1. Speed = Distance/Time.

2. Average Speed = Total Distance/Total time.

3. Constant Product Rule.

This rule can be applied when we have two parameters whose product is
constant, i.e when they are inversely proportional to each other.

E.x :- Time*Speed=Distance; Price*Consumption=Expenditure;

Length*Breadth=Area.

A 1/x increase in one of the parameters will result in a 1/(x+1)

decrease in the other parameter if the parameters are inversely
proportional.

Ex :-

1. 1/5 increase of the speed make travel time lesser by 1/6 times.

2. 1/5 decrease of the speed make travel time more by 1/4 times.

3. 2/3 increase of the speed make travel time lesser by 2/5 times.

4. When two equal distances are covered at x km/hr and y km/hr

respectively, then average speed of the whole journey is 2xy/(x+y) km/hr.

5. x km/hr = (5x/18) m/sec and x m/sec = (18x/5) km/hr

Problems on Trains

1. Time taken by a train of length l meters to pass a pole or a man is equal

to time taken by train to cover l meters.

2. When two trains travel in the same direction, their relative speed =
difference of their individual speed.

3. When two trains travel in the opposite direction, their relative speed =
sum of their individual speed.

4. When two trains are moving opposite to each other, time taken by them
to cross each other = (Sum of their lengths)/(Sum of their speeds)
5. When two trains are moving in the same direction, time taken by faster
train to cross slower train = (Sum of their lengths)/(difference of their
speeds)

Boats and Streams

1. If the speed of the boat in still water is x km/hr and the speed of stream
is y km/hr, then:

Speed of the boat downstream = (x+y) km/hr

Speed of the boat upstream = (x-y) km/hr.

Time and Work

1. If a person takes x days to complete a job, he will complete 1/x th of

work in a day.

2. If efficiency of two workers is in the ratio m:n then time taken by them to
complete the job will be in the ratio n:m

Mixtures and Allegations

1.

% by weight in product A (a) % by weight in

product B (b)

Mean % by weight in the mixture (c)

Ratio:- | c-b| : |c-a|

2.

C.P of variety A (a) C.P variety B

(b)
 C.P of the mixture (c)

Ratio:- | c-b| : |c-a|