ATOMIC ENERGY CENTRAL

SCHOOL, KAIGA

PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION
EXPERIMENTS

AISSCE 2010-2011

Name: M S SURAJ
Class: 12
Section: B
Roll No:

PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION
PROJECT 2010-2011
DEMONSTRATION
EXPERIMENT FILE

Smt. Sangeetha Nair

PGT, Physics
AECS, Kaiga

PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION
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PROJECT 2010-2011
 INDEX
SL. TOPIC PAGE NO.
NO.

01 TO DEMONSTRATE THE
PRODUTION OF MAGNETIC
FIELD WHEN ELECTRIC 04
CURRENT PASSES THROUGH A
COIL.

02 TO DEMONSTRATE THAT FOR

THE SAME INCIDENT RAY, IF
THE PLANE MIRROR IS
ROTATED BY ANGLE THE 06
REFLECTED RAY IS TURNED BY
ANGLE 2θ.

03 TO DEMONSTRATE THE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EMF
AND TERMINAL POTENTIAL 09
DIFFERENCE OF A CELL.

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PROJECT 2010-2011
AIM:
To demonstrate the production of the magnetic field
when electric current passing through a coil.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
Insulated copper wire, a magnetic compass, one way
key, a non-magnetic circular frame, a battery and two
wooden stands.
PROCEDURE
 First of all wind 60 turns of insulated copper wire on a
non- magnetic frame.
 Take a tapping from the 30th turn and join it to the
middle terminal Q at the base and join other ends of
the insulated copper wire to terminals P and R at the
base.
 Place a magnetic compass in the centre of the circular
coil with the help of wooden stand.
 Now connect a battery E between the terminals P and
Q through a key (K), an ammeter (A) and a rheostat
(Rh) as shown in figure.
 Switch on key (K) and vary the electric current with the
help of rheostat.
 Note the value of electric current and corresponding
deflection in each case.
 Also determine the radius of circular coil.
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PROJECT 2010-2011
 determine magnetic field produced by the relation
B = BH tanө
= µONi / 2r
 In each case, by putting the value of I, N and r, the
magnitude of the magnetic field can be determined.
This can also be verified by finding the product of BH
and tanө where BH is horizontal component of the
earth’s magnetic field and ө is the deflection produced
in the pointer of magnetic compass.
 Now connect the battery E between P and R so that 60
turns are in the circuit and repeat the experiment
above.

CONCLUSION
The readings show that the magnetic field is
produced when the electric current passes through the
coil. It is also seen that on increasing the value of
current and the no. of turns in the coil, the deflection
increases and hence the magnetic field increases.
PHYSICS DEMONSTRATION
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PROJECT 2010-2011
AIM:
To demonstrate that for the same incident ray, if the
plane mirror is rotated by an angle θ, the reflected ray is
turned by an angle 2θ.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
A plane mirror holder, drawing pins, drawing board,
white paper and alpines.

THEORY
Consider a ray of light PO incident on a plane mirror at
point O. It will be reflected along OQ according to laws of
reflection when it is in position AB. If α is the glancing
angle as shown in figure, then the deviation suffered by
the reflected ray is given by ∠QOT = 2α

Suppose the plane mirror is rotated through angle θ so

that it comes in position A’B’. In this case, the incident ray
remains same but the glancing angle changes to
∠POA’ = θ + α
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PROJECT 2010-2011
 Suppose the ray of light after reflection follows the path
OQ’. Therefore , the deviation in the path of reflected ray
is given by
∠Q’OT = 2(θ + α)
Let Φ be the angle through which the reflected ray turns
on rotating the mirror through angle ө. Then

Φ = ∠Q’OQ

Φ = ∠Q’OT - ∠QOT
From above equations, we have
Φ = 2(θ +α) - 2α
Φ = 2θ
Hence if mirror is rotated through a certain angle, then
reflected ray rotates through double angle.

PROCEDURE
 Fix a white sheet on a drawing board with the help
of drawing pins.
 Draw the line AB and A’B’ inclined at angle ө on the
white paper.
 Draw a line PO making a suitable angle of incidence
with the normal ON to line AB. Also draw the normal
ON' to the line A’B’ .
 Now place the mirror on the line AB with the help of
mirror holder and fix two pins P and R at a distance
of 10 cm as shown in figure.
 Also fix two more pins Sand Q such that images of
pins P and R and pins Sand Q appear to be in the
same straight line.
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PROJECT 2010-2011
 Rotate the mirror AB to the position A'B' and fix the
pins S’ and Q’ such that images of the pins P and R and
the pins S‘ and Q' appear to be in the same straight
line.
 Join OSQ and OS'Q' and measure the angle ∠QOQ' by
using protractor.
 Repeat the experiment by taking different values of ө.
 Note the readings in the table given below.

OBSERVATIONS

S.NO. Angle of rotation of Angle of rotation of

plane mirror reflected ray
∠AOA i.e. θ ∠QOQ’ i.e. Φ
1
2
3
4

CONCLUSION
As per the observations, ∠QOQ' is twice of the
angle ∠AOA', it verifies that if plane mirror is turned
through a certain angle, the reflected ray turns through
double the angle.
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PROJECT 2010-2011
AIM
To demonstrate the difference between E.M.F. and
terminal potential difference of a cell.

MATERIALS REQUIRED
A primary cell (for example freshly prepared Leclanche
cell), a one way key, a resistance box (0 to 500 ohm) and a
high resistance voltmeter.

THEORY
It is defined as the maximum potential difference between
the two terminals of the cell when no current is drawn
from the cell. It is denoted by Ɛ and the S.I unit of emf is
volt
(joule per coulomb).

It is defined as the potential difference between the

terminals of a cell when the electric current is drawn from
the cell. It is denoted by V. the S.I unit of T.P.D. is also volt
(joule per coulomb).

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PROJECT 2010-2011
Consider a cell of emf E is connected across a resistance
R provided by a resistance box and a key K. As key K is
ON , an electric current I starts flowing in the circuit .
i.e. I = E / (R + r)
Where r is the internal resistance of the cell.
Or E = I (R + r)
Or E = iR + Ir
But the terminal potential difference of the cell i.e.,
V = iR
Thus we have
E = V + iR
From the above , it is observed that the emf of the cell is
greater than the terminal potential difference of the cell.
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PROJECT 2010-2011
PROCEDURE
 First of all draw a neat and labeled diagram as shown in
figure.
 By using sand paper, clean the ends of connection wire
to remove the insulation.
 Now arrange all the apparatus according to the electric
circuit diagram.
 Note down the list count of the volt meter.
 Keep the electric circuit open (i.e. keep the key in OFF
state) and observed the potential difference by volt
meter (that will be equal to the emf of the cell).
 Now take out some resistance (say 5 ohm) from the
resistance box and close the key K.
 Record the value of volt meter (that will be equal to the
terminal potential difference of the cell).
 Now repeat the steps (5) to (7) four more times for
different values of R (say 6 ohm, 7 ohm, 8 ohm & 9
ohm).
OBSERVATIONS
The least count of a voltmeter = …………… volt
Table for observations of E.M.F and T.P.D of a cell

S.NO. External The value of The value of T.P.D (

Resistance (R) E.M.F (when when key is ON ) in V
in Ω key is OFF ) in V
1
2
3
4
5

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CONCLUSION

From observation table, it is observed

that the emf of a cell is greater than
the terminal potential difference
across its terminals.

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PROJECT 2010-2011 12