and moments which cause misalignment of ejector nozzles and diffusers can have a detrimental effect on ejector performance. In cases where this is rot possible, the forces and moments at the ejector interfaces shall be specified by the purchaser, reviewed and mutually resolved. 4.2.2.8 Thickness of Suction Chambers and Diffusers Suction chambers and diffusers consist of eonical and eylindrical sections either alone or in combina- tion. The following formulae are used to determine the thickness required for internal pressure (a) Conical Section: PD 2 Cos a (SE - 0.6) Fora 30° (b) Cylindrieal Section: t= PR or tke PR ‘SE-06P 2SE+04P Whichever is greater Where: tk = Required thickness exclusive of corrosion ‘allowance (in.) P= Internal design pressure (psi) D =Maximum inside diameter of cone, mes. sured perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of cone (in.) a STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS S = Allowable stress (psi). Refer to Code E = Weld joint efficiency, For allowable joint efficiency refer to Code R__ = Inside radius of cylinder (in.), before corro- sion allowance is added a =Half the included (apex) angle of conical element (degrees) 4.2.2.4 Design Considerations 4.2.2.4.1 The suction chamber and diffuser pressure shall be 15 PSIG (internal) and full vacuum unless otherwise specified 4.2.2.4. The thickness of the suction cham- ber and diffuser should be reviewed for external pres- sure using the Code. 4,2.2.4.3 Flat plates and flanges (other than interfaces) shall be designed utilizing design and con- struction procedures which have been demonstrated ‘as being adequate for the service intended and con- form to accepted engineering practices. 4.2.2.4.4 The use of cast iron and other mate- rials may require special design consideration; for example, the wall thickness of a casting may be dic- tated by foundry practice rather than structural design, However, in no case shall the thickness be less than that required by stress analysis. 4,2,2.4.8 As an alternate to the analytical methods previously described, the design of ejector ‘components can be confirmed by pressure test. and/or ‘successful operation of duplicate designs. 4.2.2.4.6 Bjectors should have protective devices in the system, if a pressure higher than the design pressure is possible. These protective devices shall be supplied by the customer unless otherwise specified. Refer to Section 4.1.7. LENGTH TOLERANCE 20FT 1.601846 x 10° gi? sp Wont? 1.601846 x 107 kg tbm/gal 1.198264 x 102 kgm? sp Tbmvgal 1.198264 x 10 kg ENTHALPY (ENERGY/MASS) MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN Bewlbm 2.326000 x 108 kg sp Bewbm 2.326000 kuhkg Beulbm 5.555556 x 10° keabkg HEAT CAPACITY AND ENTROPY (ENERGY/MASS-TEMPERATURE) MULTIPLY BY ‘TO OBTAIN Bew(lbm-°F) 4.186800 x 10 kg“) isp Btwilbm-°F) 4.186800 kAkg +) Bewilbm °F) 1.000000 kcal/kg -°C) ‘THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY (ENERGY-LENGTH/TIME-AREA-TEMPERATURE) MULTIPLY BY ‘TO OBTAIN Btu infthe ft? °F) 1.442279 x 104 Wim K) ‘sb Buu: inv(he- °F) 1.240137 x 10 ‘kcal - mv(h- m?+K) Btu fefthr 2 °F) 1.780785 Wim: K) «sb Btu: fer ft? °F) 1.488164 ‘kcal - mith m?+ K) DYNAMIC VISCOSITY (MASS/TIME-LENGTH OR FORCE-TIME/AREA) MULTIPLY BY ‘TO OBTAIN ey 1,000000 x 10 Pass «sb Thavihr- f) 4.139789 x 104 Pass (sD IbmM(hr ft) 4.133789 x 10% ° Thml(sec ft) 1.488164 Pars ‘sb Tbml(sec: ft} 1.488164 x 10° @ bf seo? 4.788026 x 10! Pas (sb If seo? 4.788026 x 104 ” HEAT FLUX DENSITY (ENERGY/TIME-AREA) MULTIPLY BY ‘TO OBTAIN Btufthr -°f2) 3.154591 Wnt sp Btu(hr-°R?) 2.712460 ‘kealh + m?) HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT (ENERGY/TIME-AREA-TEMPERATURE) MULTIPLY BY ‘TO OBTAIN Brw/thr ft? °P) 5.678263 Witm2-K) (sp Beuf(hr-ft2-°F) 4.882428 kealth + m?-K) FOULING RESISTANCE (TIME-AREA-TEMPERATURE/ENERGY) ‘MULTIPLY BY ‘TO OBTAIN he-ft?-°F/Btu 1.761102 X 10" im? KAW (sb hr-f-°F/Btu 2.048161 x 104 hem?- Kkeal +See Appendix F for additional equivalents. 97 APPENDIX E STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 1A_LIST OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS Pressure ‘Applleable ASTM Specifications" Material Nominal Teenperature Group Designation Rating Table Forgings castings Plates, w csi za | Atos anec.wea — | astsGr.70 C-Mn-Si ‘4.380 Gr. LF2 ‘A516 Gr. 70, A537 C1 G-Mn-Si-V A380 Gr. LF6 Cl. 12 C-Mn-$i 242 ‘A716 Ge. WCC. A352 Gr. Loe. A980 Gr. LFS C2 A382 Gr. Loz A203 Gr. B Assoce irs | A3s26r. U3 4203 Gr E 13 2 ‘A982 Gr. LB ‘A818 Gr 65 A816 Gr 65 A203 Gr. A A203 Gr. 4 2d A815 Gr. 60 A380 Gr. LFI CL A516 Gr. 60 1s zis | aezar. Fr A207 Gr. wer A 204Gr. A A382 Ge LCi A204 Gr Ww c-%4Mo 27 A208 Gr. C AG "4Mo. A182 Gr. F2 NicACr— ato A217 Gr. Woe Sani A217 Gre WC: 1 1Cr-%4Mto 219 | avwzer.Fizch2 Wace 4Mo A217 Gr. Wee SAGr—4Mo-Si A182 Gr. FIL? A387 Gr 112 sto | 24Cr-1Mo 2aro | a 192Gr. F22 01.3 | A217 Ge WOO A387 Gr. 221.2 us | scr-4Mo ats | A 18260. 65 A182 Gr. F5e A217 Gr. 68. are | scr-1Mo 21a | a tezar. Fo A217 Gr. C12 1s | 9c-1Mo-v 2s | A162 Gr. 91 A27G.cA | A387 G91 C12 2a 18Cr-8Ni 221 | Arszcr.rsoa | 0351 Ge. CFS ‘A200 Gr. 308 ‘A182 Gr. Fa00H | 4.351 Gr. FB A240 Gr. 308H 222 [arezarrae | aasicrcrom — | azar. a16 A182 Gr. Fateh | A351Gr.CraM — | A240 Gr. 3161 ‘A240 Gr. 317 A381 Gr. COM 223 | a 182 Gr. Fa0a ‘A240 Gr. 3044, ‘A182 Gr. F316. A240 Gr. 316 2a 18Cr=10Ni=T1 224 | a rerGr. 321 ‘A 240 Gr, 321 ‘A182 Gr. F321 A240 Gr. 3214 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 98 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 1A LIST OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONT) Pressure ‘Applicable ASTM Specifications! Marsal Nominal ‘Temperature Grou Designation Rating Table Frain Castings Pat 25 18Cr=10Ni-Cb 228 | Aww2Grr7 | assiGrcrec | A240 Gr. 207 ‘A182 Gr. FSA7H ‘A240 Gr. 347H A 182 Gr. F343, ‘A240 Gr. 348 A182 Gr. Fgh A240 Gr. 3484 26 25¢r-12Ni 226 A351 Gr. CHE (A.381 Gr. CH2D 23Cr=12Ni A 240 Gr. 3008, ‘A240 Gr. 3004 27 28¢r-20Ni 227 | AverGr.Fai0 | aasiGr.cKzo | a 240 Gr. 3108 A240 Gr. 3108 28 228 | arezcr.Fes | A351.Gr, CKIMCUN | A240 Gr. S3t254 ‘A182 Gr. F51 ‘A240 Gr. S31803, ‘A182 Gr. 53 ‘A240 Gr. 532750, 24Cr=10Ni—~aMo-V 4.351 Gr. CEBMN 25Cr-SNi=2Mo~3Cu ‘A351 Gr. CDSMCu 25Cr-7Ni-35Mo-W-Co A%51Gr, caMwcuN 28Cr~7Nin3SMo-N-Cu-W A182 Gr. 55 A200 Gr. $32760 34 ‘36Nin38Fe~206r-Cd 231 | 8 462 Ge. Nosozo 8 463 Gr. NaBO20 32 99.0Ni 232 | 8 160 Gr. No2200 8 162 Gr. NO2200 33 99.0Ni-Lowc 223 | 8 160Gr. nozz01 {8 162 Gr. NO2201 34 67Ni-30Cu 234 | 9564 Gr. No«soo 18 127 Gr. NOAa00 67Ni-30Cu-S 2B 164 Gr. NOAAOS, 35 T2Ni-18Cr. 235 | 8 566 Gr. No6e00 5 168 Gr. NOS6OO 36 38NindzFe-21Cr 236 | 8 564 Gr. nosa00 409 Gr. No#a00 37 65Nin28Mo~2Fe 237 | 6338 Gr. nr0865 8.333 Gr. N10665 38 54Ni-16Mo-15Cr 2a9 | 8 s64.Gr. Ni0275 8 575 Gr. N10276 6ONi-22Cr-9No~3.5¢b 8 864 Gr. NOB525 B 443 Gr. No6s25 52Ni-28Mo-5Fe B.335 Gr. N10001 353 Gr. N10001 TONi-16Mo-7Cr-5Fe 1B 573 Gr. N10003 8 434 Gr. N10003 8 574 Gr. NOBABS 18875 Gr. NosAss, 42Ni-21.SCr-2Mo-23Cu 8 424 Gr. NoBS25 39 47NiW22C1-9Mo-18Fe 239 8 435 Gr. No6oa2 3.10__ | 2shi-aere-21¢r-5Mo 23:10 8 599 Gr. NO6700 3.11 | sare-26Ni-21¢r-Mo 231 18.625 Gr. NoB904 an 312 (Table 1A continues on next page: Notes follow at end of Table) Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS, TABLE 1A_LIST OF MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS (CONT'D) Pressure ‘Applicable ASTM Speciications* (Materia! Nominal ‘Temperature Group Designation Rating Table Forging Castings Plates 313 -25¢r~18F¢-6Mo 243 ‘581 Gr. NO6O75 1 $82 Gr. NOSS7S }-Cr-Mo-Low Cu 8 564 Gr. NOBO3T B 625 Gr. NO8031 3an4__| a7ni-zacr-19Fe-Mo zara __ | 8 581 Gr. No6007 8 52 Gr. NOSOO7 315 | a3ni-azre-2icr 2318 | 8 564 Gr. Noss10 8 409 Gr. NO8810 3.16 | a5ni-tocr—1%Si 23.16 _ | 6511 Gr. noss30 8 836 Gr. NOBI30 3.17__| 29ni-z0sce-ascu-25Mo | 23:17 ‘A381 Gr. CNM GENERAL NOTES: (2) For temperature limitations, see Notes in Table 2. (b) Plate materials are listed only for use as blind fan “Table 1A are intended for {e) Material Groups not listed NOTE: (1) ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I mat fications, may also be used. I, which also meet the requirements of the listed ASTM speci- Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 100 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 18 LIST OF BOLTING SPECIFICATIONS Applicable ASTM Specifications™® Baiting Materials (Note (1H) High Strength Intermediate Strength Low Sirenath ‘Nila and Special Alloy [Note (2 Note (3 {ote (a Note (6, Spec. Spec. Spee. Spec. No. __Grade__Notes_| No, Grade Notes | _ No. No. Grade Notwe ae aie as ae B68 ‘ar am Bie Ais Be ai Ais ox aM se, oxaxe azo ou aa | AM mM Ate am Ga iy | asa ec Ate 835 Noses am oe tm | am gecaz tm | Atm ame Ge te | ats seme | Ate aan overs am oust | Aim ogeraz oi | ANS em Ase ee Am ssc2 oon | ager ere am pacaz i os mom Amo scz oan | ase aie ‘Aa sawciz an | a3 aeociiee aim saz on | Az ae it oet Ame ano ae Aas 9 Aas 6st 00, Ass 860 oa GENERAL NOTE: Boing material shal not be used beyond temperature limits specifi in the governing code. notes: {) Repair welding of bolting materi is prohibited. {) These bohing materials may be used with al listed materials and gaskets {@) These bolting materiais may be used with all listed matorials and gaskots, provided it has been varied that a sealed joint ‘can be maintained under rated working pressure and tempereture, (4) These Botting materiais may be used wth al ited matarals but are fimited to Classes 160 and 200 joints, See pe {or quired gasket practices. (5) These materials may be used as boing with comparable nickel ane epecial alloy pars. (6) This austenitic stsniess material has been carbide solution veated but not sirein hardened. Use A 164 nuts of corresponding atari (7) Nuts may be machined from the same matarial or may be of a compatible grade of ASTM A 184. (@) Maximum operating temperature Is arial set at SOO'F, unless material hat been annesled, solution annesied, or hot finished because hard temper advercely affects design stass inthe creep rupture range. {9} Forging quality not permitted untess the producer last heating or working these pars tests them as required for other permitiad ‘conditions in the same specication end certifies their final tensile, yiald, and elongation properties to equal oF exceed the {aquirements for one of the other permuted conditions {20) This farcic material is intended for low tamparature sorvice, Use A 194 Grado 4 or Grade 7 ruts. (11) This austenitic stainless material has been carbide soluton weated and stain hardoned. Use A 198 nuts of corresponding material (12) This carbon steet fastener shall not be used above 400°F oF below ~20°F. See also Note (4). Bots with died or undersized hhaads shall not be used. (13), Accoptable nuts for use with quenched and tempered bolts are A 194 Grades 2 and 2H, Machanical propery requirements {or studs shall be the same as those for bolts. (14) This special alloy is imtonded for high temperature service with austenitic stainless ste (15) ASME Boller and Pressure Vessel Code, Section I materials, which also meet the requirements ofthe sted ASTM specifications, ‘may aiso be used. 541 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 101 APPENDIX E (cont'd) STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS, PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 1C FLANGE BOLTING DIMENSIONAL RECOMMENDATIONS Product ‘Stud bok ‘ott smatir than % in. Bats ecu tor larger then ‘Nuts smaller than % in. Nyse equal 10 or larger than Yin. Mole threads Female threads "ASME B18.2.1 ‘ASME 818.2, square or ‘heavy hex head ASME hand 2.1, square oF hex ‘ASME 818.2.2, heavy hex ‘ASME 818.22, hex or heavy ‘hex ‘ASME 81.1, Cl 28 course ‘series ASME 81.1, Cl 28 course ‘series ‘ASME 6182.1 ASME B18.2.1, heowy hex. hood ASME B18.2.1, heavy hex. ond ‘ASME 818.22, heavy hex. ‘ASME B18.22, heavy hex. ASME 81.1, Cl. 24 course ‘series up through 1 ‘ight thread series for larger bohs ASME 81.1, C1. 28 course ‘series up through 1 in ‘ight thread series for largor bot Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 102 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) IPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLES 2 PRESSURE~TEMPERATURE RATINGS FOR GROUPS 1.1 THROUGH 3.17 MATERIALS TABLE 2-1.1__ RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.1 MATERIALS Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Plates c-Si A105 (1) A216 Gr. wee (1) | As15Gr. 7010 comn-si | A.380.Gr. LERCH A516 Gr. 70 (112) ASI C110) NOTES: (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800°F, the carbide phase of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissibte, but not recommended for prolonged use above 800°F (2) Not to be used over 850°F, (8) Not to be used over 700"F, (4) Not to be used over S00, WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Cass Temp. F 900 1500 2500 20 t0 100 m0 3705, e170 200 2028 375 S625 +300 1970 3280 5870 ‘200 1900 3170 5280 500 1795, 2985 4390 600 1840 735 4560 650 1610 2885, ars 700 1600 2665, ao 750 1510 2520 4200 ‘300 1235 2060 3490 850 05 1340 2230 900 515 860 1430 950 300 515 860 +1000 185, 260 30 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved, 103 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 2-1.2_ RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.2 MATERIALS: ‘Nominal Designation coMn-Si A216 Gr. WoC (1) (A382 Gr. LCC) G-Mn-si-v | A350. LFBCL 2 (9) 28 340 NoTEE (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 800*F, the carbide phase of steel may be ‘converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended fer prolonged use above 800°F. (2) Not to be used over 650°F. {3} Not to be used over SOO'F, ‘A382 Gr. LC2 A203 Gr. 8 (1) A3826r.13 A203 Gr. (1) WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Claas Temp. *F 10 300 400 500 200 1500 2800 20 t0 100 230 750 1000 1500 2250 3750 6250 200 260 750 1000 1500 2250 3780 6250 300 220 720 970 ass 2188, 3640 6070 ‘400 200 708 940 1410 28 3530 5880 500 170 66s 865 1330 1998 3325 5840 00 10 60s 805 1210 1815 3025 5040 650 15 590 75 175 1785, 2340 4205, 700 M0 570 755 135 1705 2810 730 780 98 508 510 1010 1510 2520 200 800 80 410 550 825 1235 2080 3430 850 6 20 355 535 905 1340 2230 00 50 70 230 345 515 ‘360 1430 ‘950 8 105 a0 205 310 518 860 1000 20 EW 0 105, 155 260 0 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 104 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. Forgings Castings Plates A382Gr.Lc8 (| ASIS Gr.65 (1) cMn-Si A516 Gr. 65 (112) 24 A203". A(1) SAN A 203Gr. D0) NOTES: (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above SOO, the carbide phase of steel may be ‘converted to graphite. Permissible, but not racommended for prolonged use above B00"F. (2) Not to be used over 850°F. (3) Not to be used over 650°F WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig 150 300 400 00 900 1500 2500 25 695 225 1390 2085 3470 5785 250 655 98 1315 1970 3280 5470 230 eo 350 1275 1915, 3190 5315 200 620 25 1238 050 3085 5145, 70 585 78 65 a7a8 2910 4350 00 140 535 70 1068 1600 2685 aso 650 15 525 895 1045 1570 2615 4355 70 no 520, 620 1035 1885 2590 4320 750 95 a5 630 45 1420 2365 3905, 00 80 380 520 780 178 1955, 3280 eso 8 270 355 535 805 340 2200 00 50 170 20 5 515 ‘960 1430 950 co 105, 140 205 310 515 80 1000 Ey 50 0 105 155, 260 430 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 105 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2-1.4 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.4 MATERIALS. Plates ‘A816 Gr. 60 (1) A516 Ge. 60 (N/2) NoTes: (1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above BOOF, tha carbide phase of steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above 800°F. (2) Not to be used over B50°F. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, prig Class Temp. F 150 300 400 500 1500 2500 =2010 100, 235 20 a5 1235, 1880 3085, 5145, 200 25 560 750 1125, 1695, 2810 4880 300 20 550 730 1095 1640 2735 860 200 200 530 705 1080 1585, 2805, 4405, 0 500 ess 995 1495 2480 A180 600 40 455 610 os 1370 2285 3805 650 125 450 600 895 1345, as 3740 700 110 450 600 295 1345, 2285 3720 750 95 465 590 835 1335 2210 3805 00 80 370 495 70 m0 1850 3085 850 85 270 385 535, 805 1340 220 900 50 170 230 345 515 960 1430 950 35 105 140 208, 310 515 60 3000 20 50 70 105 155, 250 30 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 106 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGEO FITTINGS TABLE 2.1.5 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.5 MATERIALS A204Gr. AWN ‘A204GB (1) arazce rin | 217 Gr. wera, A352 Gr. LC1 (3) ddenum steel may be converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above 875% {2) Use normalized and tempered material only (8) Not to be used over 650°F. NOTES: 9288 22228 983 8 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 107 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2-1.7_ RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.7 MATERIALS ‘Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Phates c-4Mo 2066.1) YC 4Mo A182 Gr. F203) NinyCr='4Mo A217 Ge. WOA (213) Yi CE-1Mo A217 Gr. WOS (2) NOTES: {1) Upon prolonged exposure to temperatures above 875°F. the carbide phase of carbon-moly>- ‘denum stee! may be converted to graphite. Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above B75°F. (2) Use normalized and tempered material only. {) Not 1 be used over 1000°F, WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES. psig ‘Class Tom. *F 180 300 400 00 900 1300 200 20 t0 100 230 750 1000 1500 2250 3750 6250 200 260 750 1000 1500 2350 750 6250 300 zo 720 965 res 265 3610 eos ‘400 200 095 925 1385 2080 385 5775 500 170 605 85 1330 1995 325, 540 600 0 05 05 1210 wes 3025 5000, 650 125 590 705 175 785 2300 4905 700 110 570 155 1138 1705 2880 4730 750 95 530 70 1065 1595 2660 4430 800 8 510 oS 1015 1825 2540 4730 880 6 a5 650 5 1460 2438 080 900 50 450 600 00 1380 2285, 374, 950 3% 318 220 30 945 1975 2630 +000 2 200 270 05 605 1010 1685 1050 a 160 210 315 25 790 3315 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 108 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. PIPE FLANGES. APPENDIX E (cont'd) AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2. RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.9 MATERIALS teratyito | A 182 Gr. FIZ C1. 2 (1102) T%Er-4Mo Moro | A 182 Gr FIN 2 (02) A217 Ge. WCB (113) A387 Gr. 11.22) NOTES: (1) Use normalized and tormpered material only. {2) Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above 1100. (8) Not to be used aver 1100. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, paig as, Temp. 150 300 200 00 00 1500 2500 2010 100 290 750 1000 1500 2280 3780 6250 200 260 750 +1000 1500 2250 3750 6250 300 230 70 965 14a, 2165 3610 e015, 400 200 695 925 1395, 2080 385, S775 500 0 665 885 1390 1995 3325 5540 600 140 605 05 1210 1815 3025 020 50 135 590 785 75 1785, 2040 4905 700 m0 570 755 35 1705, 2040 4730 750 95, 530 70 1085 1595, 2660 4430 00 80 510 os 1015 1825 2540 4230 950 8 a5 650 975 1460 2435, 080 ‘900 80 40 600 900 1350 205, 3745 950 35 320 425 640 955 1595 2885 1000 2 215 230 430 650 1080 1800 1050 : 105, 190 20 30 70 1200 1100 ca 130 180 230 480 800 1150 rt 80 135 185 310 515 1200 40 50 % 5 190 315 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved, 109 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2-1.10 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.10 MATERIALS ‘Nominal Designation Forgings Castings: Plates 2ycr-1Mo_| A 182Gr.F22c.3(a) | A217Gr.wes ney | A397-Gr. 22.01.22) NoTEs: (1) Use normalized and tempered material ony. {2) Permissible, but not recommended for prolonged use above 1100°F. (8) Not to bo used over 1100, WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES. psig 150 300 00 600 900 1500 2500 2010 100 230 750 +000 1500 2250 780 e250 200 260 750 1000 1800 2250 3760 6250 300 230 730 970 1485 2185 3840 070 ‘00 200 705 940 1410 ms 3530 5880 500 170 685 B85 1330 1995 3325 5540 600 10 605 805 2210 1818 3025 5080 880 135 590 785 5 1785 2340 4905 700 119 570 755 1135 1708 240 «730 750 5 330 no 1085 1585 2660 030 00 0 510 675 1015 1525 2540 «230 880 65 45 850 os 1480 2435 4080 900 50 450 600 300 1350 205, 3745 950 3% 395 505 755 1130 1885 aus, 1000 20 260 345 320 780 1205, 2170 1080 75 238 380 525 5 1485 1100 : 10 145, 20 320 550 os 1180 7 7 0 135 205 35 570 1200 7 0 55 80 125, 205 345 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 110 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. APPENDIX E (cont'd) TABLE 2-1.13 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.13 MATERIALS ‘Nominal a coe [nm Cro A182 Gr. FS. ‘A 182 Gr. 5a A217 Gr.05(0) Note: (1) Use normalized and tempered material only, eee Eee eee Ce WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Class Temp. "F 150 300 400 00 20 100 20 750 1000 1500 200 260 75, 995 1490 300 230 ns 955 1430 400 200 705 940 1410 500 v0 665 85 1330 600 10 605 205 1210 850 15 530 785 175 700 m0 570 755 35 750 95 530 708 1055, 800 20 510 05 1015, 850 6 485 es 965 900 50 370 395 740 950 3B 25 365 550 1000 2 200 285 400 1050 i 45 190 230 1100 100 138 200 1150 ‘ 60 2 125 1200 a 5 70 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 1 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2.1.14 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.14 MATERIALS ‘Nominal Designation Forgings Castings Platoe Cr=1Mo A182 Gr. FO ANT Gr. C20) NoTE: (1) Use normalizad and tempored material only. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Class, Temp. 150 300 400 600 00 1500 2500 20 10 100 290 750 1000 1600 250 3750 6250 200 280 750 1000 1500 250 3750 8280 300 20 70 970 1455 2185 3640 8070 ‘400 200 708 940 1410 25, 3530 5880 500 v0 665; 885 1330 1995 3325, 3540 600 10 605, 805 1210 ais. 3025, 5000 350 5 590 785 175 1765 2940 4905 700 10 570 755 1135 1708, 2540 4730 750 95 530 70 1085 1595 2660 4230 200 80 510 05 1015 1525 2540 az30 20 % 435 650 975 1480 2435 060 300 50 450 800 ‘900 1380 2285 74s, 950 eo 35 505 785 1130 ‘85 3148, +000 20 255 340 505 760 1270 ms 1050 a 70 220 35 515 855 1430 1100 18 150 2s 30 565 945 1150 % 100 150 225 m5 620 3200 50 70 105 155 255 0 Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 12 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2.1.15 RATINGS FOR GROUP 1.15 MATERIALS BOESE g HEE Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Al rights reserved. 3. STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 2.2.1 RATINGS FOR GROUP 2.1 MATERIALS ‘Norninal Designation Forgings Cartings Plates 18Cr-8Ni Avu2Gr.F308(t) | A351Gr.cFB (2 | A 240Gr. 306 (1) ‘A182 Gr. F08H Ass Grcrain | A240 Gr. 2044 Notes: (1 At tomporatures over 1000°F, (2) Not to be used over 800°F. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, palo 1 only when the carbon content is 0.04% or higher. Cine Temp. *F 150 300 420 600 900 7500 20 t0 100 m8 70 ‘960 ao 2160 ‘6000 200 20 00 00 1200 1800 000 300 208 50 m0 1080 1620 4500 ‘400 190 35 660 995 1490 ato 500 70 45 20 930 1395 3880 600 10 438 50 os 1310 3040 650 us 0 os 860 1290 3580 700 10 a5 365 850 1278 3540 750 555 230 1245 3460 800 0 805 1210 3360 520 780 1190 3300 520 780 1165 3200 510 765 145 3180 20 0 965 2675 10 615 925 2570 us 245, 265 1655 5 1285 150 345 ns 15 20 515 6 400 5 285 35 20 Reprinted from ASME B16.S by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved 4 ‘STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2-22 RATINGS FOR GROUP 2.2 MATERIALS ‘Nominal Designation Forgings Costings Plates, yeCr-12Ni-Mo | A rezGr. Far) | A351Gr.cFaM (2) | A 240Gr. 3161) Av2Gr. Fah | AssiGr.crami | A240Gr. 3164 18Cr-13Ni-3Mo A240 Gr. 317 (1 19Cr-10Ni-3Mo A951 Gr. CGBM (9) Notes: (1) At temperatures over 1000*F, use only when the carbon content is 0.08% or highs {@) Not to be used over as0rF. (3) Not to be used over 1000", WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES. paig Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 118 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS. TABLE 2.2.3 RATINGS FOR GROUP 2.3 MATERIALS ‘Nominal Designation yeCr=12Ni-2Mo | A 182.Gr. F216 A240 Gr. 3164 18Cr-8Ni A182 Gr, F304L 1) ‘A240 Gr. 304 (1) ‘Note: (1) Not to be used over 800°F. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. 116 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX E (cont'd) PIPE FLANGES AND FLANGED FITTINGS TABLE 2.2.4 RATINGS FOR GROUP 2.4 MATERIALS ‘A182 Gr. F321 (2) A182 Gr. F321H (1) 18¢r—10Ni-Ti ‘A240 Ge. 321 12) ‘A 240 Gr. 3214 (1) Notes: (1) Attemperatures over 1000°F, use oniy ifthe material is heat roated by heating toa minimum ‘temperature of 2000°F. (2) Not to be used over 1000°F. WORKING PRESSURES BY CLASSES, psig Reprinted from ASME B16.5 by permission of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. For a complete list of pressure-temperature ratings for flanges not listed, refer to ASME B16.5a. 117 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX F EQUIVALENTS OF PRESSURE Atmor water mercury Pressure | tint | par | pheres | kelem* | KPa | (om a2 wink + [ooesss7 | ocsaoss [ooroae7 | aaos7e | 27707 ane Bar ha.s037 1 foseee2 |roe2 |10 ——faoz.se 60.062 Atmospheres [sos | 01g | 1 | row frorsas —[aozar 60. oem? 4.29 J osaoszs | osezes | 1 | 980569 |so40s 735.550 wa o.ssoae |ooo — | o0ss6 Joos7 | 1 | ozise 75006 in water | oosane2 | 002456 | oozes | 0025s | orsssis| 1 1.8005 water —fo4ssios | oozss39 | onzv«m |oosess | 228639 | 12. 223960 in. mercury [o4ons7 | oogsses | oossi2 |oossss | sssea | 13.608 25.40005 sri mereury | 0.0108368 | 0.00183 | 00015158 | ooorss05 | 0.199923] 0.535764 2 1000 wm 1900 Nae Sanple Problem: Scttion How many inches of mercury are equivalent to 10 Tineh of water is equa wo 0.073488 inch mercury inches of water? ‘Then, 10 0.073483 = 0.79483 inch mercury. 118 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX G ALTITUDE PRESSURE TABLE Feet ‘Temp Pressure Feet ‘Temp Pressure Altitude F In. Hg. Altitude F In. Hg. 0 59.00 29.92 155,000 69.7 ame 50 60,000 09.7 2.138 100 58.64 2ost 65,000 69.7 1.682 200 58.28 29.71 70,000 67.42 1.325 300 57.93 29.60 75,000 647 1.046 400 518? 29.49 80,000 01.98 27st 500 S72 29.38 85,000 59.26 6558-1 600 56.86 29.28 90,000 36.53 5.200-1 700 56.50 29.7 95,000 3.82 4133-4 ‘800 56.15 29.07 100,000 51.10 3.290-1 900 55.19 28.96 110,000 41.29 2.098-1 1,000 55.43 28.86 120,000 26.09 1.9581 1,500 50.65 28.33 130,000 10.91 a9212 2,000 51.87 2782 140,000 4.283 5.9472 2,600 50.09 27.32 150,000 19.40 4.0182 3,000 48.30 26.82 160,000 27.50 2.7462 3,500 46.52 26.33 170,000 21.50 1.280-2 4,000 44.74 25.84 180,000 18.88 1,2843-2 4,500 42.96 25.37 190,000 8,099 8.70263 5,000 4.7 24,90 200,000 2671 5.84573 7,500 32.26 22.66 210,000 21.96 3.87903, 10,000 23.36 20.58 220,000 43.46 2,5229-3 15,000 5.55 1689 230,000 64.94 1.6046-3 20,000 12.28 13.76 240,000 86.40 9.9546-4 25,000 80.05 12 250,000 107.84 6,0005-4 30,000 47.88 8.903 260,000 “129.26 3.51274 35,000 65.61 7.060 270,000 134.50 2,0046-4 40,000 69.70, §.558 280,000 -134.50 (1.1433-4 45,000 69.20 4.375 290,000 134.50 6.5244-5 50,000 69.70 3.444 300,000 126.7 3.7368-5 ‘Notes A number (preceded by a plus or minus sign) following the entry in each block indieates the power of tan by which that entry should be multiplied Source of Data: NASA, US. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 119 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX H ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AND VOLUME RELATIONS FOR DRY AIR. H FLOW RATE OF ABSOLUTE PRESSURE 1B PER. vacuum HOUR DRY AIR Microns | __MM Tnches Inches | SPVOL Liters! Bg. Bg Bg pa | Roce | Hg leutport| crm | Second 1 01 ‘ ce |9,999,000 | 165,580 | 78,280 2 002 : : : 466,000 | 22,765 | 39.044 3 008 : 312.000 | $5176 | 26,052 4 ‘008 2. | 2488.00 | 41,363 195532, 5 005 a a 2 |1/986,000 | 33,108 15,621 6 006 7 = |1886.000 | 27,588 | 13,001 7 007 na re : 1i0,000 | 23,647 11,161 8 008 1,242,000 | 20,691 9,766 9 008 an + | 41104000 | 18,402 8,681 10 10 ‘993,300 | 16,589, 17,8280 20 020 7 : 496600 | 8.276 3.9044 30 030 gaiz00 | 5,620, 2,608.2 0 «0 25.300 | 4.136 1.9532 50 050 198.600 | 3.310 115626 6 060 165,600 | 2,760 1308.1 0 070 141900 | 2,965 3.16.1 80 080 124200 | 2.068 9766 90 090 sno400 | 1.890 868.1 100 100 0039 sea | 1655.9 7628 200 200 0079 : 49.660 278 3904 300 300 ous a 93,120 552.0 2605 400 400 0158 ‘| i 24;890 4138 1958 500 500 019 7 39,860 330 1562 600 600 0296 ere 16,560 276.0 1303 ‘100 700 0276 14,190 2365 mis) 800 800 0315 a : : 12,420, 206.9 s166 900 900 0354 : 11040 1840 86381 1000 100 0398 (0193, ooss | 2096 185.53, 7828 2.00 o787 0387 oor, | 2992 82.76 3906 264 100 ‘491 ous | 2990 5.20 30.77 3.00 ust 0580 coos | 2988 55.20 26.05 400 158 ovr oosea | 2984 41.96 1953 500 197 0967 0gs0 | 29.80, 33.10 1542 5.08 200 0982. oer | 29.80 32.60 1559 600 236 1160 oss | 29.76 27.60 19.43 00 216 1354 oor | 2972 23,65 ais 7.62 300 1474 owas | 29.70 aura | 1026 800 315 “asa7 oss | 29.68, 20.68 977 9.09 354 amt vor2a | 29.65 18.40 868 10.00 94 1934 o1s9 | 2961 16.55 188 10.16 400 1965 ower | 2960 16.29 169 11.00 433 2137 ous | 2057 15.08 720 1200 472 2521 o1es2 | 20.53, 13.79 651 1270 500 2456 0127 | 2950 1303 615 13.00 ‘p12 4 ores | 2049 12.73 6or 14.00 5st 2108 ors | 2045 n82 658 18.00 sel 2800 oz039 | 29.41 uo4 521 15.24 600 2007 ozo | 29.40 10.86 513 16.00 630 3094 o2i7s | 2987 10.36 4.385, 11.00 670 3288 023i 29:33 9.73 4597 120 STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AND VOLUME RELATIONS FOR DRY AIR APPENDIX H (cont'd) ABSOLUTE PRESSURE, ‘FLOW RATE OF 1LBPER HOUR DRY AIR vacuum, Microns | MM Taches Inches | SP-VOL Liters! Hg Hg Psi Kerem: | Hg" [euttperio | crm | Second 17.78 700 asses | oe 20.90 558.7 sat 4294 18.00 "709 3481 0245, 29.29 5518, 9.20 4342 19.00 748 3675 0258 20.25 sx266 | 872 am 20.00 787 ‘3868 272, 2021 4966 828 3.904 2032 ‘300 388 276 29.20 488.7 81s. 3866 21.00 aor 406 0285 ve 473 7.89 3.724 200 1866 425 0299 29.13 4519 753 3554 22.86 ‘900 a2 ai zea0 | 4346 124 sai? 2300 906 5 13 raoo | a8 719 3.399 24.00 945 464 x26 20.08 4140 6.90 2s? 25.00 984 484 0340 20.02 soess | 661 3.20 25.40 100 491 345, 29.00 saris | 652 sor 25.88, 1018 500 0882, 23.98 35415 | 6.40 3021 2600 1024 308 0353, 2897 sess | 636 3.002 27.00 1.063 522 0867 2894 serse | 619 2.593, 2198 140 40 os797 2890 35570 | 5.99 2.799 2800 1202 aa 0380 2890 asass | 591 2789 2900 12 ‘561 394 Daa peas | 57 2.695, 30.00 1381 580 9408 2882 gauz7 | 6.520 2.605, 3088 120 501 9418 28.30 axsco | s.ai7 2.558 33.2 130 at 0480 28.70 zones | 4904 2357 36.00 138 sv 0478, 28.62 zestz | 472 2.232 35.68, 140 590 0685, 28.60 zest | 4640 2.199 3820 150 739 0519 22.50 rsost | assz 2088, 40.00 ast m7 544 aa 48.16 | 4.136 1958 4076 788 554 2840 2asrs | 4.068 1916 4328 at 588 2830 reas | 3.826 1.803 45.00 70 0612 2829 22078 | 3680 ana7 45.82 386 9623 2820 asia | 3613 1.705 4835, 985 0657 280 20548 | saze ei 50.00 967 0680 28.03, asses | 3.810 1562 50.80 962 ‘0690 28.00 19559 | 3.250 1599 sie 1.000 0703 2196 1208 | 3.201 151 5334 1082 725, 2190 wer2 | 3.102 1463 55.88 1.081 0760 2130 ries | 2961 1397 5842 1.180 198 2170 aos | 2853 1336 60.00 1.160 0815, 2186 16558 | 2.760 1303 60.98 179 0828 21.60 aezs1 | 2715 1284 6380 1.228 0863 2150 as641 | 2607 1230 66.08 12m 898 2.40 wot | 2507 1185 65.88 1.326 932 2130 wass | 208 1137 0.00 1384 0951 2126 vaso | 2.65, 16 m2 1375 0967 2120 1370 | 2328 1.099 73.66 1425 1001 21.10 asi79 | 2247 1.060 7620 1474 1036 2.00 isost | 2172 11025 mst 1.500 1054 2694 rss | 2.134 1.007 80.00 1347 1087 26.85 ris | 2.069 7 81.28 1372 1105, 2680 rag | 2.097 961 36.38 1670 1074 26.60 usoz | 1817 905 90.00 ant 1223 26.46 nso | 1840 ‘368 rat STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX H (cont'd) ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AND VOLUME RELATIONS FOR DRY AIR FLOW RATE OF ABSOLUTE PRESSURE TLR PER vacuum HOUR DRY AIR Microns | MM] Inches ‘Tnches | SPOT. Titers! Hg Ag Hg Psi KG/CM Hee cu ft per Ib CFM Second ois 260 1.768 ws | 2s40 | r0xe | ren 55 9652 380 1867 iz | 2620 | i028 | 17s 209 100.00 19% 1904 1359 | 2606 | s9aa | ress 788 101.80 400 | 196s | as: | 2600 | 977s | 129 “769 108.83 407 2000 wos | 3503 | 950% | 1601 756 110.00 as | 2s uss | 2567 | 9030 | 1.505 no 1430 aso | 221 sss | 550 | sor | 1as9 a4 120.0 am | 232 rez | 2528 | 278 | 1379 51 171.00 so | 246 vas | 200 | aos | sao ou 12829 soo | 2800 | 157 | 2m | rasa | 128 505 12000 saz | as. ams | cass | tea | 1279 501 197 ss | 270 we | so | mis | 1186 560 140.00 551 an 100s | 2449 | to98 | 182 558 woo | so | 20 zo | a4an | aan | 1.104 21 124 60 | 295 mm | 2400 | os | 10a 312 xis | on 000 | 219 | arso | csor | 1067 04 xo | 620 | 309 an zm | ezis | 1036 489 165.1 65 | 319 224 250 | soar | 1.004 4 1700 ss | 320 231 2331 5838 273 400 ma 700 | aaa 242 zo | 5584 ‘so 29 1800 20 | sae 25 ma | ss18 229 494 1810 aa | a0 246 ast | sua 215 432 1900 was | 367 “258 mse | 5227 ‘sre an 1905 50 | a8 259 zs | s210 ‘570 an 20 ast | 387 2m zu | 4965 ‘ae 3904 2032 00 | 398 216 2200 | ase 15 3846 2089 ais | 400 281 aiss | 4802 ‘300 aris 2100 az | 40s a5 am | aa 789 ‘ara4 2159 sso | ate 204 aso | 4sas 766 ‘ais 200 aos | 4zs 200 aim | 419 7 3856 26 oo | 4a an aio0 | 4346 724 aa 2100 sos | sas 313 2094 416 9 3399 2227 sis | 430 ‘b16 20a | 4268 ™m ‘3956 2400 sas | 44 326 205s | 4140 90 ‘257 213 950 | 467 328 zoso | 41 86 208 250.0 oa | 48 40 zoe | 2960 61 120 2540 woo | 4s. a5 2000 | 3912 52 2077 2536 rors | 5.00 382 wae | saz “610 3021 2150 wos | 532 34 wat | 3610 “s02 2341 24 noo | 540 390 00 | 3557 ‘509 2109 3000 n81 590 408 wis | sara 562 2608 gous vo | sao 4 woo | 261 or 2367 aoa nz | 600 aa x7 | 201, 4 2520 so 0 | 629 a2 x20 | aos 509 2602 sa02 130 | 6.39 449 rz00 | 008 501 2365, 3500 um | 627 416 122 | 2as7 a3 2282 3556 1400 | 688 489 woo | a7g2 465 2198 3620 uz | 700 492 ists | ate 457 ‘st 1750 ure | 725, 10 ws | 2649 42 2086 3810 wo | 797 518 1300 | 2608 ‘04 2048 12 ‘STANDARDS OF THE HEAT EXCHANGE INSTITUTE, INC. APPENDIX H (cont'd) ABSOLUTE PRESSURE AND VOLUME RELATIONS FOR DRY AIR ‘FLOWRATE OF ABSOLUTE PRESSURE TLBPER eauine HOUR DRY AIR, Microns |r] aches aches | SPVOL Liters! He Hg ie Pi | xeom | “Hye [eumpertn| crm | Second avo | 676 1% ue us | mae] as 1953 soca | 1600 86 “563 woo | ase | aor | “aon aaz | 1629 800 362 ran | oor | “oo | “ans 4250 | 1673 822 978 ss2r | maar | 008 | ese aais | 1700 835 887 1300 | 2300 | aes | “aa09 400 | 172 an 12 w2e | 2208 | 680 | azar 4x2 | 1800 584 ea x20 | a73 | 3622 «| 4709 sea | 1832 8.00 633 ne | aim | ss7 | aor amo | 1870 219 46 nao | 209% | s4as | oe 4226 | 1900 29 636 noo | 2050 | ‘use | 20 3000 | 1968 267 620 ose wes | ama | 562 08.0 | 2000 282 1 1000 x56 | 2260 | 500 siz | 2036 1000 7703 264 ws21 | 3200 asi x50 | 2067 1015 m4 999 wee | ass | 1aa5 sua | 2100 1032 725 900 | 161 | siz 1464 soo | 216s 1066 148 235 10s | 3008 1420 saa | 2200 wai 60 soo | wnat | ‘20m 1398 sexo | 2240 00 a zo | mas | amo | 379 smo | 2268 nz "2 ras | mar | ee | 358 so2 | 23.00 1130 98 zoo | zo | ann | as emo | 2x62 1160 ais 638 ise | arco | anos es | 2400 79 229 00 | 1620 | amis | am es | 2443 1200 ms sar | 1601 2608 | 1250 eso | 2401 1209 50 530 | seo | 2608 | 1250 eo | 2500 | 1228 303 soo | ses | 2007 1290 eoo | 250 st 84 an ws2e | gsr | atm sos | 2600 1297 998 too | ses | sor | area oma | 2647 1300 ou 359 | 77 | 2a | nee e50 | 2687 1305 917 ais | ze | aus | ns casa | 200 | a6 932 300 uae | ons 139 tooo | 2756 | 14 251 au | uso | as | ans ma | 200 | 1338 967 20 | ast | 28 | “10 rao | 2850 | 400 934 1.50 wre | at 1079, meso | mss | ae 935 145 ws70 | a | 077 7s | 2900 | as | Loo roo | sas | 22a 2060 roo | 2989 | sso | 1020 a 125 | 2208 1042 roo | 2092 | ideo | rose os | aor | ave 1028 reo | 3000 urs | 1086 xeon [_ are | toa ‘Tables for Air Based on Standard Atmosphere. From NACA Report No. 218 and No. 688, Sea Level Conditions: 29.921 inches of mercury, 59°F., 07651 Ib per eu f, 14.696 psig. 1 lb por hr dry air equals 27836 CFM; 1 Ib per hr dry air equals 110281 liters per second’ Expanded volumes proportional tothe reciprocal of the absolute pressure (Based on perfect gas) “Referred to 30 inch Barometer, 123 STEAM JET VACUUM SYSTEMS APPENDIX I PROPERTIES OF SATURATED WATER VAPOR ‘ABSOLUTE PRESSURE, ‘ABSOLUTE PRESSURE ‘Temp [WM | Inches Sp Vor Temp [hm | Inches Sp Vol - He Hg | Pet 10> |euA port F Hg. ie | Pein tos |euteper tb =102 | 00100 ‘01929 | 11,040,000 -s7 | 03160 nz | 392,500 s101 | “pa109 ‘92103 | 10,160,000 256 | 03383 543 | 367,500 s100 | ‘oon. oz2s1 | 91352,000 55 | 03622 7001 | 344.300 99 | 00129 o24sa | 8,618,000 -54 | 03874 | 00152 | 7489 | 820,600 -98 | 00140 ans | 7,936,000 -53 | cosa | 00163 | ‘3009 | 302,400 -97 | 00158 2954 | 7,814,000 -52 | 04428 | oor | 2562 | 238,600 =95 | 90166 voaa12 | 6,745,000 51 | .oa7a2 | 001s | ‘9151 | 266,000 95 | ‘oon ‘oss | 6:223,000 50 | 05058 | co0199 | ‘9776 | 249,600 s94 | “00196 ‘03793 | 5,749,000 49 | 05309 | ‘oo213 | s.04 | 234,300 sos | “ooa1a cous | 5)303,000 43 | ‘05766 | 00227 | 1115 | 220,000 -92 | 00281 04470 | 4,899,000 -47 | 06152 | 00242 | 1.190 | 296,600 sar | 00251 “04350 | 4)528,000 46 | 06566 | 00288 | 1270 | 194,100 90 | ooze 05260 | 4,186,000 as | 07003 | ‘00276 | 1354 | 182,400 +89 | 00295 osroz | 3/872,000 -44 | ‘orass | 00294 | eae | 171,500 S88 | 00920 ‘06179 | 3,589,000 43 | ‘07959 | 00313 | 1539 | 161,200 -87 | 00346 .osss2 | 3,817,000 42 | .osise | 0033s | ase. | 151,600 88 | 00375 ‘ora | 3,072,000 sat | ‘09080 | ‘0056 | 1.748 | 142,200 +85 | 00405 coves | 2,846,000 sao | ‘03627 | ‘ooa79 | 1.861 | 134,300 ces | 00439 cosas | 2,838,000 -33 | 1025 | ooaoe | 1982 | 126,400 cas | 007s 971 | 2,446,000 +s | 1091 | 00429 | 210 | 19,100 -82 | .oos13 : ose1s | 2,270,000 -37 | asi | o0as7 | 2245 | 112,200 sai | 0055s sor | 2,106,000 +38 | ‘1285 | o04ss | 2.888 | 105.700 80 | 00598 1157 | 1,955,000 :35 | ‘isis | 00817 | 2510 | 99.610 79 | ‘oes 1249 | 1,816,000 -34 | 3396 | 00850 | 2700 | 93.10 -78 | 00097 ss7_ | 1,687,000 -33 | ‘sas | co0sse | 2870 | 88,570 7 | 00752 1453 | 1,568,000 -32 | 1877 | 00621 | 3.019 | 83,550 -76 | 00811 1567 | 1,488,000 -a1 | 1675 | 00659 | 3.239 | 76,890 -75 | 00874 11689 | 1,356,000 -30 | 1779 | ‘oro | 3440 | 74,410 <4 | 90941 1820 | 1,262,000 s29 | ‘1a9 | coos | 3.652 | 70.250 213. | o101s 1960 | 1,175,000 -2 | 200s | ona | save | 66,240

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