UNIT
Unit No. 29
By:
Nishant Baranawal
TOPICS OF DISCUSSION
1 .Introduction to SRU
Purpose
Commercial Processes
2. SRU at BORL
Sulphur Recovery Block
Flow Description for SRU
Process Chemistry
SRU
TGTU
Process Variables
Purpose of SRU
Overhead gases from SWS I , SWS II and ARU contain H2S &
NH3
H2S can’t be disposed off to atmosphere
Extremely dangerous, irritant at higher conc.
Combustion gives SO2 which has a dispoasal limit
(CPCB standard -80 microgm/m3 of air)
H2S can be treated to produce Sulphur
NH3 also has a disposable limit of 100microgm/m3 of air(CPCB
standard)
NH3 is burnt in SRU to N2
Commercial Processes
14.5t/h 40*C
1670 kg/hr
H2S RICH
ACID GAS
STRIPPED WATER CONDENSATE B/D
GAS
Major Outlines
Based on the TGTU technology developed by M/s ENGINEERS
INDIA LIMITED along with SINI, Italy
Punj Loyd has taken contract on LSTK basis
Capacity – 2*180 MT/day
Combination of Claus process and the extension of Tail Gas Treatment
Unit
Feed gas is a mix of acid gas from ARU and sour gas from SWS I & II
SRU consists of one thermal reactor (Main Combustion Chamber) and
two catalytic Claus converters
Continued…
Claus off gas which contains H2S, SO2 and traces amount of
COS and CS2, is subjected for hydrogenation reaction in
TGTU
H2S formed is recovered by amine absorption
Tail gas is incinerated
Unit has storage, weighing and loading facilities for liq. S at
site itself
Block Diagram For SRU
Claus Section
Incinerator Section
Sulphur Storage and Loading
Process Chemistry for SRU
Main Combustion Chamber
Combined stream of acid gas & sour gas is fed to the burner of Main Combustion
Chamber
Following reactions are occuring
H2S + 3/2 O2 SO2 + H2O + Heat (1)
2H2S + SO2 2H2O+ 3/n Sn + Heat (2)
2NH3 + 3/2 O2 3H2O + N2 (3)
H2S H2 + 0.5S (4)
Controlled combustion of H2S takes place(eq 1)
O2 is limiting and air flow is controlled by an Air Demand Analyser at
downstream of Claus converter II
Eq 2 is the ‘CLAUS REACTION’ and is slightly endothermic at MCC temp. and
exothermic at Converter temp.
Claus Reaction Kinetics
Continued..
CLAUS CONVERTERS
Less temperature favors claus reaction in the catalytic converters
Converter temp. should be above S dew point
Small quantities of CS2 and COS are formed
There destruction improves S recovery
1st converter temp is higher(around 300*C) to ensure maximum
destruction
COS + H2O H2S + CO2
CS2 + 2H2O 2H2S + CO2
2nd Converter temp. subsequently is lower
Continued…
Steam
Diluting agent
Causes flame instability
Entrained Liquid
Flame stability affected
Corrosion of Acid Gas lines
3 – Pressure & Temperature
Increased temp. of feed indicates more steam content
High Pr. of feed may lead acid flare routing of gases
Process Variables
3 – Claus Converters
Inlet temp. of process gas to Claus converter is crucial for S recovery
1st Claus converter temp. is around 300 oC to ensure COS, CS2 destruction and
better rate of reaction
Increased temp. of converters decreases S recovery
Temp. below dew point of S may lead to S deposition over catalyst, so that
should be avoided
Continued…
4 - Incinerator
Fuel gas firing maintains the temp.
O2 content in outlet flue gas should be 2 % mol (wet basis)
At high temp., incinerator has a trip
Tail gases however are sent to atmosphere for some
minutes to restore temp.
Comparison With BPCL Unit