mmm

THE SECURITY FIELD USES THREE TYPES

OF AUTHENTICATION:

?SOMETHING YOU KNOW- A PASSWORD,PIN OR

PERSONAL INFORMATION.

?SOMETHING YOU HAVE - A CARD KEY, SMART CARD OR

TOKEN.

?SOMETHING YOU ARE - A BIOMETRIC

What the Dictionaries say is
!Biometrics means - the statistical analysis of biological data

But in today's e-speak,

³Biometrics means the precise measurement of person's unique
physical (or vocal) traits, digitizing that measurement, storing
it in computer memory, and later comparing it against the
same measurement when taken again later´.
 6
 
 

_ Way back to the 1880s, while in Japan, Henry Faulds

studied the prints left behind by craftsmen on ancient clay
fragments. He then went on to study his own and his
colleagues¶ fingerprints. This convinced him that each
individual had unique fingerprints. A little later, a fellow
worker was arrested by the police for a pretty crime.
Faulds exonerated the man by showing that the finger
prints on the crime scene did not match with those of his
friends.
_ Thus began the journey of the most promising science
of identification and recognition: Biometrics. Today, apart
from fingerprints, we have discovered facial recognition,
DNA, retinal scanning, and voice recognition.
PRIMARY DISCIPLINES INCLUDE:
?FINGER SCAN
?FACIAL SCAN
?VOICE SCAN
?IRIS SCAN
?RETINA SCAN
?HAND SCAN
?SIGNATURE SCAN
?KEYSTROKE SCAN
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FINGER SCAN
Verification time ‰  -3 seconds
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FACIAL SCAN
Verification time ‰ 3-4 seconds
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VOICE SCAN
Verification time ‰ 4-6 seconds
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IRIS SCAN
Verification time ‰ 3-5 seconds
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RETINA SCAN
Verification time ‰ 10-1  seconds
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HAND SCAN
Verification time ‰  -3 seconds
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SIGNATURE SCAN
Verification time ‰ 4-6 seconds
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?ACQUSITION DEVICE
?BIOMETRIC SAMPLE
?FEATURE EXTRACTION
?TEMPLATE
 
FINGER SCAN - DESKTOP PHERIPHERAL,MOUSE,CHIP OR
READER EMBEDDED IN KEYBOARD.

?VOICE SCAN - MICROPHONE, TELEPHONE

?FACE SCAN - VIDEO CAMERA,PC CAMERA,SINGLE IMAGE

CAMERA.

?IRIS SCAN - INFRARED ENABLED VIDEO CAMERA

?RETINA SCAN- PROPRIETY DESKTOP OR WALL
MOUNTABLE UNIT

?SIGN SCAN - SIGNATURE TABLET

 r
?FINGER SCAN - LOCATION & DIRECTION OF RIDGE ENDINGS
AND BIFURCATION ON FINGERPRINTS

?VOICE SCAN - FREQUENCY,CADENCE & DURATION OF

VOCAL PATTERN

?FACE SCAN - RELATIVE POSITION & SHAPE OF NOSE,

POSITION OF CHEEKBONES

?RETINA SCAN -BLOOD VESSEL PATTERNS ON RETINA

?HAND SCAN ± HEIGHT & WIDTH OF BONES & JOINTS IN
HANDS & FINGERS.

?SIGN. SCAN - SPEED, STROKE ORDER AND PRESSURE

r 6
 6  !
 66 
 "6#

DECISION MAKING PROCESS

?MATCHING
?SCORE
?THRESHOLD
?DECISION
 !
$%&&'
6
?FAILURE TO ENROLL (FTE) RATE
?FALSE MATCH RATE (FMR)
?FALSE NON MATCH RATE (FNMR)

 6! !

( ) *+  

, - .  *( 6*()- *(
(0
1 (

r* *+- *(  0* 
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 66 rr
 !
 !:

?REDUCED COSTS-PASSWORD MAINTENANCE.

?INCREASED SECURITY-NO SHARED OR COMPROMIZED

PASSWORDS.

?INCREASED SECURITY-DETER AND DETECT

FRAUDULENT ACCOUNT ACCESS.

?NON REPUDIATION- !

rr 2

?COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE-FAMILIARITY WITH

ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
 

?CONVENIENCE-NO PASSWORDS TO REMEMBER OR RESET.

?CONVIENIENCE- r2

?SECURITY-PERSONAL FILES, INCLUDING EMAILS CAN BE

SECURE.

?SECURITY-ONLINE PURCHASE SAFER.

?PRIVACY-ABILITY TO TRANSACT ANONYMOUSLY.

FINGER-SCAN
?COLD FINGER
?DRY OR OILY FINGER
?HIGH OR LOW HUMIDITY
?ANGLE OF PLACEMENT
?PRESSURE OF PLACEMENT
?LOCATION OF FINGER ON PLATTEN
?CUTS TO FINGERPRINT
VOICE-SCAN
?COLD OR ILLNESS WHICH AFFECTS VOICE.
?SPEAKING SOFTLY.
?VARIATION IN BACKGROUND NOISE.
?POOR PLACEMENT OF CAPTURE DEVICE.
?QUALITY OF CAPTURE DEVICE.
FACIAL-SCAN
?CHANGE IN FACIAL HAIR
?CHANGE IN HAIRSTYLE
?LIGHTING CONDITIONS
?ADDING/REMOVING HAT AND GLASSES
?CHANGE IN WEIGHT
IRIS-SCAN
?TOO MUCH MOVEMENT OF HEAD OR EYE
?GLASSES
?COLORED CONTACTS

SIGNATURE SCAN

?SIGNING TOO QUICKLY

?DIFFERENT SIGINING POSITIONS(SITTING Vs.

STANDING)
OTHER PROBLEMS:

LONG TIME SINCE ENROLLMENT OR LAST

VERIFICATION.
?AGE, ETHINICITY OR GENDER
?PC/LAN LOGON
?APPLICATION LOGON
?TIME AND ATTENDANCE
?ACCESS CONTROL
?WEBSITE ACCOUNT ACCESS AND PURCHASING
?VERIFICATION TO A TOKEN