THE AUDITORY ARTS

Dr. James Loreto C. Piscos

Categories
 MUSIC
 LITERATURE
MUSIC
 Composed of tones The composer’s work
and silences must be
organized in such interpreted by
a manner to another artist-
convey the the performer
emotions and who makes the
ideas conceived by composer’s work
the composer. come to life.
Music as Auditory Arts
 Music moves through  3 components:
time, thus it is called -ability to appreciate
temporal music is not inborn
 Music appreciation is -acquired by anyone who
the acquired ability to makes up his mind to
listen to music do so
intelligently
-conscious effort
Functions of Music
1. An attempt to imitate 6. A form of entertainment
the natural sound in community
2. Release of one’s celebrations
emotions or feelings 7. Symbols of life’s cycles
(therapeutic)
3. As signals in wars
4. Means of worship and
vehicles of rituals
5. Used to accompany
dance
Sound (Tones): The Physical Material
Property of Music
 Vibration is what  Sound in general has
produced a sound 4 qualities:
 Regular vibrations 1. Timbre
produce tones or 2. Pitch
musical sounds
3. Intensity
 Irregular sounds yield
4. duration
noise
1. Timbre
 This refers to the  A sound may not be
quality which enables audible unless it is
us to distinguish one amplified by something
sound from another  Resonator – any object
which amplifies the
vibrations
2.Pitch
 This refers to the  The higher the
relative highness or frequency the higher
lowness or a tone the pitch
 This is the result of  Scale – series of
the frequency of different tones which
vibrations are arranged at
definite fixed
distances or intervals
from one another
Pitch
 Octave –western  Sharps mean a tone is
music uses a scale to be raised
consisting of 12  Flats – tone to be
pitches in 7 different lowered
tones designated as :
A, B,C,D,E,F,G or la,
ti, do, re, mi fa sol.
3. Duration
 It refers to the length of  Types:
time which a sound 1. Whole note
occupies 2. Half note
 Notes – relative time 3. Quarter note
values indicated in
musical notation by 4. Eighth note
symbols 5. Sixteenth note
6. 32nd note
7. 64th note
4. Intensity
 This refers to the  Dynamics- the degree of
loudness or softness of a loudness or softness in
sound music
 This results from the Indicators:
pressure or force which is 1. Forte – loudly
used to cause the 2. Fortissimo- very loudly
vibrations that produce a
sound 3. Piano – softly
4. Pianissimo – very softly
Intensity
 Crescendo – the music  Staff – five parallel
to become gradually lines and the spaces
louder between the lines
 Decrescendo or
diminuendo to become
gradually softer
Elements of Music

1. Rhythm 4. Tone Color

2. Melody 5. Texture
3. Harmony 6. Form
1. Rhythm
 The tones and silences  Time Signatures:
of varying durations  2/4
moving through time  ¾
 4/4
 6/8
2. Melody
 Melody is the pitch  Characteristics:
added to the rhythm 1. Dimension
 Other synonymous
2. Progression
terms:
3. Direction
Tune, air, theme, motif and
4. register
melodic line
Melody (Characteristics)
1. Dimension 3.Direction – considers the
a. Length distance between
individual, successive
b. Range –distance between
the highest and lowest tones
notes - Relate to the climax of the
2. Progression repertoire
4. Register – considers the
- The motion of upward or
downward, the distance pitch of most notes
between one tone and the Are they mostly high?
next as the melody moves
forward
3. Harmony
 The simultaneous sounding
of tones
 Melody is the horizontal
aspect while harmony the
vertical side.
 Tonality – or key feeling
results when a single key is
used thus providing a tonal
center
 Chord – 3 or more tones of
different pitches sounded
together
 Consonance – quality when
the combination of sounds
or tones is satisfying or
pleasant
 If unpleasant – dissonance
or discord (producing
tension)
4. Tone Color
 This is the result of tempo,
dynamics and the timbre or
the medium or mediums.
 Tempo – speed indicated
into:
a. presto – very fast
b. Allegro – fast
c. Moderato - moderate speed
d. andante- moderate slow
e. Adagio – slow
f. Largo – very slow
Ritardando – the gradual
slowing down
Accelerando – gradual increase
Tempo rubato – music to be
played with irregularity
5. Texture
This is the characteristic  1. Monophonic – one
disposition and melody is sung or played
relationship between with no accompaniment
melody and harmony. 2. Homophonic –song sung to
Types of Textures: the chordal accompaniment
1. Monophonic of a guitar or piano or any
2. Homophonic instrument
3. Polyphonic Or two people sing one
soprano and the other alto,
4. Non-melodic texture homophonic music is
produced
Texture
 Polyphonic results  Sonority –quality of
when two or more richness or thinness of
melodies are played the music closely
together related to harmony than
 Otherwise known as to melody and
contrapuntal measured by number of
parts, spacing of tones,
register of tones and
timbre
6. Form
 The overall design or  Sectional forms:
plan is called a musical 1. Binary
structure or musical 2. Ternary forms
form
Movements
 Sonata – movement is  Concerto – meant to be
fast and consists of 3 played by an
sections: instrument with an
 Exposition, entire orchestra
development and
recapitulation