GRAMMAR REVIEW

CÊu tróc c©u tiÕng Anh

Subject + Verb as predicate + Complement + Modifier.
Chñ ng÷ §éng tõ vÞ ng÷ t©n ng÷ bæ ng÷

1. Chñ ng÷ (subject)

 §øng ®Çu c©u lµm chñ ng÷ vµ quyÕt ®Þnh viÖc chia ®éng tõ.
 Chñ ng÷ cã thÓ lµ 1 côm tõ, 1 ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ (cã to), 1 V+ing, song nhiÒu nhÊt vÉn lµ 1
danh tõ v× 1 danh tõ cã liªn quan tíi nh÷ng vÊn ®Ò sau:

1.1 Danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc vµ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc.

- Danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc cã thÓ ®-îc dïng víi sè ®Õm do ®ã cã h×nh th¸i sè Ýt, sè nhiÒu. Nã cã thÓ
dïng ®-îc dïng víi a (an) vµ the.
- Danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc kh«ng dïng ®-îc víi sè ®Õm do ®ã nã kh«ng cã h×nh th¸i sè nhiÒu. Do
®ã, nã kh«ng dïng ®-îc víi a (an).
- Mét sè c¸c danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc cã h×nh th¸i sè nhiÒu ®Æc biÖt vÝ dô:

person - people woman – women

mouse - mice foot – feet
tooth - teeth man - men.

-Sau ®©y lµ mét sè danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc mµ ta cÇn biÕt.

Sand soap physics mathematics

News mumps Air politics
measles information Meat homework
food economics advertising* money

* MÆc dï advertising lµ danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc, nh-ng advertisement l¹i lµ danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc.
VÝ dô:
There are too many advertisements during television shows.
There is too much advertising during television shows.
- Mét sè danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc nh- food, meat, money, sand, water, ®«i lóc ®-îc dïng nh-
c¸c danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc ®Ó chØ c¸c d¹ng kh¸c nhau cña lo¹i danh tõ ®ã.
VÝ dô:
This is one of the foods that my doctor has forbidden me to eat.
(chØ ra mét lo¹i thøc ¨n ®Æc biÖt nµo ®ã)
He studies meats
( ch¼ng h¹n pork, beef, lamb. vv...)
 B¶ng sau lµ c¸c ®Þnh ng÷ dïng ®-îc víi danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc vµ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc.

Danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc (with count noun) Danh tõ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc (with non-count noun)

a (an), the, some, any the, some, any

this, that, these, those, this, that
none,one,two,three,... non
many much (th-êng dïng trong c©u phñ ®Þnh hoÆc c©u hái
a lot of a lot of
plenty of
a large number of a large amount of
a great number of, a great many of. a great deal of
(a) few (a) little
few ... than less ... than
more ... than more ... than

- Danh tõ time nÕu dïng víi nghÜa thêi gian lµ kh«ng ®Õm ®-îc nh-ng nÕu dïng víi nghÜa sè lÇn
hoÆc thêi ®¹i l¹i lµ danh tõ ®Õm ®-îc.
VÝ dô:
We have spent too much time on this homework.
She has been late for class six times this semester.