Trivia Questions Packet

ACF Fall 2008: The Physical Impossibility of Joris-Karl Huysmans in the Mind of Someone Living
By Andrew Hart, Rob Carson, Trevor Davis, Ted Gioia, and Gautam Kandlikar
Ten tiebreaker tossups
1. When the parameter is set to one, it can be expanded as a series whose coefficients are Stieltjes constants, and it
can be evaluated using Parseval’s theorem. A generalization of it is called the Hurwitz function, and it resembles a
p-series. When evaluated at 2, it gives the solution to the Basel problem, and Ramanujan showed that it is equal to
minus one twelfths when evaluated at negative one. 1.5 million roots have been shown to lie on the critical strip, but
it is not known whether all roots have a real part 1/2, and this function is closely associated with the prime number
theorem. For 10 points, identify this function named for a German mathematician who has a namesake hypothesis
ANSWER: Riemann zeta function [prompt on partial]
2. He meditates on a cobblestone thrown at his grandmother on her wedding day because she married a Catholic in
his elegies, “Clearances,” which are found in his collection Haw Lantern, while his other works include Wintering
Out and Station Island. The speaker of one poem comments, “Between my finger . . . the squat pen rests; as snug as
a gun” while observing his father digging, and in the title poem of one work Mrs. Walls’ mundane explanation of
reproduction contrasts with his adventures in the “flax-dam” gathering frog spawn. For 10 points, identify this Irish
poet of Death of a Naturalist, who translated Beowulf.
ANSWER: Seamus Heaney
3. He fought with William the Rich until the Treaty of Venlo gave him the Duchy of Guelders, and with the help of
his sister Eleanor, the Queen of France, he secured the Peace of Crepy. He defeated Barbarossa to capture Tunis,
and he defeated the Schmalkaldic League at Muhlberg with the help of the Duke of Alba. His general Charles of
Lannoy secured the Treaty of Madrid for this man by defeating Francis I at Pavia. The son of Philip the Handsome
and Joanna the Mad, he issued an edict condemning Martin Luther after calling the Diet of Worms. For 10 points,
name this Habsburg father of Philip II who ruled both Spain and the Holy Roman Empire.
ANSWER: Charles V [or Charles I of Spain]
4. In one of this author’s stories, a mother prevents her daughter Dee from taking the family quilts from her younger
sister Maggie; that work is “Everyday Use.” This author wrote about Tashi, who murders the female circumciser
M’Lissa, and in another work Brownfeld has an affair at the Dew Drop Inn with his father’s lover Josie. In addition
to Possessing Secret Joy and The Third Life of Grange Copeland, in another work Corrine and Reverend Samuel
take in Nettie, while the protagonist is forced into an abusive marriage with Mr. [blank] before having a relationship
with Shug Avery. For 10 points, name this author who wrote about Celie in The Color Purple.
ANSWER: Alice Walker
5. One character in this play is wary of going to the city because he heard a story of a man dying from eating fifty
pancakes. Another character attempts to dismiss the old maid Anfisa and tries to force refugee victims of a local fire
out of the house under the pretense of protecting her baby Bobik. In the last act Baron Tuzenbach is killed by Solony
in a duel over one central character, while Captain Vershinin’s transfer to another post leaves one title character
trapped in her marriage to Kulygin. For 10 points, Irina, Olga, and Masha are the title characters of which Anton
Chekhov play?
ANSWER: The Three Sisters [or Tri sestry]
6. He oversaw the transition of the throne to his brother Pedro after the death of Duarte and pacified Leonor of
Aragon after her temper tantrum at Alemquer castle, and Gil Eanes rose to fame under this man. As an advisor to
Edward, he agreed to give Zala ben Zala's son back in exchange for the captured Ferdinand at the failed invasion of
Tangiers, though he was successful earlier in the capture of Ceuta. He was appointed governor of the Algrave
province, and this son of Joao I established a colony at the Vila do Infante near Cape Vincent which produced such
innovations as the caravel. For 10 points, identify this Portuguese prince best remembered for his love for exploring.
ANSWER: Henry the Navigator [or Infante Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu; or Henry the Seafarer]
7. Its translational motions are commonly called Slichter modes, and early models for it included a 450 km thick F-
layer on its exterior. An important discovery about its differential rotation was made by Dziewonski, and it was
hypothesized by Inge Lehmann in 1936. The cause of faster propagation of seismic waves parallel to earth’s rotation
axis in this region is uncertain, and its interactions with the region above it generate the earth’s magnetic field
according to the geodynamo theory. For 10 points, identify this region composed mainly of a iron-nickel alloy,
which may be found below the outer core.
ANSWER: inner core [prompt on core until “F-layer”]
8. This poet asks in one poem, “What to make of a diminished thing?” and the speaker of another poem discusses a
“luminary clock” that “proclaimed the time was neither wrong nor right” before asserting that he is “acquainted with
the night.” In addition to “Oven Bird” he wrote about a boy who has his hand cut off by a saw in “Out! Out!,” while
Silas is the title character of one poem, who is eventually found by Warren "huddled against the barn-door." The
speaker of another poem says his apples will never disturb his neighbor’s pine cones despite the maxim “good
fences make good neighbors.” For 10 points, name this poet of “Death of the Hired Man” and “Mending Wall.”
ANSWER: Robert Frost
9. This man’s works such as Israel and the Law and Frieze of Prophets were painted for the Triumph of Religion
series at the Boston Public Library. He painted portraits of Frederick Law Olmstead and Lady Agnew of Lochnaw,
in addition to depicting Evelyn, Mabel, and Mildred Vickers in The Misses Vickers. He also depicted soldiers
holding rifles walking in a file with bandages over their eyes in Gassed, while a better known work shows two girls
lighting Chinese lanterns and is called Carnation, Lily, Lily, Rose. Better known for a scandalous depiction of
Virginie Gautreau, for 10 points, identify this American artist of Madame X.
ANSWER: John Singer Sargent
10. Ancient forms of this material have been found to contain tetravalent uranium. Glendonite is an example of this
material which retains the shape of ikatite, which is itself a hydrated form of this mineral. Vaterite and aragonite are
polymorphs of this substance, which is used as the standard for 3 on Mohs hardness scale, and exhibits perfect
rhombohedral cleavage along 3 planes. A special example of it found in standing waters in caves is called Dogtooth
spar, and it is also found in marble and limestone. For 10 points, identify this mineral that is mostly made of calcium
carbonate.
ANSWER: calcite
By Andrew Hart, Rob Carson, Trevor Davis, Ted Gioia, and Gautam Kandlikar
Ten tiebreaker bonuses
1. Answer some questions about the election of 1872, for 10 points each.
[10] This man won reelection despite his administration being implicated in the Crédit Mobilier scandal earlier in
the year. He would repay the voters’ trust by having the administration of his second term implicated in the
Whiskey Ring.
ANSWER: Ulysses Simpson Grant
[10] This editor of the New York Tribune was the loser of the election, and he died within the month.
ANSWER: Horace Greeley
[10] Though he was also supported by the Democrats, Greeley was officially nominated by this splinter party of
Republicans dissatisfied with Grant’s policies. It ceased to exist after the election.
ANSWER: Liberal Republican Party
2. The spies Porpentine and Robin Goodfellow try to prevent “the balloon” from “going up” in this work’s section,
“Under the Rose.” For 10 points each:
[10] Meatball Mulligan hosts a party right below the sheltered apartment of Callisto, who is trying to nurse an
injured bird in “Entropy,” which is found in this short story collection.
ANSWER: Slow Learner
[10] Name this author of Slow Leaner, who wrote about Tyrone Slothrop in Gravity’s Rainbow. He also wrote
Vineland and V.
ANSWER: Thomas Pynchon
[10] In this Pynchon novel, the death of Pierce Inverarity leads Oedipa Maas to investigate the Tristero
Organization.
ANSWER: The Crying of Lot 49
3. They are composed mostly of protons, other atomic nuclei, and electrons. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this type of extraterrestrial radiation that continually bombards the earth.
ANSWER: cosmic rays
[10] Cosmic rays which do not escape the earth’s magnetic field get trapped in these regions named for an Iowa
scientist.
ANSWER: van Allen radiation belts
[10] Electrons spiraling in the direction of magnetic field lines produce this type of current named for a Norwegian
experimental astrophysicist, who demonstrated some curious results pertaining to aurorae with a terrella.
ANSWER: Kristian Birkeland
4. Name some functionaries present at the Congress of Vienna, for 10 points each.
[10] The congress was chaired by this Austrian minister who dominated European politics before being removed
from power in the Revolution of 1848. During the Napoleonic Wars, he worked to preserve balance of power.
ANSWER: Klemns Wenzel von Metternich
[10] Britain was originally represented by this Foreign Secretary who proposed the Congress system. Earlier, he had
resolved a political dispute with George Canning in the best way possible - by shooting him in a duel.
ANSWER: Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh [accept either]
[10] Prussia was represented by Hardenberg and this man who served as a diplomat until 1819, when he decided to
devote himself more to linguistics. His work is generally regarded as the basis of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.
ANSWER: Wilhelm von Humboldt
5. The absence of them can cause a delay in spindle elongation. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify these star shaped structures which extend from centrosomes at the poles of a dividing cell outwards
towards the cell cortex, and are not to be confused with polar microtubules.
ANSWER: aster [or astral microtubules]
[10] Asters help determine the plane of cleavage of during this final stage of mitosis, which follows telophase, and
results in two identical daughter nuclei.
ANSWER: cytokinesis
[10] Experiments suggest that microtubules shorten at the kinetochore ends during this phase when chromosomes
separate towards opposite poles of the cell
ANSWER: anaphase
6. Jean Tarrou convinces Raymond Rambert not to flee the titular phenomenon. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel in which Dr. Rieux tries to fight the titular outbreak in Oran.
ANSWER: The Plague [accept La Peste]
[10] He wrote about Clamence, who lectures a stranger on the correct way to drink while in a bar called Mexico City
in The Fall, but this Algerian is better known for writing The Plague.
ANSWER: Albert Camus
[10] D’Arrast helps a sailor carry a heavy rock in a church procession in Igaupe, Brazil in “The Growing Stone,”
which is featured along with “The Guest” and “The Adulterous Woman” in this Camus short story collection.
ANSWER: Exile and the Kingdom [or L’Exil et le royaume]
7. It resulted in troops led by Guillaume de Nogaret storming the papal residence at Anagni and holding Boniface
VIII captive for three days. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this papal bull issued by Boniface that proclaimed the supremacy of the church over temporal powers.
ANSWER: Unam sanctam
[10] Guillaume was acting on behalf of this French monarch, who provoked a long feud with Boniface by placing a
tax on the clergy.
ANSWER: Phillip the Fair or Phillip IV [accept Phillip I of Navarre]
[10] In further violation of papal authority, Phillip had Guillaume preside over some show trials of this military
order. He had their grandmaster, Jacques de Molay, burned at the stake.
ANSWER: Knights Templar [or Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon or Knights of the
Temple]
8. The general definition of this quality is synonymous with computability, and canonical uses of it include solving
the Towers of Hanoi and computing factorials. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this term given to functions that call themselves, often contrasted with iterative functions.
ANSWER: recursive functions [accept recursivity, recursiveness, recursion, or other word forms]
[10] This type of recursive function, in which the last operation of the function is a recursive call, can easily be
converted into an equivalent iterative function.
ANSWER: tail-end recursion
[10] This function is the most prominent example of those that are generally recursive but not primitive recursive,
and is noted for its incredibly fast rate of growth. It’s symbolized A(m,n). [a of m and n]
ANSWER: Ackermann-Peter function
9. It features a number of hood-ornament-shaped gargoyles, and its thousand-foot spire was assembled in secret
inside it. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this William van Alen-designed Manhattan skyscraper which became the tallest building in the world
in 1930 but was quickly surpassed by the Empire State Building.
ANSWER: Chrysler Building
[10] The Chrysler building is an example of this artistic movement, a reaction to the detail of Art Nouveau.
ANSWER: Art Deco
[10] This black-and-gold Art Deco building in Manhattan was converted into the Bryant Park Hotel in 1998. It was
notably painted “at Night” by Georgia O’Keeffe.
ANSWER: American Radiator Building
10. This compound is present in large amounts in seeds undergoing maturation, and maintains said seeds in
dormancy. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this plant hormone, which was first discovered while studying how leaves fall off in deciduous trees.
ANSWER: abscisic acid [or ABA; or dormin; or abscisin II]
[10] Abscisic acid works by antagonizing growth hormones such as these, which stimulate cell elongation, and also
govern phototropism and geotropism. Their best known member is indoleacetic acid.
ANSWER: auxin
[10] Auxins are produced in this undifferentiated tissue, which comes in apical and lateral forms. The apical type is
located at the tip of roots or shoot buds.
ANSWER: meristem
Packet by Andrew Hart
Tossups
1. A Meckel’s diverticulum is a small congenital bulge found on this organ, and Giardiasis is caused when the
Giardia protozoan coats the inner lining of this organ. Cortisol can inhibit the loss of sodium in this organ, which is
the most posterior organ controlled by the vagus nerve. One part of this organ contains lymphoid tissue known as
Peyer’s Patches. Another part of this organ contains Meissner’s plexus and Brunner’s glands and receives secretions
from the liver and pancreas via the Sphincter of Oddi. Like the esophagus, this organ transports food via peristalsis.
Containing the ileum, jejunum, and duodenum, for 10 points, name this organ between the stomach and the colon.
ANSWER: the small intestine [prompt on duodenum or jejunum before “Peyer’s”; prompt on ileum before
“Oddi”; prompt on intestine]
2. This author wrote a bizarre work that juxtaposes a biography of James Buchanan with the titular President in
Memories of the Ford Administration. One novel by this author discusses Piet Hanema’s philandering, while another
culminates when a Buick stalls on an icy hill, and relates the sacrifices that George Caldwell makes so his son can
be an artist. This author of Couples and The Centaur wrote a work that deals with a Magi-Peel salesman whose wife
Janice drowns their baby Rebecca June, and who is a former high school basketball hotshot. For 10 points, name this
man, who wrote about a man surnamed “Angstrom” in his trilogy that begins with Rabbit, Run.
ANSWER: John Hoyer Updike
3. This man’s second symphony uses the folk song “Long, Long Ago” as one theme, and he left an unfinished
Universe Symphony. A tremolando underlies the second movement of his fourth symphony, which draws from “The
Celestial Railroad,” and he synthesized jazz, rag, “Hello My Baby,” and Sousa’s “Washington Post” in a piece
meant to evoke the nightlife of New York. He composed a work in which a solo trumpet asks the “Perennial
Question of Existence,” and another that contains the movement “Putnam’s Camp.” Central Park in the Dark and
The Unanswered Question are by, for 10 points, this American composer of Three Places in New England.
ANSWER: Charles Ives
4. This method’s breakdown is the subject of the DeRosier problem. The zone of equilibrium in this technique is
known as a “theoretical plate,” and one type of this process uses a spinning band of Teflon. One setup for using this
technique is called the Perkin triangle, which can be used when air-sensitive compounds are subjected to the
“vacuum” type of this. One technique for performing this can use a Vigreaux column, or the cheaper Liebeg
condenser. Many types of this process do not work with deviants from Raoult’s Law, or azeotropes. For 10 points,
name this method of separating mixtures based on differences in volatilities, which has a “fractional” type.
ANSWER: distillation
5. One episode in this novel sees a man decide to stop praying after he bonks his nose on the ground and precious
gems fall out of it. The protagonist’s grandparents met because he was her doctor, but he was only allowed to see
various parts of her body through a sheet with a small hole cut in it. The protagonist’s wife is referred to as a “dung
princess,” and another character married to Wee Willie Winkie dies after childbirth. Mary Pereira causes the central
child-swapping in this work, which includes characters like William Methwold, Aadam Aziz, and the Brass
Monkey. For 10 points, name this novel about Saleem Sinai, who was born at the title hour, by Salman Rushdie.
ANSWER: Midnight’s Children
6. As a lawyer, this politician argued on behalf of the Second Bank of the U.S. in the Supreme Court case Osborn v.
U.S. He pierced John Randolph’s coat in a duel, and he used Friedrich List’s ideas to develop his protectionist
economic system. This man finished fourth in an election year that saw William Crawford earn votes despite
suffering a debilitating stroke, and he swung the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams over Andrew
Jackson in a move that lead to his appointment as Secretary of State in the “Corrupt Bargain.” For 10 points, name
this man known as the “Great Compromiser,” a longtime Kentucky senator behind the Compromise of 1850.
ANSWER: Henry Clay
7. One realm associated with this figure is generally believed to be the planet Jupiter, and was called Nibiru. His
chariot was drawn by four horses named Trampler, Haste, Pitiless, and Killer, and this figure’s father led Mummu
by a nose-rope just before his birth. He built a palace called Esharra, and his weapons include the Abuba, Imhullu,
and a net that Anu gave him. This figure killed Kingu, whose blood Ninhursag used to create the first human. His
father is a water deity called Ea, and he earned the Tablets of Destiny after killing a dragon that represented the sea.
For 10 points, name this patron god of Babylon, the slayer of Tiamat.
ANSWER: Marduk [or Bel]
8. The protagonist of this work earns a pile in a loaning business started with principle won from an essay contest.
The protagonist was once beaten with a stump when he claimed that Byron was better than Tennyson, and gets in a
long debate with the Master of Studies over using the word “tundish” instead of “funnel.” This work includes an
argument in which Mr. Casey claims to have hocked a tobacco-laced loogey in the face of a Catholic, much to Dante
Riordan’s chagrin. Its protagonist is spurred to holiness by Father Arnall’s hellish sermon, and it begins with a story
about a “moocow” and “Baby Tuckoo.” For 10 points, name this work about Stephen Dedalus, by James Joyce.
ANSWER: A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man
9. Like another polity under Margaret, this polity was harassed by the pesky Likedeelers, who arose from the
defeated Victual Brothers. This polity acquired a London steelyard in a deal brokered with Henry IV at Utrecht. It
fought a war with the Netherlands that ended when Christopher of Batavia crushed a peasant uprising, leading to the
Treaty of Copenhagen. It set up posts known as kontors, and this polity captured Visby, which led to the signing of
the Treaty of Stralsund with Valdemar IV, granting it fifteen percent of Denmark’s shipping profits. For 10 points,
name this northern European trading alliance.
ANSWER: the Hanseatic League [or Hansa]
10. One of the figures at the left of this painting stares at the title figure while clutching a large vase. The central
figure’s bare foot pokes out from behind some blue satin in front of a green pillow stacked atop a red pillow in the
bottom center of this work. A bare-chested, toga-clad man unrolls a scroll in the bottom right, and he stands next to
a single white column. The central female rests her hand on her breast in front of her brown braided ponytail, and is
looking down at an enormous baby that is sprawled out across her lap. For 10 points, name this work by
Parmigianino that depicts the infant Christ held by a lengthily-trunked Mary.
ANSWER: Madonna of the Long Neck [accept Madonna with the Long Neck; prompt on Madonna dal Collo
Longo]
11. Henri Bergson wrote a dissertation on this man’s “Conception of Place,” and Porphyry penned the Isogage, a
commentary on one of this man’s works. Roger Bacon’s Opus Major and Opus Minor criticized this man, and he
wrote a work that states that young men are not well-suited to listen to discussions of right and wrong. Another of
his works defines nature as a principle of change, while another contrasts the theories of Hippodemus and Plato. He
also wrote a work that emphasizes plot and claims that recognition is the key to producing catharsis. For 10 points,
name this philosopher of the Nichomachean Ethics, Physics, Politics, and Poetics.
ANSWER: Aristotle
12. Henry Knighton’s chronicle provides a harsh primary source view of this group, who were the namesake of a
“pit” of corpses in Thorpe Wood. John Scrivener was one of this group’s leaders, and Thomas Harding was
executed for his involvement with them. This group was targeted for extermination when Sir John Oldcastle used its
ideals as support for a rebellion against Henry V, and one offshoot of this group petitioned Parliament with the
“Twelve Conclusions,” which were posted on the door’s of St. Paul’s. For 10 points, name this group that called for
the reform of the Catholic Church in Britain, led by John Wycliffe.
ANSWER: Lollards [accept Wycliffites early]
13. Laszlo Tisza proposed a model to explain the first instance of this phenomenon. One material that exhibits this
property has a curiously negative-sloping liquid-solid line on a phase diagram, and therefore can undergo
Pomeranchuk cooling. Substances with this property can produce a Rollin film, and one model to explain this
property posits an excitation that forms a roton. Quantum soundwaves remove internal resistance to movement in a
model of this property postulated by Lev Landau, who proposed that it takes place below the “lambda point.” For 10
points, name this property exhibited by certain Helium isotopes that occurs when all viscosity vanishes.
ANSWER: superfluidity [accept word forms]
14. This is the surname of the Dodge Viper-driving alter-ego of Sherman Klump in the Eddie Murphy vehicle The
Nutty Professor. Another character with this surname frequently masturbates with a lightsaber, and takes her
surname from a Teresa Graves blaxploitation film entitled Get Christie [this surname]!. One family with this
surname has produced an Oregon Athletic Hall of Famer named Stan, a man co-credited with writing “Fun, Fun,
Fun” named Mike, and a fifth overall NBA pick who was traded from the Grizzlies for O.J. Mayo. For 10 points,
name this surname shared by Drawn Together’s Foxxy and former UCLA star forward Kevin.
ANSWER: Love
15. In certain situations, the Ergun and Forchheimer expressions effectively model these entities, and the Richards
equation can model transport within them. The confined type lies completely within the vadose zone, and their yield
per unit decline in hydraulic head is known as “storativity.” Sodium intrusion is a common problem in these entities
if they are located in coastal areas. Massive examples in the U.S. include the Mahomet and the Ogallala ones, and
when these entities meet the surface, artesian wells form. For 10 points, name these porous rocks that contain
underground water reservoirs.
ANSWER: aquifers
16. Act I of this opera sees a man standing watch keep from falling asleep by singing a ditty about “my girl,” who
would “like the trumpery” of storms. One aria translates as “Will that day” and sees Erik pine for his lost love, who
is introduced in a scene that sees a chorus of spinners sing “Spin, spin fair maiden.” One character proposes a
marriage to his daughter in the aria “May you my child,” and the title character tells of his fate in the aria “Die Frist
ist um.” Daland offers his daughter Senta to the title character of this opera, who is cursed to spend seven years at a
time at sea. For 10 points, name this opera about the title ghost-sailor, by Richard Wagner.
ANSWER: The Flying Dutchman [accept Der fliegende Hollander]
17. This man argued that labor leaders are appeased by “bread and butter” policies, and thus work with business
leaders in his The New Men of Power. One of his works was based on conversations he had with Che Guevara and
Fidel Castro, while another attempted to reform his discipline to be more social and personal. This author of Listen
Yankee and The Sociological Imagination discussed the “salesmanship mentality” that causes alienation in a work
about “The American Middle Classes,” and he detailed the relationships between the military, corporate leaders, and
politicians in another. For 10 points, name this American sociologist who wrote White Collar and The Power Elite.
ANSWER: Charles Wright Mills
18. This man allegedly was buried in a coffin of pure ivory in Gur-e Amir, and his legendary calligrapher Omar
Aqta supposedly wrote the entire Quran on a ring. His grandson Shah Rokh tried to reunite his empire, which was
expanded when he beat Mahmud Tughluq at the Second Battle of Panipat. He kidnapped the artisans of Damascus
and fought the Knights of Rhodes at Smyrna, and he supported Tokhtamysh against Russia. Also conducting a
notorious sacking of Dehli, for 10 points, name this fourteenth century Turkic conqueror, noted for constructing
giant-ass pyramids of human skulls, and for being crippled.
ANSWER: Tamerlane [or Timur the Lame; or Emir Timur]
19. The Two Admirers attempt to get a peek at the title character in this man’s work The Leader, and he wrote a
work in which Jack and Roberta are ordered to go to “the hatching,” The Future is in Eggs. One of his works sees
the title character lure victims to their drowning death by offering to show them “A picture of the colonel.” In
addition to The Killer, one of his plays deals with the dinner party conversations between the Fire Chief and the title
character, who always wears her hair in the same style, while another features Berenger, who refuses to turn into the
title beast. For 10 points, name this absurdist playwright who wrote The Bald Soprano and Rhinoceros.
ANSWER: Eugene Ionesco
20. This belief teaches that the Earth and moon split apart sometime after the creation, which occurred at least 76
trillion years ago, and it also asserts that Earth was once home to a supercontinent simply called “Asia.” It holds that
a passage in Ezekiel about a wheel “gleaming of beryl” is actually describing the “Mother Plane,” a spaceship that
cost fifteen billion dollars in gold to construct. This religion’s creation story holds that 6,000 years ago, a scientist
named Dr. Yakub grafted a light race into existence, and its theology also claims that God appeared in July 1930 to
W. Fard Muhammad. For 10 points, name this offshoot of a major monotheistic religion, led by Louis Farrakhan.
ANSWER: the Nation of Islam [or Ummah al-Islamu; prompt on NOI]
TB. This state is home to Don Knacht’s backyard island castle in its fine town of Junction City, while its namesake
“Cosmosphere” and underground salt museum are both found in this state’s city of Hutchinson. This state’s largest
city is home to an independent minor league baseball team called the Wingnuts, and Forts Larned and Scott are
located in this state. Its largest city’s suburbs include Derby, El Dorado, and Maize, and that city includes the
Quaker-aligned Friends University. The Missouri River forms a few miles of this state’s border with Missouri, and
some of its cities include Lawrence and Lecompton. For 10 points, name this state, home of Wichita and Topeka.
ANSWER: Kansas
Packet by Andrew Hart
Bonuses
1. Name some things about those low-carb treats, sandwich wraps, for 10 points each.
[10] You can garnish your wrap from this drive-in restaurant with crispy bacon, cheese, or hot chili. This restaurant
relies on the sardonic humor two car-bound diners in ads for its “Sausage Biscuit Dippers” and “Brown Bag
Special,” and is noted for its specialty drink items.
ANSWER: Sonic Drive-In [or Sonic Corporation]
[10] This delicious Taco Bell product features the usual Bell fixin's piled between two flat, round, hard taco shells,
then wrapped in a soft tortilla shell and placed on a grill press, creating a disk-shaped delectable that’s “good to go.”
ANSWER: Crunchwrap Supreme [prompt on Crunchwrap]
[10] This current manager of Japan’s Chiba Lotte Marines and former Mets skipper claims to have invented the
sandwich wrap at his namesake restaurant and sports bar.
ANSWER: Robert John “Bobby” Valentine
2. The title character of this novel attempts to scheme the Bernal family out of its lands. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel in which a Mexican business tycoon recounts his life from his deathbed.
ANSWER: The Death of Artemio Cruz [or La muerte de Artemio Cruz]
[10] This Mexican author of Where the Air is Clear and Christopher Unborn wrote The Death of Artemio Cruz.
ANSWER: Carlos Fuentes Macias
[10] Carlos Fuentes also wrote a novel called The Old Gringo, which recounts the death of this author, who is
supposedly trying to track down Pancho Villa. This man wrote The Devil’s Dictionary.
ANSWER: Ambrose Gwinnett Bierce
3. Some of these entities worshiped American servicemen like John Frum. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these groups dedicated to worshiping people who bring them technologically advanced goods, often
found when societies on isolated islands like Vanuatu first interact with other cultures.
ANSWER: cargo cults
[10] Some cargo cults create imitations of airplanes or ships, known as the sympathetic form of this phenomenon,
which is the subject of The Golden Bough.
ANSWER: magic
[10] Wikipedia notes that cargo cults are similar to UFO cults, such as this one led by Marshall Applewhite. Their
38 members committed suicide, supposedly to board the spaceship responsible for the 1997 appearance of the Hale-
Bopp comet.
ANSWER: Heaven’s Gate
4. This concept was coined in the 1963 paper “Cogito et histoire de la folie.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this concept, the implication that words take their meaning by what they are not. This concept also
implies that one member of a binary pair such as “dark” and “light” is superior.
ANSWER: différance [pronounced dee-FAIR-ahnce; but accept reasonable pronuncations]
[10] Différance is a creation of this French philosopher, who also created the idea of Deconstruction and wrote Of
Grammatology.
ANSWER: Jacques Derrida
[10] Derrida’s early works were concerned with this philosophy that analyzes consciousness, and how man
perceives the world. Developed by Husserl, Merleau-Ponty wrote about this concept “of Perception.”
ANSWER: phenomenology
5. This empire had its capital at Koumbi Saleh. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this West African empire that was also known as Wagadou.
ANSWER: Ghana Empire
[10] The modern-day country of Ghana is the home of this former Secretary General of the U.N., whose son Kojo
allegedly abused the Iraq Oil-for-Food Program.
ANSWER: Kofi Atta Annan
[10] Modern-day Ghana wasn’t home to the Ghana Empire, but it was home to this kingdom that was conquered by
the British, whose rulers sat upon the Golden Stool.
ANSWER: the Ashanti empire/kingdom/whatever [accept Asante; or Ashanti Confederation; or Asanteman]
6. Like Ron Paul, the title character of this novel is a slut for gold, but unlike the doctor, his is stolen by Duncan
Cass, who flees into a quarry and falls to his death, unbeknownst to everyone. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel in which the title “Weaver of Raveloe” adopts a girl named Eppie.
ANSWER: Silas Marner: The Weaver of Raveloe
[10] This author of Middlemarch and Felix Holt wrote Silas Marner.
ANSWER: George Eliot [or Mary Ann Evans; accept Marian Evans]
[10] The title carpenter of this Eliot work lusts after Hetty Sorel, who kills the illegitimate baby she had with Arthur
Donnithorne. Everything works out in the end for the title character, who marries the good-hearted Dinah Morris.
ANSWER: Adam Bede
7. This scientist gives his name to equations for the motion of a rigid body in an ideal fluid. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this German, who also names a law of thermal radiation that states the emissivity of a body equals its
absorptivity. He often worked with Robert Bunsen.
ANSWER: Gustav Robert Kirchoff
[10] Kirchoff is also the namesake of a “loop” rule, and of a rule about this, which states the current entering one of
them must equal the current flowing out of it.
ANSWER: a junction [accept node]
[10] Kirchoff is also the namesake of three empirical laws about observing the spectra of these perfect absorbers of
light, whose thermal radiation can be described by the Rayleigh-Jeans law.
ANSWER: black body
8. This musician composed a piano suite titled after some butterflies, Papillons. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this German composer of Carnaval and Kreisleriana.
ANSWER: Robert Charles Schumann
[10] Schumann’s third symphony bears this name, because it depicts the folksy goodness of the title river.
ANSWER: Rhenish
[10] Schumann’s first symphony is named for this season, which also names a work by Benjamin Britten that is a
setting of the poetry of Spenser, Peele, and Auden.
ANSWER: Spring
9. This politician led a namesake “brigade” of 5,000 women to D.C. to protest the Vietnam War in 1968. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this pacifist, the first female member of Congress.
ANSWER: Jeannette Rankin
[10] Rankin hailed from this Western state, which like its neighbor Wyoming, was an early advocate of women’s
suffrage.
ANSWER: Montana
[10] This New Yorker was the first black woman to be elected to Congress, and also the first to run for a major-party
nomination for President.
ANSWER: Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm
10. The problems in this novel begin when Arthur Shelby sells the title character down the river. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel about the tribulations of little Eva St. Clair, who is aided by the title character.
ANSWER: Uncle Tom’s Cabin
[10] This author of The Minister’s Wooing wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
ANSWER: Harriet Beecher Stowe
[10] Harriet Beecher Stowe is an American regionalist author, much like this New Orleans denizen who penned Old
Creole Days and The Grandissimes.
ANSWER: George Washington Cable
11. This lab technique generally requires a burette. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this technique for finding the unknown concentration of a known reactant, which often requires an
indicator.
ANSWER: titration
[10] This indicator commonly used in titrations is clear until a pH around 8.2, and turns pink thereafter.
ANSWER: phenolphthalein [accept C-20 H-14 O-4; or phph]
[10] A type of titration that does not require an indicator uses this type of reaction, in which the oxidation numbers
of some of the reactants change.
ANSWER: redox [or oxidation-reduction; or reduction-oxidation; accept all with “titration” at the end]
12. This figure was the last of his race, and tutored such figures as Aeneas. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this figure, who exchanged his immortality to free Prometheus from his bondage.
ANSWER: Chiron [or Cheiron]
[10] Chiron was a member of this race of beings, who are half-horse.
ANSWER: centaurs
[10] One of Chiron’s star pupils was this mythical healer, who was the son of Apollo and Coronis and was killed
with a thunderbolt after he kept resurrecting people for gold, much like Ron Paul.
ANSWER: Asclepius
13. Name some ancient statues of female goddesses, for 10 points each.
[10] Despite being a Greek statue, this work, thought to be sculpted by Alexander of Antioch, is usually called a
Roman name. Its lopped-off arms may have clutched an apple.
ANSWER: Venus de Milo [or Aphrodite of Milos]
[10] This now-headless winged figure is thrusting forward as if on the prow of a ship. It depicts the goddess Nike.
ANSWER: Winged Victory of Samothrace [accept Nike of Samothrace]
[10] This Praxiteles work shows a love goddess holding a robe above an urn, shielding her pubis with her right hand.
ANSWER: Aphrodite of Cnidus [prompt on Aphrodite]
14. The Importation Acts of 1815 and 1846 laid out these laws. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these mercantilist laws that prohibited the importation of a certain staple crop.
ANSWER: the Corn Laws
[10] The Corn Laws were finally repealed when this man read his Bill of Repeal for the third time in Parliament.
ANSWER: Sir Robert Peel
[10] The Anti-Corn Law League was a creation of John Bright and this aptly-named man, whom Peel credited as the
driving force behind the Corn Laws’ repeal.
ANSWER: Richard Cobden
15. This man wrote about followers of Muhammad in Islam Observed. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this anthropologist who pioneered “thick description” in his Interpretation of Cultures.
ANSWER: Clifford James Geertz
[10] Perhaps the best-known essay in Geertz’s Interpretation of Cultures is called “Deep Play,” and discusses this
Balinese practice, which involves some animals that duke it out.
ANSWER: the Balinese cockfight [accept obvious equivalents]
[10] Geertz wrote an article about how he was “anti-anti-” this “ism,” which claims that there is no absolute
definition of “culture,” and thus that culture should be viewed in its own terms.
ANSWER: cultural relativism [accept “Anti-Anti-Relativism; do not accept “moral relativism” or any other kind
of relativism]
16. When these systems are in the line of sight of the viewer, they undergo maximum and minimum periods of light
and are called the “eclipsing” type. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these systems of two objects that revolve around one another.
ANSWER: binary stars [accept binary systems]
[10] The regions around a binary system in which each star exerts gravitational influence on orbiting material are
known as this man’s “lobes.” His “limit” is the minimum radius at which a satellite can orbit without being
destroyed by tidal forces.
ANSWER: Eduard Albert Roche
[10] Astrometric binaries are found by taking observations and applying the three empirical laws named for this
man, one of which states that rotating bodies sweep out equal area in equal time.
ANSWER: Johannes Kepler
17. This artistic movement’s second-in-command was Franz Marc, who painted Fighting Forms. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this German expressionistic movement named after a painting that shows a man in a certain color atop a
galloping white horse.
ANSWER: The Blue Rider [or Der Blaue Reiter]
[10] This Russian, who painted The Blue Rider and wrote the treatise On the Spiritual in Art, was the leader of the
movement.
ANSWER: Wassily Kandinsky
[10] Der Blaue Reiter was the second major movement in German expressionism. The first was this group that
revived the lithograph and had such members as Fritz Bleyl, Ernst Kirchner, and Otto Mueller.
ANSWER: Die Brucke [or The Bridge]
18. Name some battles from the Hundred Years’ War, for 10 points each.
[10] Occurring on St. Crispin’s day, this battle was a huge win for Henry V, who fed the French a steady diet of
arrows from his horde of longbowmen. Charles d’Albret lost it for the French.
ANSWER: Battle of Agincourt
[10] Saint Joan of Arc is generally considered the “Maid” of this siege, which saw Salisbury, Shrewsbury, and
Suffolk lose.
ANSWER: Siege of Orleans
[10] France couldn’t really invade England during the war because most of their ships were destroyed in this naval
engagement, fought off Flanders.
ANSWER: Battle of Sluys
19. This author never completed the Letter to Posterity that was to conclude his Epistolae familiars. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this Italian poet, who wrote a verse epic about Scipio Africanus creatively titled Africa.
ANSWER: Petrarch [or Francesco Petrarca]
[10] One of Petrarch’s major innovations was his namesake style of this poetic form, which has fourteen lines.
Petrarch’s namesake kind is separated into an octave and sestet.
ANSWER: sonnets [or sonnettos]
[10] Petrarch chronicled his unrequited love for Laura in this “Song Book” that contains a lot of sonnets and a
handful of other poetic forms. It takes its alternate name from the phrase “scattered rhymes” in its first poem.
ANSWER: Il Canzoniere [accept Rime Sparse]
20. This domain was proposed by Carl Weiss, who studied its organisms extensively. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this domain of a very old type of single-celled organism.
ANSWER: archaea [or archaebacteria]
[10] Archaebacteria are thought to be the evolutionary precursors to these types of organisms, whose cells have
membrane-bound organelles. Animals, plants, fungi, and protists are all this kind of organism,
ANSWER: eukaryotes [or eukaryotic]
[10] Originally, archaea were thought to be limited to this type of organism, which live in intense conditions like
volcanic springs, very hot temperatures, or excessive pHs.
ANSWER: extremophiles
Packet by Brown
Edited by Andrew Hart, Rob Carson, Trevor Davis, Ted Gioia, and Gautam Kandlikar
Tossups
1. One chapter of this novel takes on two opposing voices, one of which praises Sir Ernest Oppenheimer and another
which regrets that Beresford has such great oratory skills. John Harrison, who is Mary’s brother, is left a sizable
check for his boy’s club, while its protagonist leaves Mrs. Lithebe’s house after Johannes Pafuri and Matthew are
acquitted for lack of evidence. Its plot had been set in motion after Theophilus Msimangu sent a letter revealing that
Gertrude was ill, causing its protagonist to discover that Absalom had shot Arthur Jarvis. As a result, Reverend
Stephen Kumalo’s son is hanged at the conclusion of, for 10 points, which novel by Alan Paton?
ANSWER: Cry, the Beloved Country
2. Alopen wrote a series of these texts with titles like Cause, Effect, and Salvation that are collectively known as the
“Lost” ones of Jesus. One of these texts claims that even four lines of it incorporated into one’s sabhana will lead to
blessing, and takes the form of a dialogue between Subhuti and another person. Another of these texts tells a story
about a man who convinces his children to leave a burning house by bribing them with toys, illustrating upaya, or
“expedient means,” and claims that the Bodhisattva must strive for Buddhic wisdom. For 10 points, identify these
religious texts, such as the Mahayana Diamond and Lotus ones, as well as the Kama one, a love manual.
ANSWER: sutras
3. An uprising in this locale against Joseph Radetzky was known as this city’s “Five Days.” The Diet of Roncaglia
was called after a defeat of this city, though forces from here would later win the Battle of Legnano. The Treaty of
Campo Formio recognized it as capital of the new Cisalpine Republic under Napoleon. Charles VIII of France was
encouraged to invade Italy by a ruler of this city whose swarthy complexion resulted in him being called “Il Moro,”
and it was home to a coalition that fought Frederick Barbarossa, the Lombard League. For 10 points, name this city
whose Duchy was established by the Visconti family and later ruled by Sforza family.
ANSWER: Milan
4. One character in this work tells a story about being courted by Edgar Atkins Teagarden from Jasper, Georgia, and
every Saturday, he would bring her a watermelon with his initials carved into it, while dining at “The Tower,” which
is run by Red Sammy Butts, who declares the title phrase. A story about a house with a secret panel leads to an
incident where Pitty Sing leaps out of her basket and lands on Bailey’s shoulder. Hiram and Bobby Lee take the
children John Wesley and June Starr into the woods despite the pleas of the grandmother, in, for 10 points, this short
story about a family that is murdered by the Misfit, written by Flannery O’Connor.
ANSWER: “A Good Man is Hard to Find”
5. In an April fool’s column, Martin Gardner claimed that "e to the pi radical 163" is one of these. The Eisenstein
ones are proper supersets that are extended with complex numbers. They form an Abelian group when endowed
with addition and a commutative ring when endowed with addition and multiplication, but they are not a field, as
they lack multiplicative inverses. As a set, they have cardinality "aleph 0", although they cannot be enumerated
monotonically. The floor and ceiling functions yield, for 10 points, what type or numbers represented with a bold
“Z,” the set that is exactly the union of the natural numbers, their additive inverses, and zero.
ANSWER: integers
6. Pausanias claimed that this figure was raised by either Temenos or by the daughters of Asterion, and she was once
seduced on the mountain of Thornax. She once sent a plague to ravage Aegina, after which the island’s ants were
turned into men. She also ordered Tethys to prevent Ursa Major and Minor from dropping below the horizon, as she
held a grudge against Callisto. This cow-eyed deity also turned Lamia into a child-eating monster and ordered Argus
to guard Io, and her children with her husband include Hebe and Ares. The peacock is sacred to, for 10 points, which
daughter of Cronus and Rhea, the wife of Zeus and queen of the Greek gods?
ANSWER: Hera [accept Juno until, say, “Greek”]
7. This city’s shopping district is located south of Folkungagatan and is cleverly called “SoFo,” and its Normmalm
district houses its Royal Opera House. An obelisk designed by Jan Louis Desprez is found on Slottsbacken street,
which also houses the Royal Palace designed by Tessin. Home to the Moderna Museet, it is the namesake of a large
archipelago containing Beckholmen and Vaxholm. The Riddarfjarden bay juts into this largest city located near
Lake Malaren, which also overlooks the Baltic Sea. Often called “Venice of the North,” for 10 points, identify this
city home to the annual Nobel Prize banquet and capital of Sweden.
ANSWER: Stockholm
8. This man’s presidency saw the establishment of the Naval Academy at Annapolis by his first Navy Secretary,
George Bancroft. He was nominated with the help of Robert Walker, his future Treasury Secretary and tariff
namesake, who reinstated the need for support of two-thirds of convention delegates. He was thus able to win the
nomination over James Buchanan, who became his Secretary of State, as well as pre-convention favorite Martin Van
Buren. He then won the general election over Henry Clay. For 10 points, name this man whose term saw the
signing of the Oregon Treaty and the Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo, a “dark horse” who was elected in 1844.
ANSWER: James Knox Polk
9. A man in armor stands in a boat kissing a naked woman in his Deliverance of Arsinoe. Angels radiate out in
circular rows in his largest painting, Paradise, which was executed with help from his son Domenico, and a figure
sucks at a woman’s breast, causing stars to fly out, in his Origin of the Milky Way. He painted the ceiling of Scuola
di San Rocco, and St. Mark descends from the sky in an orange cape in his Miracle of the Slave. Another of his
works is housed in the San Giorgio Maggiore and depicts angels circling a chandelier and depicts the title act on a
diagonal axis. For 10 points, name this late Renaissance painter of The Last Supper whose name means "little dyer."
ANSWER: Tintoretto [or Jacopo Robusti]
10. Nelson Goodman created two portmanteaux words that describe these entities in his article "Fact, Fiction, and
Forecast," and George Berkeley argued that these entities are the "proper and immediate objects of sight... are not
without the mind" in his Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision. John Locke used the example of light falling on
porphyry to demonstrate how these entities are secondary qualities in his Essay Concerning Human Understanding,
and a blank in their spectrum was offered by Hume as a counterexample to his "Copy Principle." For 10 points,
name these entities, the subject of a theoretical treatise by Goethe, examples of which include red, and blue.
ANSWER: colors [accept blue and green before “Berkeley”]
11. This man proposed a number system that used 2i as a base, and he wrote a paper about the evolution of refrains
from rich ballads entitled “The Complexity of Songs.” This primary developer of the MMIX (em-mix) architecture
names a string-searching algorithm with Morris and Pratt, and his solution to the exact cover problem is known as
“Algorithm X.” He developed a method of displaying repeated exponentiation called his namesake “up-arrow
notation,” and he sends reward checks for errors found in his books. For 10 points, name this “father of algorithm
analysis” and developer of the typesetting language TeX (tek), the author of The Art of Computer Programming.
ANSWER: Donald Ervin Knuth
12. On this show, Joel Murray portrayed a character who plays Mozart on his pants zipper, Freddy Rumsen. The
office of a Robert Morse-portrayed character on this show contains a print of The Dream of the Fisherman's Wife,
and that character once advised the protagonist not to fire a character who envied Ken Cosgrove’s writing ability,
Pete Campbell. It used The Decemberists' The Infanta in the opening of one episode, which showed Betty, Joan, and
Peggy dressing for their days as housewife, office manager, and copy writer. For 10 points, name this AMC drama
set in the 60s, which stars Jon Hamm as Don Draper, an employee at the Madison Avenue ad firm Sterling Cooper.
ANSWER: Mad Men
13. Matthew Marryott inspired an alteration to them contained in Knatchbull’s Act, while the creation of Select
Vestries was allowed by ones named for William Sturges Bourne. One of them contained the so-called “bastardly
clause”, and books on them were written by Beatrice and Sydney Webb. An amendment to one of them created the
Speenhamland system, and they were replaced by the Local Government Act of 1929. The Old one was passed
under Elizabeth I, while the New one of 1834 ended outdoor relief and led to a scandal at Andover, one of many
workhouses. For 10 points, name this series of British laws that established a welfare state.
ANSWER: Poor laws [accept workhouses before “Sturges Bourne” is read]
14. With Herve Raynaud, this man wrote about the axioms of diversity, symmetry, and positive responsiveness. He
is credited with developing the first learning-by-doing model, and he co-authored Existence of a Competitive
Equilibrium for a Competitive Economy with Gerard Debreu. A type of risk aversion is named after Pratt and this
man, and he developed a result similar to the Gibbard-Satterthwaite theorem which relies on independence of
irrelevant alternatives and non-dictatorship. For 10 points, name this author of Social Choice and Individual Values,
who stated that some voting systems cannot fairly rank candidates in his namesake “Impossibility Theorem.”
ANSWER: Kenneth Arrow
15. In the Corey-Bakshi-Shibata catalyst, an atom of it is attached to a pyrrole ring, an oxygen atom, and a toluene
group. This element’s acids are combined with amines and ketones in the Petasis reaction and in combining alkyl
halides through the Suzuki coupling. Complexes containing it are called sido or arachno according to Wade’s rules,
and a more famous reaction using it is sometimes named for Herbert Brown. Mined from the ore Uletite, its silicate
was once used in making hard glass for manufacturing laboratory equipment. For 10 points, name this element that
participates in an anti-markonikov addition reaction to alkenes, with atomic number 5 and symbol B.
ANSWER: Boron [accept B until mentioned]
16. The protagonist of this novel created a richly patterned tapestry called Maia, a discourse on the theme of Mind
and Art ranked with Schiller’s Simple and Sentimental Poetry. Later, that protagonist drinks a glass of pomegranate
juice and soda water while watching musicians perform in the gardens. He remains in the Hôtel des Bains, even after
his bags have returned from being mistakenly sent to Como, and he follows a governess around the title locale
before watching his love suffer injury from Jaschiu. The protagonist becomes enraptured with the Polish boy
Tadzio. For 10 points, name this novel about Gustave von Aschenbach’s demise in Italy, by Thomas Mann.
ANSWER: Death in Venice [or Der Tod in Venedig]
17. The last movement of the third one was originally marked "Allegro gurriero" before being changed to "Allegro
Vivacissimo." The last movement of the fourth one incorporates a tarantella and a noted Saltarello Presto, while
another one was composed following a visit to Holyrood. The second containing three orchestral movements
followed by nine for soloists is titled "Lobesgang." The strings play the "Dresden Amen" in one written to celebrate
the anniversary of Luther's Augsburg Confession, while another one was written during a trip that also inspired the
Hebrides Overture. For 10 points, name these compositions which include the Reformation, Scottish, and Italian.
ANSWER: symphonies of Felix Mendelssohn
18. This dynasty saw a revolt by black slaves called the Zanj which was checked by al-Muwaffak. They received
support from converts to Islam called the mawlas, and one general who served this dynasty formed the rival Tahirid
dynasty in Khorasan. One ruler from this dynasty promoted the unpopular Mu’tazilist doctrine, and the Bamarkids
rose in prominence during this dynasty. It came to power after a victory over Marwan II at the Battle of the Zab, and
it shifted its capital from Damascus to Baghdad in 762. For 10 points, identify this Caliphate that saw its end during
Hulagu Khan’s conquest of 1258, and which succeeded the Umayyad dynasty.
ANSWER: Abbasid dynasty or caliphate
19. One variant phenotype of this group is known as the “weak D”. One nomenclature for identifying it was
developed by Fisher and Race, which uses the letters c, d, and e to mark its alleles, while an older nomenclature is
named for Weiner. Phillip Levine connected this set of factors to a condition that is currently prevented by the drug
Rhogam, known as erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of the newborn, in which a mother produces
antibodies to this factor. Originally discovered in a namesake species of monkey, for 10 points, name this blood
group that is usually notated by a plus or minus when noting one’s blood type.
ANSWER: Rh blood group or Rhesus factor or equivalents
20. The title character of one of his poems sends "his Train / To take a House in Warwick Lane" before trying to
seize the title character for "Pluto's hall." In addition to "Death and Daphne," he described man as "a topsy-turvy
creature" in "A Meditation upon a Broomstick." He foretold the death of John Partridge in Prediction for the
Ensuing Year by Isaac Bickerstaff, argued against poorly minted copper coinage in The Drapier's Letters, and wrote
about the brothers Jack, Peter, and Martin, who each inherit a coat in The Tale of a Tub. For 10 points, name this
author of “A Modest Proposal” who described the lands of Brobdingnag and Laputa in Gulliver's Travels.
ANSWER: Jonathan Swift
TB. In 1975, Vujanovic extended Noether's theorem to this type of system, and the presence of a term proportional
to the quantity "x-squared minus one" results in the Van der Pol oscillator not being this type of system. These
systems have Hamiltonians that do not explicitly depend on time, and Helmholtz decomposition shows that one
negative term can represent this type of field. Fields of this type have no curl, and can be described as the gradient of
a scalar potential. For 10 points, identify this adjective which refers to systems in which the amount of work done is
independent of the path, and describes fields such as the gravitational and electric fields in which no energy is lost.
ANSWER: conservative
Packet by Brown
Bonuses
1. The title character of one of his plays commits suicide after killing all of the Greeks’ livestock while under
Athena’s spell, while the title character of another is convinced to go to Troy by Herakles. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Greek tragedian and author of Ajax and Philoctetes, as well as some plays about a former king who
kills his father and marries his mother or something.
ANSWER: Sophocles
[10] The death of Aegisthus occurs after the end of this play, whose title character learns that her brother Orestes is
actually not dead and plans to kill Aegisthus, even without the help of her sister Chrysothemis.
ANSWER: Electra
[10] In Sophocles's Antigone, this is Antigone's sister who refuses to help Antigone in burying Polynices. She tries
to accept blame afterwards, but Antigone doesn't allow it.
ANSWER: Ismene
2. According to J.J. Sakurai, "you have to be either a fool or a masochist" to find the energy shift from this
phenomenon using the eigenkets corresponding to the z-direction of the angular momenta. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this interaction in which the electron feels an effective magnetic field that couples with its intrinsic
angular momentum, which helps give rise to the fine structure.
ANSWER: spin-orbit interaction or coupling
[10] A similar phenomenon to spin-orbit coupling occurs in this region, which can be modeled with the liquid-drop
and shell models, and which consists of two types of baryons held together by the strong force.
ANSWER: the atomic nucleus
[10] The extra factor of 2 obtained from a naive calculation of spin-orbit coupling can be removed by deriving the
answer from this fully relativistic quantum mechanical equation for fermions. It is named after a man who is the co-
namesake of some statistics with Fermi, and of a delta function.
ANSWER: Dirac equation [accept Paul Dirac]
3. This painting depicts a scene that occurred in the Havana Harbor in 1749. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this painting, whose first title character swims nude in the sea as he is being rescued by a boat, and a
man on the right attempts to thrust a spear into the other title creature.
ANSWER: Watson and the Shark
[10] Watson and the Shark was painted by this American artist, who also painted a scene from the Fairie Queen
titled The Red Cross Knight.
ANSWER: John Singleton Copley
[10] Copley also depicted a portrait of this figure from the American Revolution, wearing a red coat and pointing to
a charter granted by William and Mary, as he clenches another document in his right fist.
ANSWER: Samuel Adams [prompt on partial answer]
4. Answer the following about U.S. relations with Native Americans, for 10 points each.
[10] This 1830 act passed by Andrew Jackson allowed for resettling Native Americans west of the Mississippi. It
led to the later Treaty of New Echota and the resulting Trail of Tears.
ANSWER: Indian Removal Act [prompt on IRA]
[10] This 1887 act drafted by a Massachusetts Senator provided for the gradual elimination of tribal ownership of
land. Adult owners were given full citizenship, but could not gain full title to their property for 25 years
ANSWER: Dawes Severalty Act
[10] Over a century earlier, this group of western Pennsylvanian frontiersmen got so furious in the face of Pontiac's
rebellion that they started massacring the peaceful Susquehannock Indians.
ANSWER: Paxton Boys
5. Identify these locations in South America which are noted for their volcanic activity, for 10 points each.
[10] In 1877, this volcano erupted, killing over 1000 people. At 19,347 feet, it is the world's highest continuously
active volcano.
ANSWER: Mount Cotopaxi
[10] You can visit the El Misti stratovolcano near Arequipa in this country, or you can visit part of the Amazonian
Rain forest near Iquitos. Lake Titicaca also lies on its northern border.
ANSWER: Republic of Peru [or Republica del Peru]
[10] Chimborazo is the highest volcano in this country, which also contains Cotopaxi. One can also see the La
Rotonda monument in the Malecon 2000 area of its largest city, Guayaquil.
ANSWER: Republic of Ecuador [or Republica de Ecuador]
6. The availability of the MediaWiki server has led to a proliferation of user-editable online references. Identify the
following such things, none of which are Wikipedia, Conservapedia, or the QBWiki, for 10 points each.
[10] November 2nd’s featured article on this frighteningly in-depth “Star Wars encyclopedia that anyone can edit”
concerned Hamo Blastwell, a friend of Keyan Farlander, the protagonist of X-Wing.
ANSWER: Wookiepedia [accept starwars.wikia.com]
[10] After Wikipedia cofounder Larry Sanger got fed up and left that project, he founded this other site, which
features expert specialists as editors who are responsible for approving articles.
ANSWER: Citizendium [accept citizendium.org or “The Citizens’ Compendium”; prompt on CZ]
[10] On September 11th, 2008, its featured article was "JEWS DID WTC" and regular features include "The Moar
You Know" and "Picture Of The Now." It includes a 2700 word "Comprehensive Theory of Lulz."
ANSWER: Encyclopædia Dramatica [accept encyclopediadramatica.com; prompt on ED]
7. Carbonated water is one example of these mixtures. For 10 points each:

[10] Name these solutions that contain an abnormally large amount of solute.
ANSWER: Supersaturated solution [accept word forms]
[10] If a seed particle is added, a supersaturation will spontaneously begin to lose its solute, a process known as this.
A better known example is the formation of a solid at the bottom of a liquid solution.
ANSWER: Precipitation [accept word forms]
[10] This type of solution is one for which the enthalpy of solution is zero, or the activity coefficients are one. They
are notably the only type of solution that obeys Raoult’s law.
ASNWER: ideal solution
8. Yusef blackmails the protagonist into helping smuggle gems when he intercepts a letter to Mrs. Rolt. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this novel which sees Major Scobie, an honest chief of police in a British West African district, overdose
on evipan to avoid deciding between his wife and Mrs. Rolt.
ANSWER: The Heart of the Matter
[10] The Heart of the Matter was written by this English author of The End of the Affair.
ANSWER: Graham Greene
[10] Coral Fellowes offers shelter to the Whiskey Priest before the mestizo betrays him to the lieutenant in the
Greene novel The Power and the Glory, which is set in this country, also the setting of Malcolm Lowry’s Under the
Volcano.
ANSWER: Mexico
9. In the second act the Sorceress sends his evil elf disguised as Mercury to trick one of the title character’s into
abandoning his beloved. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this opera featuring the aria “When I am laid in Earth,” based on a work of Virgil.
ANSWER: Dido and Aeneas
[10] This English Baroque composer wrote the operas King Arthur, The Fairy Queen, and Dido and Aeneas.
ANSWER: Henry Purcell
[10] A theme from Purcell's Abdelazar was used as the basis for the Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra,
composed by this man.
ANSWER: Edward Benjamin Britten
10. He was accused by “false witnesses” of speaking “blasphemous words against […] the law” and was tried by the
Sanhedrin. For 10 points each:
[10] St. Paul is said to have encouraged the stoning of this “Protomartyr,” whose final speech was an accusation
against the Jews of persecuting prophets who spoke out against their sins.
ANSWER: Saint Stephen the Protomartyr [accept Stephanos Protomartys]
[10] The trial of Saint Stephen is described in this book, the source of the quote “It is more blessed to give than to
receive.” It follows the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, and describes those figures’ doings.
ANSWER: Acts of the Apostles
[10] The style of Paul's epistles implies that his readers were familiar with this Koine Greek version of the Hebrew
bible, which was translated by either seventy or seventy-two scholars for Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
ANSWER: the Septuagint [prompt on “LXX”]
11. Established by the Constitution of Year III, it included a bicameral legislature with a lower house known as the
Council of Five Hundred, and an upper house called the Council of Ancients. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this government of the French revolution named for its five executive members.
ANSWER: the Directory [or Directoire]
[10] The Directory replaced this French paper currency with the mandats territoraux, or land warrants, for a brief
period in 1796. Hyperinflation soon resulted in a return to metallic currency.
ANSWER: assignats
[10] The Directory was overthrown by this man on the Eighteenth of Brumaire. This man founded the French
Consulate and had a last stand known as the Hundred Days.
ANSWER: Napoleon Bonaparte [accept Napoleon I; prompt on Napoleon]
12. The SUMO protein is similar to it, and its addition to a molecule at lysine residues follows a “hit-and-run”
model according to one paper. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this 76-amino acid peptide that is added to proteins in order to mark them for degradation, named for
its widespread presence.
ANSWER: ubiquitin
[10] The Fanconi version of this medical condition is partially caused by mutations in a group of proteins that attach
Ubiquitin. It is more commonly associated with the lack of iron, which decreases the cells ability to transport O2.
ANSWER: anemia
[10] Large quantities of ubiquitin are found in Lewy bodies, which are characteristic of this neurodegenerative
disease that causes shakiness. It is usually accompanied by the disappearance of the substantia nigra, and is treated
with L-Dopa.
ANSWER: Parkinson’s Disease
13. At the end of this work, the main character receives an invitation from his son Dallas to go to Paris, but declines
to visit the apartment of Ellen Olenska. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this novel whose other main characters include May Welland and Newland Archer.
ANSWER: The Age of Innocence
[10] The Age of Innocence was written by this author of The Fruit of the Tree and Ethan Frome.
ANSWER: Edith Newbold Jones Wharton
[10] Undine Spragg seduces Ralph Marvell and Elmer Moffatt in this 1913 Wharton novel.
ANSWER: The Custom of the Country
14. It discusses a figure who is “tall and tan and young and lovely” and “sways so sweet and swings so gently” when
“she passes.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this jazz standard originally sung by Astrud Gilberto and accompanied by Stan Getz, which was inspired
by a woman who frequently visited the Veloso Bar in Rio de Janeiro.
ANSWER: “The Girl from Ipanema” [accept “La Garota de Ipanema”]
[10] Name the style of Brazilian music exemplified by “The Girl from Ipanema” that was led by Antonio Carlos
Jobim.
ANSWER: Bossa Nova
[10] Getz played this instrument on the album. It was also played by Coleman Hawkins, Sonny Rollins, and Bill
Clinton.
ANSWER: tenor saxophone [prompt on saxophone]
15. Name some things about the Frankfurt School of philosophy, for 10 points each.
[10] The Frankfurt school was based on the ideals of this German philosopher, who wrote The Eighteenth Brumaire
of Louis-Napoleon and co-authored the Communist Manifesto.
ANSWER: Karl Heinrich Marx
[10] Theodor Adorno co-authored the seminal Frankfurt School text, titled after this concept “of Enlightenment.”
This Hegelian concept consists of a thesis, antithesis, and synthesis.
ANSWER: dialectic [accept Dialectic of Enlightenment]
[10] The founder of the Frankfurt school is this man, who co-wrote Dialectic of Enlightenment along with Theodor
Adorno, and also wrote The Authoritarian State and Eclipse of Reason.
ANSWER: Max Horkheimer
16. He wrote about his experience as a hostage in Algiers in The Captive's Tale, which is among his Exemplary
Novels. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Spanish author whose work includes Journey to Parnassus, The Siege of Numantia, the romance
Persiles and Sigismuinda, and a novel that depicts a man aided by Sancho Panza.
ANSWER: Miguel de Cervantes
[10] Cervantes is best known for this book whose title character rides a horse named Rocinante in search of his love
Dulcinea.
ANSWER: Don Quixote
[10] Elicio and Erastro are among those in love with the title character of this pastoral novel by Cervantes, which
features Lisandro's vengeance for the death of Leonida.
ANSWER: La Galatea
17. It began with a surprise attack by Thomas Fairfax and Alexander Leslie in the early evening. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this battle near York which saw Oliver Cromwell rise to prominence as his cavalry defeated Royalist
forces under Prince Rupert, making him the leading Parliamentary general of the English Civil War.
ANSWER: Battle of Marston Moor
[10] Cromwell was opposed by this group of individual rights activists who put forth the manifesto Agreement of the
People, but they never won national support and dissolved after their leader John Liliburne was imprisoned.
ANSWER: Levellers
[10] While Cromwell was away fighting Royalists in the north, the army took control of the Houses of Parliament
and carried out Pride’s Purge, which led to this Parliament that followed the Long Parliament.
ANSWER: Rump Parliament
18. One section of it is titled “Historical Review” and describes Boulainvilliers and Gobineau, while middle sections
describe the “morphological position” and “physiological and psychological functions” of races. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this 1911 work, a series of lectures on culture and race, which maintains that the human capacity for
intelligence remains largely the same over all cultures.
ANSWER: The Mind of Primitive Man
[10] The Mind of Primitive Man was written by this American social scientist and professor at Columbia, considered
the founder of American anthropology.
ANSWER: Franz Boas
[10] One of Boas’s students was this American anthropologist, who further developed the notion of “culture area” in
his Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America and also wrote Indian Myths of South Central California.
ANSWER: Alfred Kroeber
19. Biogenic examples include serotonin, and are usually synthesized by decarboxylation. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these compounds that contain a nitrogen atom bound to hydrogen atoms and/or one or more carbon
chains, and usually give off the smell of fish.
ANSWER: amines
[10] This reaction, which can be worked up via the Ing-Maske procedure, uses potassium pthalamide to synthesize
primary amines.
ANSWER: Gabriel synthesis
[10] The nitrogen atom of primary amines contains one of these structures, whose presence causes the repulsion of
the hydrogen atoms in ammonia which gives rise to ammonia’s trigonal pyramidal shape and causes water
molecules to be bent.
ANSWER: lone pair of electrons [prompt on partial; accept equivalents like unbonded electron pair]
20. His father of the same name fought in the civil war against his predecessor, but it was his mother, Livia Drusilla,
that secured his rise to power. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this stepson of Augustus who would succeed him as Roman emperor.
ANSWER: Tiberius
[10] One sign of Tiberius’s elevation to power was his brief marriage to this natural daughter of Augustus, who was
exiled when Augustus discovered that she would reportedly sleep with anything that moved.
ANSWER: Julia the Elder
[10] For much of Tiberius’s rule, power was controlled by this equestrian-born Praetorian prefect, who instituted a
series of purges in Rome after Tiberius retired to Capri.
ANSWER: Lucius Aelius Sejanus
21. Name these works of Washington Irving for 10 points each.

[10] After leaving a party hosted by Abraham Van Brunt, Ichabod Crane is chased by the Headless Horseman in this
story.
ANSWER: “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”
[10] “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is found in this collection, which also includes “Rip van Winkle,” and was
written under the pseudonym Geoffrey Crayon.
ANSWER: The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon
[10] “The Italian Banditti” and “Strange Stories by a Nervous Gentleman” are among the books of this collection,
which includes the short story “The Devil and Tom Walker.”
ANSWER: Tales of a Traveler
Packet by Caltech (Micah Manary, Brandon Hensley, Matthew Feldman), and Langston (Kyle Gregory, James
Harding, and Edwin Bryant)
Tossups
1. This thinker asked “what is it to dwell?” in “Building, Dwelling, Thinking” and considered the effects of a
“destitute time” on the works of Rilke in “What Are Poets For?”, both of which appear in his Poetry, Language,
Thought. He discussed the path provided by the Greek word philosophia in What is Philosophy? and also wrote
about Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, though he is better known for a work which introduced ontological
hermeneutics and discussed a concept related to presence in the world, dasein. For 10 points, name this Nazi-loving
author of Being and Time.
ANSWER: Martin Heidegger
2. Acts of Gord once depicted one of these devices stating “This is all I am good for,” being used as a doorstop. The
RANDnet online service was established for one add-on to this system, a Disk Drive that featured such games as
Doshin the Giant. Sports games for this system included Mike Piazza’s Strike Zone, as well as one which featured
such teams as the “Foxboro Patriots.” Its exclusive games included the original BattleTanx and Blast Corps, as well
games like Conker’s Bad Fur Day and the first two Banjo-Kazooie games. For 10 points, identify this console, the
home to such first-person shooters as Perfect Dark and GoldenEye 007, the successor to the SNES.
ANSWER: the Nintendo 64 [accept N64; accept Nintendo Roku Ju Yon]
3. For elements with low atomic numbers, the Auger process competes with the fluorescence that is characteristic of
this process. Potassium-argon dating methods are valuable since all of the argon arises from potassium by this
radioactive transition rather than chemically. The lighter isotopes of transition metals, such as silver-105, tend to
decay by this process. Positron emission competes with this process, which results in neutron and a neutrino, the
latter of which gets ejected. Despite the change in atomic number, the total number of nucleons is conserved. For 10
points, name this process that sees the nucleus taking a namesake negatively charged particle from the K shell.
ANSWER: electron capture [prompt on K-capture]
4. This person’s time spent assisting Sobhuza II of Swaziland led to a work on race relations in Africa edited
posthumously by Phyllis Kaberry as The Dynamics of Culture Change. This author wrote an essay discussing belief
in ancestral spirits who impregnate bathing women, “Baloma,” which appears in a collection with “Magic, Science,
and Religion.” This person founded a school of anthropology that Radcliffe-Brown would extend to a “structural”
variety, functionalism. His Coral Gardens and their Magic draws on his experience in the Trobriand Islands, while
his most famous book discusses the Kula ring. For 10 points, name this author of Argonauts of the Western Pacific.
ANSWER: Bronislaw Malinowski
5. One of this figure’s offspring attacked Leto or Artemis in Panopaeus, but was killed and sent to Tartarus, where
snakes devoured his liver; that son of this deity was Tityus. Another of this deity’s sons was conceived with Aether;
Thaumas, Ceto, and Phorcys were among the sons of this goddess and that son Pontus. The dragon Campe guarded
other offspring of this goddess in Tartarus, but this goddess’s grandson later released those sons, the Hecatonchires
and the Cyclopes. She created an adamantine sickle to aid her grandson in overthrowing her most famous son,
Cronus. For 10 points, identify this daughter of Chaos and mother of the titans, the Greek goddess of the Earth.
ANSWER: Gaia [accept Gaea or Gea]
6. In this opera the audience is asked to consider actors’ “souls since we are men of flesh and bone” and “rather than
our poor costumes” in the prologue “Si Puo?” In “Stridono lassu,” the soprano yearns for the freedom of birds, so
she could pursue her romance with Silvio, and after his advances are driven off with a whip Tonio eavesdrops on a
plan to elope. The tenor laments that he must “put on the costume” and “Laugh . . . though [his] love is broken” in
the aria “Vesti la Giubba” before he appears in a play about Colombina’s affair with Arlecchino. Nedda is stabbed
by her husband Canio, at the end of, for 10 points, this opera titled after clowns, by Leoncavallo.
ANSWER: I Pagliacci [or The Clowns, early]
7. This man was the governor of the Kaffa region during his grandfather’s reign, and he banished the concubine
Gulbehar from his kingdom. He signed the Peace of Amasia with Tahmasp, who kept control of Tabriz, though late
in his life, he lost a campaign against the Knights of St. John in Malta. He employed Sinan as the chief architect,
married Roxelana, and was often called “kanuni.” Though his navy led by Barbarossa suffered heavy losses in his
capture of Rhodes, he defeated Louis II in the 1526 Battle of Mohacs, but he failed in his siege of Vienna. The son
of Selim the Grim, for 10 points, name this ruler of the Ottoman Empire who is often called “the magnificent.”
ANSWER: Suleiman I [accept: Suleiman the Magnificent until “the magnificent;” accept Suleiman the Lawgiver;
or Suleiman Kanuni, early]
8. He wrote about an artist hired to paint a marriage portrait, who realizes that Walter Ludlow will attack Elinor in
“The Prophetic Pictures.” In one of his stories, Annie Hovenden’s child crushes the mechanical butterfly created by
Owen Warland, and in another Mr. Medbourne, Mr. Gascoigne, and widow Wycherly temporarily regain their
youth. Along with “The Artist of the Beautiful” and “Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment,” he told of Elizabeth, who breaks
her engagement to Parson Hooper because he wears a shroud. For 10 points, name this author of “The Minister’s
Black Veil,” who wrote about a man who sees his wife Faith meet the Devil in “Young Goodman Brown.”
ANSWER: Nathaniel Hawthorne
9. This man took advantage of an Ottoman siege of Chocim to win a war featuring battles like Dirshau and Mewe,
and he inherited the throne in the middle of the Kalmark War. He signed the Truce of Altmark with Sigismund III,
who his father had overthrown, and his greatest victory came with the help of Lennart Torstenson and involved an
encirclement of Pappenheim. The son of Charles IX, he used combined arms tactics to win battles like the Lech and
Breitenfeld, where he defeated the Catholics. For 10 points, name this Lutheran ruler who died at the Battle of
Lutzen, a king of Sweden known as the “Lion of the North.”
ANSWER: Gustavus II Adolphus [or Gustav II Adolf; or Gustavus II]
10. This artist created the Fountain of the Bees for the Barberini family and sculpted busts like Damned Soul and
Blessed Soul. His works in the Galleria Borghese include one that depicts the three title figures fleeing from Troy,
and one that depicts a woman turning into a tree. In addition to Aeneas, Anchises, and Ascanius and Apollo and
Daphne, he designed the oval church of Sant’Andrea al Quirinale. He sculpted a work in the Piazza Navona which
includes representations of the Nile and the Ganges and one which shows an angel pointing a spear at the title figure.
For 10 points, name this Italian sculptor of The Fountain of the Four Rivers and The Ecstacy of Saint Theresa.
ANSWER: Gianlorenzo Bernini [or Giovanni Lorenzo Bernini]
11. The Mitsuda test describes of the ability of a body to participate in a cell mediated immune response against this
disease, and preparations named for Dharmendra are used in that test. Lucio’s name is appended to an acute form of
it. It can be classified into paucibacillary and mutlibacillary based upon skin smear results, and the tuberculoid form
of it results in localized skin lesions. Armadillos also harbor its causative agent, and it is sometimes named for
Hansen. Resulting in skin lesions and nerve damage, for 10 points, name this disease which, like tuberculosis, is
caused by a mycobacterium, and is also associated with certain “colonies” where its patients were isolated.
ANSWER: leprosy [accept: Hansen’s disease until mentioned; accept lepromin until “this disease”]
12. He attends a hunting party which ends early when Geoffrey Clouston accidentally shoots James, a sailor who
was stalking this man after he heard a prostitute refer to him as “Prince Charming.” His mother Margaret of
Devereux dies of grief after his grandfather Lord Kelso has his father murdered in a duel, and he blackmails the
chemist Alan Campbell to help dispose of a body, and his philosophy is shaped by a “yellow book” given to him by
Lord Wotton. For 10 points, name this character, who forsakes the actress Sibyl Vane after being a model for painter
Basil Hallward in a novel by Oscar Wilde, and has a namesake “picture” that ages in his place.
ANSWER: Dorian Gray [prompt on partial name]
13. This composer began one work with the opening dedication, "To the City of Venice, in praise of its Patron Saint,
the Blessed Mark, Apostle" in Canticum Sacrum. Furbo performs a fake resurrection to reignite Pimpinella’s
devotion for the title character of one of his ballets, and a double fugue starting in the oboes begins the second
movement of a work, which has each movement dedicated to one of the hortatory virtues. Along with Pulcinella and
Symphony of Psalms, one of his works features the “Procession of the Sage” and “The Evocation of the Ancestors,”
and begins with a noted bassoon solo. For 10 points, name this composer of Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.
ANSWER: Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky
14. One work by this man opens by describing “seafarers” who “tell of the Eastern isle of bliss.” In another poem by
this man, the sounds of a flute on a spring night inspire recollections of the gardens of home. In a third work, he
noted that he was glad to “make the moon and my shadow into friends.” The addressee of another of his works went
to “the river of swirling eddies” when the title figure was sixteen, and he asked “Which was the real—the butterfly
or the man?” in “Chuang Tzu and the Butterfly.” Mahler adapted his Chinese Flute into Das Lied von der Erde. For
10 points, name this Tang Dynasty poet of “The River Merchant’s Wife,” a close friend to fellow poet Du Fu.
ANSWER: Li Po [accept Li Bai, Li Bo, or Li Tai-bo; might as well accept Rihaku too]
15. Allan Franklin reinterpreted this experiment’s data in response to accusations of selective result reporting by
Gerard Horton, and it was also questioned by Felix Ehrenhaft. One of its performers later verified Einstein’s theory
of the photoelectric effect, and its results were low by about one percent due to an incorrect value for the viscosity of
air. Parallel voltage plates created a uniform electric field and the voltage was adjusted to the level necessary to
cause the particle to suspend in air. For 10 points, name this 1909 experiment which measured the charge of the
electron, performed by Robert Millikan.
ANSWER: the Fletcher-Millikan oil-drop experiment [accept Millikan before it is read]
16. While serving as Chancellor of the Exchequer this man reset the ten year rule and caused a general strike in
support of coal miners when he enacted a return to the gold standard. He was involved in a scandal surrounding the
Sidney Street Shootings as Home Secretary, and he supported close cooperation with the United States through the
“special relationship.” During World War I he was disgraced for his role in the Gallipoli Campaign as First Lord of
the Admiralty, and he won a Nobel Prize in Literature in part for a history of World War II. For 10 points, name this
Prime Minister who succeeded Neville Chamberlain.
ANSWER: Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill
17. In one story, he made the bitter waters at Marah sweet by throwing in a tree that God showed to him. During one
battle, the Amalekites were vulnerable as long as his hands remained in the air, prompting two other men to hold up
his arms until the sun went down. At the request of God, he once cast his staff to the ground, causing it to become a
snake, a feat later replicated by his older brother. The younger son of Amram and Jochebed and the brother of
Miriam, he brought a variety of plagues on the land of Egypt to convince the pharaoh to release the Israelites. For 10
points, name this brother of Aaron who received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai.
ANSWER: Moses [accept Moyses, Moshe, Musa, or some other things]
18. The Kasungu National Park is located on this country’s western border, and the Chizumulu and Likoma islands
belong to it. This country’s major primary language is sometimes called Chewa, while Tumbuka and Yao are each
spoken by one million people in this country. The Zomba plateau is located to this country’s south, and the Shire
River, which empties into the Zambezi, flows north of its economic center of Blantyre. Also consisting of Lake
Malombe, a lake named for it borders Mozambique and Tanzania. Previously called Nyasaland, for 10 points, name
this country, a southeast African nation that is the ghost-rat capital of the world, with political capital at Lilongwe.
ANSWER: the Republic of Malawi [prompt on Nyasaland until mentioned]
19. The decision in this case claimed that the character of an act depends on its circumstances, citing Aikens v.
Wisconsin. The precedent established by this case was altered in the case whose dissent introduced the marketplace
of ideas, Abrams v. U.S., and was officially established in Brandenburg v. Ohio after being repeatedly cited by Louis
Brandeis. Its plaintiff, a general secretary of the Socialist party, was charged with violating the Espionage Act for
distributing anti-draft pamphlets. For 10 points, name this 1919 Supreme Court case with a majority opinion by
Oliver Wendell Holmes that placed limitations on the First Amendment with the “clear and present danger” test.
ANSWER: Schenck v. United States [accept in reverse order]
20. There exists a real number A such that the floor of the quantity A to the three to the n gives one of these numbers
for every positive integer n according to Mills' Theorem. Two to the quantity p minus one is congruent to one
modulo p squared is satisfied by the Weifrich type of these. The Lucas-Lehmer Test is used to determine if a number
fits a specific category of these and every even number can be written as the sum of two of these according to
Goldbach’s conjecture. Euclid showed that there are infinitely many of, for 10 points, what type positive integers,
with two being the smallest member, which are only divisible by one and themselves.
ANSWER: prime numbers [accept Mills theorem until “these numbers”]
TB. In one of this author’s stories, Ruby Fischer reads an article about a woman of the same name, who is murdered
by her husband. In another story, Phoenix Jackson buys medicine for her grandson. Robbie leaves her husband
George after he jumps in front of a train to save a mentally handicapped nephew in her novel about the wedding of
Troy Flavin and Dabney Fairchild. “A Piece of News” and “A Worn Path” are found in her collection A Curtain of
Green, while Wanda Fay Chisom enrages Laurel McKelva Hand, who returns to Mount Salus to attend the funeral
of her father in another book. For 10 points, name this author of Delta Wedding and The Optimist’s Daughter.
ANSWER: Eudora Welty
Packet by Caltech (Micah Manary, Brandon Hensley, Matthew Feldman), and Langston (Kyle Gregory, James
Harding, and Edwin Bryant)
Bonuses
1. All members of this phylum have visceral arches and clefts. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this animal phylum to which humans belong, characterized by a notochord and an endostyle.
ANSWER: Chordata [or Chordates]
[10] This plant phylum now only includes mosses, but used to include liverworts and hornworts as well. Its
characteristics include multicellular rhizoids which act as an anchor.
ANSWER: Bryophyta [or Bryophytes]
[10] This fungal phylum includes truffles and true yeasts, but not true mushrooms or jelly fungi. They get their name
for the spore that are formed when the reproduce sexually.
ANSWER: Ascomycota [or Ascomycetes]
2. This piece was inspired by the “steely rhythms” of its composer’s train ride to Boston. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this work commissioned by Paul Whiteman that saw Russ Gorman play a noted clarinet glissando at its
premiere.
ANSWER: Rhapsody in Blue
[10] Rhapsody in Blue was composed by this American, who often collaborated with his brother Ira. He composed
the music for Porgy and Bess.
ANSWER: George Gershwin
[10] Rhapsody in Blue was orchestrated by this composer, who included “Father of Waters” and “Old Creole Days”
in his Mississippi Suite and also created the Grand Canyon Suite.
ANSWER: Ferde Grofe
3. Name these battles in the Greco-Persian wars, triggered by the revolt of Greek Ionian colonies in Asia Minor, for
10 points each.
[10] Early in the revolt, a combined Athenian and Ionian force burned this city when they were unable to take its
citadel from Artaphernes. It served as capital of the Achaemenid satrapy of Lydia.
ANSWER: Sardis
[10] In this battle, an outnumbered, primarily Athenian army under Miltiades halted the advance of Darius I's forces
onto the Greek mainland, defeating the Persians just off the namesake bay in 490BCE.
ANSWER: Battle of Marathon
[10] Taking place on the same day as the battle of Thermopylae, this battle saw the Greek navy inflict heavy
casualties but had to retreat to Salamis to await a more decisive battle.
ANSWER: Battle of Artemisium
4. Identify these words appearing in the poetry of Emily Dickinson, for 10 points each.
[10] One poem describes this as being “the thing with feathers- / That perches in the soul- / And sings the tune
without the words- / And never stops at all.”
ANSWER: hope
[10] The speaker of one Dickinson poem notices “The eyes beside had wrung them dry” after the speaker heard this
insect buzz “when I died.”
ANSWER: a fly
[10] Dickinson writes that when this luminous thing comes “the Landscape listens-- / Shadows--hold their breath-- /
When it goes, 'tis like the Distance / On the look of Death—"
ANSWER: a certain slant of light [prompt on partial answers]
5. Answer these questions about the life of Zeus prior to overthrowing the Titans, for 10 points each.
[10] This Titan, the wife and sister to Cronus, gave birth to five other children, all eaten by Cronus, before having
her sixth child Zeus.
ANSWER: Rhea
[10] In hiding from his father, the young Zeus was nourished by this she-goat who would later provide the hide that
covered Aegis and the horn for the Cornucopia.
ANSWER: Amalthea [accept Amaltheia]
[10] This mountain on Crete, sacred to Rhea, was the site of the cave where the young Zeus was hidden. It shares its
name with a mountain in Turkey sacred to Cybele from which the river Scamander flowed.
ANSWER: Mount Ida
6. Everybody loves Benzene, but can you name some derivates of benzene? Find out. For 10 points each:
[10] The Hooker process built upon the Raschig process to produce this compound, which consists of a hydroxyl
group attached to benzene.
ANSWER: Phenol [or phenyl alcohol or carbolic acid]
[10] This normal aromatic hydrocarbon is used as a solvent, usually in paint or ink thinners, and also acts as an
octane booster in gasoline. It contains of a methyl group attached to benzene, and an explosive tri nitro derivative.
ANSWER: toluene [prompt on methylbenzene or phenylmethane]
[10] This derivative consists of an amino group attached to benzene. It is used to produce isocyanates, which in turn
are used in the production of polyurethane.
ANSWER: aniline [prompt on phenylamine or aminobenzene]
7. He painted several paintings of the Rouen Cathedral. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this man whose painting of a Sunrise inspired art critic Louis Leroy to coin the phrase
“Impressionism,” and is also known for his paintings of Haystacks and Waterlilies.
ANSWER: Claude Monet
[10] This impressionist was born in the Caribbean and is known for depicting a Peasant Girl Drinking Her Coffee,
as well as a series of paintings depicting the Boulevard Montmartre and some pictures of hay harvests at his
residence in Éragny.
ANSWER: Jacob-Abraham-Camille Pissarro
[10] In this Pierre Renoir work, a man on the right picks his teeth as several people dance at a fashionable
Montmartre location.
ANSWER: La Moulin de la Galette [or Bal Au Moulin de la Galette, Montmartre]
8. It consists of a namesake peninsula as well as the Coloane and Taipa islands. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this former colony on the South China Sea, part of which sits on a peninsula formed by the Pearl River.
ANSWER: Macau Special Administrative Region [or MSAR]
[10] With its meaning “fragrant harbor,” this territory is famous for the iconic Star Ferry in the Victoria Harbor. It
was handed to China in 1999 by Great Britain.
ANSWER: Hong Kong
[10] Urumqi is the capital of this largest administrative division of China, which borders the Tibet, Gansu, and
Qinghai regions. The Tarim basin is also found in this region.
ANSWER: Xinjiang [or Uygur Autonomous Republic of Xinjiang; or Sinkiang; or East Turkestan]
9. Isabella Thorpe attempts to force this character into marrying her boastful brother John. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this character, the protagonist of Northanger Abbey, who is embarrassingly caught sneaking into the
abandoned room of General Tilney’s dead wife by her future husband Henry Tilney.
ANSWER: Catherine Morland [accept either]
[10] Catherine Morland appears in this author’s novel Northanger Abbey. She also wrote about the Bennet sisters in
Pride and Prejudice.
ANSWER: Jane Austen
[10] Catherine is entranced by this author’s Gothic novel The Mysteries of Udolpho. She also wrote about Vincentio
di Vivaldi’s attempts to reunite with his beloved Ellena in The Italian.
ANSWER: Anne Radcliffe
10. This artist depicted a man dressed in black rowing a boat as a woman holds a baby dressed in pink. For 10 points
each:
[10] Identify this artist of The Boating Party who painted several works featuring her sister Lydia . She also painted
a woman washing the feet of her child in La Toilette.
ANSWER: Mary Cassatt
[10] A longtime friend of Manet, this female impressionist was famous for her studies of women in such works as
Peasant Hanging out the Washing and Young Girl with a Parrot
ANSWER: Berthe Morisot
[10] The seventeenth-century female artist Artemisia Gentileschi’s dramatic and bloody Judith Slaying Holofernes
was inspired by this man’s work on the same subject. He also painted The Calling of St. Matthew and was famed for
his chiaroscuro.
ANSWER: Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
11. The play ends when Alquist entrusts the future of the world to the new lovers Primus and Helena. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this play in which Fabry, Dr. Gall, and Harry Domin are destroyed when the factory is stormed by the
titular automatons.
ANSWER: R.U.R. [accept Rossum’s Universal Robots]
[10] This Czech author of The War With the Newts wrote R. U. R.
ANSWER: Karel Capek
[10] In the first act of An Insect Play, the tramp meets Felix and Iris, who are this type of bug beloved by Vladimir
Nabokov. Garcia Lorca wrote a play about one’s “Evil Spell.”
ANSWER: a butterfly
12. The operation of this effect is explained by BCS theory, and electrons in materials exhibiting it group into
Cooper pairs. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this phenomenon in which materials below a critical temperature experience no electrical resistance.
ANSWER: superconductivity
[10] In this effect, superconductors become superdiamagnetic due to drop-off of magnetic flux. The material thus
excludes its internal magnetic field.
ANSWER: Meissner-Ochsenfeld effect
[10] Superconductivity is made use of in these devices which contain Josephson junctions and which use quantum
interference to measure extremely small magnetic fields.
ANSWER: SQUIDs [or Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices]
13. Former Milwaukee mayor Frank Zeidler was a member of this party, and helped to found its successor party in
1973. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this political party, led for a long time by Norman Thomas, which nominated Upton Sinclair in the 1926
California gubernatorial race.
ANSWER: Socialist Party of America [or SPA]
[10] This labor leader ran for president on the Socialist Party’s ticket four times, including in 1920 when he did so
from prison.
ANSWER: Eugene Victor Debs
[10] This socialist activist helped inspire the "Great Society" program with his analysis of American poverty, The
Other America.
ANSWER: Michael Harrington
14. Identify the following about cheating in sports, for 10 points each.
[10] This referee recently pled guilty to federal charges related to the fixing of NBA games, for which he was
sentenced to 15 months in prison in July 2008.
ANSWER: Timothy Donaghy
[10] Collusion among sumo wrestlers was compared to cheating on standardized tests by teachers in the first chapter
of this 2005 book, written by Steven Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner.
ANSWER: Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist Explores the Hidden Side of Everything
[10] This Canadian sprinter beat Carl Lewis to win gold in the 100 meters at the 1988 Seoul Olympics, but was
stripped of his medal and world record after testing positive for stanozolol.
ANSWER: Ben Johnson
15. Name these Canadian Prime Ministers, for 10 points each.

[10] He led the Liberal Party from 1919-1948, serving as Prime Minister for twenty-two of those years. His time in
office saw the creation of the CBC and the nationalization of the Bank of Canada.
ANSWER: William Lyon Mackenzie King
[10] This Liberal leader served as PM for most of the 1970’s, and he oversaw the enactment of the War Measures
Act and instituted official bilingualism. Later, he oversaw the 1982 Constitution Act.
ANSWER: Pierre Trudeau
[10] This female Progressive Conservative served for only months in 1993 after the retirement of Brian Mulroney
before losing an election and being replaced by Jean Crétien.
ANSWER: Avril “Kim” Campbell
16. Name these psychology experiments that helped quantify evidence on previously suspected behaviors, for 10
points each.
[10] Solomon Asch showed that people were likely to change their opinions when they were opposed in an
experiment that showed this type of influence of groups.
ANSWER: conformity [accept word forms]
[10] This also 1963 Albert Bandura experiment showed that children would copy adult aggressive behavior,
especially by adults of the same sex.
ANSWER: the Bandura Bobo Doll experiment
[10] The 1972 Rosenhan experiment showed that professionals could neither identify fakers of this behavior, nor
correctly affirm true sufferers.
ANSWER: insanity [accept any reasonably equivalents implying generally impaired mental health, but NOT
specific examples like “schizophrenia”]
17. Identify the following pertaining to a mathematician, for 10 points each.

[10] Name the Norwegian mathematician, who, along with Ruffini, is the namesake of a theorem which states that it
is impossible to find a general solution to a quintic polynomial.
ANSWER: Niels Henrik Abel
[10] Abel lends his name to a type of this structure where every element commutes. More generally, they are
elements with operations that have associativity and closure and have inverses and identities.
ANSWER: group
[10] The impossibility theorem can be better explained using this theory, named for a French dude wherein finding
the reduced solution of a polynomial is analogous to finding the normal subgroup of an appropriate permutation
group.
ANSWER: Galois theory
18. Name these Toni Morrison novels. For 10 points each:
[10] Sethe is haunted by her child's ghost after drowning her to save her from a life of slavery in this Toni Morrison
work.
ANSWER: Beloved
[10] Claudia MacTeer narrates this novel in which Pecola Breedlove is raped by her father Cholly and desperately
wants to possess the title facial feature.
ANSWER: The Bluest Eye
[10] Ruth is found by in bed kissing the finger of her father’s corpse in this novel about Macon Dead III, who gets
his nickname “Milkman” after his father’s employee Freddie catches him breastfeeding when he is four years old.
ANSWER: Song of Solomon
19. Name these legislative actions which expanded or restricted slavery, and led to the American civil war, for 10
points each.
[10] This 1820 agreement prohibited slavery above the thirty-six thirty north parallel except in the titular state.
ANSWER: Missouri Compromise of 1820
[10] Stephen Douglas designed this 1854 act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise, allowing slavery according
to the vote of a territory's settlers.
ANSWER: Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
[10] This never-passed provision would have prevented the introduction of slavery into any territory acquired from
Mexico during the Mexican-American war.
ANSWER: Wilmot Proviso
20. Its water level has decreased by at least 17 meters over the last fifty years. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this rapidly shrinking lake that lies on the Border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. The shrinking has
been caused by five-year plans, and the increased salinity has killed almost all its natural life.
ANSWER: the Aral Sea [or Aral Tengizi]
[10] This other endorheic lake is only saline in the eastern half, but serves as an important Kazakh fishery as well as
water and power source, and is the third largest saline lake in the world.
ANSWER: Lake Balkhash [or Balķaš Kôli]
[10] Two rivers with similar names empty into the Aral Sea; one flows through the Kyzylkum desert after being
formed from the Naryn River, while another forms the northern border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Name
either.
ANSWER: Amu Darya or Syr Darya
21. Identify some things related to attempts to whack James I, for 10 points each.
[10] The most famous attempt was this plan to blow up the Houses of Parliament. It was ruined when some idiot
sent a letter warning Lord Monteagle about what was going to happen and Guy Falkes was subsequently discovered
guarding the explosives.
ANSWER: Gunpowder Plot
[10] This leader of the Gunpowder plot had earlier been involved in the Earl of Essex’s attempts to overthrow
Elizabeth I.
ANSWER: Robert Catesby
[10] Walter Raleigh was sentenced to thirteen years imprisonment for his alleged involvement in this plot to replace
James with Arabella Stuart. It was discovered by interrogating members of yet another plot against James, the Bye
Plot.
ANSWER: Main Plot
Packet by Cornell (Eugene Karlic, Barry Liu, Sinead Lykins, Miriam Nussbaum, Daniel Rothenberg, Arjun
Sivakumar, Jim Zhang)
Tossups
1. The Dead Man and the Dead Woman are invited by Aroni to appear at the Gathering of the Tribes in this man’s A
Dance of the Forests, and his other works include the chaotic Requiem for a Futurologist. He wrote poems based on
Gulliver’s Travels, Ulysses, and Hamlet in his collection A Shuttle in the Crypt, produced during the same prison
stay as his memoir The Man Died. One work by this man describes the love triangle between Lakunle, Baroka, and
Sidi, while in another, Simon Pilkings orders Sergeant Amusa to prevent the ritual suicide of Elesin Oba. For 10
points, identify this Nigerian playwright, the author of The Lion and the Jewel and Death and the King’s Horseman.
ANSWER: Akinwande Oluwole "Wole" Soyinka [accept A Dance of the Forests before “this man’s”]
2. Garon Michael donned one to play drums to Phil Collins’s In the Air Tonight in a Cadbury commercial. Fester
Bestertester was pummeled by a certain animal in Don Martin’s Don Martin Bounces Back! after he mocked the
January 31st national holiday for them. One was allegedly used as a disguise by Theo Epstein when he resigned as
Red Sox GM in 2005, and a study by Simons and Chabris that had people count the number of times a basketball
was passed showed that subjects would fail to see a person dressed in one because of inattentional blindness. For 10
points, name these full-bodied costumes that allow wearers to portray a certain kind of ape.
ANSWER: gorilla suits
3. One character in this novel is blackmailed by a man named John Barsad. Jerry Cruncher nicknames himself
“resurrection man” because he steals fresh corpses to sell to medical students. One character is discovered spending
nine straight days making shoes in a fit of temporary insanity by Jarvis Lorry, who works for Tellson’s Bank. That
character was unjustly imprisoned for eighteen years because he refused to cover up St. Evremonde Brothers’ rape,
and Miss Pross shoots Madame Defarge to protect the secrecy of Lucie Manette’s escape from Paris. For 10 points,
name this novel in which Sydney Carton takes the place of the condemned Charles Darnay by Charles Dickens.
ANSWER: A Tale of Two Cities
4. Their spectra are similar to those of Seyfert Galaxies, and the BL Lac objects were once classified as a type of
these. The spectra of many of these objects contain a series of absorption lines at the Lyman alpha transition
wavelengths. 3C 273 was the first of these objects discovered by Sandage and Mathews in the Virgo cluster, and its
spectrum indicated its redshift implied it had 90% of the velocity of light. Some of these objects have been measured
to be as far away as thirteen billion light years. For 10 points, name these objects, believed to be an accretion disk
powered by a supermassive black hole, and the oldest, farthest, and brightest objects detected in the night sky.
ANSWER: Quasar [or Quasi Stellar Object; or Quasi Stellar Radio Source; prompt on AGN; prompt on active
galactic nucleus/nuclei]
5. This group’s creation was inspired by the book Stride Towards Freedom. A speech critical of Kennedy’s planned
civil rights bill was given during the March on Washington by its leader, John Lewis, who also oversaw the
organization of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party for the 1964 Democratic Convention. Initially started in
Greensboro, North Carolina, it was formally organized in a conference led by Ella Baker at Shaw University. After
the Watts Riots, it began to reject civil rights legislation and was taken over by its militant branch. For 10 points,
name this civil rights organization that supported “black power” under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael.
ANSWER: Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee [or SNCC; or Snick]
6. He contrasted the lifestyle of “the fleet nomads of desert lands” with the intellectual ideas of Kotzebue and
Schiller in his poem “The Bedouin,” and he critiqued Bruno Bauer and the Young Hegelians in a work he co-
authored titled The Holy Family. During a trip to Manchester while working for a textile firm he took notes on the
working class life that culminated into his first book, The Conditions of the Working Class in England in 1844, and
his best known collaboration ends with the section “Private Accumulation” that talks about the “economic original
sin” and critiques capitalism. For 10 points, name this philosopher, who edited Das Kapital after Karl Marx's death.
ANSWER: Friedrich Engels
7. The Abbe number is defined in terms of this quantity, which can be found using Cauchy’s or Sellmeier’s equation.
It is equal to the square root of the product of the relative permeability and the relative permittivity of the material,
and metamaterials could have a negative value for this quantity. The arctangent of the ratio between two materials’
values for this gives Brewster's Angle. It also appears in an equation that follows from Fermat’s Principle, Snell’s
Law, and it is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to in a medium. For 10 points, name this
property which governs a namesake effect in which a beam of light is bent as it passes between mediums.
ANSWER: Index of Refraction [or Refractive Index]
8. This ruler’s architect Rabirius built his private residence, the Domus Augustana, and he reinstituted the Ludi
Capitolini. He celebrated a triumph over the Chati and gave himself the title Germanicus, and later he formally
added the provinces of Upper and Lower Germania to the empire. This man declared himself censor for life, and his
prefect Cornelius Fuscus oversaw a disastrous war with Dacia. More notably, he recalled Agricola from Britain and
after a revolt led by Saturninus, began to purge the senate. He was assassinated in 96 CE and succeeded by Nerva.
For 10 points, name this last of the Flavian emperors, who followed his elder brother Titus.
ANSWER: Domitian [or Titus Flavius Domitianus]
9. One character has a dream of a chained bear being attacked by a greyhound, and Bramimonde changes her name
to Juliana at the end of this work. Ivor and Samson are among “The Twelve Peers,” while the meek Thierry
miraculously defeats Pinabel in a duel. King Marsile sends a tribute to save the city of Saragossa with his envoy
Blancandrin, who plots with Ganelon to betray his stepson. Archbishop Turpin and Oliver are killed standing beside
the title character, who "burst[s] both the temples of his brain" while blowing his horn Oliphant. For 10 points, the
wielder of Durandal is ambushed by the Saracens in what epic poem about a paladin of Charlemagne?
ANSWER: The Song of Roland [or La Chanson de Roland]
10. This figure’s wife once sent a ring to his mother’s handmaiden Fulla. Thor killed the dwarf Lit shortly after the
giantess Hyrrokkin arrived to help with one of this god’s possessions. He lived in the land of “fewest baneful runes,”
which is home to his hall Breidablik. He sent Draupnir back to Asgard with his brother Hermod, who’d been denied
in his petition on this god’s behalf by another god disguised as Thokk. This owner of Hringhorn, husband of Nanna,
and father of Forseti was avenged by Vali after his death. For 10 points, identify this son of Odin and Frigg, who
died after Loki tricked his blind brother Hoder into killing him with a mistletoe dart, the most beautiful of the Aesir.
ANSWER: Baldur [or Balder]
11. This instrument is featured in the second movement of Rautavaara’s Dances with the Winds. It restates the
intermezzo motive for the third and last time after the flute cadenza in the Concerto for Orchestra, having ended the
previous movement in a duet with the horn. Concertos written for it include a modern one by Lowell Liebermann, as
well as some by Vivaldi that were originally performed on a Baroque instrument with a similar but smaller range,
the sopranino recorder. Starting the fugue in Britten’s A Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra, for 10 points, name
this instrument that plays a famous solo in The Stars and Stripes Forever, and is often described as a small flute.
ANSWER: piccolo
12. Compounds studied by this technique may be mixed with mineral oil to form a nujol mull, and potassium
bromide pellets can also be mixed with solid analytes in another variation. This technique is only useful with
compounds that see a change in dipole moment, which is why homonuclear diatomics cannot be studied using this
technique. The spectrum produced by this technique has a region unique to each molecule called the “fingerprint”
region, and carbonyl containing groups have a characteristic response to it at around 1700 wavemumbers. For 10
points, name this spectroscopic technique that uses light shorter than microwaves but longer than red visible light.
ANSWER: IR Spectroscopy [or Infrared Spectroscopy]
13. In one of his works, three nude women can be seen in room with his most famous work in the background of the
painting, and his series of “concert café” paintings such as At the Concert Europeen notably use the Conté crayon.
He also depicted performers doing the can-can in his Le Chahut, and another painting sees a boy standing in the
water with his hands near his mouth as another boy rests his legs in the water. In addition to Bathers at Asnieres, he
is best known for a work depicting several people relaxing near a waterway as a woman with a large behind has a
monkey on a leash. For 10 points, name this pointillist painter of Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jatte.
ANSWER: Georges-Pierre Seurat
14. Two characters in this novel are shunned from their home country after they throw a newly wed couple off their
sled to divert a pack of hungry wolves chasing them. The title character is enthralled by the music of the Blind
D’Arnault, who plays at Mrs. Gardener’s hotel, and later she avoids being raped by Wick Cutter. Lena Lingard
convinces the narrator to visit the title character after she has been abandoned by her fiancée Larry Donovan, and
later she marries Anton Cuzak after moving back to Nebraska. For 10 points, identify this novel in which Jim
Burden describes his encounters with the Shimerda family written by Willa Cather.
ANSWER: My Antonia
15. One member of this house gained hereditary lands in the Treaty of Krakow, which made him a vassal of the king
of Poland. A second member of this house replaced Alexander John Cuza and established this house’s Sigmaringen
branch, which ruled in Romania, and after the deposition of Isabella II, another member of this house was offered
the throne of Spain but declined due to French opposition. This house split into Swabian and Franconian branches,
and its members came to prominence as Murgraves of Brandenburg. For 10 points, name this family which included
Frederick the Great and two Kaiser Wilhelms, and which ruled Prussia and the unified Germany.
ANSWER: House of Hohenzollern
16. The “Salt Pan” is a section of the Cienaga de Zapatas Park, which is located in its Matanzas province. The
longest river in this country partly forms the border between the Holguin and Granma provinces after originating in
the Sierra Maestra, and the chain of islands extending from its Hicasos peninsula to the Nuevitas bay is called the
Sabana-Camaguey archipelago. Isla de la Juventud is located south of the Gulf of Batabano off the Caribbean coast
of this country, whose cities include Pinar del Rio and Santiago. Located south of the Straits of Florida, for 10
points, identify this country whose easternmost province is Guantanamo and whose capital is Havana.
ANSWER: Republic of Cuba
17. This writer discussed nasal reflexes and the concept of “Hamlet the hysteric” in a series of letters written to
Wilhelm Fliess. One of his works argues that the murder of the title figure is the basis of the Jewish faith while
another argues that the title structured society infringes on individual desires, leading to the title misery. In addition
to Moses and Monotheism and Civilization and its Discontents, he explored incest in primitive cultures in Totem and
Taboo and discussed the concepts of id, ego, and superego in Beyond the Pleasure Principle. For 10 points, name
this writer of The Interpretation of Dreams, the founder of psychoanalysis.
ANSWER: Sigmund Freud
18. Enrico Caruso legendarily added an extra high C at the end of this opera’s aria “Di quella pira.” One character
sings about her mother who was burned alive in “Stride la Vampa,” and she later confesses that to get her vengeance
she stole her enemy’s son but accidentally threw her own son into the fire. The Duchess Leonora drinks poison after
selling herself to secure the freedom of the title character, and the opera ends when the gypsy Azucena reveals the
title character is actually Count di Luna’s brother. For 10 points, name this opera concluding with Manrico’s
execution that features “The Anvil Chorus,” composed by Giuseppi Verdi.
ANSWER: Il Trovatore [accept The Troubadour]
19. The Kidd glycoproteins present on their surface act as urea transporters. Spectrin and ankyrin are found in the
cytoskeletal network of these cells and antibodies on their surface are detected by the direct Coombs test. They
express high levels of CD47, which prevents phagocytosis by macrophages in the spleen, and kidneys release EPO
which stimulate the production of these. Excess production of them results in polycythemia, and their count is
depressed in anemia. Produced in the bone marrow, they are biconcave and lack nuclei. For 10 points, identify these
cells that contain hemoglobin, and help transport oxygen to tissues.
ANSWER: red blood cells [or RBCs; or erythrocytes]
20. Upon ascending to his highest office, he married Aseneth, the daughter of a priest of On. He gave his first son by
Aseneth a name meaning “oblivion,” while his nephews were given names like Belah, Ashbel, Gera, and Ehi to
honor him. He planted a silver cup in one of his brothers’ bags in order to test them; Judah would loyally demand
that this man sacrifice him instead of Benjamin. He tricked his dying father into blessing his son Ephraim before his
other son Manessah, and was appointed Viceroy of Egypt after advising the storage of grain based on his analysis of
the Pharaoh’s dream. For 10 points, name this first son of Rachel and Jacob who had a multicolored coat.
ANSWER: Joseph [accept Yosef or Yusuf]
TB. One of its rulers traded blows with the Aetolian League before signing the Treaty of Phoenice, in which he
renounced an alliance formed with Hannibal after Cannae. Lucius Aemilius Paulus defeated another of its rulers at
Pydna after his aforementioned father had lost at Cynoscephalae. Another ruler of it introduced the sarissa, a twenty
foot pike, which allowed him to win at Crocus Field and Chaeronea before being killed by his bodyguard Pausanias.
His son would expand this place’s control at battles like Granicus, Issus, and Gaugamela, where he defeated Darius
III and conquered Persia. For 10 points, name this kingdom home to Phillip II and Alexander the Great.
ANSWER: Macedon [do not accept “Macedonia”]
Packet by Cornell (Eugene Karlic, Barry Liu, Sinead Lykins, Miriam Nussbaum, Daniel Rothenberg, Arjun
Sivakumar, Jim Zhang)
Bonuses
1. The two title characters answer to each other’s names, play Questions, and flip a coin a bunch of times before
they die like they’re supposed to. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this play, whose title is from Hamlet, and which features familiar characters like Polonius as well as
original ones like Alfred.
ANSWER: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
[10] This author of Jumpers and The Real Inspector Hound wrote Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead.
ANSWER: Tom Stoppard [or Tomáš Straussler]
[10] Henry Carr reminisces about his role in a production of The Importance of Being Earnest in this play centering
the on the interactions between Tristan Tzara, Lenin, and James Joyce in Zurich during World War One.
ANSWER: Travesties
2. The Devshirme system of conscription was used to recruit these soldiers. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these slave warriors who were mostly Christians or converts to Islam, and were first employed by Sultan
Murad I.
ANSWER: The Janissaries [or Yeniceri]
[10] The Janissaries saw their end in this 1826 event after their rebellion against Sultan Mahmud’s reforms.
ANSWER: the Auspicious Incident
[10] The Janissaries must have been particularly useful to the Ottomans during the 1453 fall of this city, which
resulted in the Ottomans gaining this Byzantine capital. The conquest of this city was led by Sultan Mehmet II.
ANSWER: Constantinople
3. It exists in systems where all improvements for one party would result in some corresponding worsening of
conditions for another. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this indicator of economic optimality, named for an Italian who is also often identified as the originator
of indifference curves.
ANSWER: Pareto efficiency [or Pareto optimality]
[10] In his landmark work Collective Choice and Social Welfare, this economist showed that Pareto efficiency is
mutually exclusive with the concept of personal liberty. He is also known for Poverty and Famines.
ANSWER: Amartya Sen
[10] An extension of Pareto efficiency named for this economist and Kaldor. He has a namesake demand function
often contrasted with that of Marshall.
ANSWER: John Hicks
4. In the body, a certain dehydrogenase catalyzes the interconversion between it and pyruvate. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this compound produced in the muscles under anaerobic conditions.
ANSWER: lactic acid [or lactate]
[10] Lactate cycled from the muscles to this large organ through blood. It then combines the lactate back into a
glucose molecule via gluconeogenesis.
ANSWER: Liver
[10] The cycling of lactate from the muscles to the liver is known by this name, which usually occurs after most
exercising is done.
ANSWER: Cori cycle
5. Identify these artists of various works all colloquially entitled Madonna Enthroned, for 10 points each.
[10] This man’s San Barnabas and Bardi altarpieces both feature versions of Madonna Enthroned. He is better
known for his Madonna of the Pomogranate and for Primavera.
ANSWER: Sandro Boticelli [accept: Alessandro Filipepi]
[10] His Ognissanti Madonna includes the twelve apostles surrounding the throne and two angels kneeling before
the throne. He also painted works like Lamentation and The Last Judgement in the Arena Chapel in Padua.
ANSWER: Giotto di Bondone
[10] He painted a Madonna Enthroned with St. Francis as well as a Madonna of Santa Trinita. Known for his
departure from the Byzantine style, the Rucellai Madonna was mistakenly attributed to this man by Vasari.
ANSWER: Cimabue [or Cenni di Pepo]
6. Identify these components of the War of 1812, for 10 points each.

[10] This battle preceded the war, and saw the Americans defeat a Native American force outside Prophetstown. It
was later used as part of a catchy Presidential slogan for the winning American general.
ANSWER: Battle of Tippecanoe
[10] Culminating in 1814, this campaign was an effort by the Americans to take control of Canada. The Battle of
Lundy's Lane was the major engagement.
ANSWER: Niagara Campaign
[10] Occurring weeks after the signing of the Treaty of Ghent, the American coalition including Jean Lafitte's pirates
and some sympathetic Eastern Woodland Native Americans delivered a victory that would enhance the reputation of
Andrew Jackson.
ANSWER: Battle of New Orleans
7. Identify these Alexander Pushkin works, for 10 points each.

[10] The title character kills Lensky in a duel after flirting with his fiancée Olga in this verse novel.
ANSWER: Eugene Onegin [or Yevgeniy Onegin]
[10] A knight of Kievan Russia journeys to find his bride, who has been abducted on their wedding night by the
wizard Chernomor in this Pushkin work that is the basis for a Glinka opera.
ANSWER: Ruslan and Lyudmila [or Ruslan i Lyudmila]
[10] A young man who has seen his family and his livelihood destroyed by a flood of the Neva River, blames the
misfortune on a royal statue in his home city.
ANSWER: The Bronze Horseman [or Medniy Vsadnik]
8. In 1949 William Giauque won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. For 10 points each:
[10] To reach temperatures a fraction of a Kelvin above this very cold temperature, Giauque proposed a refrigerator
that used the process of adiabatic demagnetization.
ANSWER: absolute zero [accept zero Kelvins; or zero degrees Rankine; or negative 273.15 degrees Celsius; or
negative 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit]
[10] This property is important to adiabatic demagnetization. Under a strong magnetic field, the magnetic moments
of the atoms of materials with this property partially align parallel with the field, thus becoming magnetized.
ANSWER: paramagnetism [word forms acceptable]
[10] Giauque was interested in low temperatures verify this physical law, which in one form states that at absolute
zero, the magnetic moments of a paramagnetic material are perfectly parallel. Walther Nernst did work on this law,
which is sometimes named for him.
ANSWER: Third Law of Thermodynamics [prompt on attempts at abbreviation like “3LT”]
9. He took a vow of chastity, rebuilt St. Peter’s abbey at Westminster, and did not name his great-nephew, Edgar the
Ætheling, as his heir. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this English monarch, the son of Ethelred the Unready, who ruled from 1042 to 1066 and was canonized
in 1161.
ANSWER: Edward III [or Edward the Confessor]
[10] This Earl of Wessex and brother-in-law of Edward was elected king by the Witenagemot on Edward’s death.
The last Saxon king of England, he notably lost the Battle of Hastings.
ANSWER: Harold II [or Harold Godwinson]
[10] This brother of Harold Godwinson was outlawed for having two thegns illegally executed, after which he was
replaced as Earl of Northumbria by Morcar. Having formed an alliance with Harald Hardrada, he fought against his
brother and was killed at the Battle of Stamford Bridge.
ANSWER: Tostig Godwinson
10. The Bermejo Pass lies to the south of this peak and a famous statue of Christ is located there. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this mountain, first scaled by Matthias Zurbriggen, whose namesake river empties into the Pacific
north of Valparaiso.
ANSWER: Mount Aconcagua
[10] Puncak Jaya is the highest point on the Australian continental plate. It belongs to this large island which is
separated from Australia by the Torres strait, and is home to a country with capital Port Morseby
ANSWER: New Guinea [do not accept: Papua New Guinea]
[10] The last of the Seven Summits to be scaled, this peak is located in Antarctica’s Ellsworth Mountains and is
named after a United States Congressman.
ANSWER: Vinson Massif [or Mount Vinson]
11. Working titles for this movie include Anhedonia, It Had to Be Jew, Me and My Goy, and Rollercoaster Named
Desire. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this 1977 Best Picture Oscar winner, a romantic comedy which chronicles the relationship between the
comedian Alvy Singer and the title character, played by Diane Keaton.
ANSWER: Annie Hall
[10] In addition to starring as Alvy, this man won the Best Director Oscar for Annie Hall. This man also directed
What’s Up, Tiger Lily? and had relationships with Mia Farrow and his adopted stepdaughter Soon-Yi Previn. Gross.
ANSWER: Woody Allen [accept Allen Stewart Konigsberg]
[10] Woody Allen also voiced Z, the main character of this 1998 Dreamworks CGI movie. In it, Z and the Sharon
Stone-voiced Princess Bala search for Insectopia, and this movie is definitely not to be confused with A Bug’s Life.
ANSWER: Antz
12. A.J. destroys the restaurant Chez Robert by releasing a hundred hogs onto the premises, and later he ruins Ali
Hassan’s orgy by decapitating many of its participants while imitating a pirate. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel in which Bill Lee explores the Freeland Republic and Interzone.
ANSWER: Naked Lunch
[10] This author of The Soft Machine, Queer, and Junkie wrote Naked Lunch.
ANSWER: William S. Burroughs
[10] Burroughs appears as “Bull Lee” in this novel that also features Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty, a
fictionalization of the Beat generation by Jack Kerouac.
ANSWER: On the Road
13. The “Aino” theme is featured in this composer’s Seventh Symphony in C Major, which is famous for only having
one movement. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this nationalistic composer, who wrote The Origin of Fire and Pohjola’s Daughter, who also created the
patriotic tone poem Finlandia.
ANSWER: Jean Sibelius [or Janne Sibelius]
[10] This work was originally envisioned as the opera The Building of the Boat, and the first of its four sections
shows the title character meeting the “Maidens of the Island” and is based on the Kalevala.
ANSWER: Lemminkäinen Suite
[10] An English horn solo represents this bird “of Tuonela” in tone poem, the third part of the Lemminkäinen Suite.
ANSWER: a swan [or “The Swan of Tuonela”]
14. In the Old Testament book named for this figure, Mordechai foils the assassination plot led by Bigthan and
Teresh. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this second wife of King Ahasueras, the namesake of the book in which Haman attempts and fails to
exterminate the Jews.
ANSWER: Esther [accept the Book of Esther]
[10] This holiday, also known as the Feast of Lots, occurs on the 14th of Adar and celebrates the deliverance of the
Jews as told in the Book of Esther.
ANSWER: Purim
[10] Ahasueras’ first wife Vashti was the daughter of this king of Babylon who, according to the Book of Daniel,
saw the writing on the wall at a notable feast he held.
ANSWER: Belshazzar [accept Balthazar or Bel-sarra-usur]
15. Identify the following about a class of reactions, for 10 points each.
[10] The simplest form of this class of reactions sees the addition of hydrogen atoms or gaining of electrons by non
metals.
ANSWER: reductions [be lenient and prompt on “hydrogenation”]
[10] In this reduction reaction, hydrazine is used in the presence of a strong base like potassium hydroxide to
convert ketones and aldehydes into alkanes. It is named for a Russian and a German chemist.
ANSWER: Wolff-Kishner Reduction
[10] The Clemmensen reduction is an acidic analogue of the Wolff Kishner reduction, which uses an amalgam of
this element and mercury. This element plates galvanized steel.
ANSWER: Zinc [accept Zn]
16. Name these Marshals of France, for 10 points each.

[10] This brother in law of Napoleon commanded the cavalry during Napoleon’s Egyptian expedition. He later
became King on Naples and Sicily, but after the end of the Hundred Days he was executed in Calabria.
ANSWER: Joachim Murat
[10] This man’s service under Napoleon included the command of the outflanking maneuver which led to the
capture of the Austrian army at Ulm. In 1810 he was elected King of Sweden and established the dynasty that reigns
in Sweden to this day.
ANSWER: Jean-Baptiste Jules Bernadotte [or Charles XIV John; or Karl XIV Johan]
[10] This man was hailed as the “savior of Verdun” for his actions during WWI, but was convicted of treason and
sentenced to life in prison by De Gaulle due to his involvement with the Vichy government during WWII.
ANSWER: Phillippe “Marshal” Petain
17. Answer the following about Canada’s involvement in World War II, for 10 points each.
[10] Although they had to overcome a seawall twice as large as the one the US encountered at Omaha, the
Canadians who landed at this beach during Operation Overlord were the only Allied unit to reach their D-Day
objectives.
ANSWER: Juno beach
[10] Canada’s first action in the war, however, was the unsuccessful defense of this then-British protectorate, which
fell to the Japanese on December 25, 1941, amidst substantial Canadian casualties.
ANSWER: Hong Kong
[10] The Canadians were also involved in the disastrous 1942 raid on this port on the Northern coast of France.
Mountbatten claimed that, “I have no doubt that the Battle of Normandy was won on the beaches of…” this place.
ANSWER: Dieppe [prompt on Operation Rutter or Operation Jubilee]
18. At one point in this novel, Rostipov is called in to examine Clara del Valle, who has stopped talking. Later,
Clara interpretes a dream that helps the gardener Honorio win at gambling. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this novel, in which Clara finally speaks in order to announce that she is going to marry Esteban
Trueba. It then follows three generations of the Trueba family after their move from the Tres Marias plantation.
ANSWER: The House of the Spirits [or La Casa de los Espíritus]
[10] In addition to writing about Tao Chi’en helping Eliza Sommers pursue her lover Joaquin Andieta to California
in Daughter of Fortune, this female Chilean author wrote Of Love and Shadows and House of the Spirits.
ANSWER: Isabel Allende Llona
[10] This storytelling title character of two Allende novels sleeps with Riad after Riad’s wife Zulema shoots himself,
but eventually falls in love with the photographer Rolf Carlé.
ANSWER: Eva Luna [accept either]
19. These cells are crescent shaped cells and their shape varies with changing turgor pressure. For 10 points each.
[10] Identify these cells regulated by potassium ion pumps, whose uptake of potassium ions is thought to be
inhibited by abscisic acid.
ANSWER: Guard Cells
[10] This is the structure formed by two guard cells, whose opening and closing allows for diffusion of carbon
dioxide and water vapor in plant cells.
ANSWER: stomata
[10] In this plant pathway, oxaloacetic acid is converted to malic acid during nighttime. In it, stomata are closed in
the morning, but are open in nighttime, and it is exemplified by cacti and epiphytic bromeliads
ANSWER: CAM [or crassulacean acid metabolism]
20. When he first appeared in the Gylfaginning, this figure claimed to be called Skrymir. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this giant who tricked Thjalfi into racing against the personification of thought and rigged an eating
contest between Loki and the personification of fire.
ANSWER: Utgard-Loki [or Utgarda-Loki]
[10] The most prominent figure tricked by Utgard-Loki was this Norse god of thunder, the wielder of Mjolnir, who
lost a wrestling match against Elli, the personification of old age.
ANSWER: Thor [accept Thunor, Thunaer, Thunraz, or Donar]
[10] Thor also failed to completely lift Utgard-Loki’s cat, who unbeknownst to him was actually this child of
Angrboda and Loki, a constant foe of Thor who will kill and be killed by him at Ragnarok.
ANSWER: Jormungandr [accept the Midgard Serpent, Midgardsormr, or the World Serpent]
21. The title character is alarmed when he sees the ghost of “The Black Friar,” which appears only before weddings
and deaths while he is staying at the house of Lady Adeline. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this epic poem in which the title character has tryst with the Indian princess Haidee after being forced to
flee Spain for sleeping with Donna Julia.
ANSWER: Don Juan
[10] This author of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage wrote “Don Juan”
ANSWER: Lord Byron
[10] The narrator of this poem asserts “all that’s best of dark and bright” converge in the title character, who is first
described as “like the night / Of cloudless climes and starry skies.”
ANSWER: “She Walks in Beauty”
Packet by Dartmouth A (Anirudh Jangalapalli, Randall Maas, Dominic Machado, and Tiberiu Moga)
Tossups
1. Under the leadership of Nicholas Geffard, this country signed a treaty allowed missionaries from the Vatican
greater freedoms. The Boukman rebellion occurred in this country, and from 1849 to 1859 it was ruled by Emperor
Faustin I. Jean Boyer led this nation after the death of Alexander Petion, who clashed with a man who established an
independent northern kingdom, Henri Christophe. Another leader of this country came to power after the resignation
of Paul Magloire, and that man's advisor Clement Barbot organized the secret police, the Tontons Macoutes. For 10
points, identify this nation which saw a successful slave rebellion led by Toussaint-L'ouverture.
ANSWER: Republic of Haiti [or Repiblik Dayti; or Republique d'Haiti]
2. Ellis Davidson proposed that this character was in league with the Vanir because he also “knew the future well.”
A Norse kenning for “head” is “sword of [this man],” and a kenning for “sword” is “head of [this man].” His own
sword was Hofund, and he has three nicknames that mean “Bent Stick,” “Wind Shelter,” and “Golden-Toothed.”
The nine daughters of Aegir may have been the nine mothers of this character, who fathered the progenitors of
mankind and allegedly could hear grass grow. For 10 points, name this “white god,” a member of the Aesir who
will sound the Gjallerhorn at Ragnarok, and who guards the Bifrost bridge.
ANSWER: Heimdallr
3. The most important source for this man’s life is Priscus, and the Battle of Nedao saw one his sons killed by
Ardaric, who had earlier allied with this ruler as leader of the Gepids. His other allies included Valamir, leader of
the Ostrogoths, and he planned to attack the Visigothic kingdom of Tolouse with Valentinian III. He succeeded his
uncle Rua with his co-ruler and brother Bleda, and trouble started when Honoria sent this man an engagement ring
and he demanded half the Western Roman Empire as a dowry. He was defeated by Theodoric I and Flavius Aetius
at the Battle of Chalons. For 10 points, name this “Scourge of God,” the most famous leader of the Huns.
ANSWER: Attila the Hun
4. The text “Transmissions of the Lamp” describes the lineages of this religion’s followers. The “Wake-up” and
“Bloodstream” sermons are attributed to one of its founders, who is said to have descended from the man who
developed it after hearing the Flower Sermon. Its six patriarchs include Sengcan the author of the Plaform Sutra,
Huineng, and it was brought to China by Bodhidharma. Two of its “five houses” include the Soto and the Rinzai,
which differ on the way achieve satori, and it uses texts like The Gateless Gate and The Blue Cliff Record. For 10
points, identify this sect of Buddhism, which is noted for its use of koans and meditation.
ANSWER: Zen Buddhism [accept Chan or Dhyana, prompt on “Buddhism”]
5. The main narrative of this poem is interrupted by a “loud uproar” and “vesper bell” that bids the title character to
pray, while he notes later that “He prayeth best, who loveth best/ All things both great and small.” The title character
falls asleep and dreams of buckets filled with dew, after he had previously blessed a nest of writhing sea snakes. In
the opening section, the title character seizes “one of three” wedding guests and recounts his long journey at sea,
including the ill-advised shooting of the Albatross. For 10 points, name this poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
ANSWER: “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”
6. It has been nicknamed “the forest,” because each beam in its construction came from a different tree. A later
addition to it was performed by Bellu, who created a second spire on an octagonal base supported by four transept
pillars. One of its windows, designed by Jean de Chelles and Pierre de Montreuil, has corner pieces that represent
the descent into Hell and the resurrection of Christ. Unlike that South Rose Window, its transept and famous spire
were rebuilt in the 1800s in an effort led by Eugene Viollet-le-Duc. Originally constructed under the orders of
Maurice de Sully and found on the Ile de la Cite, for 10 points, name this Gothic cathedral located in Paris.
ANSWER: the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris [“Paris” is not necessary after it is said]
7. One result of this effect was explained by the creation of quasiparticles in a quantum fluid by Laughlin, and
Dyakonov and Perel predicted a version of it dependent on spin. It can be used to find hole density in a
semiconductor, and von Klitzing showed that under certain situations this effect is quantized. This effect
distinguishes between a negative current and a positive current flowing in the opposite direction, and it creates a
Lorentz force, resulting in the deflection of charge carriers by a magnetic field. For 10 points, name this effect in
which a potential difference is created across a conductor by a perpendicular magnetic field.
ANSWER: Hall Effect [accept fractional quantum Hall effect or quantum Hall effect]
8. In one election, this man defeated Hal Suit after overcoming a man he labeled “Cufflinks Carl” in the primary.
His presidency saw a scandal involving his budget director, Bert Lance, and he threatened military response to
Soviet action near the Persian Gulf in his namesake doctrine. During his presidency, the United States entered into
full diplomatic relations with China and ceded the Panama Canal to Panama. He also signed the SALT II agreement
and brokered the Camp David Accords, though he is better remembered for poor handling of the Iran hostage crisis.
For 10 points, name this former Georgia Governor, the U.S. President from 1977 to 1981.
ANSWER: James Earl “Jimmy” Carter, Jr.
9. This compound is the starting ingredient in an industrial process where it complexes with palladium tetrachloride
and is attacked by a water molecule to form an alcohol intermediate; that process gives acetaldehyde from this
compound and is called the Wacker process. The catalytic activity of a titanium-aluminum complex in promoting
the polymerization of this compound was discovered by Karl Ziegler, and the simplest cyclic ether is a derivative of
this compound called oxirane. The diol of this compound is commonly used as an antifreeze agent and is known at
its namesake glycol. For 10 points, identify this chemical, the simplest alkene with formula C2H4.
ANSWER: ethylene [accept C2H4 until mentioned; accept ethene]
10. This composer had the violin play 2/4 against the persistent 6/8 beat of the orchestra in his work for Pablo
Sarasate, Introduction and Rondo Capriccioso, while a Nubian love song he found in Luxor inspired his fifth piano
concerto in F Major subtitled “Egyptian.” In one work a violin enters playing an A chord against an E-flat chord
tuned down a half step, which is answered by a xylophone solo representing a skeletons dance, and another work has
movements titled “Characters with Long Ears,” “Fossils,” and “The Swan.” For 10 points, name this composer of
Danse Macabre and Carnival of the Animals.
ANSWER: Camille Saint-Saens
11. The central figure in this work dreams of a woman “clothed in a white raiment” who tells him that he will die in
three days. The title character claims that Simmias and Cebes have offered to support his plans, and he argues that it
is morally wrong for a man to intentionally orphan his children The central figure maintains that the disapproval of
the majority should not be a motivating factor, and offers a hypothetical conversation with the laws of Athens
illustrating that he is bound by an “implied contract.” For 10 points, identify this Platonic dialogue in which Socrates
refuses to escape from prison with the title character.
ANSWER: the Crito
12. Walter Baade found a second type of Cepheid variable stars in its globular cluster because they are much fainter
than ones in this object’s Population I regions. SN 1885, the first supernova to be discovered outside the Milky Way
was discovered here by Ernst Hartwig, and the brightest globular cluster in the local group, Globular One, is located
in it. Simon Marius, the first to observe it through a telescope, described it as a “candle shining through horn.” It
shares its name with a constellation whose alpha star is Alpheratz. Called M31 in the Messier Catalog, for 10 points,
identify this large spiral galaxy closest to the Milky Way.
ANSWER: Andromeda
13. One character of this name was transformed into a rabbit when travelling to the Sacred Realm as a result of
actions that occurred during the Imprisoning War, during which another figure of this name became engaged to a
water princess, Ruto. Aryll is kidnapped due to a resemblance to his sister, and this figure rescues her by defeating
the Helmaroc King after travelling the Great Sea. One incarnation of this character is accompanied by Tatl, while
another breaks the curse of the Great Deku Tree. For 10 points, give the name of these characters who generally use
such tools as the Hookshot, and the Master Sword to defeat Ganon and rescue Princess Zelda.
ANSWER: Link, Sworn Brother of Gorons [accept Rinku; prompt on Hero of Time, Hero of Wind, Waker of
Winds, Hero of Twilight, or Hero of Men]
14. One of this writer’s narrators comments that woodcocks remind him of a mad woman who froze after being
abandoned in a forest tied to her bed by vindictive soldiers, and a group of repentant prostitutes inspire an entire
church congregation to weep during Constance’s confirmation in “Madame Tellier’s Establishment.” The title
character of one work gives her wine to nourish Mrs. Carre-Lamadon, before she is coerced into sleeping with a
Prussian officer and another story ends when Jeanne Forestier reveals to Matthilde Loisel that the title object is a
fake. For 10 points, name this author who penned “Ball of Fat” and “The Necklace.”
ANSWER: Guy de Maupassant
15. In the late seventeenth century, this polity was bankrupted by an unsuccessful attempt to establish a colony in
Panama, the Darién Scheme. The death at sea of The Maid of Norway set off a succession crisis here known as the
“Great Cause,” which was won by a man nicknamed “Empty Coat.” That man, John Balliol, was taken captive after
the Battle of Dunbar by England’s Edward I, known as the “Hammer” of this kingdom’s people. This kingdom
ceased to exist in 1707 with the Acts of Union, when it was subsumed into Great Britain. For 10 points, name this
kingdom whose kings included Kenneth MacAlpin and Robert the Bruce.
ANSWER: Kingdom of Scotland [or Kingdom of the Scots]
16. The Dolores and Virgin Rivers are tributaries of this larger river, and it flows by the Vermillion Cliffs National
Monument. Fort Collins is located to the East of the Poudre Pas Lake, where this river begins. One can go gambling
in the casino at Lake Havasu City which lies along this river, while Interstate Highway 10 crosses it near the city of
Blythe. The Gila River is a tributary of this river which empties into the Gulf of California, while Lake Powell lies
on it due to the creation of the Glen Canyon dam. For 10 points, identify this long river in the American Southwest
which shares its name with a state and also passes through the Grand Canyon.
ANSWER: Colorado River
17. In Ojimbwe myth, the grandson of Nokomis, Manabohzo, successfully disguised himself as a rabbit in order to
obtain this object from an old man and his daughter. In the Aeneid, Latinus seeks out an oracle after seeing a wreath
made of it on the head of his daughter, Lavinia. In Hinduism, this is believed to have seven tongues and carry
prayers and soma to heaven, and is personified by the messenger Agni. Temples to the Roman goddess Vesta
featured virgin priestesses assigned to guard an eternal one. For 10 points, name this substance, which was stolen
against the will of Zeus and given to man by Prometheus.
ANSWER: fire (accept reasonable equivalents such as flame etc.)
18. A female author from this country wrote Miss Sophie’s Diary. One author from this country wrote the collection
Call to Arms, which included a work about a man who fears cannibals, A Madman’s Diary, and one about a man
who has a lot of “spiritual victories,” The True Story of Ah Q. Another author from here wrote the absurdist plays
Signal Alarm and Bus Stop and the novel Soul Mountain, for which he won the 2000 Nobel. This country’s Four
Great Classical Novels include one about 108 bandits and one about the pilgrimage to India of a monk. The origin of
Outlaws of the Marsh and Journey to the West, for 10 points, identify this country of Lu Xun and Gao Xingjian.
ANSWER: People’s Republic of China [accept Zhongguo or Zhonghua Remin Gongheguo; do not accept
“Republic of China,” feel free to accept a magical psychic buzz with Ding Ling before “this country”]
19. In an important experiment, its beta subunits were bonded to nickel on a glass surface, and an actin filament
attached to its gamma subunit was observed. Its mechanism was elucidated in an experiment when sunlight was
shone towards artifical vesicles containing bacteriorhodopsin, and it is inhibited by DCCD and oligomycin. The
gamma subunit of the F0 rotates as protons pass through, and the proton motive force releases the product of this
enzyme. For 10 points, identify this enzyme present in the mitochondrion, which uses chemiosmosis to catalyze the
production of a high energy molecule by phophorylating ADP.
ANSWER: ATP synthase [or adenosine tri-phosphate synthase]
20. This author wrote about Father Fish who mentors Richard, a schoolboy who crushes a snake after skipping an
Easter vigil to go swimming at the end of his novel The Morning Watch. One of his stories subtitled “Summer 1915”
was used for a Samuel Barber work, and he wrote about the tenant families the Woods, Gudgers, and Wicketts in a
book featuring the photography of Walker Evans. In addition to “Knoxville” and Let us Now Praise Famous Men, in
one novel Andrew Lynch tells Rufus that he saw a butterfly land on the coffin of Jay Follet. For 10 points, name this
author, who wrote A Death in the Family.
ANSWER: James Agee
TB. This must decrease as rival firms’ aggregate output increases in order for Cournot competition to hold, and if a
strictly positive subsistence level is introduced to a CES function, this quantity becomes non-monotonic. It is given
by price times the quantity 1 minus 1 over demand elasticity, showing that its sign is an indicator of elasticity. In
oligopolies, this curve has a jump due to the kinked demand curve, and in monopolies, a deadweight loss is caused
because this curve, and not demand, determines quantity sold. For 10 points, name this curve that generally marks
equilibrium where it meets marginal cost, and which measures the added revenue of an additional unit sold.
ANSWER: marginal revenue [prompt on MR]
Packet by Dartmouth A (Anirudh Jangalapalli, Randall Maas, Dominic Machado, and Tiberiu Moga)
Bonuses
1. He gained his famous nickname from the size of his mouth, for 10 points each.
[10] Identify this Jazz trumpter, who neglected to correct Percy Brooks’ shortening of “Satchelmouth” to “Satchmo”
and popularized the songs “Stardust” and “Heebie Jeebies.”
ANSWER: Louis Armstrong
[10] Armstrong, like Ella Fitzgerald, performed this type of jazz singing characterized by vocal improvisation using
nonsense sounds instead of words.
ANSWER: scat singing
[10] Armstrong sang of “bright blessed days” and “dark sacred nights,” which led him to express the titular
sentiment of this 1967 hit.
ANSWER: “What a Wonderful World”
2. The title character’s first job, as apprentice to a pundit, left him with permanent stomach troubles after being
forced to eat seven bananas. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this novel, in which the title journalist desperately wants to own the title object, which symbolizes his
freedom from his wife Shama of the Tulsi clan.
ANSWER: A House for Mr. Biswas
[10] A House for Mr. Biswas was written by this Trinidadian Nobel Laureate, also the author of The Mystic
Masseur, In a Free State, and such nonfiction works as India: A Wounded Civilization.
ANSWER: Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
[10] Characters who live near the title location of this Naipaul work include Bogart, who is arrested for bigamy, the
carpenter Mr. Popo, and the poet B. Wordsworth, who has completed one line of the greatest poem ever.
ANSWER: Miguel Street
3. This figure, originally known as Demne, took over leadership of the Fianna from Goll mac Morna, finally
stopping Aillen from burning down the castle of Tara on Samhain. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this Irish mythological hero, who built the Giant’s Causeway and threw the Isle of Man at a rival, the
namesake of the Fenian cycle.
ANSWER: Finn McCool [accept Fionn Mac Cumhaill]
[10] While studying under Finnegas, Finn McCool caught this type of fish “of knowledge” and burned his thumb on
it while cooking, ingesting its oils and gaining clairvoyance.
ANSWER: a salmon [accept Salmon of Knowledge]
[10] The Fenian cycle was narrated by this son of Finn and Sadbh [SAHV or SIGH-V], whose name means “fawn.”
ANSWER: Oisin [accept Ossian]
4. It has the form y equals 8 a cubed divided by the quantity x squared plus 4 a squared. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this curve named for a female Italian mathematician, which asymptotically approaches 0 as x
approaches plus or minus infinity, and which can be generated by extending all chords passing through a fixed point
on the circle.
ANSWER: witch of Agnesi [or Agnesienne; or cubique d’Agnesi]
[10] This other curve is traced out by a fixed point on the circumference of a rolling circle. It is represented by the
parametric equations x = a times quantity t minus sin t and y = a times quantity one minus cosine t.
ANSWER: cycloid
[10] The cycloid is a solution to 2 problems: one asks for the shortest time to get a bead form point A to B, while
another asks for the set of all points such that the bead placed on any point will fall to the bottom in the same
amount of time. Name either problem.
ANSWER: Brachistochrone problem or Tautochrone problem
5. Answer these questions about a part of Germany for 10 points each.
[10] This southern-most Bundesland or Federal State of Germany is the largest of all the Bundeslands and borders
Austria, the Czech Republic and Switzerland.
ANSWER: Bavaria [or Bayern]
[10] This city that celebrated the 850th year since its founding during Oktoberfest 2008 is the capital of Bavaria. It
was also the site of the 1972 Summer Olympic Games and Hitler’s Beer Hall Putsch.
ANSWER: Munich [or München]
[10] This house ruled Bavaria as dukes until 1806, when Napoleon elevated them to the status of kings. The
Palatinate branch of this house ruled Sweden from 1654 to 1718.
ANSWER: House of Wittelsbach
6. Aunt Patsy offers boarding to the mysterious twins Aneglo and Luigi Capello. For 10 points each:
[10] The title character of this novel becomes the mayor of Dawson’s Landing, and later helps implicate “Tom” in
the murder of Judge Driscoll through his fingerprinting hobby.
ANSWER: The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson and the Comedy of Those Extraordinary Twins.
[10] This man authored Puddn’head Wilson, in addition to works such as The Gilded Age and The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn.
ANSWER: Mark Twain [or Samuel Langhorne Clemens]
[10] Simon Wheeler tells the narrator about Jim Smiley’s bet on the title creature in this short story.
ANSWER: “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County” [accept “The Notorious Jumping Frog of
Calaveras County”]
7. It was stolen during Nadir Shah’s 1739 conquest of Delhi. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this object, supposedly embedded with several precious jewels, which served the seat of a king of an
Indian emperor who married Mumtaz.
ANSWER: Peacock throne
[10] The Peacock throne was used by this husband of Mumtaz, whose father was Jahangir. He built the Taj Mahal.
ANSWER: Shah Jahan [or Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I]
[10] Jahangir was the son of this “Great” emperor, who appointed Birbal as his advisor. Bairam Khan served as a
regent for him, and was victorious at the second battle of Panipat
ANSWER: Akbar the Great [or Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar or Akbar-e-Azam]
8. In one version of this painting, a red sail of a ship can be seen in the background, as several cupids hover about
that mast. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this fete-galante work which depicts several young couples visiting the island where Aphrodite was
born.
ANSWER: The Embarkation for Cythera [or The Pilgrimage to Cythera or l’Embarquement de Cythere or Le
Pelerinage a Cythera or Embarkation from Cythera; anything involving Cythera and going places]
[10] Antoine Watteau’s The Pilgrimage to Cytherea is the classic example of this movement that featured sensuous
portraits and depictions of aristocrats wasting time.
ANSWER: Rococo
[10]Another painter of fetes-galantes was this Frenchman, who also painted works such as Rinaldo and Armida, and
The Toilet of Venus.
ANSWER: Francois Boucher
9. An equation named for Helmholtz and its namesake relates the derivative of the ratio of this quantity and
temperature. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this type of free energy, whose partial derivate with respect to particle number at constant temperature
and pressure is equal to the chemical potential of a system.
ANSWER: Gibbs free energy
[10] If the change in Gibbs free energy of a reaction is negative, then this term describes the way in which the
reaction proceeds.
ANSWER: spontaneous (accept word forms)
[10] Along with Gibbs, this man names an equation which states that the sum of N times the change in chemical
potential over all components is equal to V dP minus S dT.
ANSWER: Pierre Maurice Marie Duhem
10. It opens with an investigation into the murder of Edward Blake, who turns out to be the government-sponsored
Comedian. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this graphic novel featuring such characters as the vigilante Rorshach and the power-mad billionaire
Ozymandias, a work of Alan Moore.
ANSWER: Watchmen
[10] Named after a research project headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer, this character has godlike powers, but
becomes increasingly disinterested in humanity and goes to live on Mars.
ANSWER: Dr. Manhattan [or Dr. Jonathan Osterman]
[10] As graffiti in The Watchmen indicates, it received its title from this Roman satirist’s question quis custodiet
ipsos custodies. Appropriate, as the series addresses superheroes who aren’t being watched.
ANSWER: Juvenal [accept Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis]
11. Answer some question about terms from Islam, for 10 points each.
[10] The 19th of these is named for Maryam, the mother of Isa. Composed of ayat, or verses, the first of these
chapters of the Koran is known as the al-Fatiha, while others include the Heifer and the Honey Bee.
ANSWER: suras [accept surahs or suwar, the Arabic plural]
[10] This phrase begins every sura of the Koran except the ninth. Meaning “In the name of God,” it is followed by
“ar-rahmani ar-rahimi,” which means “most gracious, most merciful.”
ANSWER: bismi-llahi [accept bismillah or basmala]
[10] Considered second in authority and importance to the Koran, these are accounts of the words and deeds of
Mohammed.
ANSWER: ahadith [accept sunna]
12. Identify these major port cities that are not the capital of their respective countries, for 10 points each.
[10] You might have heard that this large port city north of Botany Bay is not its country’s capital. This city is
famous for its Harbour Bridge and its namesake opera house.
ANSWER: Sydney, Australia
[10] Located on a namesake island, this huge conurbation in West Africa is the most populous city on the continent.
In 1991, the capital was moved inland from this city to Abuja.
ANSWER: Lagos, Nigeria
[10] Europe’s second busiest port after Rotterdam is in this city. The Schelde River empties into the North near this
city, and to its northwest lies the Dutch province of Zeeland.
ANSWER: Antwerp, Belgium
13. At the base of the pyramid are physiological requirements, like food, water, and air. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this theory that posits successive levels of human necessities, developed by Abraham Maslow.
ANSWER: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs [accept equivalent as long as the words “hierarchy” and “needs” are
mentioned]
[10] At the top of Maslow’s Hierarchy is this final level, in which a person has reached his or her full potential.
Maslow identified a number of historical figures who reached this level, including Thomas Jefferson, Albert
Einstein, and Eleanor Roosevelt.
ANSWER: Self-actualization
[10] Maslow’s humanistic approach had a great influence on this psychologist, who wrote A Way of Being and On
Becoming a Person and developed client-centered therapy.
ANSWER: Carl Ransom Rogers
14. Name these Handel works, for 10 points each.

[10] This famous oratorio premiered in Dublin in 1742 with a libretto by Charles Jennings and features the
“Hallelujah” chorus.
ANSWER: Messiah
[10] A composition in five movements, which was commissioned by George II to celebrate the conclusion of the
War of Austrian Succession, takes its name from the “Royal” type of these celebratory devices.
ANSWER: fireworks [accept Music for the Royal Fireworks]
[10] “See the conq’ring hero come” is from this Handel oratorio, which features, in addition to the title character, his
brother Simon and Eupolemus, the Jewish ambassador to Rome.
ANSWER: Judas Maccabeus
15. It gives the restoring force as equal to the force constant times the distance from equilibrium. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this law, often used to model the behavior of springs.
ANSWER: Hooke’s law
[10] The force constant for a material is approximately proportional to this property of the material, the measure of
its resistance to compression, symbolized K.
ANSWER: Bulk modulus
[10] This guy generalized Hooke’s law for three-dimensional bodies. More notably he showed that that the length
of the inner product of two vectors is less than or equal to the product of their lengths.
ANSWER: Augustin Louis Cauchy
16. In one speech she asserts, “The Quality of Mercy is not strain’d / It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven /
Upon the place beneath.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this character, who disguises herself as judge Balthasar in The Merchant of Venice, and is forced to
marry the suitor who chooses correctly from three caskets.
ANSWER: Portia
[10] Portia addresses “The Quality of Mercy” speech to this Jewish character, who demands a “pound of flesh” from
the merchant Antonio.
ANSWER: Shylock
[10] Earlier in the play, Portia marries this character after the princes from Morocco and Aragon fail to choose the
right casket. In Act I, he borrows money from Shylock to finance his venture to Belmont.
ANSWER: Bassanio
17. Answer the following questions about the some Civil War battles. For 10 points each:
[10] This battle fought on April 7, 1862 in southwestern Tennessee pitted the Army of the Tennessee against the
Army of the Mississippi. It featured an important defense of the Hornet’s Nest and saw the death of Albert Sidney
Johnston.
ANSWER: Battle of Shiloh [accept Battle of Pittsburg Landing]
[10] This bloodiest single-day battle in American history with over 23,000 casualties was fought near Sharpsburg,
Maryland. Though inconclusive, it gave Lincoln the chance to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
ANSWER: Battle of Antietam
[10] This October 8, 1862 battle fought in Kentucky was a tactical victory for the Confederate forces under Braxton
Bragg and Leonidas Polk over the Union army led by Don Carlos Buell.
ANSWER: Battle of Perryville (accept Battle of Chaplin Hills)
18. It is caused by Human Herpesvirus 8, and the tumors that result from it do not always result from a single
cancerous cell. For 10 points each.
[10] Identify this disease named for a Hungarian, which results in palpable skin lesions, and is elevated in African
populations. It is most commonly seen in patients with suppressed immune systems.
ANSWER: Kaposi sarcoma [accept: KS]
[10] Several people suffering from Kaposi sarcoma are infected with this virus which causes AIDS.
ANSWER: HIV [or Human immunodeficiency virus]
[10] HIV is a retrovirus, which means that it uses this enzyme to copy its RNA genome into DNA, which is
integrated into the host cell DNA by the aptly named integrase.
ANSWER: reverse transcriptase
19. The title character injures himself after falling while hanging up a curtain. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novella about the spiritual angst of a judge in his final days, who dislikes his wife Praskovya and
finds companionship with the farmer Gerasim.
ANSWER: The Death of Ivan Ilyich [or Smert Ivana Illyicha]
[10] Pierre Bezukhov and Natasha Rostova are the main characters of this novel, which also contains a setting of the
Battle of Borodino and is really long.
ANSWER: War and Peace [or Voyna i mir]
[10] The Death of Ivan Ilyich and War and Peace are by this author, probably lesser-known for Hadji Murad.
ANSWER: Leo Tolstoy [or Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy]
20. His crew erected a cross at Algoa Bay, and apparently refused to continue the journey after they saw the African
coast turning north-eastward. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this explorer, who in 1488 became the first European to sail around the southern tip of Africa.
ANSWER: Bartolomeu Dias
[10] Dias died in an expedition where he led a ship under this explorer, who was supposed to follow Da Gama’s
path to India. He apparently sailed southwest from the Cape Verde islands and ended up discovering Brazil.
ANSWER: Pedro Alvarez Cabral
[10] This other Portuguese explorer displaced some Muslim rulers of Goa in the early 1500s, and then went on to
father more children after his conquest of Malacca.
ANSWER: Afonso de Albuquerque
21. They are usually coupled to proteins which contain seven transmembrane alpha helices. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify these proteins which are activated when a GDP molecule is replaced by GTP, and are important in
signal transduction pathways.
ANSWER: G proteins [or guanine nucleotide binding protein]
[10] G proteins also activate adenylate cyclase, which produces this second messenger molecule from ATP. It also
regulates the flow of calcium ions through ion channels.
ANSWER: cyclic AMP [or cyclic Adenosine mono phosphate]
[10] Viagra works its magic by inhibiting the breakdown of cyclic GMP, which is produced from GTP when this
diatomic gas activates guanylyl cyclase. Administration of nitroglycerin causes its release, which decreases blood
pressure by dilating arteries.
ANSWER: nitric oxide [or NO]
Packet by Eden Prairie High School (Gaurav Kandlikar, Neil Fitzgerald, and Sam Daub)
Tossups
1. Margaret Atherton wrote about “How [this man] Can Maintain that Snow is White,” and in one work he argued
against belief in fluxions while another discusses a “visual language.” In addition to writing The Analyst and
Alciphron, he notably argued against abstraction of ideas and presented the likeness principle, while his “master
argument” claimed that it is impossible to conceive a non-conceived object. The author of Treatise Concerning the
Principles of Human Knowledge, he believed that “to be is to be perceived.” For 10 points, name this Irish
philosopher, the author of Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonus.
ANSWER: George Berkeley
2. He wrote about Una Golden who marries Edward Schwirtz instead of Walter Babson in The Job, and a man
discovers he is the descendent of Xavier Pic in Kingsblood Royal. In one work, Doremus Jessup tries to stop the
political career of Buzz Windrip, while another of his characters survives a fire that destroys the “Waters of Jordan
Tabernacle” and Sharon Falconer, after he seduces Lulu Baines at the Mizpah Seminary. This author of It Can’t
Happen Here and Elmer Gantry, also wrote about Erik Valborg’s affair with Carol Kennicott, who fails to reform
Gopher Prairie. For 10 points, name this author of Babbitt and Main Street.
ANSWER: Sinclair Lewis
3. This composer depicted a peasant dreaming of summer while dying in a blizzard in the “trepak” section of his
cycle Song and Dances of Death, and his vocal works include Sunless and The Destruction of Sennacherib. The title
character of one opera has visions of a child he thought was executed at Uglich and is eventually overthrown by the
monk Grigori, who becomes the False Dmitri. Another work features sections titled “The Market at Limoges” and
“The Old Castle” that are connected by the “Promenade” theme. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Boris
Godunov and Pictures at an Exhibition.
ANSWER: Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky
4. A beta-sheet sandwich structure is common to all types of these whose Fab and Fc regions can be separated by
papain based on their crystallizability. Their effector functions are increased through CSR, while somatic
hypermutation occurs in their variable regions and renders a higher affinity for binding sites. They are used in the
ELISA process, and Kohler and Milstein got the Nobel in Medicine for producing the monoclonal varieties of these.
They can easily change isotypes, of which humans have five, and they attach to epitope of their targets by induced
fit. For 10 points, name these y- shaped proteins produced by B Cells, that target and attack foreign antigens.
ANSWER: antibodies [or immunoglobulins]
5. He defended Say’s law by arguing against the possibility of general gluts, and he called for a stable monetary
policy in Proposals for an Economic and Secure Currency. A concept developed by Robert Barro which states that
equilibrium consumption is invariant if the government is financed by tax increases or deficit spending is known as
his “equivalence,” and he also introduced diminishing marginal returns. In another work, he criticized Malthus’
theory of rent, and that work also introduced the theory of comparative advantage. For 10 points, identify this
economist who wrote Principles of Political Economy and Taxation and advanced the “iron law of wages.”
ANSWER: David Ricardo
6. In one his stories a man eats a bewitched pellet that he stole from a museum, which allows him to understand
animals. He wrote about Hans Giebenrath, who mysteriously drowns after he is sent home from the Maulbronn
seminary in Beneath the Wheel, and in another work Pistorius Pistorius introduces the occult god Abraxas to Emil
Sinclair, who later goes to live with Max Demian. The protagonist of another novel is taught to dance by Hermine
and is induced by the saxophonist Pablo to enter the Magic Theater. For 10 points, name this man, who wrote about
Harry Haller in Steppenwolf, and also penned Siddhartha.
ANSWER: Herman Hesse
7. He fled to Hispania after his father committed suicide, and he later commanded the right wing of the Sullan forces
at the Battle of the Colline Gate. He refused the help of the king of Armenia on a notable campaign, which
culminated when his testudo, or tortoise formation, was decimated by the enemy’s horse archers. That campaign,
which he undertook after his defeat of Spartacus and appointment as governor of Syria, was his invasion of Parthia,
during which he was killed after his defeat at Carrhae. For 10 points, name this Roman politician known for his
wealth and association with Pompey and Caesar in the first triumvirate.
ANSWER: Marcus Licinius Crassus
8. One version of this man was known as Enrique and served as the Grand Inquistor of Earth-311. His Earth-9997
incarnation ruled a city in the Savage Land before being depowered by the removal of the Earth’s vibranium. He
placed the Red Skull in “the long dark” with only ten gallons of water, and one version of him led the last resistance
against the infected superheroes of the Marvel Zombies universe. His most well-known incarnation was presumed
dead after Cassandra Nova attacked Genosha with a fleet of Sentinels. For 10 points, name this alter-ego of Erik
Lensherr, leader of the Brotherhood of Evil Mutants, master of magnetism, and frequent enemy of the X-Men?
ANSWER: Magneto [accept Erik Lensherr before stated; or Erik Magnus]
9. James Alexander Walker ran on the American Party ticket in this election, while the Prohibition Party nominated
Green Clay Smith. The running mate of the Democratic Party nominee later served as Cleveland’s first vice
president; that was Thomas Hendricks. The Republic convention saw Roscoe Conkling withdraw from the running
in order to prevent James G. Blaine from getting the nomination. The governor of Oregon declared one of his
electors ineligible, and several electors refused to vote for a certain New Yorker. For 10 points, name this election
which saw an Electoral Commission decide the defeat of Samuel Tilden by Rutherford B. Hayes.
ANSWER: United States Presidential Election of 1876
10. A Mayan example of these ate the heads of the men that Hurakan destroyed and was known as Camulatz. A
three-legged one in Asian myths was variously known as Samjoko or Yatagarasu. One of these was the counterpart
of Behemoth and Leviathan called Ziz. An Egyptian example of them rested on the benben pillar, and another
assisted Prince Zal with the birth of Rostam. In addition to the Bennu and the Simurgh, other examples include the
elephant-eating Roc and a group of part-brass ones that were the target of Heracles’ sixth labor, the Stymphalian
ones. For 10 points, name these creatures whose other mythical exemplars include the phoenix and Raven.
ANSWER: birds
11. This work discusses a “high and urgent purpose in my soul” that inspires Frank Drummer to attempt to
memorize the entire Encyclopedia Britannica, and another section centers on a woman, who declares that “no
mother would let her baby suck / diseased milk” after being dismayed by the advice of Reverend Wiley and Judge
Somers. Several sections refer to the industrialist Thomas Rhodes, and Lucinda Matlock concludes that “It takes life
to love Life” after reflecting on her existence from her grave. For 10 points, name this poetry collection about the
residents of a Midwestern town by Edger Lee Masters.
ANSWER: Spoon River Anthology
12. He is the namesake of reaction where a sugar reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to
yield a glycoside. During his time at Strasboug, he discovered the similarity between hydrazobenzene and phenyl-
hydrazine, and the latter compound and a ketone are used to synthesize indole in a reaction named for him. He also
names a reaction where a tetrahedral intermediate is formed upon the nucleophilic attack of an alcohol group which
is followed by elimination of a hydroxyl group, and 2-dimensional structures used to represent sugars are this man’s
namesake “projections.” For 10 points, identify this German chemist who lends his name to an esterification.
ANSWER: Hermann Emil Fischer
13. Ira Gitler first coined the term “sheets of sound” to describe the style of this jazz musician, who ended one
album with the “musical narration” of a poem that begins “I will do all I can to be worthy of Thee, Oh Lord.” He
collaborated with McCoy Tyner and Elvin Jones in his namesake quartet on albums such as First Meditations and
Gleanings, and his famous chord substitutions based on major third cycles known as his namesake “changes” are
first seen in the track “Lazy Bird” on Blue Train and later seen in “Countdown” and “Naima.” For 10 points, name
this saxophonist, whose albums include Giant Steps and A Love Supreme.
ANSWER: John William Coltrane
14. This religion’s scriptures include the four books of Athlyi, which form the Holy Piby, as well as The Promise
Key. Its members reject "-isms" and use words such as livification, overstanding, and upfulness. Ingesting shellfish,
pork, or alcohol is prohibited because they turn the temple of the body into a cemetery, according to its diet, called I-
tal. Its holidays include “reasonings,” and adherents are taught to reject “Babylon” and that corruption can be burned
out of the heart by smoking ganja, or cannabis. For 10 points, name this religion whose prophets include Marcus
Garvey, which believes that Jah, or God, took the form of Haile Selassie.
ANSWER: Rastafari movement or Rastafarianism
15. This event sees the non proteolytic dissociation of a majority of cohesins from chromosomes by Polo-like kinase
in Xenopus. Plant cells sometimes also need a phragmosome to split large vacuoles during it, and this stage sees the
use of Gamma Tubulin to drive the centrosomes apart. The nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear during this
stage, which also sees the connection of two sister chromatids at a centromere. The chromatin material condenses
into chromosomes in, for 10 points, which first stage of mitosis, which is followed by metaphase?
ANSWER: prophase [accept “prometaphase” until “plant cells;” do not accept “prophase I” or “prophase II”]
16. One ruler with this given name defeated Arduin of Ivrea to end the brief separation of Italy and Germany, and
was succeeded by Conrad II, the first Salian king, and became the only German king to be canonized. Another ruler
by this name succeeded Conrad I as ruler of East Francia and established a line of Saxon kings of Germany through
his son Otto the Great. A third ruler by this name started a conflict ended by the Concordat of Worms, the
investiture controversy. For 10 points, give the shared name of the unifier of the German tribes known as "the
Fowler" and the Holy Roman Emperor who went to Canossa to beg forgiveness from Pope Gregory VII.
ANSWER: Henry [accept Henry II before “Conrad I” is read]
17. This person and Charles Tomlinson built sonnet sequences upon each other’s lines in Airborn. One of his works
describes the government of his country as “The Philanthropic Ogre”, and he examined contemporary poetry in The
Pears of the Elm and The Bow and the Lyre. His best-known prose work has chapters entitled “From Independence
to the Revolution” and “The Day of the Dead,” and a trip to Galta in India inspired a work about Hanuman, The
Monkey Grammarian. His most famous long poem consists of 584 lines, matching with the 584 days of the Aztec
calendar. For 10 points, name this Mexican author of Sunstone and The Labyrinth of Solitude.
ANSWER: Octavio Paz Lozano
18. His last work, based on Réne Thom's catastrophe theory, depicts three integral signs and is titled The Swallow's
Tail. An optical illusion transforms the first of the titular animals seated on a lake into larger mammals in his Swans
Reflecting Elephants. One of his paintings depicts an elephant in the background and two tigers over a naked woman
in the foreground. This creator of Lobster Telephone also painted The Hallucinogenic Toreador and a
“disintegration” of his most famous work which depicted the Cadaques and three melting clocks. For 10 points,
name this surrealist artist of The Persistence of Memory.
ANSWER: Salvador Dali [or Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech]
19. The edge named for this phenomenon describes the feature of a spectograph caused by it, and its namesake
suppression counteracts that edge. Dense galactic clusters perturb the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
through an inverse form of this, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Plank's constant divided by a particle’s rest mass
times the speed of light gives its namesake wavelength, and the derivative of its cross-section is given by the Klein-
Nishina formula. For 10 points, name this effect which describes a decrease in the wavelength of a photon when it
collides with an electron, an American physicist’s namesake scattering.
ANSWER: Compton Scattering, Effect, etc.
20. The Frenchman Robert Hubert falsely confessed to causing it on behalf of the pope, and it sparked anti-Dutch
violence since it occurred during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Thomas Bloodworth failed to take action against it,
but gunpowder was ordered to be used by Charles II. A column called the Monument stands at Thomas Farriner’s
bakery on Pudding Lane, where it began shortly after midnight. Samuel Pepys recorded it in his diary, which also
covered the plague that occurred in the same year. For 10 points, name this disaster that began on September 2,
1666 and burned down St. Paul’s Cathedral.
ANSWER: The Great Fire of London
TB. Lesser known cities in this state include Jalandhar, which is notable for producing surgical products. Its largest
city, Ludhiana, is notable for having many manufacturing plants, and is thus called “the Manchester” of this state,
while other cities in this state include Barnala and Patiala. An open hand serves as the official logo of the capitol city
of this state, and Le Corbusier served as the architect of that city, Chandigarh. Bordering the states of Haryana and
Rajasthan, much of this state gets water for agriculture from the “five rivers”, and its city of Amritsar contains the
Golden Temple. For 10 points, identify this Indian state, the birthplace of Sikhism.
ANSWER: Punjab
Packet by Eden Prairie High School (Gaurav Kandlikar, Neil Fitzgerald, and Sam Daub)
Bonuses
1. It sits on the Nervion River in the Basque region of Spain, and its only permanent exhibit is a Richard Serra
sculpture collection called Matter of Time. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this art museum, designed to look like a ship, which shares part of its name with a Frank Lloyd Wright-
designed museum in New York.
ANSWER: The Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao [or Museo Guggenheim Bilbao]
[10] This architect, whose other projects include the Dancing House in Prague, the Walt Disney Concert Hall, and
the Weisman Museum of Art in Minneapolis, designed the Guggenheim Bilbao.
ANSWER: Frank Owen Gehry [accept Ephraim Owen Goldberg]
[10] Gehry was recently sued by this organization for negligence in designing its Ray and Maria Stata Center, which
contains its Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and splits into the Gates and Dreyfoos Towers.
ANSWER: MIT [or the Massachusetts Institute of Technology]
2. The Gattermann-Koch reaction is used to produce the aldehyde of this molecule. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this arene, with molecular formula C6H6.
ANSWER: benzene
[10] The Gattermann-Koch synthesis is a special case of this class of doubly eponymous reactions which can both
alkylate and acylate benzene derivatives.
ANSWER: Friedel-Crafts reaction
[10] In this reaction, a benzene reacts with ammonia and alcohol in the presence of sodium or lithium to produce 1,4
- cyclohexadiene. It is named for an Australian Chemist.
ANSWER: Birch Reduction
3. The narrator becomes uncomfortable in a lecture hall and then leaves it to go into the “moist night-air.” For 10
points each:
[10] Name this poem, in which the narrator prefers to look “up in perfect silence at the stars” rather than pay
attention to the charts and diagrams of the title scientist.
ANSWER: “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer”
[10] This poet of “When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomer” also wrote about the death of Abraham Lincoln in “O
Captain! My Captain!”
ANSWER: Walt Whitman
[10] The titular flowers stand “near the white-wash’d palings” of an old farm house in this elegy for Lincoln that
laments, “the great star early droop’d in the western sky in the night.”
ANSWER: “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”
4. It bifurcates near Mossdale, and its tributaries include the Tuolumne and Merced rivers. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Californian river, which originates in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, and which flows through
Stockton to form a pretty big delta.
ANSWER: San Joaquin River
[10] This other Californian river shares its name with California’s capital, meets the San Joaquin River near the
delta.
ANSWER: Sacramento River
[10] The Sacramento River meets this lake in its namesake county which also houses Mt. Lassen. It shares its name
with a beverage company which claims to have introduced metal cans and diet drinks into to the “pop” industry.
ANSWER: Lake Shasta
5. Answer the following about Horatio Nelson, for 10 points each.
[10] In 1784, Nelson was sent to the area near Antigua to enforce these acts, which restricted foreign vessels from
trading with England or its colonies.
ANSWER: Navigation Acts
[10] Despite disobeying Admiral Hyde Parker’s order to withdraw, Nelson won a victory over the Danish fleet at
this 1801 battle.
ANSWER: Battle of Copenhagen
[10] Nelson was awarded a barony for this battle at which he defeated Napoleon’s fleet in Aboukir Bay off the coast
of Egypt.
ANSWER: Battle of the Nile
6. He offered a chapter by chapter rebuttal of John Locke in his work, A New Essay on Human Understanding. For
10 points each:
[10] Name this philosopher who wrote about monads and was the basis for Dr. Pangloss in Candide.
ANSWER: Gottfried Leibniz
[10] In Candide, Voltaire parodied this theory of Leibniz, which declares that there is always an explanation for
occurrences, truths, and the existence of things.
ANSWER: Principal of Sufficient Reason
[10] Leibniz was the first major European philosopher to study this Chinese text about divination notable for its
hexagrams.
ANSWER: I Ching [Book of Changes or Classic of Changes or I Jing or Yi Ching or Yi King or Yi Jing]
7. A beam of silver atoms was fired through an inhomogeneous magnetic field in this experiment. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this doubly eponymous experiment.
ANSWER: Stern-Gerlach Experiment
[10] In the Stern-Gerlach experiment, the beam of silver atoms were split into two after passing through the
inhomogeneous magnetic field, suggesting that the silver atoms have a value of one-half for this quantity.
ANSWER: spin [accept particle spin]
[10] This physicist used a modification of the Stern-Gerlach experiment to demonstrate his namesake oscillations,
which are used in MRIs.
ANSWER: Isidor Isaac Rabi
8. It ended when Raul Alfonsin came to power. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this conflict lasting from 1976 to 1983 during the reign of Jorge Videla which resulted in several
desaparecidos.
ANSWER: Dirty war [or La Guerra sucia]
[10] The Dirty war was a reaction against people who supported this Argentine’s rule. Supported by the
descamisados, he was succeeded by his wife Isabel after his death in 1974.
ANSWER: Juan Peron
[10] One of the major causes for the downfall of the Videla regime was this short 1982 conflict against the British
where Argentina sought to regain the namesake island group. It was a disaster for the Argentines.
ANSWER: Falklands War [or Malvinas War; or La Guerra de las Malvinas]
9. Identify the following about a Shakespeare comedy, for 10 points each.

[10] This play begins with a shipwreck near the coast of Illyria, and centers on the twins Viola and Sebastian.
ANSWER: Twelfth Night
[10] This uptight Puritan steward is locked in a dark room to cure his phony insanity after he is tricked into wearing
yellow stockings by Andrew Aguecheek and Maria.
ANSWER: Malvolio
[10] This friend of Andrew Aguecheek organizes the plan to trick Malvolio after Malvolio chastises him for his
drunken late night antics.
ANSWER: Sir Toby Belch [accept either]
10. Its "Four Affirmations" include love of nature, tradition and the family, physical cleanliness, and matsuri, or
festivals. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this primary Japanese religion, whose adherents worship such kami as Izanami, Izanagi, and Raijin.
ANSWER: Shintoism
[10] Common features of Shinto shrines include these gates, whose names may derive from the Japanese for “bird
perch.” They mark the boundary between the sacred temple and the profane outside world.
ANSWER: torii gates
[10] The most holy shrine in Shintoism, the Grand Shrine at Ise, is dedicated to this daughter of Izanagi, the Shinto
sun goddess.
ANSWER: Amaterasu-omikami [accept Ohiru-menomuchi-no-kami]
11. This former lawyer was executed on July 28, 1794. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this orator of the French Revolution and member of the Committee of Public Safety commonly
associated with the Reign of Terror.
ANSWER: Maximilien François Marie Isidore de Robespierre
[10] Robespierre was killed and the Committee of Public Safety was disbanded during this cooling off of the Reign
of Terror, named for the month in which it occurred.
ANSWER: Thermidorian Reaction or Convention
[10] This man was executed a few months earlier, on March 24, 1794. He was even more radical than Robespierre,
and is noted for his opposition to Robespierre's Cult of the Supreme Being and support of the Cult of Reason.
ANSWER: Jacques René Hébert
12. This figure received a cow with a half-moon on its flank from Pelagon, and the Delphic Oracle told him to
follow the cow and found a city where it became tired. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this mythological figure, the son of Agenor and Telephassa and husband of Harmonia who founded that
city, Thebes, after slaying a dragon and burying its teeth in the ground.
ANSWER: Cadmus [or Kadmos]
[10] Cadmus and his brothers Cilix and Phoenix were sent to search for this woman, their sister, who Zeus had
abducted in the form of a bull.
ANSWER: Europa
[10] Cadmus’s children included Semele, Autonoe, Ino, and this woman, who gored to death her own son Pentheus
during a Dionysian festival.
ANSWER: Agave [or Agaue]
13. It can be used to find the area of any triangle with known side lengths a, b, and c. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this formula which states that the area is equal to the square root of s times s minus a times s minus b
times s minus c, where is the semiperimeter of the triangle.
ANSWER: Hero’s formula [or Heron’s formula]
[10] When extended to cyclic quadrilaterals, this modification of Hero’s formula include s minus d, where d is the
length of the fourth side of the quadrilateral. It is named for an ancient Indian mathematician.
ANSWER: Brahmagupta’s formula
[10] Brahmagupta and this man name a theorem which states that the product of two numbers which are sums of
two squares is itself the sums of two squares. He is better known for a sequence beginning 1,1,2,3,5.
ANSWER: Fibonacci [or Leonardo of Pisa]
14. This man wrote about the youngest of the three Fates in alexandrine rhyming pairs in “La Jeune Parque.” For 10
points each:
[10] Name this French poet who hopes the waves will “break up with your rejoicing surges / This quiet roof where
sails like doves were pecking” in his poem “The Graveyard by the Sea.”
ANSWER: Paul Valery
[10] Valery stop publishing for nineteen years in a period he called “The Great Silence” after the death of this
Symbolist poet, who wrote “Afternoon of the Fawn.”
ANSWER: Stephen Mallarme
[10] Valery based his notebooks called Cahiers on the diaries of this man, who created The Virtuvian Man and the
Mona Lisa.
ANSWER: Leonardo da Vinci [accept either]
15. He composed the Domestic and Alpine Symphonies. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this composer of the operas Ariadne auf Naxos and Die Frau ohne Schatten, who had a clarinet represent
a trickster disruptively riding a horse through a market in Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks.
ANSWER: Richard Strauss [Prompt on Strauss]
[10] This tone poem by Strauss contains the World Rhythm Theme and was inspired by Friedrich Nietzche's work of
the same name. It was notably used in the movie 2001: A Space Oddesy.
ANSWER: Also Sprach Zarathustra [or Thus Spake Zarathustra; or Thus Spoke Zarathustra]
[10] Title character of this opera, Octavian, falls in love with Sophie while giving her a silver flower signifying her
engagement with Baron Ochs.
ANSWER: Der Rosenkavalier [accept The Knight of the Rose]
16. In this novel, Daniel helps the title character learn to drive a truck, and in one scene Bamford shoots a pair of
warthogs. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this novel set during a fictional Apartheid-ending civil war which ends with Maureen running towards
a helicopter in which the titular servant takes the Smales family to his village for protection.
ANSWER: July’s People
[10] This 1991 Nobel Laureate wrote July’s People. She also wrote about a Mehring, a wealthy South African, in
her novel The Conservationist.
ANSWER: Nadine Gordimer
[10] The title character of this other Gordimer novel, Rosa, has affairs with Bernard Chabilier and Conrad and tries
to deal with the legacy of her communist revolutionary father.
ANSWER: Burger’s Daughter
17. On his album Strategic Grill Locations, he noted that he was against picketing, but didn’t know how to show it.
For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this stand-up comedian who died of a drug overdose in 2005. Other famous lines of his include “An
escalator can never break; it can only become stairs.”
ANSWER: Mitchell Lee Hedberg
[10] Mitch Hedberg voiced such characters as “Dr. Fizzel” in his appearances on this Adult Swim show about the
filmmaking aspirations of eight-year-old Brendon Small.
ANSWER: Home Movies
[10] Home Movies’ creator Brendon Small also created this show about the fictional band Dethklok, for which he
voices such characters as Nathan Explosion and Skwisgaar Skwigelf.
ANSWER: Metalocalypse
18. It consumes 6 molecules of ATP and 9 of NADPH to yield a puny one molecule of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.
For 10 points each:
[10] This so called “dark reaction” takes place in the stroma of chloroplasts, and converts carbon dioxide and water
into organic compounds.
ANSWER: Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle
[10] This most abundant protein on earth is required in the Calvin Cycle to catalyze the first step of Carbon Fixation.
ANSWER: RuBisCo [or RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase or ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase]
[10] The addition of Carbon dioxide to Phosphoenolpyruvate is catalyzed by PEPC in this type of photosynthesis,
often contrasted with CAM. Plants which perform it have cells which display Kranz anatomy.
ANSWER: C4 fixation [accept anything that involves “four” and “carbon”]
19. A small man on a horse to the right of this painting oversees his workers. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this painting which depicts three peasant women gathering the leftovers of the wheat harvest.
ANSWER: The Gleaners [or Des Galneuses]
[10] This realist painter of The Gleaners also painted Women Baking Bread.
ANSWER: Jean-Francois Millet
[10] In Millet’s L’Angelus, a farmer and his can be seen praying next to a small wheelbarrow containing this crop. A
family of five is gathered for dinner under a lamp in a Vincent van Gogh painting where it is being consumed.
ANSWER: potato
20. He impressed Oda Nobunaga by building a castle at Sunomata. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this man who came to power after Oda Nobunaga, who twice attempted to invade Korea but failed in
that endeavor.
ANSWER: Hideyoshi Toyotomi [or Toyotomi Hideyoshi]
[10] This man lent was the founder of the shogunate that ruled from 1603-1868 that is sometimes called the Edo
shogunate.
ANSWER: Tokugawa Ieyasu
[10] Tokugawa won a decisive victory over the Western Japanese clans loyal to the Toyotomi clan at this 1600
battle.
ANSWER: Battle of Sekigahara
21. Some of her lesser known works include And Keep Your Powder Dry. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this anthropologist who studied about 600 individuals on the island of Ta'u, and also wrote a work
called Growing up in New Guinea and Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies.
ANSWER: Margaret Mead
[10] This work, perhaps Mead’s best-known, deals with adolescents in the namesake culture, and tells of how they
get around the pesky taupau system of testing virginity by using chicken blood.
ANSWER: Coming of Age in Samoa
[10] This anthropologist from New Zealand himself spent time on Samoa, and later declared that Mead had been
extremely misled. He went on to criticize Mead in his books like The Fateful Hoaxing of Margaret Mead.
ANSWER: Derek Freeman
Packet by Georgia A (Chris Chiego, Jon Okon, Steven Etheridge, and Steven Hanley), and Pitt B (Michael Davies,
Ryan Geibl, Chris Henne, Dominique Hensley, Joe Staresinic)
Tossups
1. One part of this work uses the example of ordinary people calling a whale a fish, while scientists defining a whale
as a mammal in a discussion of the difference between nominal and real essences. Book Two distinguishes between
primary and secondary qualities in objects, and argues that sensations form the foundation for simple ideas, which
build into complex ideas of two types: mode and substance. Arguing against the Cartesian belief in innate ideas, this
work claims that knowledge derives from experience. Asserting that men are born with minds like a blank slate. For
10 points, identify this work by John Locke.
ANSWER: An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
2. One of this author’s protagonists seeks his father in a classified ad before strangling Karima. In another of his
works, a young man kills his boss on the same day that his country’s president is shot. This author of The Search
and The Day the Leader Died wrote about Hamida, who is lured into prostitution by Ibrahim Faraj in one work, and
another novel centers on sons that are cast out of their father’s house who live in an alley. Midaq Alley and Children
of Gebelawi, for 10 points, are works by this author of Sugar Street, Palace Walk, and Palace of Desire, which
comprise his Cairo Trilogy.
ANSWER: Naguib Mahfouz
3. One example of his action occurred because of confusion over whether O.J. Simpson or Chad Ogea (oh-JAY-ah)
was in a car chase. The CHARLEE Foundation benefits from the sale of a wine that replaces the third word of this
phrase with “Merlot.” An internet parody of this action saw its progenitor placing Yellow Pages on charcoal, a riff
on one example of this action that saw a barbeque grill reach a $99,999,999 price on eBay. This behavior led to
such incidents as high-fiving a fan after making a catch in Baltimore and taking potty breaks in the Green Monster.
For 10 points, name this behavior that stems from the whackiness of a certain Dodgers’ outfielder.
ANSWER: “Manny being Manny”
4. This text is often paired with the Testimonies of Three Witnesses and Eight Witnesses. One section of this work
centers on a group of people whose rulers included Coriantumr and Jared. Its first section details a man who receives
a "ball of curious workmanship" after he and his father receive the "Tree of Life" vision. In addition to the books of
Ether and Nephi, it describes the colonization of the Americas by the descendents of Lehi, and it contains an account
of Jesus Christ’s visit to the Americas after his death and resurrection. Originally inscribed in "Reformed Egyptian"
on gold plates and translated by Joseph Smith, for 10 points, name this founding text of a Utah-based religion.
ANSWER: The Book of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ [accept The Book of Mormon: An Account
Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates Taken from the Plates of Nephi]
5. During the Civil War, this state saw Confederate raiders rob the St. Albans bank, and in 1883 it was the site of a
copper mine riot called the Ely War. Connecticut’s Roger Griswold brawled with a representative of this state,
Matthew Lyon, and it copied Pennsylvania’s Constitution when it became a breakaway republic during the
Revolution. This was the only state carried by Anti-Masonic candidate William Wirt in 1832, and a group from this
state opposed the New York annexation of the New Hampshire Grants and captured Fort Ticonderoga. For 10
points, name this state which saw the Battle of Bennington, home to Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys.
ANSWER: Vermont
6. A variation to this concept that includes perturbations in decision models is known as trembling-hand perfect.
This concept holds when certain sets are non-empty, convex, compact subsets of a Euclidean space by the Kakutani
Fixed Point Theorem, and the utility function is continuous and quasi-concave. A Bayesian one is found by
anticipating the plans of others, and they were worked on by Harsanyi and Selten as well as their namesake, who
introduced them in the paper Non-Cooperative Games. For 10 points, name this idea in which each player’s strategy
choice is a best-response to the strategies played by his rivals, a game theory equilibrium named for a schizophrenic.
ANSWER: Nash equilibrium [accept Nash after “equilibrium” is read, prompt on it before]
7. The soprano in this opera reminds herself that she “must always be free” in the aria “E Strano! E Strano...Sempre
Libera” after the tenor proclaims his love in “Un di felice, eterea.” The baritone sings “Di Provenza il mar” to
convince his son to return to Provence, but instead he crashes a party hosted by Flora Bervoix, where he wins money
in cards from his rival Baron Douphol. In the last act, the title character sings “Adio del passato” after reading a
letter from Giorgio apologizing for breaking up her romance with his son, who impressed the title character by
singing the Brindisi. For 10 points, Alfredo Germont is the lover of Violetta in what Verdi opera about a courtesan?
ANSWER: La Traviata
8. One of his protagonists refers to his sister as the “Dark Girl of Long Alley” and steals a gun from her Nazi lover
to bury in a secret location. The title character of another work battles with the “fruit thieves,” dies by fastening
himself to the anchor of a balloon, and refuses to eat his sister’s snail soup. Those novels about Pin and Cosimo are
The Baron in the Trees and The Path to the Nest of Spiders. In another of his novels, Medardo of Terralba is split in
half by a cannonball, and in another a plot about swapping suitcases devolves into a romance between Ludmilla and
“The Reader.” For 10 points, name this author of The Cloven Viscount and If On a Winter’s Night a Traveler.
ANSWER: Italo Calvino
9. This ruler was the first to settle Germanic barbarians in the Roman Empire, and he auctioned off many palace
valuables to pay for the empire’s wars. His reign saw a great plague, and also saw Parthia invade Armenia, an action
stopped by a man who would later declare himself emperor when this man was reported dead, Avidius Cassius. He
was long advised by Fronto, the childhood tutor of this man and his co-emperor Lucius Verus. He fought against
the Marcomanni and died while on campaign in Germania, after which the war was ended prematurely by his son
Commodus. For 10 points, name this last of the five good emperors, the author of some Stoic Meditations.
ANSWER: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus [prompt on Marcus Annius Verus; prompt on Marcus Annius
Catilius Severus]
10. The volume of a simplex in n dimensions can be given by the Cayley-Menger type of this function, and this
function can be generalized to non-square entities using the Cauchy Binet formula. The linear independence of a set
of solutions to a differential equation is given by a nonzero value for the Wronskian type of this, and changing
variables when integrating a function over its domain involves the use of the Jacobian type of this function. One of
these for a two-by-two matrix is used in Cramer’s rule to find the solution to a system of two equations. For 10
points, name this scalar function of a square matrix, denoted by single or double bars around a matrix.
ANSWER: determinant [prompt on det]
11. One man in this work points out his father’s snoring by quoting Othello: “The Moor, I know his trumpet.” That
character quotes Baudelaire when he’s courting a comically obese prostitute named Fat Violet, and also questions
the aptitude of “a cheap old quack,” who “hardly only charges a dollar,” Doc Hardy. A servant in this play is a
“buxom Irish peasant” named Cathleen, who sneaks sips of alcohol. James is an actor who can only play one role,
Jamie fatally infects Eugene when he enters the infant’s room, and Edmund is diagnosed with tuberculosis. For 10
points, name this play in which Mary is addicted to morphine, a work about the Tyrone family by Eugene O’Neill.
ANSWER: Long Day’s Journey Into Night
12. A formula developed for one type of this process scales the inverse of the magnetic field intensity, and was
observed when its namesake was using a magnetic arc to separate uranium isotopes. Another form of this process is
explained by the Ludwig-Soret effect, which results in a temperature gradient parallel to the concentration gradient.
A set of equations, which relate flux to the gradient of concentration also governs this process, and its rate is
inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass according to Graham’s Law. For 10 points, identify this
process, wherein particles move from regions of high concentrations to areas of lower concentrations.
ANSWER: diffusion
13. In this work, thirty-six measures of the organ playing the B flat pedal culminates in the section “Accende Lumen
Sensibus,” while the composer emulated the polyphony of Bach’s motet Singet dem Herrn ein neues Lied in the
opening movement. In the finale, Doctor Marianus praises Mater Gloriosa, who is the personification of this
symphony’s unifying theme of the “Eternal Feminine.” The first movement is based on the medieval hymn “Veni,
Creator Spiritus,” while the second movement is a setting of the final scene of Goethe’s Faust. Featuring a chorus of
over eight hundred at its premiere, for 10 points, name this Mahler symphony that requires many performers.
ANSWER: Symphony of a Thousand [accept Mahler’s Symphony Number 8 in E major; accept Symphony Number
eight after “Mahler”]
14. A leader of one party in this conflict had earlier defeated his brother at the Tugela River, and this conflict began
when Henry Bartle Frere issued an ultimatum to the opposing side. It also saw 139 British successfully defend an
attack by 4,000 soldiers at Rorke’s drift. Its last battle on July 4th, 1879 saw the death of the losing side’s ruler at
Ulundi, though forces under Lord Chelmsford faced a major defeat at Isandlwana. The polity, which lost this
conflict was led by Cetshwayo. For 10 points, identify this conflict between the British and an empire, which once
counted Shaka as its ruler.
ANSWER: Anglo-Zulu war
15. Birqat Karun is a lake found in the Al Fayyum region of this country. The Ras Mohammed National park is
found at the southern tip of a peninsula belonging to this country, and the disputed Hala’ib triangle lies at the
southwest corner of this country. The Kebira Crater is located along the western border of this country which is
home to the Gilf-al-Kibr plateau. The Qatarra Depression contains several brackish oases, and manmade features
include the Great and Little Bitter Lakes as well as a large dam on the First Cataract at Aswan that holds back Lake
Nasser. Containing the cities of Luxor and Alexandria, for 10 points, identify this country with its capital at Cairo.
ANSWER: Egypt [or Al-Masr]
16. He was once attacked and wounded by Parasurama, and in his incarnation as Vighnaraja, he rides the naga king
Shesha. Garuda was once tasked with reacquiring an item this figure lost after being gazed upon by Sani. He is often
depicted riding on a mouse, and the goad he holds in his upper right hand is used to remove obstacles from mankind.
One story claims this figure married two women after he beat his brother Karttikeya in a race around the world. He
was supposedly born from the dirt his mother wiped off of her leg while she was trying to take a bath in privacy
from her husband. For 10 points, name this son of Shiva and Parvati, a Hindu god with the head of an elephant.
ANSWER: Lord Ganesha [accept Ganapati, Vinakaya, Lambodar, or Pillaiyar]
17. Studies on one of these structures from a giant squid led Hodgkins and Huxley to a Nobel Prize for their
experiments. Their extension is guided by growth cones found at their ends, and they begin tapering near a
namesake hillock. In some cases, these branch out to form collaterals, which end in telodendria, and ones with a
smaller diameter can aggregate to form a Remak bundle. Nodes of Ranvier appear along these structures that are
insulated by myelin containing Schwann cells, which allows for the speedy conduction of action potentials. For 10
points, identify the long, slender projection of a neuron, often contrasted with dendrites.
ANSWER: axon [prompt on nerve fiber or equivalent; accept neuron until “growth cone”]
18. The speaker compares the “shrill delight” of the title figure to moonbeams “Keen as the arrows / Of that silver
sphere” which are transparent in light of the “white dawn,” but although they are “hardly seen, we feel that it is
there.” The title figure is later compared to a “rose embowered,” a “glow worm- golden,” and a “poet hidden / In the
line of thought.” In the final stanza the speaker asks, “teach me half the gladness / That thy brain must know,” so
“the world should listen” to the “harmonious madness” of the title creature’s song. For 10 points, name this poem
about a bird which begins, “Hail to thee blithe spirit,” written by Percy Shelley.
ANSWER: “To a Skylark”
19. The Manningtree altarpiece features this artist’s The Risen Christ, and in another work the titular animal action
is performed by jumping over an obstacle as people look on from a barge. In addition to Leaping Horse, he painted
several works about life near his hometown of East Bergholt, while another series depicts the title structure at
Leadenhall “from the River,” and “from the meadows” with an overarching rainbow. His most famous work shows
the title object near Flatford Mill on the River Stour and depicts Willy Lott’s cottage. The painter of Salisbury
Cathedral, for 10 points, name this English landscape artist whose best-known painting is The Hay Wain.
ANSWER: John Constable
20. The tensor analog of this quantity can be diagonalized by defining a coordinate system along the principal axes,
and its middle eigenvalue corresponds to unstable motion according to Euler‘s Equations of Motion. The deflection
of a cantilevered beam is inversely proportional to Young’s modulus and this quantity. It is given by “cross-
sectional area times the square of the radius of gyration”, and it can be found by the parallel axis theorem. For a
sphere it is equal to “two-fifths m r squared”, while it has half the value for a disc that it has for a ring. For 10
points, name this quantity symbolized “I”, the rotational analog of mass.
ANSWER: mass moment of inertia [prompt on angular mass]
TB. The Declaration of St. Germain ended much of the fighting in this conflict and during it the arrest of Pierre
Broussel led to a mass barricade demonstration. It was interrupted by the Peace of Rueil, and one of its prominent
participants, Marshall Turenne, pursued the Prince de Conde into the Spanish Netherlands. Divided into parts
named for the Parliament and the Nobles, it occurred during the regency of Anne of Austria. Followed by the
Franco-Spanish War and sparked by dissatisfaction with the policies of Cardinal Mazarin, it drew its name from the
children’s slings used by participants. For 10 points, name this peasant uprising during the early rule of Louis XIV.
ANSWER: La Fronde [accept Frondes]
Packet by Georgia A (Chris Chiego, Jon Okon, Steven Etheridge, and Steven Hanley), and Pitt B (Michael Davies,
Ryan Geibl, Chris Henne, Dominique Hensley, Joe Staresinic)
Bonuses
1. Name these Kierkegaard works, for 10 points each.

[10] Written under the pseudonym Anti-Climacus, this work uses the raising of Lazarus to discuss the Christian
definition of sin and man’s life of perpetual despair.
ANSWER: The Sickness Unto Death [accept Sygdommen til Døden]
[10] This work features the “knight of infinite resignation” and discusses Abraham’s sacrifice of Isaac.
ANSWER: Fear and Trembling [accept Frygt og Bæven]
[10] This critique of Hegel, presumably by Johannes Climacus, is a sequel to Philosophical Fragments and
delineates between subjective and objective truth, arguing that faith cannot be scrutinized through objective truth.
ANSWER: Concluding Unscientific Postscript [accept Afsluttende uvidenskabelig Efterskrift]
2. The speaker concludes that one should not go “like the quarry slave at night.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this poem, which contains the line “Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch / About him, and lies
down to pleasant dreams,” a poem about death.
ANSWER: “Thanatopsis”
[10] This American poet, a longtime editor of the New York Evening Post, wrote “To a Fringed Gention” and
“Thanatopsis.”
ANSWER: William Cullen Bryant
[10] The speaker of this Bryant poem says the title bird “will soon find a summer home and rest / And scream
among thy fellows” after asking, “dost thou / pursue thy solitary way?”
ANSWER: “To a Waterfowl”
3. Boris is killed by eating poisoned mushrooms after he discovers the title character’s affair with Sergei. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this opera that ends when Katerina Izmailova commits suicide by jumping into a frozen river.
ANSWER: Lady Macbeth of the Mtensk District
[10] This Russian dissident composed Lady Macbeth of the Mtensk District and used a Yevtushenko poem as the
basis for his Babi-Yar Symphony.
ANSWER: Dmitri Shostakovich
[10] This Shostakovich symphony written in C Major features the “invasion theme” representing the Nazi Army
marching into the titular city.
ANSWER: Leningrad Symphony [accept Shostakovich’s Symphony 7)
4. Identify the following about a crusade that ended disastrously, for 10 points each.
[10] This crusade was called for by Pope Innocent III, but ran into problems immediately when it ordered an
excessive amount of ships from the Venetians and was forced to attack Christian Zara to pay off the debt.
ANSWER: Fourth Crusade
[10] The Fourth Crusade ended up besieging this capital of the Byzantine empire, which it finally captured and
sacked in 1204 after nearly two years of being stymied by its massive walls.
ANSWER: Constantinople
[10] After capturing Constantinople and establishing a Latin Empire in Byzantium, many Crusaders tried to attack
this nation but were destroyed at the 1205 Battle of Adrianople by Kaloyan the Roman Slayer, this polity’s tsar at
the time.
ANSWER: Bulgaria
5. He was the first to conceive of neutron chain reactions, and with Fermi, he built the first nuclear reactor. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this Hungarian physicist.
ANSWER: Leo Szilard
[10] Szilard offered a refutation of this thought experiment, arguing that energy must be expended to measure the
speed of gas molecules, preventing a violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
ANSWER: Maxwell’s demon
[10] Szilard’s doctoral advisor was the German physicist Max von Laue, who won the 1914 Nobel Prize for his
discovery of the diffraction of this form of electromagnetic radiation. Rosalind Franklin was a crystallographer who
utilized this type of radiation.
ANSWER: X-rays [or X-radiation]
6. This building contains the “Salute to Five Bells” mural by John Olsen and is notable for its three groups of
interlocking shells that form the roof. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this building, designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2007, that is situated on Bennelong Point in
New South Wales.
ANSWER: the Sydney Opera House
[10] This Danish architect designed the Sydney Opera House, but eventually resigned from the project. His other
works include the Skagen Nature Center and the Kingo housing project in Elsinore.
ANSWER: Jorn Utzon
[10] Jorn Utzon also designed the Parliament building for the National Assembly of this Middle Eastern country.
The building is located in this country’s namesake capital city.
ANSWER: State of Kuwait [accept Dawlat al-Kuwayt]
7. The Ekhiingol Oasis is found in its southern portion. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this desert home to Bactrian Camels, whose Khongoriin Els are an example of “singing” sand dunes. To
its west lie the Altai Mountains, and the North China Plain is found to its south.
ANSWER: Gobi Desert
[10] The Gobi Desert mostly lies in Mongolia, whose capital is this city, where you can visit the Choijin Lam temple
Museum or go to Bogd Khan’s Winter Palace.
ANSWER: Ulaan Bataar [or Ulan Bator]
[10] The Junggar Basin of the Gobi butts up against this Chinese mountain range, which is near Kyrgyzstan and has
its highest point at Jengish Chokusu.
ANSWER: Tien Shan Range [or Tian Shan Range]
8. Identify the following about the second labor of Heracles, for 10 points each.
[10] Heracles traveled to Lake Lerna to slay this beast, one of the offspring of Typhon and Echidna, who had the
body of a serpent and innumerable heads. It was aided by the crab Cancer, but Heracles cut off its immortal head.
ANSWER: the Lernaean Hydra
[10] Heracles was accompanied on the labor by this man, his nephew. This figure aided Heracles by cauterizing the
Hydra’s head-stumps with a burning torch.
ANSWER: Iolaus
[10] Heracles was given his twelve labors by this king of Tiryns and husband of Antimache.
ANSWER: Eurystheus
9. Their activity is a big exception to the central dogma of molecular biology. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these infectious agents, which are misfolded proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases like fatal
familial insomnia.
ANSWER: prions [or proteinaceous infectious agents; accept close equivalents]
[10] This nasty prion disease was found to be spread by cattle that were fed the remains of other cattle in the form of
meat and bone meal.
ANSWER: mad cow disease [or Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy; prompt on MCD]
[10] Mad cow disease is thought to have caused a new variant of this human disease, which was discovered by a pair
of German neurologists in 1921.
ANSWER: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
10. He utilized the longbow to great effect, beating the crap out of John the Good’s army. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this son of Edward III, who led most of England’s military campaigns in the Hundred Years’ War, but
wouldn’t live to be king.
ANSWER: Edward the Black Prince [or Edward of Woodstock; prompt on Edward]
[10] While the Black Prince never became king, this son of his did. His reign was marked by the influence of John
of Gaunt until John’s son, the future Henry IV, overthrew him.
ANSWER: Richard II
[10] Richard’s reign also saw the peasant revolt led by this man. While meeting with him at Smithfield, Richard had
the Mayor of London strike him down while unarmed, then, in a brilliant tactical move, declared himself the new
leader of the rebellion.
ANSWER: Wat Tyler
11. This novel’s protagonist never receives the letters sent by May Kasahara, and later he works for Nutmeg and
Cinnamon Akasaka only hearing about the Nomonhan Incident from Lieutenant Mamiya. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this novel in which Toru Okada searches for a missing cat named after his brother-in-law, Noboru
Wataya, and attempts to find his wife Kumiko.
ANSWER: The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle [accept Nejimaki-dori Kuronikuru]
[10] Often translated by Jay Rubin and Alfred Birnbaum, this Japanese author of Kafka on the Shore, A Wild Sheep
Chase, and Norwegian Wood wrote The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle.
ANSWER: Haruki Murakami [accept names in either order]
[10] In Murakami’s Kafka on the Shore, Kafka Tamura spends time in the Takamatsu library reading Richard
Burton’s translation of this work in which King Shahryar hears a bunch of stories from Scheherazade.
ANSWER: One Thousand and One Arabian Nights [accept The Arabian Nights’ Entertainment, Kitab 'alf layla
wa-layla; or Hezar-o yek sab]
12. The title figure of this painting is lying in a field of brown grass and has likely been crippled by Polio. For 10
points each:
[10] Name the painting that shows the title character lying in a field in front of the Olson House in Cushing, Maine.
ANSWER: Christina’s World
[10] This American artist whose works include The Master Bedroom and Dodge’s Ridge is most famous for painting
Christina’s World.
ANSWER: Andrew Wyeth
[10] In a 15 year span, Andrew Wyeth painted a series of 247 paintings of this neighbor. In most paintings she is
shown in a pensive mood.
ANSWER: Helga Testorf [accept either]
13. Name stuff about the author of the poetry collection Blinking with Fists, Billy Corgan, for 10 points each.
[10] Corgan formed this band with James Iha, D’arcy Wretzky, and Jimmy Chamberlin, releasing such albums as
Melon Collie and the Infinite Sadness, which contained the songs “1979” and “Bullet with Butterfly Wings”.
ANSWER: The Smashing Pumpkins
[10] Corgan tells “hipsters” to “unite” and asks “Who wants that honey?” in this Smashing Pumpkins song, the
second single off of Siamese Dream.
ANSWER: “Cherub Rock”
[10] “Honestly” and “Lyric” were the two singles from Mary Star of the Sea, the only album released by this
Corgan-fronted alternative super-group.
ANSWER: The True Poets of Zwan [accept Djali Zwan]
14. This man established the International Centre of Genetic Epistemology in Geneva for collaborative studies
between psychologists and scientists into the cognitive development of children. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Swiss psychologist most famous for developing the four stage model of cognitive development.
ANSWER: Jean Piaget
[10] In this first stage of Piaget’s model, lasting between a child’s birth and 2 years of age, the child begins to
differentiate itself from objects and also achieves object permanence
ANSWER: Sensorimotor stage
[10] In this stage, the child achieves conservation of number, mass, and weight. The child is also able to classify and
order objects in a series according to a single dimension, but is still unable to think abstractly.
ANSWER: Concrete Operational stage
15. This quantity increases at a logarithm rate of about 2.5 as the numbers decrease. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this quantity calculated by comparing the light flux from two sources, whose absolute variety is
normalized to distance.
ANSWER: magnitude
[10] Name this chart that shows the relationship between absolute magnitude, luminosity, spectral class, and
effective temperature of stars, and thus helps explain the evolution of stars.
ANSWER: Hertzsprung-Russell diagram [accept H-R diagram]
[10] The sun lies along this track on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, along with the majority of other stars. It
extends from the top left of the diagram to the bottom right.
ANSWER: main sequence
16. In the second part of this novel, “Time Passes,” Prue dies in childbirth and Andrew is killed in the war. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this novel whose first part features a dinner party attended by Charles Tansley and Paul Rayley, held at
the Ramsay family’s summer estate in the Hebrides.
ANSWER: To the Lighthouse
[10] This author of To the Lighthouse also wrote Orlando and Mrs. Dalloway.
ANSWER: Virginia Woolf
[10] Virginia Woolf also wrote this essay, which claims that a woman writer only needs five hundred pounds and
the titular enclosed space.
ANSWER: A Room of One’s Own
17. Answer some questions about an election featuring “Tippecanoe and Tyler too!” For 10 points each:
[10] Tippecanoe was a reference to the decisive 1811 victory of this Whig presidential candidate, who would later
go on to give a long boring inaugural speech in the rain and die of pneumonia after barely a month in office.
ANSWER: William Henry Harrison
[10] Annoyed by repeated singing of campaign slogans, the Democrats made up a tune to “Rock-a-Bye Baby” that
accused Whigs of being alcoholics who drink this substance. That strategy backfired as Harrison adopted the log
cabin and this as his campaign symbols.
ANSWER: hard cider
[10] The Democratic nominee was this incumbent, who had earlier led the Albany Regency in New York. In 1848,
he would run on the free soil ticket.
ANSWER: Martin Van Buren
18. It provides an explanation for the higher proportion of 2-bromopropane than 1-bromopropane during the
addition of HBr to propene. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this rule, which states when a hydrohalide reacts with a certain kind of compound, the halide becomes
attached to the carbon with the fewer hydrogens.
ANSWER: Markovnikov’s Rule [or Markovnikoff’s rule]
[10] The hydrohalide reacts with this kind of compound when Markovnikov’s rule applies. Also known as olefins,
they are unsaturated molecules with a carbon-carbon double bond.
ANSWER: alkenes
[10] This other rule states that in an elimination reaction, the more highly substituted alkene is predominantly
formed.
ANSWER: Zaitsev’s rule [accept anything that sounds close]
19. Answer the following relating to pachyderms in short stories, for 10 points each.
[10] “Shooting the Elephant” is a short story by this English author who also wrote “Politics and the English
Language” and Animal Farm.
ANSWER: George Orwell [or Eric Arthur Blair]
[10] “The American” convinces Jig to get an abortion, while chatting at a train station in Spain in this Ernest
Hemingway short story.
ANSWER: “Hills Like White Elephants”
[10] “The Elephant’s Child” is found in his Just So Stories, and this author also wrote Captain Courageous.
ANSWER: Joseph Rudyard Kipling
20. As a young boy, with a slingshot and some stones, he killed an armored Philistine Giant. For 10 points each:
[10] Name the Biblical figure, who killed Goliath and succeeded Saul as king of Israel.
ANSWER: David [accept Dawid or Dawud]
[10] David married this woman after he sent her husband, Uriah the Hittite, to be killed in battle.
ANSWER: Bathsheba
[10] This third son of David was killed by Joab in the Wood of Ephraim after trying to conquer Jerusalem with a
group of Hebrons. He had earlier sent his servants to murder Amnon to avenge the rape of his sister Tamar.
ANSWER: Absalom [accept Avsalom or Avshalom]
21. He was adopted by the concubine Yang Guifei, who may have regretted the decision. For 10 points each:
[10 Identify this Turkish dude, who led a rebellion in the 750s CE China and tried to establish the Yan dynasty,
which pretty much ended after he was assassinated by his own son.
ANSWER: An Lushan
[10] An Lushan rebelled against Emperor Xuanzong of this dynasty whose capital was Chang’an. It succeeded the
Sui and featured poets like Li Bo and Du Fu.
ANSWER: T’ang Dynasty
[10] Mere years before the “Inexhaustible Treasuries” were shut down, they flourished under the pro-Buddhist
policies of this usurper empress. Her reign was a part of the short lived second Zhou dynasty.
ANSWER: Empress Wu [accept Wu Hou; or Wu Chao; or Wu Zetian]
Packet by Harvard A (Dallas Simons, Dennis Sun, Andrew Watkins, and Catherine Yang), and New College (Lane
Silberstein)
Tossups
1. In one work, this composer adapted the opening theme from the first section "Arietta" into a waltz for the last
segment entitled, "Remembrances," and he wrote an "air" in andante religioso for a work written "in old style"
dedicated to a playwright. In addition to Lyric Pieces and the Holberg Suite, one of his works has sections titled
"Anitra's Dance" and "Morning Mood" and a sharp cymbal crash represents the destruction of a mountain as trolls
are chasing the title character in the movement, "In the Hall of the Mountain King." For 10 points, name this
composer, who wrote the Peer Gynt Suites, a noted Norwegian.
ANSWER: Edvard Hagerup Grieg
2. One attack on this place was thwarted when the Sicilian pirate Margarito of Brinidisi made off with some
unattended ships. It would later change hands after the battle of Tremetusia, when Isaac Comnenos took Berengaria
captive, leading to an invasion by Richard I. It was briefly held by the Templars before they sold it to the reigning
king of Jerusalem, Guy of Lusignan. Famagusta was the last of its strongholds to fall to the Ottomans, under whose
control the native Greek majority were repressed by the Turkish minority. For 10 points, name this island, which
was invaded by Turkey in 1974 and remains divided along ethnic lines today.
ANSWER: Cyprus
3. This man claimed that if Hamlet were reported in a newspaper, it wouldn't be transcendent, showing that "the
expression of the object" of art can transform tragedy into beauty. In one work he offered sprit, truth, essence, and
matter as the four categories of reality, and he argued that no real knowledge can be gained in an "instant of
awareness" in a work that asserts belief does not derive from reasoning, but is an inevitable idea necessary for a man
to act. This thinker wrote A Sense of Beauty and Realms of Being. For 10 points, name this author of Skepticism and
Animal Faith, who said, "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
ANSWER: George Santayana
4. This ruler allied his kingdom with Spain in the Treaty of Medina del Campo, and his chancellor John Morton
raised funds from the nobility with a namesake fork. He executed the Earl of Warwick, the last man to bear the name
Plantagenet. He ended a rebellion at the Battle of Stoke, defeating Lincoln and the pretender Lambert Simnel, and he
faced another rebellion from Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be the younger son of Edward IV. He came to power
with the help of Northumberland and the Stanleys, who switched allegiances at Bosworth Field. For 10 points, name
this man, who overthrew Richard III and ended the Wars of the Roses, the first Tudor king of England.
ANSWER: Henry VII [prompt on Henry Tudor]
5. One man in this work is offended when he cannot find the source of a name engraved on a cigarette case, and later
quips that only relatives or creditors ring in a “Wagnerian manner” after his aunt finds that all of the cucumber
sandwiches are gone. One character tells a man she just met that they’ve been engaged three months, and writes
letters three times a week in her diary. Another character gets Reverend Chasuble to rechristen him. Miss Prism’s
revelation that she left a baby in a bag in a cloakroom leads Lady Bracknell to approve Gwendolen Fairfax’s
marriage to Jack Worthing. For 10 points, name this play about the significance of a certain name, by Oscar Wilde.
ANSWER: The Importance of Being Earnest
6. Fort Good Hope lies along this river, which is located west of the Franklin mountains after passing by Wrigley.
The Laird River joins it near Fort Simpson, and Richards Island is the largest island located near its delta, which lies
to the west of Richardson Mountains and is bounded by Shoalwater Bay. It initially flows to the west, south of Horn
Plateau, but turns north, running parallel to its namesake mountains eventually emptying into the Beaufort Sea. It
originates at the Great Slave Lake, and is named for a man, who initially called it “Disappointment River” after
navigating its course in 1789. For 10 points, name this longest river in Canada.
ANSWER: Mackenzie River
7. Sutherland's formula gives this quantity for ideal gases, and like thermal conductivity, it can be found by applying
Green-Kubo relations to the Navier-Stokes transport coefficients. Euler’s fluid equations assume a zero value for
this quantity, and the Grashof number is inversely proportional to its square. The no-slip condition generally
exacerbates its effects, and it has dynamic and kinematic varieties. The Reynolds number is inversely proportional to
this quantity, and it is constant for Newtonian fluids. For 10 points, identify this quantity, the ratio of shear stress to
shear velocity, used as a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
ANSWER: viscosity
8. This man clerked for Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and served as an assistant to the son-in-law of Woodrow
Wilson, Francis B. Sayre, which he described in his autobiography Recollections of a Life. He met with a man he
knew as George Crosley, while Igor Gouzenko and Elizabeth Bentley helped identify him. Along with Harry Dexter
White, he was implicated by the Moynihan commission using information from the Venona project. He was the
subject of the “pumpkin papers” as well as a testimony by Whittaker Chambers that accused him of espionage. For
10 points, name this state department official convicted of perjury in connection to being a Soviet spy.
ANSWER: Alger Hiss
9. Descartes proposed a thought experiment in which all one has of this is due to a demon, and Quine's argument
that no statement can be truly analytic allows him to support a doctrine holding that certainty in this is impossible,
called fallibilism. The Gettier problem questions the traditional formulation that a statement's truth and its belief
implies that it is this, while another philosopher discussed how this can be derived either through statements about
“relations of ideas” or through “matters of fact” in Hume’s fork. For 10 points, identify this concept defined as the
intersection of what is true and believed, the theory of which is called epistemology.
ANSWER: knowledge [prompt on epistemology]
10. This man first made a name for himself by capturing the Aristobulus II and taking the city of Pelusium, both
while serving under Aulus Gabinius. His stepfather was executed for his part in the Cataline conspiracy on orders
from Cicero, who would go on to make a series of speeches against this man modeled after Demosthenes’s
Philippics before this man had him proscribed. At Pharsalus he commanded the victorious left flank and led a
cavalry charge to secure victory for Caesar, and during Caesar’s campaigns in Africa he controlled Rome as Master
of Horse. For 10 points, name this man whose defeat at Actium by Octavian led to his suicide along with Cleopatra.
ANSWER: Mark Antony [or Marcus Antonius]
11. One of his title characters has a vision of Enceladus’ attack on the Mount of Titans before he drinks poison with
his sister Isabel Banford. In another of his novels, Charlie Noble rejects Frank’s loan, and the title character pretends
to be an employee of the Seminole Widow, Orphan Society, and a beggar named Black Guinea; those works are
Pierre; or the Ambiguities and The Confidence Man. One of his characters irritates Nipper and Ginger Nut, formerly
worked at the Dead Letters Office, and uses the refrain “I would prefer not to,” while another quarrels with Claggart
aboard the Indomitable. For 10 points, name this author of “Bartleby the Scrivener,” Billy Budd, and Moby Dick.
ANSWER: Herman Melville
12. A dissimilarity characteristic for these objects is defined by Otter's theorem and is useful for analyzing Husimi
ones. Rosa's conjecture concerns whether they may be gracefully labeled. The 2-3 version is a special variety of the
B version of them. The zig, zig-zig, and zig-zag steps are used in creating the “splay” type of them, which uses
much less memory than the AVL and red-black varieties. Kruskal and Prim name algorithms for finding their
minimum spanning variety. For 10 points, name this class of graphs without double edges or cycles, which, in
computer science, is a data structure that has a binary search variety, whose bottommost nodes are called leaves.
ANSWER: trees
13. Jacobus de Voragine’s Golden Legend relates that this figure was a king of Canaan inspired by a hermit to take
up the occupation for which he was most famous. He was martyred during the persecutions of Decius, where he was
decapitated and his large body was dragged through the streets, and in some stories he is described as a dog-headed
cannibal. The most famous legend surrounding this figure centered on a child who turned his staff into a palm tree
after this man helped him cross a raging stream. For 10 points, name this patron saint of travelers, who once carried
a very heavy Christ child across a river, an act from which his name is derived.
ANSWER: St. Christopher [or St. Christoforos]
14. The presence of Schuffner’s dots indicates infection by members of it, and its erythrocytic stage proceeds from
merozoite to trophozoite to schizont and follows repeated segmentation at the end of the liver stage. Immunity to the
disease it causes is conferred by carrying an allele of sickle-cell anemia, therefore demonstrating the heterozygote
advantage. Varieties that infect birds are carried by Culex, and a phase of male gametogenesis called exflagellation
was used to observe its falciparum species. This microorganism is commonly transmitted by the Anopheles
mosquito. For 10 points, identify this genus of protazoa that causes malaria.
ANSWER: Plasmodium
15. One of this man’s works contains a naked man holding a bucket showering himself on a plain, while another
features a man in a red uniform holding a cherry tree while a boy holds an axe. In addition to Sultry Night and
Parson Weems’ Fable, he depicted a white church in the middle of a dark town as a man on horseback hurries to the
left in one painting, and another work shows the title figures standing in front of a copy of Washington Crossing the
Delaware. For 10 points, name this painter of The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere and Daughters of Revolution, an
American regionalist best known for a portrait of his dentist and his sister in American Gothic.
ANSWER: Grant Wood
16. Generally, output shocks cause this quantity to move in the same direction as deflated stock prices, but move in
opposite ways from normal stock prices. Serletis treats variations in it as being a random walk, and Keynes notably
believed this quantity was unstable, changing with the interest rate. It may be determined nationally as the ratio
between the GDP and the money supply, while Irving Fisher believed it is stable and independent of the other
variables in his quantity theory of money, where it can be given by his equation of exchange as “PT over M.” For 10
points, give this term denoting how often a unit of money is spent over a time interval.
ANSWER: velocity of money
17. He described art as an expression of human drive in his On the Aesthetic Education of Man. In one of his plays
Eboli offers false testimony to the Duke of Alva against the title character, who is distraught because his beloved,
Elizabeth de Valois, has married his father Philip II, while another of his plays sees Davison punished by Elizabeth
regarding the death warrant of the title figure. In addition to Don Carlos and Mary Stuart, he wrote about the
struggles of two aristocratic siblings, Karl and Franz Moor. For 10 points, name this author of The Robbers, who
wrote about the enemy of Gessler in William Tell and also wrote “Ode to Joy.”
ANSWER: Friedrich von Schiller
18. The efficacy of the Boord olefin synthesis prevents ones with vicinal alkoxy groups from being synthesized.
Particularly hindered ones react by single-electron transfer, but normally their namesake reaction uses two
equivalents of them to generate a six-membered ring for a transition state. Reactions involving them must be carried
out in aprotic solvents, and the only way to produce ones incorporating fluorine requires a metal powder named for
Rieke. For 10 points, name these organometallic reagents, most commonly used as nucleophiles for reducing
carbonyl groups to alcohols, which could be known as alkyl or aryl magnesium halides.
ANSWER: Grignard reagents [prompt on alkyl magnesium halides or aryl magnesium halides]
19. The northlander Trendhorn got his eye put out by a chess piece when he was spying on this figure, while Fergus
mac Roich was prevented by his geis from pursuing her. She was heard to cry out while still in her mother’s womb,
leading the druid Cathbad to prophesy that she would bring about the downfall of her house. Though she was the
daughter of Feidlimid, the king decreed that she must be raised by Leabharcham, and she eventually fell in love with
the brother of Ardan and Ainnle, Naoise mac Uisnech. For 10 points, identify this woman, who committed suicide
after being recaptured by Conchobar mac Nessa, a Celtic figure whose beauty brought about much sadness.
ANSWER: Dierdre of the Sorrows [or Derdriu]
20. In this author’s first novel, Eugene Dawn is driven to insanity by his work on the Vietnam Project. In his next
novel, Magda, the daughter of a sheep farmer, clashes with her father for taking a black mistress. In addition to
Dusklands and In the Heart of the Country, he wrote a work in which Susan Barton meets Friday and Cruso, Foe.
He is better known for a novel about Melanie’s affair with Professor David Lurie, which leads to the title condition,
and another about the titular hare-lipped gardener, who escapes from a “retraining camp” hospital and returns to
Cape Town. For 10 points, name this South African author of Disgrace and The Life and Times of Michael K.
ANSWER: John Maxwell Coetzee
TB. The Noril's-Talnakh type of these structures are ultramafic examples thought to have been created by plume
magmatism. The “bell jar” type of these are special cases of the bysmalith type, and dedimentary ones may develop
when excessive lithostatic pressure allows fluid pressure to rise high enough to crack a stratum of rock and carry
sediment up the crack. Especially large ones are frequently called batholiths, but the best known varieties are mostly
vertical and mostly horizontal, called, respectively, dikes and sills. For 10 points, give the term that usually denotes
a formation of crystallized magma underground, a deposit of plutonic igneous rock.
ANSWER: intrusions
Packet by Harvard A (Dallas Simons, Dennis Sun, Andrew Watkins, and Catherine Yang), and New College (Lane
Silberstein)
Bonuses
1. The "Profession of the Savoyard Priest" is one section in this work. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this work that details the upbringing of the title character, who marries Sophie and is not introduced to
religion until the age of sixteen.
ANSWER: Emile; or, On Education
[10] This work asserts that "man is born free, yet he is everywhere in chains," discusses the "general will" and
argues the state is a natural occurrence deriving from the needs of the people.
ANSWER: The Social Contract, Or Principles of Political Right
[10] This author of Reveries of a Solitary Walker, a French philosopher, wrote Emile and The Social Contract.
ANSWER: Jean-Jacques Rousseau
2. In the virial equation, the compressibility factor is described as an infinite series in terms of this quantity. For 10
points each:
[10] Identify this quantity, the conjugate to pressure.
ANSWER: volume
[10] Pressure and volume are inversely proportional according to this equation of state, sometimes also named for
Mariotte.
ANSWER: Boyle's law
[10] This generalization of the ideal gas law, named for a Dutchman, invokes two parameters “a and b,” so it can
account for gases with nonzero particle size and nonzero intermolecular force.
ANSWER: Van der Waals equation
3. It was founded in Philadelphia by a group of nine tailors, and its leaders took the title “Grand Master Workman.”
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this all-inclusive labor union founded in 1869 by Uriah Stephens and eventually replaced in prominence
by the AFL.
ANSWER: Knights of Labor
[10] This son of Irish immigrants and supporter of the Greenback Party succeeded Uriah Stevens as Grand Master
Workman in 1879. He was known for his dogged opposition to Chinese immigrants and child labor.
ANSWER: Terence Vincent Powderly
[10] Although not necessarily involved, the reputation of the Knight of Labor was damaged by this May 5, 1886
incident, where an anarchist threw a bomb into a rally at an important Chicago landmark.
ANSWER: Haymarket Square Riot
4. This work appears beside the aerial view of the George Washington in Robert Rauschenberg’s silkscreen Barge.
For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this work whose title figure looks into a mirror held by Cupid, who himself stands in front of a bright
red curtain.
ANSWER: Rokeby Venus [prompt on Toilet of Venus]
[10] This Spanish artist painted the Rokeby Venus in addition to creating a portrait showing Pope Innocent X seated
in a red chair. His other works include Los Borrachos.
ANSWER: Diego Velazquez
[10] Velazquez included a portrait of himself in this painting that depicts the Infanta Margarita and some dwarves,
who stand by a giant mastiff.
ANSWER: Las Meninas [or Maids of Honour]
5. Smalltalk exemplifies its “pure” type, in which there is no difference between values that represent its titular
constructs and those that represent primitives. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this programming paradigm which deemphasizes the use of procedures in favor of better-encapsulated
actors and methods, displayed by such languages as C++ and Java.
ANSWER: object-oriented programming [accept OOP]
[10] This term, one of the tenets of OOP, refers to the ability of methods to accept as input a variety of types of
objects.
ANSWER: polymorphism [accept word forms]
[10] The first few chapters of this influential book, written by the “Gang of Four,” discuss useful techniques and
common problems in OOP; the remaining chapters discuss the titular reusable software-creation solutions.
ANSWER: Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software
6. Name the Polynesian island nations from descriptions, for 10 points each.
[10] Formerly known as the Ellice Islands, this nation earns much of its revenue from its Internet domain name “tv.”
ANSWER: Tuvalu
[10] Formerly known as the Gilbert Islands, this nation moved the International Date Line east in 1998, so it would
be the first country to welcome the new millennium.
ANSWER: Kiribati [pronounced KEE-ree-bus]
[10] Made of the Ratak Islands on the east and Ralik Islands on the west, this nation’s many atolls served as a testing
ground for U.S. nuclear weapons. Its capital is the Majuro Atoll.
ANSWER: Marshall Islands
7. Name some famous archaeologists, for 10 points each.

[10] This noted asshole is generally believed to have “enhanced” the find he labeled “Priam’s treasure,” discovered
during his excavation of Troy.
ANSWER: Heinrich Schliemann
[10] This man followed up Minos Kalokairinos’s work on Crete and labeled the civilization that he discovered there
Minoan.
ANSWER: Sir Arthur Evans
[10] This archaeologist worked with T. E. Lawrence at Carchemish before leading the 1920’s excavation of Ur.
ANSWER: Sir Leonard Woolley
8. Name these Baroque composers, for 10 points each.

[10] This composer featured the “Aria Sebaldina” named after the St. Sebaldus Church in the last section of his set
of six variations Hexachordum Apollinis, while he is best known for his Canon in D.
ANSWER: Johann Pachelbel
[10] J. S. Bach once traveled to Lubeck to study this German-Danish composer’s Abendmusik organ concerts. He
composed nineteen organ preludes and created the seven-cantata cycle Membra Jesu Nostri.
ANSWER: Dieterich Buxtehude
[10] This court composer of Louis XIV wrote operas based on Moliere’s The Love Doctor and The Bourgeois
Gentleman, and also composed Acis and Galatea and Armide. The rival of Rameau, he died from an infection when
he slammed his own foot keeping time with a staff.
ANSWER: Jean Baptiste Lully
9. The protagonist has a relationship with a café owner, Francoise, and encounters a man who is reading all of the
books in the local library alphabetically. For 10 points each:
[10] Antoine Roquentin deals with a “sweetish sickness” in this novel.
ANSWER: Nausea [accept La Nausée]
[10] This existentialist author of Nausea wrote about Garcin, Ines, and Estelle in No Exit.
ANSWER: Jean-Paul Sartre
[10] Sartre’s play The Flies is a retelling of the story of this mythological Greek character, who is the subject of a
trilogy by Aeschylus that includes Agamemnon, The Libation Bearers, and The Eumenides.
ANSWER: Orestes
10. They are the creators of such children’s albums as Here Come the ABCs, Here Come the 123s, and the upcoming
Here Comes Science. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this band consisting primarily of Johns Flansburgh and Linnell, whose works include the Malcolm in
the Middle theme song “Boss of Me” and the songs “Experimental Film,” “Ana Ng,” and “Don’t Let’s Start.”
ANSWER: They Might Be Giants
[10] This They Might Be Giants song, a single from 1990’s Flood, is sung from the perspective of a nightlight, the
“blue canary in the outlet by the light switch/who watches over you.”
ANSWER: “Birdhouse in Your Soul”
[10] Videos for the TMBG songs “Istanbul (Not Constantinople)” and “Particle Man” were created for this Warner
Bros. animated show, which starred such characters as Babs and Buster Bunny and Plucky Duck.
ANSWER: Steven Spielberg Presents Tiny Toon Adventures [accept Tiny Toons]
11. Identify the following from the wide world of American sculpture, for 10 points each.
[10] His The Cockeyed Propeller and Three Wings stabiles stood in front of the World Trade Center before it was
destroyed, though he’s more famous for such mobiles as Lobster Trap and Fish Tail.
ANSWER: Alexander “Sandy” Calder
[10] This earthwork sculpture, created in 1970 by Robert Smithson, juts 1500 feet out off of Rozel Point in the Great
Salt Lake.
ANSWER: Spiral Jetty
[10] Busts created by this Neoclassical sculptor include one of Eve Disconsolate and one possibly of Nathaniel
Hawthorne, but he’s most famous for his The Greek Slave.
ANSWER: Hiram Powers
12. He wrote about a grandmother, who while talking with a young man next to her doing calisthenics, realizes he is
the Angel of Death in The Sandbox. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author of Three Tall Women, who also wrote A Delicate Balance and Seascape.
ANSWER: Edward Albee
[10] Perhaps the best-known work of Albee, this play sees George and Martha entertain Nick and Honey. Martha
eventually answers “I am” to the title query.
ANSWER: Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?
[10] Jerry impales himself on a knife held by Peter at the end of this Albee play, which begins when the two men
begin a conversation on a bench in Central Park.
ANSWER: Zoo Story
13. Symptoms that accompany it frequently include skin thinning, excessive sweating, rapid weight gain, and even
insomnia. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this endocrine disease, resulting from high levels of cortisol in the blood, whose exogenous form
occurs due to steroid use.
ANSWER: Cushing's syndrome [prompt on hypercortisolism or hyperadrenocorticism]
[10] Cortisol is produced in these glands, whose other major secretions include catecholamines. As their name
indicates, they are located above the kidneys.
ANSWER: adrenal glands
[10] One of cortisol's many functions is the stimulation of this part of the brain, along with epinephrin, to form
flashbulb memories. It is perhaps named for its resemblance of a certain marine animal.
ANSWER: hippocampus
14. Identify these deities associated with war who are not Matt Weiner, for 10 points each.
[10] An upward-pointing arrow is the rune associated with this Norse god, who lost a hand to Fenrir and is fated to
kill and be killed by Garm at Ragnarok.
ANSWER: Tyr [accept such annoying cognates as Tiwaz, Ziu, or Tyz]
[10] This god, Jupiter, and Quirinus made up the earliest Capitoline triad. His sons included Romulus and Remus,
and he had an ongoing affair with Venus.
ANSWER: Mars Silvanus [I guess you can accept silly things like Mavors, Mamers, Marmor, Marmar, or
Maris; there are also like a million acceptable surnames; do not accept Ares]
[10] The son of Coatlicue and a ball of feathers, this Aztec “hummingbird on the left” killed Coyolxauhqui [koh-yol-
shahw-“key”] and most of his 400 other siblings shortly after his birth.
ANSWER: Huitzilopochtli
15. The fourth one asks, “O trees of life, O when are you wintering?” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this collection of ten poems, which begins with the lament, “Who, if I cried out, would hear me among
the angels' orders?” and was written while its author was visiting an Italian castle.
ANSWER: The Duino Elegies
[10] This author of Letters to a Young Poet and “The Archaic Torso of Apollo” wrote The Duino Elegies.
ANSWER: Rainer Maria Rilke
[10] Rilke wrote a series of fifty-five sonnets to this mythological figure, whose story is adapted to a 1930s traveling
circus troupe by Jean Anouilh in the play Eurydice.
ANSWER: Orpheus
16. Answer these questions about a period of time when Spain wasn't on top, the early nineteenth century, for 10
points each.
[10] This man held the title of King of Spain from 1808 to 1813, controlling it in the name of his younger brother, an
emperor of France.
ANSWER: Joseph Bonaparte [prompt on Bonaparte]
[10] Bonaparte was expelled from Spain in the Peninsular War, largely by British forces commanded by this man.
He would later command the forces at Waterloo.
ANSWER: Arthur Wellesley, first Duke of Wellington [accept either]
[10] Prior to Bonaparte taking the crown, Napoleon forced Spain to sign this treaty, which returned the Louisiana
Territory to France. The United States and Spain later disputed what territory it exactly referred to, particularly West
Florida.
ANSWER: Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
17. Its time derivative is torque. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this quantity, classically given by the cross product of position and linear momentum.
ANSWER: angular momentum
[10] Under this theorem, angular momentum may be considered as a two-form, the conserved charge that results
from rotational invariance. In general it can be applied to any symmetry.
ANSWER: Noether's theorem
[10] The quantum mechanical angular momentum of a subatomic particle is always a multiple of this constant, equal
to Planck’s constant over two pi.
ANSWER: Dirac's constant [or h-bar]
18. The Vinegar Tasters favorably depicts its founder alongside the founders of contemporary religions. For 10
points each:
[10] Identify this Chinese religion, which venerates the Three Pure Ones and the Jade Emperor. It includes such
principles as de, pu, wuwei, and its namesake “way” or “path.”
ANSWER: Taoism [or Daoism]
[10] This legendary author of the Tao Te Ching was the founder of Taoism. His successor was Zhuangzi.
ANSWER: Laozi [or Lao Tzu or like a million other vowel changes; prompt on Taishang Laojun ]
[10] This group of Taoist divines was led by Zhongli Quan or Lu Dongbin, and included figures like Iron-Crutch Li,
who inhabited the body of a lame beggar after his dumbass apprentice burned his real body while his soul was away.
ANSWER: Eight Immortals [or Eight Genies, accept Baxian or Pa-hsien]
19. Identify the following about Caribbean literature, for 10 points each.
[10] Antoinette Cosway’s life is changed when her husband renames her “Bertha” and she goes crazy, in the Jean
Rhys novel Wide Sargasso Sea, which features characters from this Charlotte Bronte novel.
ANSWER: Jane Eyre
[10] This St. Lucian author of the plays In a Fine Castle and Dream on Monkey Mountain is probably more famous
for writing Omeros.
ANSWER: Derek Alton Walcott
[10] Her stream-of-consciousness piece “Girl” was later incorporated into her collection At the Bottom of the River.
This Antiguan woman is better known for such novels as Mr. Potter, Lucy, and Annie John.
ANSWER: Jamaica Kincaid [accept Elaine Cynthia Potter Richardson]
20. The House of Albizzi originally dominated its politics, and its long-standing war with Milan was ended by a
treaty signed with Francesco Sforza. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this Italian city, which housed opinionated people like Savonarola and Machiavelli.
ANSWER: Florence
[10] This family succeeded Albizzi as the dominant family in Florence. Notable members include Cosimo, who
signed the Peace of Lodi, and Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was targeted in the Pazzi Conspiracy.
ANSWER: de Medici
[10] This event, an uprising of guildless wool carders, signaled the end of the Albizzi era in Florence. Giovanni de
Medici took power in the aftermath.
ANSWER: Ciompi Revolt
21. It called for the creation of a Council of State and limited high offices to Princes, territorial lords, and nobles.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this document, which called for westernization and reform at the end of the Tokugawa dynasty in Japan.
ANSWER: Charter Oath [or Oath in Five Articles]
[10] The Charter Oath ushered in this period of imperial rule in Japan, which saw the creation of a new constitution
in 1889 and brought about rapid modernization to Japan.
ANSWER: Meiji restoration
[10] The Meiji emperor put down this 1877 rebellion, led by Saigo Takamori, who lamented the loss of power of his
fellow Samurais. It fought its last battle at Shiroyama.
ANSWER: Satsuma rebellion
Packet by Harvard B (Bruce Arthur, Julia Schlozman, Yi Sun, and Alice Tzeng)
Tossups
1. Legendarily this first gained prominence when St. Dominic was told to spread it around Toulouse to combat the
Albigensian heresy, a fact assumed by Supremi Apostolatus Officio and later encyclicals about it by Pope Leo XIII.
It was first officially recognized by the Catholic Church in 1520 by Leo X, and in 2002, John Paul II added a fourth
set of mysteries to this prayer, which had consisted of three sets of five each connected by the “Gloria Patri” and the
“Pater Noster.” For 10 points, name this Catholic prayer consisting of fifteen decades of Hail Marys counted on a
chaplet, also known for its namesake beads.
ANSWER: the rosary
2. He never finished the chalice that Clement VII had commissioned, though he did create a button for that Pope's
cape. He created a medallion depicting Atlas Supporting the Sphere, and he also sculpted a statue of Mars for
Fontainebleau and a statue of Ganymede Riding the Eagle. Personifications of the winds ring the base of another of
his works, which also features reclining gold models of Neptune and Ceres, while the first title figure of his most
famous work holds the sword with which he decapitated the other title figure. For 10 points, identify this murderous
Mannerist goldsmith who sculpted Francis I’s Salt Cellar and Perseus with the Head of Medusa.
ANSWER: Benevenuto Cellini
3. When appended with a “y,” this adjective replaced “Plenty” in “Good n’ Plenty” to describe a version of that
candy with red licorice, and it also describes a cereal that has come in novelty “fiesta” and “Bronto bright” versions.
A terrible brand of children’s gum that comes with temporary tattoos and has a zebra mascot is called the “stripe” of
this. General Mills makes this in “roll-ups” and “by the foot,” and it also appears “on the bottom” in some Dannon
yogurts. A form of this word modifies the non-cocoa type of Pebbles cereal. For 10 points, name this adjective,
which describes a type of “loop” advertised by a fellow, who will follow his nose wherever it goes, Toucan Sam.
ANSWER: fruit [accept fruity; accept froot; prompt on fruitylicious]
4. A text, supposedly by Robert of Torigny, tells of this character’s “Rise,” and notes that he once caused an
embarrassing situation between Guenivere and Arthur when he pushed Arthur into the River Usk. This man accepts
Gromer Somer Joure’s challenge to figure out what women want in a story reminiscent of the Wife of Bath’s Tale
about his wedding to Dame Ragnelle. In another story, this character wears the symbol of a pentangle and rests at
Lord Bertilak’s castle, where his chastity is thrice tested, before setting out to bear the brunt of an axe-blow. For 10
points, name this knight of the Round Table, who got into a beheading contest with the Green Knight.
ANSWER: Sir Gawaine [accept Gwalchmei; Gawan; Gauvan; or Walewein]
5. The Pigeon and Little Pigeon rivers empty into the river that marks its southern boundary, and Brookville Lake
and Hamilton Lake are located along this state’s eastern border. The Wyandotte caves are located in the Harrison-
Crawford State Forest at its southeast. This state’s town of Bedford calls itself the “limestone capital of the world”
and one can visit the Dan Quayle Vice-Presidential Museum in the city of Huntington. The Wabash River forms part
of its western border with Illinois, and other notable cities include Evansville, Terre Haute, and South Bend. For 10
points, identify this state home to the Hoosier National Forest.
ANSWER: Indiana [accept Ohio River until “southern boundary”]
6. In Rabbinic sources, this ruler's name is accompanied by "may his bones rot," and early in his reign he had Lusius
Quietus and three other senators executed. His original choice as successor was the tubercular Lucius Ceionius
Commodus, who became Aelius Caesar. He twice avoided war with Parthia and he put down Bar Kokhba's Revolt,
but he also defified his drowned lover, the Greek youth Antinous. He built an extensive series of palisades between
the Rhine and Danube after ceding much of the land his predecessor had conquered. For 10 points, name this
emperor who was followed by Antoninus Pius, succeeded Trajan, and built a massive wall across Britain.
ANSWER: Hadrian [or Imperator Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus or Publius Aelius Hadrianus]
7. This work condemns “the original sin of reason” as one of the “four great errors.” It calls George Sand a milk
cow, Dante a hyena, and describes The Imitation of Christ as exuding a Frenchman-like feminine smell in the
section “Skirmishes of an Untimely Man.” Its section on the “Improvers of Mankind” praises the Hindu Law of
Manu, while this work begins with a list of 44 aphorisms, “Maxims and Arrows,” before discussing the “Problems
of Socrates,” which includes introducing logic to supplant the Dionysian spirit. Subtitled “How to Philosophize with
a Hammer,” For 10 points, name this Nietzsche work, whose title parodies Wagner’s Gotterdammerung.
ANSWER: The Twilight of the Idols [or Gotzen-Dammerung]
8. This work features a 3/2 Vivace of its composer’s earlier aria “Sento la Gioia” from the opera Amadigi, which
provides the central melody for the celebrated “Alla Hornpipe” movement. The “Bouree” and “Air” movements of
are found in the first section according to Samuel Arnold’s authoritative edition of this work. Beginning with a
French overture, it consists of three suites in F, D, and G major, while it is often paired with “Music for Royal
Fireworks” in performance. For 10 points, name this series of pieces written to accompany the procession of the
George I’s royal barge on the River Thames by George Friedrich Handel.
ANSWER: the Water Music
9. This compound participates in the Griesenbaum reaction along with pentane, which results in a tetra-substitution
in a five member ring. Indigo trisulfonate can be used to quantitatively assess the presence of this compound in
water. It participates in a reaction that follows the Criegee mechanism, and is a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition reaction
occurring in the presence of dichloromethane that creates ketones or aldehydes from alkenes. Having a blue color, it
is formed during lightning, while its name comes from its foul smell and halocarbons are able to catalyze the
degradation of this compound in the atmosphere. For 10 points, identify this allotrope of oxygen with three atoms.
ANSWER: ozone [accept: O3]
10. Edgar Samuel cited its artist’s portrait of George Gisze to suggest that its artist may have used a blown glass
tube while painting it. One figure wears the Order of St. Michael and holds a dagger, while another clutches a glove
in his right hand as his arm rests on a book which indicates that his age is 25. The curtain in the background is green,
and the pattern of the tiles at the bottom of this painting is taken from the Westminster Abbey. Its center includes
shelves with several musical and scientific instruments and it also features a distorted skull at the bottom. For 10
points, identify this painting featuring a diplomat and a bishop from France by Hans Holbein the Younger.
ANSWER: The French Ambassadors
11. His government saw the passage of the Army Enlistment Act as part of the Cardwell Reforms as well as
Forster’s Education Act. He quarreled with the Vatican over the subject of papal infallibility, and wrote the
pamphlet Bulgarian Horrors and the Questions of the East as part of his Midlothian campaign. He lost the support
of the Liberal Unionists to Lord Salisbury, and he was publicly blamed for the death of General Gordon. He
abandoned Charles Parnell, whom he had earlier supported as part of his plan for Irish Home Rule. For 10 points,
name this “Grand Old Man” and four time British prime minister, the Liberal rival of Benjamin Disraeli.
ANSWER: William Gladstone
12. This poet wrote about a figure, who “when he cried the little children died in the streets” in “Epitaph on a
Tyrant.” One of his poems asserts that the “The death of the poet was kept from his poems,” and another poem
juxtaposes a lover’s naïve comment that “love has no ending” against the clocks that “began to whir and chime”
pronouncing “You cannot conquer Time.” This author of “In Memory of W.B. Yeats,” and “As I Walked Out One
Evening” wrote “We must love one another or die” in a poem that begins, “I sit in one of the dives / on Fifty-second
Street.” For 10 points, name this poet, who wrote “September 1, 1939” and “The Unknown Citizen.”
ANSWER: Wystan Hugh Auden
13. For a constant magnetic field, the energy of the anomalous Zeeman effect is proportional to a function of these
values known as the Landé g-factor. In any system, there is one of these for each operator that commutes with the
Hamiltonian and one given by the Hamiltonian’s eigenvalues. The radius of electron orbitals in the Bohr model is
proportional to that value squared, and they are constant as additional electrons are added according to the Aufbau
principle. No two fermions can have the same value for these according to the Pauli exclusion principle. For 10
points, name these values, which describe among other things the shell, subshell, and spin values for an electron.
ANSWER: quantum numbers [accept angular momentum quantum numbers before “Hamiltonian”]
14. The end of this novel features a discussion of Chijimi linens as well as a scene in which a main character falls
and “the Milky Way flow[s] down inside him with a roar,” which follows the burning of a silk warehouse used as a
movie theater. Its protagonist claims to be an expert on Western ballet, but has never seen an actual performance.
While on a train to an onsen town, the protagonist encounters a tubercular man and a woman, who later offers to be
his maid, Yukio and Yoko. For 10 points, name this Yasunari Kawabata novel in which the geisha Komako has an
affair with Shimamura, while hanging out at hot springs in the titular wintery region.
ANSWER: Snow Country [accept Yukiguni]
15. The operation that triggered this event was named after the Anadyr River to deceive military intelligence about
its location. One party involved talked about burglars and those that caught the burglars in a telegram to Bertrand
Russell, and its resolution was begun by a meeting between an ABC news reporter and Alexsandr Fomin. It resulted
in the death of Rudolf Anderson, a U2 pilot, and a resolution was eventually reached with the removal of Jupiter
missiles from Turkey, as proposed by Nikita Khrushchev. For 10 points, name this October 1962 event in which the
United States and the Soviet Union were brought to the brink of war over Soviet weapons in Cuba.
ANSWER: Cuban Missile Crisis
16. A quantitative test for them involves the addition of alcoholic silver nitrate solution, which follows the Zeisel
test where they are cleaved using strong acids. Anisole and THF are compounds with this functional group, and a
special type of these can be produced by reacting alkenes with peroxy acids. They can be produced by reacting an
alkyl halide with an alcoxide produced from an alcohol in the Williamson synthesis, and the Crown varieties are
used as solvents for Grignard reagents. For 10 points, identify this functional group, where two carbon molecules are
single bonded to an oxygen molecule, whose diethyl variety was once used as an anesthetic.
ANSWER: ethers
17. One of his protagonists is chased by the “Man with Queer Feet” before experiencing a vision of Dick Humbird
in a dark alley. That man’s mother, Beatrice O’Hara, has an affair with Monsignor Darcy, who introduces him to
literature with Thomas D’Invilliers. In another work the murder of Abe North leaves Nicole Warren hysterical, who
later marries Tommy Barban after divorcing Dick Diver. In addition to writing about Amory Blaine in This Side of
Paradise and Tender is the Night, another of his works ends when the protégé of Dan Cody is murdered to avenge
Myrtle Wilson. For 10 points, what author wrote about Daisy Buchanan and Nick Carraway in The Great Gatsby?
ANSWER: F. Scott Fitzgerald [Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald]
18. He first came to Washington to give a speech in the aftermath of the Chesapeake Affair, and he created the
Bureau of Indian Affairs while serving as Secretary of War under Monroe. In another role, he was replaced by
Martin Van Buren after his wife Floride exacerbated the Peggy Eaton affair, and earlier he wrote an Exposition and
Protest named for his home state that argued against the Tariff of Abominations. He served as vice president for
both John Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, and late in life, he was unable to read his own speech against the
Compromise of 1850. For 10 pints, name this proponent of slavery and nullification, a senator from South Carolina.
ANSWER: John Caldwell Calhoun
19. In one section of this poem, it is noted that no “trembling harp,” “tumbling hawk,” or “swift horse” had “emptied
the earth of entire peoples.” Those lines come from its section named for the “Last Survivor,” which is considered to
be the third of its “four funerals.” Its closing scene dedicates a barrow to that title figure, who as a youth allegedly
lost a swimming contest with Breca in the North Sea. The title figure receives two weapons that eventually fail,
acquiring Naegling from Hygelac and Hrunting from Unferth in, for 10 points, which epic poem in which the title
figure fights a dragon after rescuing Heorot from the ravages of Cain's descendent Grendel?
ANSWER: Beowulf
20. These objects can have an internal boundary named for Cauchy, and they can also be extremal according to the
Reissner-Nordstrom metric. If the charge to mass ratio is any higher, they can violate the Cosmic Censorship
Hypothesis. Their entropy was conjectured to be inversely proportional to the Planck length squared by Bekenstein,
who sometimes names a process in which spontaneous pair production results in them giving off energy, known as
Hawking radiation. For 10 points, name these objects, which occur above the Chandraseker limit, consisting of an
event horizon surrounding a singularity, and which are so massive that no light can escape.
ANSWER: black holes [accept singularities before “Planck length” is read]
Don’t read this as a tiebreaker; go to one of the tossups in the tiebreaker packet if necessary. This is preserved for
posterity, only (Engels has already been a tossup).
In one work, this man claimed that the “vulgar democracy” of the 1848 French Revolution was “obsolete in every
respect” and urged revolutionaries to instead seek power through peaceful means. Apart from The Tactics of Social
Democracy, this man also wrote a critique of Eugen Duhring that included the chapter Socialism: Utopian and
Scientific. This co-author of The Holy Family spoke out against marriage in The Origin of the Family, Private
Property, and the State and against the horrors of industry in The Condition of the Working Class in England in
1844. For 10 points, name this man more famous for co-authoring the Communist Manifesto with Karl Marx.
ANSWER: Fredrich Engels
Packet by Harvard B (Bruce Arthur, Julia Schlozman, Yi Sun, and Alice Tzeng)
Bonuses
1. This work’s first movement features a 6/8 Vivace Assai following a slow 3/4 introduction, and “Twinkle, Twinkle
Little Star” is quoted at the beginning of its second movement. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this symphony in G Major named for a loud chord that interrupts the slow second movement.
ANSWER: Surprise Symphony (accept Haydn’s 94th Symphony)
[10] Name this composer of The Surprise Symphony, which was included in his London Symphonies.
ANSWER: Franz Joseph Haydn
[10] Hanne, Lucas, and Simon are the peasant soloists in this Haydn oratorio based on a James Thomson poem.
ANSWER: The Seasons
2. According to Hesiod, this figure’s siblings include Moros and Oizys, who represented blame and misery, as well
as the Keres, who represented the violent aspects of this figure. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this son of Nyx, the personification of death in Greek myth.
ANSWER: Thanatos
[10] This other brother of Thanatos, the Greek god of sleep, was married to Pasithea. His sons included Morpheus,
the god of dreams.
ANSWER: Hypnos
[10] Thanatos was once chained up by this king of Corinth and founder of the Isthmian games, who was eventually
punished by being forced to endlessly roll a stone up a hill.
ANSWER: Sisyphus
3. According to it, quarks experience asymptotic freedom and confinement. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this theory which explains the strong nuclear force through color interactions.
ANSWER: QCD [or quantum chromodynamics]
[10] According to QCD, the strong force is carried by these massless, chargeless bosons which thus hold quarks
together.
ANSWER: gluons
[10] QCD was prompted by the Yang-Mills theory, which is this type of quantum field theory in which the
Lagrangian is invariant in certain situations. Kaluza-Klein theory is another example, and their quanta are a
namesake kind of bosons.
ANSWER: gauge theory [accept gauge bosons]
4. A man smokes a pipe as a bottle can be seen on the table in one work by this name. For 10 points each:
[10] Give this name of a work in which three people gathered around a table with a drawer enjoy the titular activity,
which possibly involves gambling.
ANSWER: The Card Players [or Les joueurs de cartes]
[10] This artist, notable for his several still lives and views of Mont Saint Victoire, painted Bathers at Rest and The
Card Players.
ANSWER: Paul Cézanne
[10] Cezanne painted a “Black Marble” version of one of these objects. A square, black one appears atop the mantle
in Magritte’s Time Transfixed.
ANSWER: a clock
5. Answer the following about sonnets in English poetry. For 10 points each:
[10] This poet says “When all the breathers in this world are dead / you shall still live . . . in the mouths of men” in
“Or I shall live your epitaph to make,” while he also wrote the sonnet “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”
ANSWER: William Shakespeare
[10] The speaker asserts, “my heart in hiding / stirred” for the title bird of his sonnet, “The Windhover.” He created
“sprung rhythm” and also wrote “Pied Beauty” and “The Wreck of the Deutschland.”
ANSWER: Gerard Manley Hopkins
[10] This poet wrote “But last year’s bitter loving must remain / Heaped on my heart / and my old thoughts abide” in
the sonnet “Time does not bring relief; you all have lied,” and she also wrote “Renascence” and a poem about a
candle burning at both ends.
ANSWER: Edna St. Vincent Millay
6. This work uses the musical example of the dichotomy between notes and airs to illustrate the difference between
objects that we are “immediately” conscious of and those which we are “mediately” conscious of. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this 1878 essay appearing in Popular Science Monthly, which discusses the concept of distinctness in
philosophical arguments.
ANSWER: How to Make Our Ideas Clear
[10] How to Make Our Ideas Clear is a work by this American philosopher and pioneer of semiotics, who also wrote
“The Fixation of Belief.”
ANSWER: Charles Sanders Peirce
[10] Peirce is part of this philosophical movement. Its modern adherents include Richard Rorty, and its most
famous member is William James.
ANSWER: Pragmatism
7. Identify the following things relating to the outbreak of World War I, for 10 points each.
[10] The assassination of this man by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914 set off existing tensions between
Serbia and Austria.
ANSWER: Archduke Franz Ferdinand
[10] After the Austrian declaration of war against Serbia and the resulting Russian mobilization, Germany was
forced by this inflexible war plan to launch a preemptive strike against France.
ANSWER: Schlieffen Plan
[10] Kaiser Wilhem II and Tsar Nicholas II exchanged these telegrams in the months leading up the war in an
attempt to avoid it. They are named for how the men signed them.
ANSWER: Willy-Nicky correspondence/telegrams/etc. [accept Nicky-Willy]
8. Jim Nolan and Doc Burton are Communist labor leaders, who help organize and provide for depression-era
California fruit pickers in an ultimately unsuccessful strike. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this 1936 novel whose title is based on a passage from Paradise Lost.
ANSWER: In Dubious Battle
[10] In Dubious Battle was one of the earlier works of this author whose other works include The Red Pony, Travels
with Charley, and East of Eden.
ANSWER: John Steinbeck
[10] This Steinbeck work deals with a group of friends living near a sardine factory in Monterey, who try to throw a
party for their friend Doc, who is modeled after Ed Ricketts.
ANSWER: Cannery Row
9. Answer the following about Minor Prophets from the Old Testament, for 10 points each.
[10] This prophet didn’t feel like doing God’s word and proclaiming judgment to Nineveh, so he went to Joppa to
take a boat to Tarshish. While at sea, he was swallowed by a huge fish.
ANSWER: Jonah
[10] The father of Jezreel, Lo-ruhamah, and Lo-ammi, this dude was ordered by God to marry the harlot Gomer and
repeatedly forgive her dalliances.
ANSWER: Hosea [accept Osee]
[10] Things prophesized from Moresheth by this man included the birthplace of Jesus. His namesake book contains
his condemnations of the rich and his relaying of the order to “walk humbly with God.”
ANSWER: Micah [accept Micheas]
10. To measure large distances, astronomers use deep-sky objects with known luminosities as markers. Name the
following standard candles, for 10 points each.
[10] This technique uses the angles of light from a star as viewed from two distinct points in the Earth’s orbit in
order to determine distances of up to 100 light-years.
ANSWER: parallax
[10] These types of variable stars, which include Polaris and Eta Aquilae, oscillate in apparent magnitude with 1 to
100 day periods related to their absolute luminosity.
ANSWER: Cepheid variables
[10] Parallax was said to have been discovered by this German mathematician, who observed the parallax of 61
Cygni. He is the namesake of some functions which are cylindrical solutions to differential equations.
ANSWER: Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel
11. Name these second basemen for 10 points each.

[10] This man replaced Placido Polanco as second baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies and made his third All-Star
appearance in 2008.
ANSWER: Chase Utley
[10] This scrappy switch-hitter played second base and shortstop for the Minnesota Twins in 2008. He played with
the Phillies until 2003 and was named as one of the “Piranhas” while playing third base for the Twins.
ANSWER: Nick Punto
[10] This Texas Ranger missed the last six weeks of the 2008 season after having surgery to repair a sports hernia.
Along with Ryan Braun and Kevin Youkilis, this man was one of three Jewish players in the 2008 All-Star Game.
ANSWER: Ian Michael Kinsler
12. Identify the following about the good looks and appearances of animals, for 10 points each.
[10] Harmless king snakes imitate venomous coral snakes and viceroy butterflies look like poisonous monarch
butterflies in this type of mimicry, often contrasted with Mullerian mimicry.
ANSWER: Batesian mimicry
[10] In this generically-named type of mimicry, an organism has evolved to blend into its environment.
ANSWER: camouflage [or cryptic coloration; or concealing coloration]
[10] In this type of mimicry a bright color is possessed by organisms which are unpalatable to predators; the
coloration serves as a warning mechanism.
ANSWER: aposematism
13. Sam Adams’ famous quote “This meeting can do nothing more to save the country” was the signal to begin an
important event in American history. For 10 points each:
[10] In this 1773 event, Americans disguised themselves as Narragansett Indians and dumped a cargo of the
namesake commodity into a harbor.
ANSWER: Boston Tea Party
[10] The tea-dumpers were drawn from this secret organization, led in part by Samuel Adams. They were
responsible for the tarring and feathering of many a British tax collector.
ANSWER: the Sons of Liberty [accept Sons of Violence or Sons of Iniquity from any turncoats out there]
[10] This governor of Massachusetts refused to allow any vessels bearing tea to leave Boston Harbor before
unloading.
ANSWER: Thomas Hutchinson
14. Identify the following about fiction involving Oxford, for 10 points each.
[10] This author wrote about the school Christminster, which is loosely based on Oxford, in his novel Jude the
Obscure and he also penned Tess of the d’Urbervilles.
ANSWER: Thomas Hardy
[10] Hardy also penned this novel, which doesn’t have much to do with Oxford. In it, Gabriel Oak eventually ends
up with his beloved, Bathsheba Everdene, after a lot of farming and some rash actions by Mr. Boldwood.
ANSWER: Far From the Madding Crowd
[10] The Duke of Dorset’s suicide by drowning himself in the River Isis triggers a rash of undergraduate suicides at
Judas College, which is based on Oxford, in this author’s novel Zuleika Dobson. He also wrote the collection Seven
Men, which contains the story “Enoch Soames.”
ANSWER: Max Beerbohm
15. The Kuban and Terek rivers begin at its glaciers. For 10 points each:
[10] The tallest mountain in the Caucasus, this dormant stratovolcano is generally considered to be the highest in
Europe.
ANSWER: Mount Elbrus
[10] Located at the border of France and Italy, this summit is the highest in Western Europe and lies between Upper
Savoy and the Aosta Valley.
ANSWER: Mont Blanc
[10] This third-highest of the African mountains forms part of the Ruwenzori Range and contains Margherita Peak,
located on the Uganda-Congo border.
ANSWER: Mount Stanley
16. Zinc oxide notably exhibits this property. For 10 points each:
[10] Water and amino acids are prime examples of this type of substance that can act as either an acid or a base
depending on the pH.
ANSWER: amphotericness [word forms ok]
[10] This is the pH at which the net charge of an amino acid is zero. For neutral amino acids, it is usually close to 6.
ANSWER: isoelectric point
[10] This property is possessed by certain compounds, which concurrently have both a positive and negative charge.
ANSWER: zwitterion
17. Identify these Mozart operas, for 10 points each.

[10] Don Alphonso bets Ferrando and Guglielmo that if they pretend to leave to fight in a war their lovers Fiordiligi
and Dorabella would not stay faithful in this Mozart comic opera.
ANSWER: Così fan tutte ossia La Scuola degli Amanti [or They're All Like That, or The School for Lovers; accept
English equivalents]
[10] Count Almaviva wants to exercise his “droit de seigneur” with the servant Susanna, but the title character of
this opera ultimately gets the better of him.
ANSWER: The Marriage of Figaro [accept Le Nozze di Figaro]
[10] Belmonte and his servant Pedrillo try to rescue the kidnapped Konstanze from the title location, which is
guarded by the evil eunuch Osmin in this Mozart opera.
ANSWER: The Abduction from the Seraglio [or Die Entführung aus dem Serail]
18. It describes the evolution of stops from Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this law of linguistics, developed by a dude who also collected some fairy tales with his brother.
ANSWER: Grimm’s Law
[10] Grimm’s Law is sometimes named for this man whose work set the foundation for it. He also translated the
Eddas into Swedish, but is probably most famous for having a totally awesome name.
ANSWER: Rasmus Rask
[10] According to Grimm’s Law, voiceless stops became voiceless these, sounds formed by forcing air through a
small passage, such as the English “f”.
ANSWER: fricatives
19. The Roman Empire had a hard time trying to rule the tribes of Britannia, which exploded in revolt around 60
CE. Name these key figures from the era, for 10 points each.
[10] This Iceni warrior queen led an army against the Romans after her two young daughters were raped in the wake
of her husband Prasutagus’s death.
ANSWER: Boudica [or Boadicea]
[10] Prior to Boudica, the Catuvellauni chief Caratacus organized a resistance that was eventually put down by this
emperor, who ordered the invasion of Britain in 43 CE. One of his wives was the sinister Agrippina the Younger.
ANSWER: Claudius I [accept Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus; or Tiberius Claudius Drusus;
or Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus]
[10] The history of Britain’s fight against Rome, along with other events during the reigns of the Emperors Tiberius
through Nero, is recorded in this final masterpiece of Tacitus.
ANSWER: Annals [or Annales]
20. Name the following national epics. For 10 points each:

[10] In this poem, Ludovico Ariosto mocks the chivalric world of Charlemagne and describes the title character’s
romance with Princess Angelica against the background of the Saracen invasion.
ANSWER: Orlando Furioso [or The Frenzy of Orlando; or Mad Orlando]
[10] The giant Antero Vipunen gives the magical words for summoning boats to Vainomoinen in this national epic
of Finland composed by Elias Lonnrot.
ANSWER: Kalevala
[10] Luis de Camoes wrote this national epic of Portugal, that talks about Vasco de Gama and a giant monster
named Adamastor.
ANSWER: Os Lusiads [or The Lusiads]
21. He may have been the most successful Minister of Maritime Commerce in Sardinian history. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this man, who was later promoted to Prime Minister of Piedmont-Sardinia and led the movement for
Italian Unification in the 1850s.
ANSWER: Camillo Benso Cavour
[10] Among Cavour’s tasks was controlling Francesco Crispi and this man, a former Carbonari, and the military
leader of the Italian unification.
ANSWER: Giuseppi Garibaldi
[10] Cavour ensured that Victor Emmanuel would be crowned King of Italy with the Iron Crown of these Germanic
people that established a kingdom in Italy.
ANSWER: Lombards [accept Lombardy]
Packet by Harvard C (Meryl Federman, John Lesieutre, Ana Enriquez, Adam Hallowell)
Tossups
1. He claimed that the west’s pure-white skin allowed westerners to adopt bright lights, and exalted elegant toilets in
one work, and he told of a beautiful woman who gets a “prostitute spider” emblazoned on her body in another. This
author of “In Praise of Shadows” and “The Tattooer” wrote of a centipede bite killing Tsuneko in a work by this
author that sees Tadasu fantasize about breastfeeding. In another of his works, Yukiko is the most westernized of
the title characters. In addition to “The Bridge of Dreams,” he wrote a novel in which Kaname and Misako’s
marriage dissolves. For 10 points, name this Japanese author of Some Prefer Nettles and The Makioka Sisters.
ANSWER: Junichiro Tanizaki [accept in either order]
2. One story notes that this figure’s lover had a sister named Belili, who heard this figure’s lover lamenting, and
spilled a handful of gems. This deity had a holy city at Erech, and was subjected to sixty diseases, after which she
demanded the bag containing the waters of life from Asu-shu-namir. In one story, this personification of the planet
Venus was forced to remove a piece of clothing as she passed through each of seven gates. She may have caused
the death of her lover, Tammuz, and all sexuality on earth stopped when she descended to meet Ereshkigal. For 10
points, name this Babylonian goddess of war and love.
ANSWER: Ishtar [or Inanna; or Astarte]
3. This man explored what effect skyscrapers have on urban life in “Vertical City,” and he studied people who
communicate by repeating radioed messages, cyranoids. He studied the responses to people cutting into lines or
asking for someone to give up their seat on the subway, and he asked people to send packages to those most likely to
know the target in his small world experiment. Variations on his most famous experiment showed higher stress
rates in women, though they were just as likely to continue operating the machine. For 10 points, name this man
who had people administer electric shocks in his obedience experiment.
ANSWER: Stanley Milgram
4. He currently collaborates with flautist Bobby Millitello. He created a jazz version of “Someday My Prince Will
Come” in his album based on Disney songs, and he is credited with bringing jazz to college campuses with his Jazz
at Oberlin. His group's best known album features the tracks “Kathy’s Waltz” and “Strange Meadowlark,” and
features a 9/8 time signature in a piece inspired by the zeybek folk dance, “Blue Rondo a la Turk.” Joe Morello was
originally supposed to play a drum solo in his most famous piece composed by saxophonist Paul Desmond and
written in quintuple time. For 10 points, name this Jazz pianist, who featured "Take Five" in his album Time Out.
ANSWER: Dave Brubeck
5. A cruder form of it was proposed by Wilhelmy in 1858, and its namesake observed the implications of this
statement when equilibrium of reactive and unreactive molecules is considered in the van’t Hoff equation. A T to m
term is sometimes introduced to it, as a quantity in it is approximated to be independent of temperature. That
quantity accounts for the rate and orientation of collisions is called the pre exponential factor. One form of it states
that the natural log of the equilibrium constant has a inverse relationship with one over T, and it allows one to relate
the equilibrium constant with activation energy. For 10 points, identify this equation named for the Swedish chemist.
ANSWER: Arrhenius equation
6. This man adopted his rival’s play Berenice into Tite and Berenice, a work about Titus’s marital follies. Pauline
and Felix decry the title character of another of his works for converting to Christianity, but when that Armenian
gets martyred, they convert too. This author of Polyeucte wrote of the Comte de Gormas’s daughter, who confides
in Elvira that she loves the title character, but demands that he duel Don Sancho to avenge her father. That work
centers on Chimène and Rodrigue, who is given the title epithet after earning honor in war against the Moors. For
10 points, name this author of Le Cid.
ANSWER: Pierre Corneille
7. Inkwells and some scrolls can be seen lying to the left of a figure in this painting as a man dressed in orange has
his right palm on the title figure’s knee as he stares at the title character. A lyre can be seen behind the extended
right leg of the title figure as well as a chain that lies partially on the floor. A figure in blue and brown stands in an
archway leaning against the wall at its left, and in the center a man in red turns his head away from the title figure
whose left hand points upward as he grabs a cup containing poison. For 10 points, name this painting by Jacques-
Louis David, which shows the final moments of a philosopher about to consume hemlock.
ANSWER: The Death of Socrates
8. One of this religion’s texts follows the seeker through places named for Search, Knowledge, and Wonderment,
before arriving in the “Valley of True Poverty and Absolute Nothingness.” Along with The Gems of Divine
Mysteries, that work, The Seven Valleys, was written by this religion’s founder. After the death of this religion’s
Guardian, its Hands of the Cause announced the election of its ruling body, the Universal House of Justice. Haifa is
the site of the tomb of one of its holy men, the Báb. Its texts include the Most Holy Book and the Book of Certitude.
For 10 points, name this religion, an offshoot of Shi’a Islam that venerates all major prophets and the Bahá’u’lláh.
ANSWER: Bahá’í Faith [accept Baha’ism]
9. A theorem named for him states that for a polynomial of degree n with integral coefficients, there exists a
maximum of n solutions to f of x equals 0 modulo p. In addition, this man proved that every positive integer can be
represented as a sum of four squares. A theorem named for him states that the order of a subgroup must divide the
order of the group, and he is also the namesake of a method of finding the optima of a function by introducing the
parameter lambda. The namesake of an error function associated with Taylor series, for 10 points, identify this
Frenchie, who also found a set of points where a tiny body remains stationary relative to two larger bodies.
ANSWER: Joseph Louis Lagrange
10. This man’s video rental history was printed in the Washington City Paper, leading to the Video Privacy
Protection Act. Like Samuel Alito and William Rehnquist, his nomination to the Supreme Court was opposed by the
ACLU, though his qualifications were highly praised by Warren Burger. This man performed an action that William
Ruckelshaus and Elliot Richardson refused to do, the firing of Archibald Cox in the Saturday Night Massacre, while
serving as Solicitor General. Florynce Kennedy used his name as a verb in 1991, arguing against Clarence
Thomas’s appointment. For 10 points, name this Supreme Court nominee of Ronald Reagan, rejected by the senate.
ANSWER: Robert Heron Bork
11. A quote from this play about committing fornication that ends “the wench is dead” is used as the epigraph for
T.S. Eliot’s “The Portrait of a Lady.” “Laws were then most sure/When, like the Draco’s, they were writ in blood,”
claims a character in this work, whose name is fittingly Machiavel. The title character sends a slave named Ithamore
to kill all of the nuns in a nunnery, including his daughter Abagail, but eventually dies when he falls into his own
boiling cauldron. For 10 points, name this work that may have inspired The Merchant of Venice, a play about the life
of a Semite named Barabas by Christopher Marlowe.
ANSWER: The Jew of Malta
12. A hydroxyethyl derivative of this compound is a common intermediate in the synthesis of valine, leucine, and
isoleucine. The transketolase activity of red blood cells is studied to measure the deficiency of this compound whose
pyrophosphate form is a coenzyme used to decarboxylate pyruvate to form Acetyl CoA. In alcoholics its deficiency
results in Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, while a more common deficiency of it originally resulted from a switch to
polished rice. Sometimes called aneurin, it consists of a pyrimidine and a thiazole ring, and that structure was
correctly described by Casimir Funk. For 10 points, identify this vitamin, whose deficiency causes beriberi.
ANSWER: thiamine [or B1]
13. This man’s military was first led by Saint Arnaud, and his advisors included the dukes of Persigny and Morny.
He was satirized in a work plagiarized to form The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Maurice Joly’s Dialogue in Hell
Between Machiavelli and Montesquieu. His rule saw a boom in railway construction and the implementation of
Baron Haussmann’s plan to renovate the streets of Paris. He assisted Victor Emmanuel II against Franz Joseph at
Solferino and he was able to briefly annex Mexico under Maximilian, but he was defeated and captured by Moltke
at Sedan, ending the Franco-Prussian War. For 10 points, name this French emperor, the nephew of his namesake.
ANSWER: Napoleon III [or Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte; do not prompt on “Napoleon”]
14. In this work, the author suggests moving into a house of morality while rebuilding one’s house of ideas and
knowledge from its foundation. This work details a four-part plan, including making complete lists, as a means
towards understanding, supporting this rationalist approach over empirical observations. It also modifies the
position of skepticism to allow for an incontrovertible claim. This work calls physics the “heart” and “soul of man”
and argues for mind-body dualism. Written four years before the author’s Meditations on First Philosophy, for 10
points, name this 1637 work of René Descartes that contains the quotation, “I think, therefore I am.”
ANSWER: Discourse on Method [accept Discourse on the Method]
15. One of this man’s compositions includes a saucy dance in which one character asks “Got any money?” after
which a disheveled old man chases her around saying “All that matters is love.” He wrote a symphonic poem for a
former Regent-President of his country, and he wrote a piece for the Basel Chamber Orchestra called Music for
Strings, Percussion and Celesta. This composer of Kossuth and The Miraculous Mandolin also wrote a five-
movement Concerto for Orchestra and an opera about Judith, who insists that the title character open the doors of
his palace. For 10 points, name this Hungarian composer of the opera Duke Bluebeard’s Castle.
ANSWER: Bela Victor Janos Bartok
16. This man played Jim Hawkins in a 1990 film version of Treasure Island, three years after playing Jamie Graham
in Empire of the Sun. He appeared as Pelagia’s fiancée Mandras in Captain Corelli’s Mandolin, voiced the title role
in Howl’s Moving Castle, and practiced Gun Kata as John Preston in Equilibrium. He lost sixty pounds to play
Trevor Reznik in The Machinist and appeared as yuppie-turned-serial-killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho.
He tells Aaron Eckhart’s character that “You’re the symbol of hope I can never be” in a film that sees him chase
Heath Ledger a lot. For 10 points, name this actor who played the title role in The Dark Knight and Batman Begins.
ANSWER: Christian Charles Philip Bale
17. When this ruler visited Rome at age five, Pope Leo IV dressed him in the robes and sword belt of a Roman
consul. He established a new legal code with the Book of Dooms, and at the Battle of Ashdown he defeated the
forces of the man with whom he would later sign the Peace of Wedmore. He personally translated from Latin works
such as Bede’s Ecclesiastical History and Boethius’s Consolation of Philosophy. The fifth son of Aethelwulf, he
defeated Guthrum’s forces at Edington, pushing them back into Northumbria and East Anglia and retaking London
in about 885. For 10 points, name this king of Wessex, the only “Great” English king.
ANSWER: Alfred the Great
18. Transferred electron devices are a form of these components that utilize negative differential resistance and are
generally named for Gunn. A law giving their current is named for transistor-inventor William Shockley. One of
these and a MOSFET is used to form a synchronous rectifier, and four of these devices are arranged in a namesake
bridge in full-wave rectifiers. If these have a large enough negative voltage drop, they go into breakdown, though
reverse-bias operation is possible in their Zener variety. For 10 points, name these devices that normally consist of a
p-n junction and only allow current to pass in one direction, and which also come in light-emitting types.
ANSWER: diodes [accept early buzz of Gunn diodes]
19. Characters created by this author include Jim, a child who is told by a lightning rod salesman that his house will
be hit in the upcoming storm, and Douglas Spaulding, a twelve-year-old who convinces Mr. Sanderson to let him
run errands for him in exchange for shoes which will help him explore the world. Another of his novels features
ultra-fast “beetle” cars, and includes the characters Professor Faber, Clarisse McCellan, Captain Beatty, and Guy
Montag. The author of Something Wicked This Way Comes and Dandelion Wine, for 10 points, name this author of
The Martian Chronicles and Fahrenheit 451.
ANSWER: Ray Bradbury
20. The Chele La is this country’s highest major mountain pass, and its small southern areas of deciduous lowland
contain the Shiwalik Hills and its former capital, Punakha. Its second largest city is Paro, and this country contains
Gangkhar Puensum, which at 24,836 feet is the world’s largest unclimbed mountain, although the slightly higher
Kula Kangri is disputed with China. The states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and Sikkim all border this country,
and its rivers, which include the Drangme Chhu, lie in the Brahmaputra watershed. For 10 points, name this
kingdom in the eastern Himalayas with capital at Thimphu.
ANSWER: Kingdom of Bhutan
TB. The buildup to this conflict saw one side occupied with the Uskok War, and the Smolensk War is sometimes
considered an episode in it. Gabor Bethlen took advantage of this conflict to carve out some land, and it also
involved Maximilian I of Bavaria. Christian IV signed the Treaty of Lubeck to end Denmark’s involvement in this
war, and the Battle of White Mountain ended its Bohemian Phase, which began with a Defenestration of Prague.
Commanders in this war included the Count of Tilly, Wallenstein, and Gustavus Adolphus. For 10 points, name this
war between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire that ended with the Peace of Westphalia.
ANSWER: Thirty Years’ War
Packet by Harvard C (Meryl Federman, John Lesieutre, Ana Enriquez, Adam Hallowell)
Bonuses
1. Reverend Gabriel is plagued by guilt for abandoning his illegitimate son Royal and his mother Esther to die of
poverty. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel set entirely on the day of the fourteenth birthday of John Grimes.
ANSWER: Go Tell it on the Mountain
[10] This author of Go Tell it on the Mountain wrote about Rufus Scott, who commits suicide by jumping off the
George Washington bridge after his failed relationship with Leona in his novel Another Country.
ANSWER: James Baldwin
[10] Baldwin also wrote a series of essays about race relations entitled for this “next time.” Jack London wrote a
short story called “To Build” one of these.
ANSWER: a fire [accept “The Fire Next Time”]
2. Identify these Supreme Court cases which mention a right to privacy, for 10 points each.
[10] Overturning a Connecticut law banning contraceptives, William O. Douglas found a right to privacy in the
“penumbras” of the Constitution in this 1965 case. Potter Stewart, dissenting, called the law “uncommonly silly,”
but constitutional.
ANSWER: Griswold v. Connecticut [accept in reverse order]
[10] This 1973 case saw Harry Blackmun write in the majority opinion that the right to privacy extended to
abortions, and incorporated the companion case Doe v. Bolton.
ANSWER: Roe v. Wade [accept either, in either order]
[10] The Court also relied on Griswold’s statement of a right to privacy in this 2003 case overturning an anti-
sodomy law, as well as the Court’s previous ruling in Bowers v. Hardwick.
ANSWER: Lawrence v. Texas [accept in reverse order]
3. Answer some questions about a class of organic compounds, for 10 points each.
[10] The smallest compound of this group of carbon allotropes is an unsaturated dodecahedrane, though the
"buckyball" may be more famous.
ANSWER: fullerenes
[10] This group of fullerenes has members which are not closed polyhedra, but long, narrow, cylinders.
ANSWER: nanotube
[10] The structure of fullerenes was first elucidated in 1991 with x-ray crystallography of a fullerene derivative
containing this element, whose tetroxide reacts with alkenes to yield syn diols.
ANSWER: Osmium
4. Name the following about metaphors and concepts from Platonic philosophy, for 10 points each.
[10] This metaphor involves people chained underground who can only see the shadows of puppets against a fire.
ANSWER: allegory of the cave [accept clear knowledge]
[10] The allegory of the cave expresses this theory about properties of objects, or eidos. This theory distinguishes
between those properties and individuals’ observations which mimic those properties.
ANSWER: Theory of Forms
[10] The allegory of the cave was expounded in this Platonic dialogue, which is a meditation on government that
claims that philosophers would rule the title state.
ANSWER: the Republic [or Politeia]
5. Nagg tells a joke about a tailor at Lake Como to his wife Nell, who both live in trash cans after their legs were lost
in a biking accident. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this play in which Clov serves the blind and immobile Hamm.
ANSWER: Endgame [or Fin de partie]
[10] This absurdist author of A Piece of Monologue and Breath wrote Endgame, as well as a trilogy that includes
Malone Dies, The Unnamable, and Molloy.
ANSWER: Samuel Beckett
[10] Beckett also wrote this play about Vladimir and Estragon, who hang out in hopes of seeing the title character.
ANSWER: Waiting for Godot [or En attendant Godot]
6. Like Donatello, this man sculpted a bronze statue of David, who is notably not nude and wields a sword, though
he is better known for a disciple of his. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this sculptor who created the equestrian statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni in Venice.
ANSWER: Andrea del Verrocchio
[10] Name that student of Verrocchio, who is better known for depicting Cecilia Gallerani holding an animal
probably symbolic of Ludovico Sforza in Lady With an Ermine, as well as his Vitruvian Man.
ANSWER: Leonardo da Vinci
[10] Two forms of this painting exist, one at the Louvre and the other at the Tate museum, which depict the meeting
of Jesus and Jon the Baptist as infants, with Mary ushering John towards Jesus.
ANSWER: Virgin of the Rocks [or Madonna of the Rocks]
7. It is followed in the Port Elizabeth trilogy by Hello and Goodbye, and its two primary characters exchange letters
with Ethel Lange. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this play which centers around two half brothers, the dark-skinned Zachariah and the lighter-skinned
Morris, who share the titular bond.
ANSWER: The Blood Knot
[10] This South African author of Blood Knot worked with Zakes Mokae on his early plays No-Good Friday and
Nongogo. His other works include Sizwe Bansi is Dead and Boesman and Lena.
ANSWER: Harold Athol Lanigan Fugard
[10] This Fugard play features the black men Willie and Sam, who work at St. George’s Park Tea Room. The first
title character, Hally, gets angry at Sam when he learns of his alcoholic father’s discharge from the hospital.
ANSWER: “MASTER HAROLD”…and the boys
8. His Buddhist equivalent, Taishakuten, was the commander of the Four Heavenly Kings, and he loves drinking
soma. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this golden-bodied Rigvedic god of the sun who wields the thunderbolt Vajra and rides the white
elephant Airavata.
ANSWER: Indra
[10] Indra destroyed the 99 fortresses of this dragon, the embodiment of drought, before killing him with Vajra and
freeing the world’s rivers.
ANSWER: Vritra [accept Ahi]
[10] The son of Indra, this Pandava archer won his wife Draupadi by shooting an arrow through some rings, and he
kicked serious Kaurava ass in the Kurukshetra war.
ANSWER: Arjuna
9. Its capital was Salisbury, and when it violated Britain’s policy of No Independence Before Majority African Rule,
High Commissioner John Baines Johnston left and U.N. sanctions kicked in. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this former African nation named after a diamond magnate, which reverted to colonial status under the
Lancaster Agreement of 1979, then became independent under a different name the next year.
ANSWER: Rhodesia
[10]This man led Rhodesia’s white-minority political party, the Rhodesian Front, and served as the country’s first
Prime Minister.
ANSWER: Ian Smith
[10].Speaking of Rhodesia, this second UN Secretary General died in a plane crash in that place. This Swedish
badass is also known for his work in resolving the Suez Crisis, and for his efforts in the civil war in Congo.
ANSWER: Dag Hammarskjold
10. Name some particles that might show up in the Large Hadron Collider, for 10 points each.
[10] Many hope that the LHC will detect this so-called "God particle," whose namesake field may give rise to mass.
ANSWER: Higgs boson
[10] Others believe the LHC will produce this hypothetical particle behind the gravitational force.
ANSWER: graviton
[10] The LHC should also provide important results related to a substance in the early universe, a version of this
phase of matter made up of quarks and gluons.
ANSWER: plasma [accept quark-gluon plasma]
11. Inez Institoris shoots her adulterous lover Rudolf after he falls in love with Marie Godeau in this novel. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this novel by Serenus Zeitblom about the life of the composer Adrian Leverkuhn.
ANSWER: Doktor Faustus
[10] Doktor Faustus is written by this German, who wrote about Hans Castorp in Magic Mountain.
ANSWER: Thomas Mann
[10] Mann also wrote this fascist-bashing novella about a trip to Torre di Venere, in which the first title character, a
hypnotist named Cipolla, kills the second title character.
ANSWER: Mario and the Magician [or Mario und der Zauberer]
12. This man’s students included Donatello and Paolo Uccello, and he rediscovered the technique of lost-wax
casting. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this winner of a competition to create the first set of bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery, whose
second set of Baptistery doors were called the “Gates of Paradise.”
ANSWER: Lorenzo Ghiberti [accept Lorenzo di Bartolo]
[10] This sculptor of the Sacrifice of Isaac and designer of the dome of the Florence Baptistery lost that competition
to Ghiberti.
ANSWER: Filippo Brunelleschi
[10] The wool merchants’ guild commissioned Ghiberti to create a statue of St. John the Baptist for this church in
Florence. It was originally a grain market, and it also features Nanni di Banco’s Four Crowned Martyrs.
ANSWER: the Orsanmichele [accept Kitchen Garden of St. Michael]
13. Name these German state capitals, for 10 points each.

[10] This city on the Elbe River lies south of the Lusatian mountains about 200 kilometers south of Berlin, and is the
capital of Saxony. You know it best for being firebombed in World War II.
ANSWER: Dresden
[10] Lying on a series of hills at the center of the Neckar valley, this auto manufacturing hub is the capital of Baden-
Württemberg in the southwest.
ANSWER: Stuttgart
[10] People can look at fancy cars and stuff in the BMW museum in this city found on the rivers Isar and Würm. It
is a city of 1.4 million people and is the capital of Bavaria.
ANSWER: Munich [accept München]
14. It begins by discussing the “king of the wood,” who was supposedly ritually murdered by his successor. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this “study of magic and religion” which had its name inspired by a Turner painting depicting the
entering of the underworld in the Aeneid.
ANSWER: The Golden Bough
[10] This Scottish anthropologist wrote The Golden Bough as well as some studies of totemism and Myths of the
Origin of Fire.
ANSWER: James George Frazer
[10] The Golden Bough inspired this Joseph Campbell work which introduced the idea of the monomyth and whose
title figure represents a link between various myth systems.
ANSWER: The Hero with a Thousand Faces
15. Identify these figures from Italian unification, for 10 points each.
[10] This Pope, who took office in 1846, granted a constitution to the Papal States in 1848, bolstering his initial
reputation as a reformer. However, anger over his failure to go to war with Austria forced him to flee Rome later
that year.
ANSWER: Pius IX
[10] This Genoan revolutionary founded the Young Italy movement and wrote about the need for popular
democracy in a single united Italian nation. He led Rome for five months in 1849 during the Pope’s exile.
ANSWER: Giuseppe Mazzini
[10] During exile in South America, this man fought for Uruguayan independence, though he’s more famous for
leading his redshirts in the fight for Italian independence.
ANSWER: Giuseppe Garibaldi
16. The “blind spot” occurs because the optic nerve which connects it to the brain does not have any photoreceptors.
For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this structure at the back of the eye which contains rods and cones, and is separated from the sclera by
the choroid layer.
ANSWER: retina
[10] This structure found at the center of the retina is important in focusing the images formed in the eye. The word
lutea is sometimes appended to it because of its yellow appearance, and the foveal pit is found at its center.
ANSWER: macula lutea
[10] These interneurons provide the link between the cells of the outer plexiform layer to the ganglion cells of the
inner plexiform layer.
ANSWER: bipolar cells
17. Name these recent Major League Baseball Rookies of the Year, for 10 points each.
[10] This Canadian outfielder won the 2004 award with Pittsburgh, hitting .282 with 26 home runs and a .550
slugging average. He was traded to the Red Sox this summer in the deal that sent Manny Ramirez to the Dodgers.
ANSWER: Jason Raymond Bay
[10] In 2006, his first full season with the Tigers, this pitcher went 17-9 with a 3.63 ERA and allowed only one
stolen base all season. He threw the first no-hitter in Comerica Park against the Brewers in June 2007.
ANSWER: Justin Brooks Verlander
[10] This St. Louis Cardinals first baseman won the award in 2001, and also won the N.L. MVP in 2005. He has the
highest batting and slugging averages of any active player and is the fastest to hit 300 home runs, doing so in July.
ANSWER: Jose Alberto “Albert” Pujols Alcantara
18. Its movements include “Of Youth” and “The Lonely One in Autumn.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this work based on Chinese poetry whose first movement is titled “The Drinking Song of Earth’s
Misery” that was officially not classified as a symphony to avoid “The Curse of the Ninth.”
ANSWER: The Song of the Earth [or Das Lied von der Erde]
[10] The Song of the Earth is created by this German composer, who wrote the Titan and Resurrection symphonies.
ANSWER: Gustav Mahler
[10] “In diesem Wetter” is the last movement of this song cycle based on the poetry of Frierich Ruckert, which
aggravated Mahler superstitions after his four year old daughter died of scarlet fever two years after its premiere.
ANSWER: Kindertotenlieder [or Songs on the Death of Children]
19. The Beta function for x and y is equal to this function of x times this function of y divided by this function of
quantity x plus y. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this function, which shares its name with the lowercase symbol used to represent the Euler Mascheroni
constant.
ANSWER: gamma function
[10] The gamma function is a generalized form of this function, which takes the product of n and all positive
integers less than n, commonly represented by an exclamation mark.
ANSWER: factorial
[10] This approximation to the factorial can be derived by taking the logarithm of the factorial and doing some other
algebraic manipulations. It is named for a Scottish mathematician, and works well for large values of n.
ANSWER: Stirling’s approximation
20. His Corpus Juris Civilis codified Roman law, and his numerous building projects included the Hagia Sofia. For
10 points each:
[10] Name this husband of Theodora, a Byzantine emperor whose rule was chronicled by Procopius.
ANSWER: Justinian I the Great [or Flavius Petrus Sabbatius or Favius Anicius Justinianus Magnus]
[10] This chief general of Justinian was able to recover a lot of land by defeating the Ostrogoths under Witiges and
the Vandals under Gelimer.
ANSWER: Belisarius
[10] Belisarius, along with Mundus and Narses, put these down these riots with a massacre in the Hippodrome.
They were led by supporters of the Blue and Green charioteer teams.
ANSWER: Nika riots or revolt
21. It holds that Anatta, Dukkha, and Anicca are the three characteristics of suffering in mankind. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this oldest branch of Buddhism that believes the highest level of enlightenment is the arhat.
ANSWER: Theravada
[10] This massive Theravada collection is written in Pali rather than Sanskrit and the three main sections its name
alludes to are the Vinaya, Sutta, and Abhidamma.
ANSWER: the Tripitaka [or The Three Baskets]
[10] One collection of 423 aphorisms including the sections, “Twin Verses” and “Flowers” has a title literally
meaning the “way of” this concept, which refers to right doctrines and proper religious practices.
ANSWER: Dharma
Packet by Illinois B (Trygve Meade)
Tossups
1. In one of his novels, Florentine Vivier murders Lord Frederick, leaving her son Hyancinth to Miss Pynsent, and in
another novel Mrs. Bread gives the title character evidence that Madame de Bellegarde murdered her husband,
which he could use to blackmail Claire de Cintré. In addition to writing The Princess Casamassima and describing
Christopher Newman in The American, another of his works climaxes when Countess Gemini reveals that Pansy is
the illegitimate daughter of Madame Merle and the title character’s husband Gilbert Osmond. For 10 points, name
this author, who wrote about Lambert Strether and Isabel Archer in The Ambassadors and The Portrait of a Lady.
ANSWER: Henry James
2. This man’s works include a number of buildings on Nuns’ Island in Montreal and a building which features a
translucent onyx wall, the Villa Tugendhat. While working at IIT, he designed the Farnsworth House, and his “skin
and bones” architecture is exemplified by such works as the Lake Shore Drive Apartments. He and Lilly Reich
created the Barcelona Chair for his German Pavilion, while another of his designs features three-position window
blinds and the Four Seasons Restaurant, and is located on Park Avenue. For 10 points, identify this last chairman of
the Bauhaus, who said “less is more” and collaborated with Phillip Johnson on the Seagram Building.
ANSWER: Ludwig Mies van der Rohe [accept Maria Ludwig Michael Mies]
3. One quantity in this equation can be expressed as one minus theta over theta where theta is the Langmuir
adsorption isotherm. It can be applied to calculate the net charge on a protein at a given pH and is considered an
approximation of the law of mass action applied to one species. This equation is less useful in extremely dilute
solutions and when dealing with extremely strong acids or bases, and it ignores the minor dissociation of water and
also hydrolysis of bases. For 10 points, identify this equation which relates the log of the ratio of conjugate base
over acid and pKa to pH which is useful in characterizing buffer systems.
ANSWER: Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
4. This act was limited by a Supreme Court decision for the Virginia Electric and Power co., and its constitutionality
was upheld in a case involving the Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation. It was cosponsored by Massachusetts
representative William Connery, and domestic servants and agricultural workers were explicitly excluded from this
act. It was amended in 1947 by an act that passed over President Truman’s veto, the Taft-Hartley Act, and under this
legislation, workers were allowed to choose the union they desired via election. For 10 points, name this legislation
that established a namesake board for governing labor disputes, a 1935 act named for a New York senator.
ANSWER: Wagner-Connery Act [or National Labor Relations Act]
5. In one of this man’s novels, the owner of the After the Show Retreat is married to the radical politician Yuken
Noguchi. Another novel sets the Daphnis and Chloe story on Uta-Jima and stars the lovers Hatsue and Shinji. In
addition to After the Banquet and The Sound of Waves, this author wrote a novel in which Fusako falls in love with
Ryuji, the titular Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea. More famously, he wrote a series of novels about Honda
and Kiyaoki’s births and rebirths, as well as a novel about Mizoguchi, a young monk who sets fire to the titular
building. For 10 points, identify this author of The Sea of Fertility tetralogy and The Temple of the Golden Pavilion.
ANSWER: Mishima Yukio [accept in either order]
6. In one of his operas, Mamud switches his favored son Melindo at birth with the son of the Sultana Rustena. Along
with Truth and Ordeal, he featured a female chorus playing Assyrian soldiers in his oratorio based on the book of
Judith, Juditha Triumphans. He showcased four sets violin concertos alternating with a pairwise arrangement of
keys in his L’Estro Armonico. His Mandolin Concerto in C Major is often paired with his most famous work, which
comes from the collection of concerti grossi, The Contest Between Harmony and Invention. For 10 points, identify
this Italian composer, who included the movements "L'inverno,” and "La Primavera," in The Four Seasons.
ANSWER: Antonio Vivaldi
7. This economist posited an early form of the Quantity Theory of Money in Tract on Monetary Reform. He
proposed that recessions can get worse in the presence of near-zero nominal interest due to liquidity traps, and that
an increase in GDP can result from initial investment through the multiplier effect. He argued against reparations in
a work critical of the Treaty of Versailles, The Economic Consequences of the Peace, and in another work for
increased government spending to combat recessions. For 10 points, name this writer of The General Theory of
Employment, Interest and Money.
ANSWER: John Maynard Keynes
8. This poem discusses a bough of cherries that is broken in an orchard by an “officious fool,” who is rewarded with
“a blush at least,” while earlier the speaker argues that strangers cannot understand “the depth and passion” of an
“earnest glance.” The speaker laments the gift of his “nine hundred year old name”, and later points out a Claus of
Innsbruck statue of a sea-horse being tamed by Poseidon. The speaker “gave commands,” which stopped “all
smiles” of the title character, who now “look[s] as if she were alive” in a Fra Pandolf portrait on the wall. For 10
points, name this poem about the Duke of Ferrara’s former wife, written by Robert Browning.
ANSWER: “My Last Duchess”
9. One song on this album notes that the Hendersons will all be at the title event, a “show tonight on trampoline.” In
the last song on this album, the singer says he’d “love to turn you on” after noting that he “read the news today, oh
boy.” Those songs are “Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite”, and “A Day in the Life”. This album opens a song that
ends by introducing Billy Shears, who sings “With a Little Help From My Friends,” and continues with songs like
“When I’m 64”, “Lovely Rita”, and “Lucy In the Sky with Diamonds.” For 10 points, name this album whose title
group “hopes you will enjoy the show,” a 1966 Beatles album with a cover featuring lots of famous people.
ANSWER: Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band
10. This man set up a new military treasury to pay veteran bonuses, and he exiled Lucius Antonius after a protracted
siege of Perusia. He led the Mutina campaign, and established the urban cohorts to check the Praetorian Guard.
This man married Scribonia in an attempt to prevent future conflict with Sextus Pompeius, and a temple in Ankara
contains his own account of his deeds, the Res Gestae. At times it was unclear whether he would be succeeded by
his nephew Marcellus or by his friend and military commander Marcus Agrippa, and he was victorious at Philippi,
defeating Brutus and Cassius and avenging his adoptive father. For 10 points, name this first Roman Emperor.
ANSWER: Augustus [or Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus; accept Gaius Octavius Thurinus]
11. In 1999, McIlroy created an adversary for this algorithm that guarantees that it will run in worst-case time. Its
worst-case runtime can be avoided by switching to heapsort after a certain recursion depth, a construction known as
introsort. Like mergesort, it is easily parallelizable, and its runtime can be decreased by first selecting the median of
the unsorted input list. It was invented by C.A.R. Hoare, and its second phase is the partition function, which splits
the original list into lists of elements that are greater or less than the chosen pivot value. For 10 points, identify this
divide-and-conquer sorting algorithm which runs in big O of n log n time, named for its speed.
ANSWER: Quicksort
12. The title character of this play asserts she wants one character to return with “vine-leaves in his hair” before
threatening to burn another woman’s hair off. One character buys a villa that once belonged to the Cabinet Member,
Secretary Falk, with his Aunt Juliana’s help, and he spends his honeymoon researching the domestic handicrafts of
Brabant. Thea Elvsted plans to reconstruct a manuscript that was burned by the title character, who is later
blackmailed by Judge Brack, who knows she loaned one of her father’s pistols to Eilert Lovberg. For 10 points, the
wife of George Tasman achieves a “beautiful death” by committing suicide in this play by Henrik Ibsen.
ANSWER: Hedda Gabler
13. A force of these people defeated Eustathios Palatinos under Drogo, while another was crushed by Ilghazi at the
Field of Blood. Another force of them, supposedly fighting for Michael Doukas, invaded Greece before being
driven out by Alexius I. One of their leaders was ransomed by Danishmend Gazi after capturing and becoming the
first king of Antioch during the first crusade. His father conquered much of southern Italy, establishing a royal line
in Sicily. In addition to Bohemond and Robert Guiscard, their leaders include a man known as “the bastard” before
his defeat of Harold Godwinson at Hastings. For 10 points, name these people led by William the Conqueror.
ANSWER: Normans [accept Italian Normans or Italo-Normans before “bastard” is read]
14. The Kirirom National Park is found in the Elephant Mountains which lie in this country’s southwest region. One
can visit the Rorka Kondal pagoda in the Kratie province, while the Baset and the Banom temples can be found in
the city of Battambang. During the monsoon season, the most notable body of water in this country vastly increases
in size due to the change in the flow of its namesake river, the Tonle Sap. Its capital sits at the confluence of the
Tonle Sap and Mekong rivers. For 10 points, identify this Southeast Asian nation bordered by Vietnam, Laos, and
Thailand, which has its capital at Phnomh Penh.
ANSWER: Kingdom of Cambodia
15. This man names an equation whose lattice method can be used to solve the Navier-Stokes equation and which is
used to find the distribution function of a fluid. The fraction of particles at a specific temperature is given as
inversely proportional to the partition function by a distribution named for this man, and with Maxwell he names a
distribution of molecular velocities in a gas. He discovered that a system’s entropy can be given by the natural
logarithm of the number of microstates times his namesake constant, equal to the gas constant over Avogadro’s
number. For 10 points, identify this physicist who names a law governing blackbody radiation with Stefan.
ANSWER: Ludwig Boltzmann
16. In Ephesus, this man enraged a mob of silversmiths by preaching against their idols of Artemis. Along with
Barnabus, this man healed a disabled man in Lystra and was mistaken for a Greek deity, while his divinity was
proven when he survived a snake bite while shipwrecked on the island of Malta. His assistants were Timothy and
Titus, and he once sent the slave Onesimus to take a dispatch to Philemon. Along with Peter, he is the focus of the
book of Acts, and he had a notable conversion experience when God revealed Jesus to him on the road to Damascus.
For 10 points, identify this saint and Apostle who ministered to the Gentiles and who wrote a number of Epistles.
ANSWER: Saint Paul the Apostle [or Saint Paul of Tarsus, prompt on Saul]
17. A Jean Louis Forain work with the same name depicts a chair behind the subject. To the left of this painting, a
woman in a white coat can be seen with orange gloves, and the subject of this painting is a woman generally
considered to be named Suzon. Two indistinct chandeliers hang from the ceiling, and a pair of green boots dangles
from the ceiling in the upper corner. A man with a moustache can be seen at the top right of this work and the
subject rests her hand on a counter where one can find a bowl of oranges and several bottles of alcohol as the subject
stares directly at the viewer. For 10 points, identify this depiction of a Parisian nightclub, a work by Eduoard Manet.
ANSWER: A Bar at the Folies-Bergere [or Un Bar aux Foiles-Bergere]
18. In the 1860s, this country started a campaign to assimilate the Aracunia region, and a civil war in this country
saw the ship Itata load up arms in California and threaten the rule of a U. S. backed President Jose Balmaceda. It
also gained the Tarapaca province by the terms of a treaty which also required a plebiscite to determine the
sovereignty of the Tacna and Arica provinces. Yet another ruler of this country came to power after he joined forces
with Jose de San Martin and defeated the Spanish at Chacabuco, Bernardo O’Higgins. For 10 points, identify this
country whose Marxist leader Salvador Allende was toppled in a coup led by Augusto Pinochet.
ANSWER: Republic of Chile
19. This figure allegedly heard the cries of Stheno and Euryale and imitated them on a reed, thus inventing the flute.
She sent a plague to strike the Locrians and sent the storm which killed Ajax the Lesser after he raped Cassandra in
her temple, while Erichthonius was born after Hephaestus attempted to rape her. This goddess gave the gift of
prophecy to Tiresias, who she had earlier blinded for seeing her naked. She turned Medusa into a Gorgon and, after
losing a weaving contest, turned Arachne into a spider. For 10 points, identify this goddess of wisdom and daughter
of Metis, born from the head of her father Zeus, who won a contest with Poseidon for control of her namesake city.
ANSWER: Pallas Athena [accept either; accept Athene, Asana, or Cydonia]
20. Paleophragmodictya are among the oldest life forms in this phylum. Cladorhizadae are a carnivorous family in
this phylum, while some of its members use the totipotent archeocytes to reproduce. Members of this phylum have
excretory structures called oscula, and their silica-based skeletal structure is secreted by sclerocytes. Apopyles are
pores which allow water to enter the atrium from the choanocyte chamber in the syconoid arrangement for them, and
they are also found in asconoid and leuconoid types. All members of this phylum possess a gelatinous tissue called
the mesohyl. For 10 points, identify this phylum of animals commonly referred to as sponges.
ANSWER: porifera [accept sponges until mentioned]
TB. This author chronicled the succession of owners of Rembrandt’s Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of Homer in
the novel Picture This. King Solomon is nicknamed “Shlomo” and derives all of his wisdom from clay tablets in his
retelling of the David story, God Knows. In one of his works, Bruce Gold becomes Secretary of State, and another
sees Bob Slocum accidentally smother his injured son. In addition to Good as Gold and Something Happened,
another of his novels is set on Pianosa and features the characters Colonel Cathcart and Milo Minderbinder. For 10
points, identify this author who wrote about Major Major Major Major and Yossarian in Catch-22.
ANSWER: Joseph Heller
Packet by Illinois B (Trygve Meade)
Bonuses
1. Mark Woolston must protect the colonial community “The Reef” from vicious invading natives in this author’s
novel The Crater. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this American writer, whose novels include Satanstoe, Precaution, The Spy, and The Pilot.
ANSWER: James Fenimore Cooper
[10] In this boring novel, Cooper boringly shows Bumppo and his Native American friend helping Alice and Cora
Munro go from one fort to another, where their father is stationed. Uncas is the title character.
ANSWER: The Last of the Mohicans
[10] Tom Hutter is killed and Henry March is captured in a misguided attempt to ambush an Indian village in this
first novel about Natty Bumppo not to be confused with The Pathfinder.
ANSWER: The Deerslayer
2. They worshipped Seth and established their capital at Avaris. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this group of Egyptian-Semetic people, whose rulers ruled as the fifteenth dynasty of Egypt.
ANSWER: Hyksos
[10] After the period in which the Hyksos ruled, the New Kingdom appeared. One notable ruler of the New
Kingdom was this woman, the daughter of Thutmose I, who ruled as a regent for her son Thutmose III.
ANSWER: Hatshepsut
[10] Later in the New Kingdom, this ruler restored Thebes and the worship of Amon, though he may be better
known as the boy-king whose tomb Howard Carter discovered in 1922.
ANSWER: Tutankhamun
3. This work features one movement titled “The Play of the Waves.” For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this set of “Three Symphonic Sketches”, which also has movements entitled “From Dawn to Noon”
and “Dialogue Between the Wind” and the title object.
ANSWER: La Mer, trois esquisses symphoniques pour orchestra (also, The Sea, Three Symphonic Sketches for
Orchestra)
[10] This tone poem begins with a flute chromatically descending to a triton, and is written in response to a
Mallarmé poem, and was later adapted into a ballet by Vladimir Nijinsky.
ANSWER: Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun [or Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune]
[10] This French Impressionist composer wrote La Mer and Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun, as well as three
great Nocturnes and the opera Pelléas et Mélisande.
ANSWER: Claude Debussy
4. Arguably, this series of events began in 718 CE at the Battle of Covadonga. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this protracted struggle to drive the Spanish Moors out of the Iberian Peninsula.
ANSWER: Reconquista [accept Reconquest]
[10] This stronghold was the last Moorish enclave in Spain, and was ruled by King Mohammed XII. It was finished
off in the early fifteenth century by Ferdinand and Isabel.
ANSWER: Granada
[10] This significant 1212 battle saw united Christian forces under Alfonso VIII of Castile join together to defeat an
Almohad force directly after the Disaster of Alarcos.
ANSWER: Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
5. This deity mummified Osiris after his demise at the hands of Set, and was thought to be the husband of Bast. For
10 points each:
[10] Identify this jackal-headed God of mummification in Egyptian mythology.
ANSWER: Anubis
[10] After death, Anubis weighed the heart of the dead against a feather in the presence of this ibis-headed god, who
served as scribe. This god is also associated with magic, writing, and knowledge.
ANSWER: Thoth
[10] That feather belonged to this goddess, the personification of truth and wife of Thoth.
ANSWER: Ma’at
6. He is moved to marry his mistress after hearing Vinteiul’s passionate sonata at Madame Verdurin’s disreputable
party. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this wealthy broker and father of Gilberte, who controversially marries the courtesan Odette de Crecy
and represents the epicurean side of society in Combray.
ANSWER: Monsieur Swann
[10] Monsieur Swann appears in one section of this work by Marcel Proust, whose title recollection is inspired by
eating a tea-soaked madeline.
ANSWER: Remembrance of Things Past [accept A la Recherche de Les Temps Perdus; or In Search of Lost
Time]
[10] Marcel Proust also wrote a collection of sketches entitled Pleasures and Days, which featured a foreword by
this author of The Crime of Sylvester Bonnard and Penguin Island.
ANSWER: Anatole France
7. These particles are not affected by the strong force, and they include tauons and muons. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify these particles, which are a kind of fermion and cannot be divided into quarks.
ANSWER: lepton
[10] Super-Kamiokande was constructed to detect these chargeless leptons, which rarely interact and travel at the
speed of light and are emitted from bodies like the sun. Contrary to longtime belief, they do actually possess mass.
ANSWER: neutrinos
[10] Grand Unified Theory predicts that quarks could decay to leptons. One effect that might make a GUT possible
is this proposed correspondence between fermions and bosons. The “breaking” of this phenomenon reconciles it
with actually observed data.
ANSWER: supersymmetry [or SUSY]
8. They took six days, and occurred in their namesake neighborhood in Los Angeles. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this series of 1965 race riots which began with the arrest of Marquette Fry.
ANSWER: The Watts Riots
[10] In Los Angeles during World War II, this set of riots occurred after increased conflict between Navy servicemen
and the native Latino population, and are named for a fashionable type of clothing.
ANSWER: The Zoot Suit Riots
[10] Later in the 60’s, this set of riots began at their namesake bar in Greenwich Village, New York City. They led to
the foundation of the Gay Liberation Front shortly after their conclusion.
ANSWER: The Stonewall Riots
9. In one of her well-known works, she posits that the title concept is organized around specific beliefs that define
appropriate behaviors. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this female anthropologist who wrote Zuni Mythology.
ANSWER: Ruth Benedict
[10] Benedict wrote this book which studied Japanese culture through indirect means directly after World War II.
ANSWER: The Chrysanthemum and the Sword
[10] Benedict also wrote this work that contrasted the Apollonian and Dionysian mindsets of the Pueblo and plains
Indians.
ANSWER: Patterns of Culture
10. In one of this man’s novels, the titular figure has been waiting for a retirement check for fifteen years, while
another novel ends with a different colonel burying a doctor. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author of No One Writes to the Colonel, as well as a novel in which Angela Vicario’s twin brothers
murder Santiago Nasar, Chronicle of a Death Foretold.
ANSWER: Gabriel García Márquez [don’t prompt on partial answer]
[10] This García Márquez novel is set in the fictional town of Macondo. It features such characters as Don Crespi
and the gypsy Melquiades, but focuses primarily on the lives of the Buendía family.
ANSWER: One Hundred Years of Solitude [accept Cien Años de Soledad]
[10] The village of Macondo first appeared in this Garcia Marquez short story, the namesake of the collection it
appeared in. In it, Isabel and her father go against the town’s wishes to bury the Doctor, who recently hung himself.
It is named after a tempest of a certain kind of object.
ANSWER: Leaf Storm [accept La Hojarasca]
11. It was discovered by Christian Rene de Duve, and it is surrounded in the cell by a membrane with a proton pump
that maintains its acidic environment. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this organelle, which is responsible for breaking down macromolecules with its array of hydrolytic
enzymes, and which originates by budding from the trans-Golgi membrane.
ANSWER: lysosome
[10] Lysosomes are related to these structures found in plants where they are primarily used for water storage. The
contractile type is found in protozoans, where it is also used to regulate water.
ANSWER: vacuole
[10] The hydrolytic enzymes utilized by the lysosome are tagged with this hexose carbohydrate, which marks them
for transport to the lysosome.
ANSWER: mannose-6-phosphate [accept M6P or man-6p]
12. Some of these malicious creatures are under the command of Bowser, the king of the Koopas, and all of them
appear in Super Mario World. For 10 points each:
[10] These enemies were originally citizens of the Mushroom Kingdom, which may explain their mushroom-like
appearance. They have thick eyebrows and fangs, and jumping on them is the easiest way to kill them.
ANSWER: Goombas [accept Kuribo]
[10] If Mario is facing these creatures directly, they cover their face and won’t move. They can phase through walls,
and can’t be hurt by being jumped on. They were also the primary antagonists of Luigi’s Mansion.
ANSWER: Boos [accept Boo Diddly or Teresa]
[10] These animated Koopa skeletons are capable of throwing their own femurs and sometimes skulls at you. If you
jump on them, they crumble but swiftly reanimate.
ANSWER: Dry Bones [accept Karon]
13. The first stanza of this poem asserts that the eye of the title creature was the “only moving thing” “among twenty
snowing mountains.” For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this poem, in which the speaker asks the “thin men of Haddam” why they do not see how the title avian
beast “walks around the feet / of the women about you.”
ANSWER: “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird”
[10] “Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird” was written by this American poet, who also wrote “Anecdote of a
Jar” and “The Emperor of Ice Cream.”
ANSWER: Wallace Stevens
[10] The speaker asks Ramon Fernandez why “the glassy lights . . . Mastered the night and portioned out the sea” in
this Stevens poem that begins by stating “she sang beyond the genius of the sea.”
ANSWER: “The Idea of Order at Key West”
14. Identify these paintings executed by fifteenth century Italians. For 10 points each:
[10] This large Raphael canvas shows Plato and Aristotle in discussion, Diogenes of Cinope sitting on the ground,
and perhaps the artist himself on the right side looking angry.
ANSWER: School of Athens [or Scuola d’Atena]
[10] In this Botticelli painting, the wind flows white flowers onto the naked central figure, who is standing on a
seashell and being offered a pink robe by another woman.
ANSWER: Birth of Venus
[10] This Leonardo portrait of Cecilia Gallerani holding the titular animal probably refers to the symbol of Ludovico
Il Moro.
ANSWER: Lady with an Ermine [or La belle Ferroniere]
15. Identify these spiritual practices originating in Asia, for 10 points each.
[10] This practice refers to speaking or chanting one or more words or syllables from Sanskrit as a method of
improving concentration, as well as the words or syllables themselves. They often begin with the syllable “Aum.”
ANSWER: Mantras
[10] Branches of this discipline include Hatha, Raja, Bhakti, and Karma, and its various bodily poses, known as
asanas, are used in the West as a form of exercise.
ANSWER: Yoga
[10] This term refers to gestures of the hands or the whole body in Hinduism and Buddhism. Exciting varieties
include the Karana, which can expel demons, and the Abhaya, which dispels fear.
ANSWER: Mudras
16. Name these George Bernard Shaw plays, for 10 points each.
[10] Henry Higgins teaches Eliza how to speak properly in this play that was the basis for the musical My Fair Lady.
ANSWER: Pygmalion
[10] At the end of this play Boss Mangan and Billy Dunn are killed in a aerial bombardment when they unwittingly
take shelter in a gravel pit used to store dynamite, while the plot is set into motion when Ellie Dunn is invited by
Mrs. Hushabye to attend a party at the title location.
ANSWER: Heartbreak House
[10] The title character of this play works for the Salvation Army and must accept an unwanted donation from her
father, the munitions manufacturer, Andrew Undershaft.
ANSWER: Major Barbara
17. It states that the world is everything that is the case, and that of what one cannot speak, one must pass over in
silence. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this book of philosophy divided into seven propositions, which discusses atomic facts and outlines the
picture theory of language.
ANSWER: Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
[10] This author of On Certainty and The Blue and Brown Books wrote Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
ANSWER: Ludwig Josef Johann Wittgenstein
[10] This other book by Ludwig Wittgenstein asserts that the root of all philosophical problems derive from
confusion about their language.
ANSWER: Philosophical Investigations
18. Identify some commonly used lab equipment, for 10 points each.
[10] The Buchner variety of these is a giant form of the Hirsch one. Both are used during vacuum filtration, wherein
they are lined with filter paper.
ANSWER: funnels
[10] Vacuum filtration is done by sucking air out of one of these objects, which has a side-arm and is named for
Buchner. Another type of these has a vacuum on its outside and is named for Dewar, while another is named for
Erlenmeyer.
ANSWER: flasks
[10] Speaking of sucking things, the Pasteur variety of these objects are used to transfer small amounts of liquids but
do not include graduations. The Mohr variety, on the other hand, does have graduations.
ANSWER: pipettes
19. Henry IV, V, and VI were all members of this house, which originated when Edmund “Crouchback” was granted
earldom. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this British family, a co-fighter in the Wars of the Roses.
ANSWER: House of Lancaster
[10] The House of Lancaster was pitted against this royal house in the Wars of the Roses. Their symbol was the
white rose.
ANSWER: House of York
[10] The House of York was backed by this man, known as the Kingmaker, who installed Richard of York into the
throne in 1453 while Henry VI was temporarily insane.
ANSWER: Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick [accept either]
20. He wrote an operatic version of Abbé Prévost’s Manon Lescault, as well as the operas La Rondine and Edgar.
For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this Italian composer, who created Madame Butterfly.
ANSWER: Giacomo Puccini
[10] The titular Chinese princess of this opera featuring the aria “Nessun Dorma,” which was left unfinished at
Puccini’s death, must learn the name of Prince Calaf by dawn or be forced to marry him.
ANSWER: Turandot
[10] This opera begins at the Polka Saloon, where the title character, Minnie, falls in love with the bandit Ramirez,
who disguised himself under the alias Dick Johnson.
ANSWER: Girl of the Golden West [or La Fanciulla del West]
21. A personified Moon tells the trees that it wants to punish mankind for shutting out its lunar light by closing their
windows. For 10 points each:
[10] Leonardo Felix and the Groom kill each other in the forest after the title event of this play.
ANSWER: Blood Wedding [or Bodas de Sangre; accept Blood Weddings]
[10] This author of “The Song of the Horseman” and The Lament for the Death of a Bull Fighter wrote Blood
Wedding.
ANSWER: Federico Garcia Lorca
[10] Garcia Lorca is a major figure from the national literature of this country, whose great poets include Quevedo,
Gongora, and Juan Ramon Jimenez.
ANSWER: Spain [or Espana]
Packet by Missouri S&T, and Dartmouth B (Robert Cousins, Luofei Deng, Alan Hess, Ashley Walker)
Tossups
1. One character in this opera performs the “Csardas” to verify her disguise as a Hungarian countess before stealing
her husband’s watch to prove his infidelity, and earlier she convinces Alfred to pretend to be her husband and serve
his eight-day sentence in jail. In the “laughing” song, “Mein Herr Marquis, ein Mann wie Sie,” a maid convinces her
master that she is actually an actress. While pretending to be Chevalier Chagrin, the jailer, Frank convinces Adele to
come home with him where they find Rosalinde arguing with her husband. Falke leads the guests of Prince
Orlofsky’s ball to witness Baron Eisenstein’s reconciliation, in, for 10 points, this operetta by Johann Strauss.
ANSWER: Die Fledermaus [or The Bat]
2. Late in his life this figure traveled to Sardinia with either Aristaeus or Iolaus after a stay in Sicily, where he
helped King Cocalus and his daughters murder a visiting king. The father of the healer Iapyx, this figure fled Athens
after the Areopagus condemned him to death for the murder of his nephew Perdix. He once used honey and an ant to
thread a seashell, and he gave Pasiphae the wooden cow she used to mate with a bull, after which he built a structure
to house their child. While imprisoned at the top of a tower, this man escaped with his son after building a pair of
wings. For 10 points, identify this Greek inventor, the builder of the Minotaur’s Labyrinth and the father of Icarus.
ANSWER: Daedalus [accept Daidalos; or Taitle]
3. In this work, the Island of Ennasins is inhabited by a race with noses shaped like the Ace of Clubs, and earlier a
dispute in which the bakers of Lerne refuse to sell cakes to shepherds prompts an invasion by King Picrochole. One
character is confused by the contradictory advice he receives from Raminagrobis, Herr Tripa, and Friar John and
leads a quest to consult the Oracle of the Holy Bottle. That character Panurge first meets one of the title characters
after his father sends him to study in Paris because he requires four thousand six hundred cows to feed him and must
be restrained by four massive chains. For 10 points, name this work about a pair of giants by Francois Rabelais.
ANSWER: The Life of Gargantua and Pantagruel
4. The voice of Frank Johnson can be heard in one recording of this event that was reported on live by Tom Pettit,
and the central figure is flanked by L.C. Graves and James Leavelle in Jack Beers’ photo of it. The narration of
George Phenix's film of it helped propel the career of Dan Rather, and Bob Jackson’s photo of it won the Pullitzer.
The victim had met with Thomas Kelley and been interrogated by Will Fritz, and was being transported when he
encountered a nightclub owner in the basement of a Dallas jail. For 10 points, name this event that occurred
November 24, 1963 and was perpetrated by Jack Ruby, resulting in the death of JFK’s assassin.
ANSWER: the murder of Lee Harvey Oswald [accept equivalents]
5. Experiments by Francisco-Miguel Marqués et al. suggested the possibility of a stable cluster of four of them.
Brockhouse developed a method of spectroscopy using these particles, and work leading to their discovery showed
that beryllium rays could remove particles from paraffin wax and was performed by the Joliot-Curies. An
antineutrino is released when these undergo a certain type of decay, and free ones have a lifetime of approximately
fifteen minutes. They undergo beta-minus decay, and are created by electron capture. Discovered in 1932 by James
Chadwick, for 10 points, name this electrically neutral subatomic particle, found in the nucleus with protons.
ANSWER: neutrons
6. He resigned from his first term after a scandal involving the defense minister Lavon, and his policies resulted in
the Haganah becoming an important pseudo-military organization. Late in his career, he founded the Rafi Party and
the massive immigration of people from Yemen, which was known as "Operation Magic Carpet." He was the first
head of the Mapai party, and was also the first and third person to hold his most notable office, being succeeded first
by Moshe Sharett and later by Levi Eshkol. For 10 points, name this first Prime Minister of Israel.
ANSWER: David Ben-Gurion
7. He claims it is impossible for an omnipotent, loving God to be in control of the world, but possible for a weaker
God to exist in his Three Essays on Religion. One of his works lays out five principles of inductive reasoning, while
another argues that freedom is good for women if it is good for men. In addition to System of Logic, he wrote a work
that uses dolors and hedons to calculate the “Greatest Happiness Principle” and claims that “actions are right in
proportion as they tend to promote happiness.” The author of The Subjection of Women, for 10 points, name this
man, who outlined a philosophy practiced by Jeremy Bentham in his book Utilitarianism.
ANSWER: John Stuart Mill
8. With the exception of the smallest of their kind, all known examples of these can be expressed as the sum of
cubes of consecutive odd numbers. Euler proved that there is a one-to-one correspondence between Mersenne
primes and even types of this number, and they form a subset of the triangular numbers. Numbers which do not fit
this category are classified as deficient or abundant, and these numbers all yield 2n when they form the argument of
the divisor function. It is unknown whether any odd ones exist. 6, 28, and 496 are the first three examples of, for 10
points, what type of number that equals the sum of its proper divisors?
ANSWER: perfect number
9. Chapter 41 of this novel features a game where players re-arrange alphabet blocks to form words, and one
character spells out the words “Blunder” and “Dixon” referring to another character’s shady past. That character
receives an anonymous gift of a piano, which leads to gossip in Highbury. A woman is saved from a band of vicious
gypsies after the ball at the Crown Inn by Frank Churchill, who later marries Jane Fairfax. The title character tries to
convince a nearby boarder to pursue Mr. Elton, but Robert Martin ends up marrying that character, Harriet Smith.
For 10 points, name this novel in which Mr. Knightley marries the titular Miss Woodhouse, by Jane Austen.
ANSWER: Emma
10. This person adapted the passacaglia from Bach’s Nach dir, Herr, verlanget mich for a theme that appears in the
notable chaconne of the last movement of his Fourth Symphony in E minor, while he created twenty-one pieces for
piano-four–hands based on folk songs in his Hungarian Dances, and featured two sharp chords to begin his Tragic
Overture. His first symphony is often referred to as “Beethoven’s Tenth,” while another of his works quotes the
hymn “Gaudeamus Igitur” and was written to commemorate an honorary degree from the University of Breslau.
For 10 points, name this composer of Academic Festival Overture and a namesake lullaby.
ANSWER: Johannes Brahms
11. When Jesus planned to return to Judea to visit Lazarus, this man persuaded the other apostles to go on the trip.
This patron saint of architects has a feast day on July 3 which celebrates the transference of his body to Edessa in
Mesopotamia. He was assured that Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life during the Last Supper, and late in his
life he became the first Catholicos of the East while preaching in India. However, he earned his most famous
nickname when he wanted to touch Christ’s wounds for confirmation of his resurrection, after which he exclaimed,
“My Lord and My God.” For 10 points, name this apostle, best known for doubting the resurrection of Jesus.
ANSWER: Thomas the Apostle [accept Doubting Thomas, Didymus Thomas, or Judas Thomas]
12. This man headed the Independent Commission on International Development Issues, which released the North-
South report often named for him. He flew to Iraq to arrange the release of western hostages in 1990, and he had to
resign his most famous post when his aid Gunther Guillaume was revealed to be a spy. He recognized the Oder-
Neisse Line in a nonaggression treaty with Poland. The longtime leader of the Social Democrats, this man served as
mayor of West Berlin and was known for his policy of Ostpolitik. For 10 points, name this winner of the 1971 Nobel
Peace Prize, the Chancellor of West Germany from 1969 to 1974.
ANSWER: Willy Brandt [or Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm]
13. A man dressed in green leans forward while clenching his fists and the tower of a cathedral can be seen towards
the left background. A companion piece to this painting depicts a man dressed in brown attempting to stab an Arab
soldier on horseback, and is subtitled The Charge of the Mamelukes. The men at right all wear black hats, unlike the
most prominent figure who kneels against a foreboding pile of blood. Set against the background of Principe Pio
hill, a man in a white shirt raises his arms in surrender as a firing squad points at him. For 10 points, name this
painting depicting “The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid” on the namesake day, painted by Francisco Goya.
ANSWER: The Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid
14. The Presa de la Boguilla is a lake that lies along the Conchos river which lies entirely in this state. Cities in it
include Santa Rosalia de Carmago and Delicias and this state is home to the Cumbres de Majalca National Park and
the Copper canyon. This state’s capital includes attractions like the Gameros estate and the Church of San Francisco
which houses the remains of Miguel Hidalgo. It is bounded by Durango to the South, Coahuila to the East, and
Sonora to the East, and it contains Ciudad Juarez. For 10 points, name this largest Mexican state which shares its
name with a breed of small dogs.
ANSWER: Chihuahua
15. This compound reacts with sodium chloride to create an industrial reagent in the Mannheim process, and it is
used to produce a nitronium ion by protonating nitric acid, which catalyzes the addition of nitro groups to aromatic
compounds. Usually used to work up intermediates in the Nef reaction, a common lab demonstration relies on its
ability to dehydrate sucrose into pure carbon. This compound and its generating gas is called oleum when found in
solution, and it is produced in a process whose central oxidation step is catalyzed by a Vanadium oxide catalyst in
the contact process. For 10 points, identify this diprotic acid with formula H2SO4
ANSWER: sulfuric acid [or sulphuric acid; prompt on oil of vitriol]
16. A spider bite incurred on his honeymoon once prevented him from trying out for Chicago, and in his
autobiography All Things Possible, he described walking through the red light district of Amsterdam on his way to
church while playing in NFL Europe. He went undrafted and was released by the Packers in 1994, after which this
Northern Iowa graduate led the Iowa Barnstormers to two second-place finishes. He earned his first NFL starting job
after an injury to Trent Green and led the “Greatest Show on Turf.” He now has such targets as Larry Fitzgerald and
Anquan Boldin. For 10 points, name this QB who won the MVP with the Rams, currently for the Arizona Cardinals.
ANSWER: Kurtis Eugene “Kurt” Warner
17. This thinker was unflatteringly labeled “the American Heidegger” in a Steve Fuller work. His essay
“Objectivity, Value Judgment, and Theory Choice” is included in a work which divides its contents into
“historiographic” and “metahistorical” sections, while his most famous work rejects Karl Popper’s theory of
falsifiability, presents the incommensurability thesis, and argues that the titular events are caused by paradigm shifts
and include the move from a geocentric to a heliocentric model of the solar system. For 10 points, name this author
of The Essential Tension and The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
ANSWER: Thomas Kuhn
18. One ruler of this nation as well as Hungary had his head cut off as the result of an ill-conceived cavalry charge
against the Janissary forces of Murad II at the Battle of Varna, while another ruler of it defeated Ulrich von
Jungingen with the help of Vytautus the Great, stomping the Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. The Union of Lublin
was signed at the instigation of another of its rulers, Sigismund II, as formal recognition of its union with Lithuania.
Kara Mustafa’s attempts to take Vienna were thwarted by another ruler of this nation, Jan III Sobieski. For 10
points, name this nation which was ruled by the Jagiellon dynasty and got partitioned a lot.
ANSWER: Poland [accept Poland-Lithuania]
19. He asserts “deep waves, what dreadful tales you could recite” in his poem “Oceano Nox,” found in the collection
Sunlight and Shadows. The “Comprachicos” deform Gwynplaine’s face, giving him a permanent smirk in The Man
Who Laughs, and he wrote about the bandit who serves Ruy Gomez in Hernani. Deruchette will marry anyone who
saves the Durande from a dangerous reef in a novel about the fisherman Gilliatt. In addition to The Toilers of the
Sea, one of his protagonists is imprisoned for stealing a loaf of bread, takes care of Cosette, and is tracked by
Inspector Javert. For 10 points, name this man who created Jean Valjean in Les Miserables.
ANSWER: Victor Hugo
20. Leber optic neuropathy was the first disease to be associated with this organelle, while Kearns Sayre syndrome
is caused by defects in these which leads to Ophthalmoparesis and ptosis. The Tom and Tim proteins are involved
with translocation of proteins across their membranes. Cytochrome C is also found within these structures, and is
released into the cell to trigger apoptosis. These organelles have two membrane systems with the inner one
possessing folds called cristae, and they possess their own genome which is used to analyze matrilineal ancestry. For
10 points, name this organelle, often referred to as the “power source” of the cell.
ANSWER: mitochondrion [or mitochondria]
TB. In chapter fifteen of this novel, the waitress Mae sells a begging man and his two sons a loaf of bread and two
pieces of candy for a discount price. One character sees her suitor Herb beaten to death by a shovel by her future
husband Connie Rivers, and later she gives birth to a stillborn child in a flooded boxcar, while another character is a
former preacher, who is killed for leading a labor strike. Both Jim Casy and Rose of Sharon join Grandma, who dies
during the trek across the Mojave desert, and Ruthie, Al, and Tom in the flight from Oklahoma. 10 points, name this
novel about the Joad family, written by John Steinbeck.
ANSWER: The Grapes of Wrath
Packet by Missouri S&T, and Dartmouth B (Robert Cousins, Luofei Deng, Alan Hess, Ashley Walker)
Bonuses
1. They are named for a chemist from Ohio State. For 10 points each:
[10] Name these visual representations which describe “staggered” or “eclipsed” forms of linear alkanes. One
visualizes down a carbon-carbon bond when using these representations.
ANSWER: Newman projections
[10] The simplest alkane which can be visualized using a Newman projection is this compound with formula C2H6.
ANSWER: ethane
[10] The staggered projection for butane across the C2-C3 bond can have a “gauche” one of these, or an “anti” one
of these. Cyclohexane comes in “boat” and “chair” varieties.
ANSWER: conformations [accept conformational isomerism; or confomers]
2. This artist captured some of the wise sayings of his day in Netherlandish Proverbs. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Flemish artist who depicted a whole bunch of people having fun in Children’s Games, and whose
Landscape With the Fall of Icarus inspired Auden’s “Musee des Beaux arts.”
ANSWER: Pieter Breughel the Elder
[10] The title figures of this Brueghel work can be found at the bottom right, along with a pack of dogs, as they
overlook a village with several people skating on ice.
ANSWER: Hunters in the Snow
[10] Brueghel painted two versions of this work, whose title structure has a flawed design. It takes on a spiral shape
as its arches are not perpendicular to the ground, and it indicates the imperfection of human ideas.
ANSWER: Tower of Babel
3. Name these things associated with Odin, for 10 points each.

[10] Odin will use this spear, built by Dvalin and the sons of Ivaldi, to fight Fenrir at Ragnarok.
ANSWER: Gungnir
[10] Some stories claim that they were taught to Jarl by Rig, but it is more commonly held that Odin learned the
secrets of these glyphs after hanging himself on Yggdrasil and piercing his own side with Gungnir.
ANSWER: the runes [accept the runic alphabet]
[10] Odin also had a pair of this type of bird, who spent each day flying over Midgard gathering news, and whose
names Hugin and Munin meant “thought” and “memory.”
ANSWER: ravens [don’t accept “crows” because that’s not what they are]
4. Identify the following examples of classic Chinese literature, for 10 points each.
[10] Notable events in this Luo Guanzhong novel include the Peach Garden Oath between Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and
Zhang Fei, as well as the defeat of Cao Cao of Wei at the Battle of the Red Cliffs.
ANSWER: Romance of the Three Kingdoms [accept San Guo Yan Yi]
[10] This Cao Xueqin [schway-cheen] novel centers on the two branches of the Jia family and the love triangle
between the main character, Jia Baoyu, and his two cousins, Lin Daiyu and Xue [schway] Baochai.
ANSWER: Dream of the Red Chamber [accept Honglou Meng, The Red Chamber Dream, A Dream of Red
Mansions, or The Story of the Stone]
[10] This erotic novel features a number of episodes and characters taken from The Water Margin, including the
adulterous wife Pan Jinlian. The main character, Ximen Qing, [shee-mehn ching] has affairs with six different
women.
ANSWER: Jin Ping Mei [accept The Plum in the Golden Vase or The Golden Lotus]
5. On September 19, 2008, this man and Adam Goldstein survived a South Carolina plane crash. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Transplants and +44 (plus forty-four) drummer and former star of an MTV reality show in which the
viewer was asked to “Meet” him and his now-ex-wife Shanna Moakler.
ANSWER: Travis Barker
[10] Barker replaced Scott Raynor as the drummer of this pop-punk band fronted by Mark Hoppus and Tom
DeLonge, whose album Enema of the State featured the songs “Adam’s Song” and “What’s My Age Again?”.
ANSWER: blink-182
[10] blink-182’s first number one hit was this second single from Enema of the State. It opens with the title line,
followed by “True cares, truth brings,” and in the chorus, DeLonge asks the listener to “Say it ain’t so/I will not go.”
ANSWER: “All The Small Things”
6. An act regarding this material was repealed following the Panic of 1893 to avoid further bankrupting the
government. For 10 points each:
[10] The 1890 Sherman Act was designed to boost the economy by setting a quota of this namesake metal to be
bought by the government every month.
ANSWER: silver [accept Sherman Silver Purchase]
[10] The Sherman Silver Purchase Act extended the required purchase amount provided for by this doubly
eponymous act passed in the wake of the Comstock Load discovery.
ANSWER: Bland-Allison Act
[10] Also contributing to the Panic of 1893 was this protectionist tariff named for an Ohio congressman. It set rates
at 48.4%, the highest to that point.
ANSWER: McKinley Tariff
7. Simeon and Peter leave home to pursue their careers in California. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this play in which Ephraim Cabot marries the young Abbie Putnam, who goes on to have a child in an
adulterous relationship with Ephraim’s son Eben.
ANSWER: Desire Under the Elms
[10] This playwright penned Desire Under the Elms, and also penned Strange Interlude and Ah! Wilderness.
ANSWER: Eugene Gladstone O’Neill
[10] This other O’Neill play centers on the denizens of Harry Hope’s bar, as they learn that their “pipe dreams” will
never come true. Characters include Larry Slade and “Hickey” Hickman.
ANSWER: The Iceman Cometh
8. Its Passion Façade was designed by Josep Subirachs. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this still-unfinished Catholic temple in Spain, which has been under construction since 1882.
ANSWER: Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Familia [accept Expiatory Temple of the Holy Family or Sacred
Family]
[10] In addition to la Sagrada Familia, this Catalan architect designed such awesome houses as the Casa Batllo [bat-
yo], known locally as the “house of bones,” and the Casa Mila.
ANSWER: Antonio Placid Guillem Gaudi y Cornet
[10] A mosaic dragon fountain is featured at the entrance to the Gaudi-designed “Park” on el Carmel Hill in
Barcelona named for this Catalan industrialist, also the namesake of a “Palau” and a “Church of Colonia.”
ANSWER: Count Eusebi Guell [or Eusebio de Guell; accept Park Guell]
9. It joins the Columbia river near St. Helens, Oregon. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this river which then flows by Portland and Salem, whose fertile valley was amenable to people
emigrating on the Oregon Trail.
ANSWER: Willamette river
[10] The Willamette originates at this city, the home of the University of Oregon, which lists its Deadwood Bridge
as a notable attraction.
ANSWER: Eugene, Oregon
[10] Also in Oregon is this city, which is the home to Oregon State and is in the middle of the Willamette Valley. It
is important in David Brin’s The Postman and shares its name with a character from the underrated PS2 title Motor
Mayhem.
ANSWER: Corvallis, Oregon
10. It became independent in October 1962, and its first president was Mutesa II. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this African nation whose first prime minister was Milton Obote.
ANSWER: Republic of Uganda
[10] Obote's government was overthrown by this man, who was deposed in 1979 with the help of Tanzanian troops.
He is best remembered for expelling a bunch of Asians out of Uganda which was a bad idea.
ANSWER: Idi Amin Dada
[10] After Amin's deposition, Obote regained power but was overthrown by Tito Okello's military council, who was
replaced by this man six months later. This leader of the National Resistance Army is still president of Uganda.
ANSWER: Yoweri Musaveni
11. Controversial when it was first postulated, it states that the laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference
frames. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this theory postulated in 1905 in the paper "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies."
ANSWER: special relativity
[10] This man wrote that paper, and he also postulated general relativity and explained the photoelectric effect.
ANSWER: Albert Einstein
[10] This consequence of special relativity states that two observers traveling at different speeds will see different
amounts of time elapse, leading to the twin paradox.
ANSWER: time dilation
12. One character drowns in a fountain, and another is lured into prostitution by Madame Pace. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this play in which “the Manager” desperately tries to get the Father, Mother, Son, Stepdaughter, Boy and
Child to rehearse a play.
ANSWER: Six Characters in Search of an Author [accept Sei Personaggi in Cerca d'Autore]
[10] This Italian author of The Late Mattia Pascal wrote Six Characters in Search of an Author.
ANSWER: Luigi Pirandello
[10] After threatening Frida, Belcredi is stabbed by the title character, who thinks he is the titular Holy Roman
Emperor after falling off a horse in this Pirandello work.
ANSWER: Henry IV [accept Enrico IV]
13. The “arch” named for this structure can be found between its ascending and descending portions. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this largest artery which receives blood from the left ventricle of the heart.
ANSWER: aorta
[10] These arteries run up the neck and supply blood to the head. The left common one branches from the aorta, and
the right common one arises from the right subclavian.
ANSWER: carotid arteries
[10] This disorder sees weaknesses in the connective tissue, which results in weak walls of blood vessels such as the
aorta. Some say Abe Lincoln may have suffered from it, citing his disproportionate body features.
ANSWER: Marfan’s syndrome
14. The MacDonald clan was wiped out in the Glencoe Massacre because they were too slow to swear fealty to this
king. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this man who came to power with his wife Mary II in the Glorious Revolution.
ANSWER: William III of Orange [accept William II of Scotland]
[10] Following the Glorious Revolution, William decisively defeated his predecessor, James II, at this battle in
Ireland, fought at a namesake river.
ANSWER: Battle of the Boyne
[10] The Jacobite attempt to reclaim the English crown was effectively ended at this 1746 battle, where Bonnie
Prince Charlie’s forces were crushed by George II’s army under Cumberland.
ANSWER: Battle of Culloden Moor [accept Battle of Drummossie]
15. For 10 points each: name these fictional locations from British literature.
[10] Faithful and Christian are both imprisoned in this location from John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, which also
names a William Makepeace Thackeray novel about Becky Sharp.
ANSWER: Vanity Fair
[10] The Woodlanders and Jude the Obscure are both set in this fictional county created by Thomas Hardy.
ANSWER: Wessex County
[10] John Bold leads a campaign to reform the funding of Hiram’s Hospital led by Septimus Harding in The
Warden, which is the first of a series of Anthony Trollope novels about this county.
ANSWER: Barsetshire
16. This concept’s creator distinguished it from the “personal” variety by claiming that it is not a personal
acquisition. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this psychological concept of a section of the mind that contains primordial ideas and archetypes that is
shared by all humans.
ANSWER: collective unconscious
[10] This Swiss psychologist coined the term “collective unconscious” as well as anima and animus, and he wrote
about Psychological Types.
ANSWER: Carl Jung
[10] Another term coined by Jung is this one that he claimed explains “meaningful coincidences.” He claimed that
there is an “acausal connecting principle” where no casual connecting principle can be demonstrated between two
related events.
ANSWER: synchronicity
17. Graffias and Dschubba are found at the head of this constellation. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this constellation whose “stinger” includes Shaulah and Lessath and is home to Antares.
ANSWER: Scorpio [or Scorpius]
[10] Along with Procyon and Betelgeuse this star forms a point of the Winter Triangle. This star in Canis Major is
the brightest in the night sky.
ANSWER: Sirius [prompt on “the Dog star”]
[10] This alpha star of Bootes, is the third brightest star in the night sky after Sirius and Canopus. Its name means
the “guardian of the bears.”
ANSWER: Arcturus
18. The twelfth in C-Sharp Minor is name for Joseph Joachim. For 10 points,
[10] Name this set of 19 piano works, which includes sections called “Rakoczy March” and “The Magyar.”
ANSWER: the Hungarian Rhapsodies
[10] This man composed The Hungarian Rhapsodies.
ANSWER: Franz Lizst
[10] The Bagatelle without Tonality is sometimes grouped with this set of four works, which was based on an
episode from a work of Nikolaus Lenau and not a work by Goethe.
ANSWER: the Mephisto Waltzes
19. Called by Paul III, it was convened by Giovanni del Monte, and its work was ratified by the papal bull
Benedictum Deum. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this nineteenth Ecumenical Council that declared the Vulgate to be canon and set the number of
sacraments at seven, called to counteract the Protestant Reformation.
ANSWER: the Council of Trent
[10] This other council, which preceded the Council of Trent, was convoked by Julius II. It required bishops to give
permission for books to be printed and condemned the French Pragmatic Sanction.
ANSWER: the Fifth Council of the Lateran [accept Lateran V]
[10] The Council of Trent declared that anyone who denied this doctrine would be subject to anathema. It states that
the “body, blood, soul, and divinity” of Jesus are contained within the Eucharist.
ANSWER: transusbstantiation
20. His Seisachtheia ended the creation of hektemoroi, farmers sold into slavery to pay off their debts. For 10 points
each:
[10] Name this early sixth-century B.C.E. reformer of Athens, who unsuccessfully tried to prevent the rise of the
tyrant Peisistratus.
ANSWER: Solon
[10] One of Solon’s major reforms was the loosening of the severity of this man’s law code. He is the namesake of
an English-language adjective that describes harsh laws.
ANSWER: Draco
[10] Solon is generally believed to have created this legislative assembly as a counter to the aristocratic Areopagus.
Its namesake size was later increased by Cleisthenes.
ANSWER: Council of Four Hundred [prompt on Boule]
21. This man succeeded Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej as leader of his nation’s communist party, and his harsh regime
caused the defection of Ion Mihai Pacepa. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this dictator who was executed along with his wife Elena during a 1989 revolution.
ANSWER: Nicolae Ceausescu
[10] Ceausescu was the dictator of this nation, whose Ploetsi oil fields were tantalizing targets for the Nazis during
World War II.
ANSWER: Romania
[10] In the years leading up to World War II, Romania was controlled by this fascist political party until it was
destroyed by former ally Ion Antonescu.
ANSWER: the Iron Guard
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Tossups
1. Sivash, a series of bays off the coast of this region, is a producer of brines, and the Tonka of Arabat is a sandspit
off this region's coast. Its namesake mountains are home to the highest point here on Mount Roman-Kosh. Cities on
its coast include Eupatoria and Theodosia, and it was inhabited by Tatars with their capital at Bakhchisaray, which
led to it being a part of the Tatar A.S.S.R. Its current headquarters are at Simferopol, and a city here is Kerch, which
gives its name to the straight connecting the Black Sea to the Sea of Azov. For 10 points, name this peninsula in the
Ukraine that was home to a war that pitted the Russians against the British and French.
ANSWER: Crimean peninsula [or Krymsky Poluostrov; or Crimea]
2. A similar reaction to it sees the addition of an R group at the alpha carbon of an ester and is named for Horner and
this reaction’s namesake. One variation of this reaction uses a proton donor to reduce a carbon-lithium bond formed
due to excess lithium to selectively yielding of the E type of product, and is called the Schlosser modification. It sees
the formation of the zwitterionic betaines which undergo an oxaphosphetane intermediate, and phosphine oxide is a
by-product of this reaction which usually yields Z alkenes. For 10 points, name this reaction that uses an aldehyde or
ketone and a phosphorus ylide to produce alkenes and is named after a German chemist.
ANSWER: Wittig reaction
3. He wrote about One Blossom’s romance with the Russian immigrant Yozip Bloom, who inadvertently becomes
chief of the titular Indian tribe in The People, and in another work Lily Hirschorn is misled by the marriage broker
Pinye, who determines his matches by picking cards from the title object and is later dismayed when Leo Finkle
wants to meet his daughter Stella. Along with The Magic Barrel, he wrote about Frank Alpine, who takes over
Morris Bober's failing grocery shop, and in another novel Harriet Bird shoots the title character after he strikes out
“The Whammer.” For 10 points, name this author of The Assistant, who wrote about Roy Hobbs in The Natural.
ANSWER: Bernard Malamud
4. In one of his works, a bow, quiver, and sword hang above the white robed title figure while five figures look on as
Jesus performs the titular Raising of Lazarus. He painted his wife as the model of a woman who drank her husband
Masolus of Carnia's ashes, Artemisia, and he painted a man with his right hand placed on the title figure’s breast in
The Jewish Bride. He also painted the author of Metaphysics with his hand on the head of a statue as well as the
marching company of Franz Banning Cocq. For 10 points, name this artist of Aristotle Contemplating the Bust of
Homer and The Nightwatch who also painted a dissection in The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp.
ANSWER: Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn [accept either underlined answer]
5. This nation was at one point dominated by 12 Aymara tribes, and cities founded under colonial rule here include
Cochabamba, and Chiquisaca. One president of this country established an alliance with Luis Obregoso but was
defeated at the battle of Yungay, Andres de Santa Cruz. This country's important mines included one at Potosi, and
they were unable to use the nitrates on the Pacific Coast that they lost in the war of the Pacific. For 10 points, name
this country once ruled by Antonio Jose de Sucre, and whose namesake notably won the battles of Boyaca before
establishing Gran Colombia.
ANSWER: Republic of Bolivia or [Republica de Bolivia]
6. At one point in this film, a main character learns that his love interest is a fan of the movie Sixteen Candles, while
another character’s pubes are later complimented by Jamie Kennedy's character. While sneaking through air ducts at
Princeton, this film’s protagonists overhear a contest of “battleshits,” after which they drop their marijuana in a
toilet. At the end of this movie, the man who stole the protagonists’ car while on Ecstasy gives them $200 to
purchase sliders, and in its sequel, the main characters escape Guantanamo. For 10 points, name this movie in which
the titular duo encounters Neil Patrick Harris while searching for the perfect meal, starring John Cho and Kal Penn.
ANSWER: Harold and Kumar Go To White Castle
7. Rulings in this man’s court included Justice Story's finding that the court can fulfill the Constitution's supremacy
clause by overriding a state court in a case involving Virginia voiding an inheritance, Martin v. Hunter's Lessee. He
ruled that Congress has the right to regulate interstate commerce, and found that New Hampshire could not interfere
with George III’s charter because it was a private contract. In addition to Gibbons v. Ogden and Dartmouth v.
Woodward, he ruled that a president had the right to not deliver his predecessor’s court appointments, establishing
judicial review. For 10 points, name this chief justice during Marbury v. Madison.
ANSWER: John Marshall
8. This man names the special case of the Archimedean spiral when n is set to two. Gauss showed that any number
which can be expressed as a power of two times the product of numbers named for this man can be the number of
sides in a constructible polygon. He is also the namesake of the statement that a to the p is equal to a modulo p if p is
prime, and he proposed that light waves travel through the principle of least time. His most famous idea was proven
by Andrew Wiles. For 10 points, name this namesake of a type of primes and a theorem that states that x^n plus y^n
equals z^n has no solution for n greater than 2, his “last theorem.”
ANSWER: Pierre de Fermat
9. Oscar Wilde wrote a poem that begins, “the corn has turned from gray to red / Since first my spirit wandered
forth” about this city “Unvisited,” and Christina Light has her bust made by the sculptor Roderick Hudson in this
city. Hilda witnesses Miriam Schaefer inducing her lover Donatello to murder a monk by throwing him off the
Tarpeian Rock in one novel set here, The Marble Faun, while the title character of another book is snubbed at a
party hosted by Mrs. Walker in this city because she spurned Winterbourne to carry on a scandalous affair with
Giovanelli. For 10 points, name this city, in which Daisy Miller contracts malaria during a tour of the Coliseum.
ANSWER: Rome [or Roma]
10. This figure once fended off an attack by the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus, after which she was insulted by
Eurypylus and Iphicles. This woman once made love in a temple of Cybele, which led to her and her husband being
turned into lions. One of this figure’s sons, a friend of Telephus, was one of the Seven against Thebes; that son was
Parthenopaeus. When Althea’s sisters attempted to take from her a fur she won for drawing first blood at a hunt,
their nephew Meleager killed them. Later, this woman was distracted when Hippomenes threw three golden apples,
causing her to lose a footrace. For 10 points, identify this only female Argonaut and hunter of the Calydonian Boar.
ANSWER: Atalanta
11. E.A. Valentijn and P.P. Van der Werf used their discovery of molecular hydrogen in NGC891 near Andromeda to
explain this, and along with mircolensing it might be explained by the discovery of 38 white dwarfs in the Milky
Way. A large portion of it is known to be non-baryonic, and it was first postulated by Fritz Zwicky. Some
candidates for this include photinos and axions, which are Weakly Interacting Massive Particles or WIMPS, or
Massive Compact Halo Objects or MACHOs. For 10 points, name this substance that makes up the vast majority of
the universe’s mass despite not being directly observable.
ANSWER: dark matter
12. He developed what he called the "zone system" in creating his works, which involved visualization of the final
print. One of his works shows a man walking down a row of huts and another man sitting on a stoop; that image is a
part of his collaboration with John Hersey that showed life in an internment camp, Manzanar. He also collaborated
with Nancy Newhall on This is the American Earth, and some of his earlier work showed Mount Williamson with a
storm moving over it. He’s best known for his black and white works, which include such Yosemite National Park
scenes as Moon and Half Dome. For 10 points, name this f/64 member, a photographer of the American West.
ANSWER: Ansel Easton Adams
13. He wrote about Mrs. Placentia and Diaph Silkworm in a play about Lady Loadstone, The Magnetic Lady. In
another play Dauphine tricks his uncle Morose into marrying Epicoene, who is actually a boy, while Captain
Bobadill teaches Master Matthew how to duel after Edward Knowell travels to meet Wellbred in Every Man in His
Humour. In one of his plays Face allows Doll Common and Subtle into Lovewit’s house where they dupe Epicure
Mammon, and in another play Bonario sees the title character attempt to rape Celia, while earlier Mosca convinces
everyone that the title character is dying. For 10 points, name this author of The Alchemist and Volpone.
ANSWER: Benjamin or Ben Jonson
14. In this man’s role as a strategoi he was given command of a fleet based in Thasos. His work was followed up by
that of Cratippus and Theopompus, and he failed to keep Brasidas from conquering Amphipolis. Part of his work
involved character studies of Brasidas, Cleon, and Themistocles, and he described the disastrous siege of Syracuse
and the funeral oration of Pericles. While exiled from Athens, he wrote his major work, which was written before
Lysander’s victory at Aegospotami, though it does include the Sicilian expedition and the exploits of Alcibiades.
For 10 points, name this Greek historian of The History of the Peloponnesian War.
ANSWER: Thucydides
15. In the prologue to one of his operas the gods Virtue and Fortune argue about who is more powerful, only to be
outdone by the god Amore. He used consecutive fifths as parody in his Canzonetta tre voci, and there is debate
about the placement of the “Nigra Sum” motet in his Vespers for the Blessed Virgin. He featured a stile concitato in
a setting of Jerusalem Delivered, entitled The Combat of Tancred and Clorinda. In one opera, Drusilla confesses to
an attempted assassination to protect her lover Ottone, who had tried to kill Nerone’s future empress. For 10 points,
name this composer whose works such as Arianna, The Coronation of Poppea, and Orfeo, helped develop opera.
ANSWER: Claudio Monteverdi
16. This belief’s adherents trust that the third savior Saoshyant will bring about the “final renovation.” Vishtaspa
was the protector of their founder, who taught about the conflict between truth and lies, known as asha and druj.
This religion’s first man is Gayomart, and one sect of it believes in the timeless, apathetic god Zurvan. Hymns of
this religion include the Gathas and the Yashts, which can be found in the Yasna. Parsi practitioners of it are placed
in towers of silence when they die, and its sacred texts are found in the Zend-Avesta. For 10 points, name this faith
that centers on the conflict between Ahriman and Ahura Mazda and was formed by a namesake Persian prophet.
ANSWER: Zoroastrianism
17. Organisms in which this process occurs tend to have elevated levels of ascorbate peroxidase. Members of genus
Frankia perform this process, and it is characterized by the occurrence of a pinkish color in leghemoglobin. It occurs
in specialized cells called heterocysts in cyanobacteria, and the protein central to this process is inactivated by
oxygen, contains an iron-molybdenum complex, and is coded for by the nif gene. The microorganisms most
commonly associated with it form root nodules and are called rhizobia. For 10 points, identify this process which
results in ammonification of the most common atmospheric gas.
ANSWER: nitrogen fixation
18. This work discusses the growing importance of burghers in a section that explores the rise of towns after the fall
of the Roman Empire. This work discusses the advantages of founding new colonies and uses a comparison of
French and Portuguese wine to argue against protectionist tariffs in its fourth book, “Of Systems of Political
Economy,” which argues against the mercantilist system. Its first section supports the division of labor and
discusses a pin factory, while it later argues that individuals acting due to self interest will benefit the market via the
“invisible hand.” For 10 points, name this major work of Adam Smith.
ANSWER: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations
19. In this novel, one character discovers that the legendarily pious invalid Madame Stahl stays in bed to hide her
stubby legs. The title character is stunned to meet Sappho Sholtz, and earlier breaks into tears when the horse Frou-
Frou trips and breaks its back while trying to race Gladiator. One character is induced to trust the psychic Landau by
the insidious tutor Lydia, who tries to prevent the title character from bringing gifts to her son Seryoza. Stiva’s
infidelities upset Dolly, who encourages Kitty’s marriage with the plain Konstantin Levin. For 10 points, name this
novel, in which the title character hooks up with Count Vronsky and jumps in front of a train, by Leo Tolstoy.
ANSWER: Anna Karenina
20. Vaihinger discussed the relation between Swedenborg and this man’s concept of two worlds, in a commentary
on this man’s Dreams of a Spirit Seer. He proposed the creation of a league to mediate international disputes in his
essay "Perpetual Peace," and defined ratiocination as the judgment of a predicate with its subject in “The False
Subtlety of the Four Syllogistic Figures.” He defined his best-known concept by claiming that nothing can be called
good without qualification “except a good will” in his Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals. For 10 points,
name this author of The Critique of Judgment and Critique of Pure Reason who created the "categorical imperative."
ANSWER: Immanuel Kant
TB. This ruler allied with Spain against France via the Treaty of Westminster, and he won a victory at the Battle of
the Spurs during the War of the Holy League as well as a defeat of the Scottish at Flodden Field. One of his
advisors secured peace among Europe’s major powers through the Treaty of London, and he met with Francis I at
the Field of the Cloth of Gold. His advisors included Thomas Cranmer, Cardinal Wolsey, and Thomas Cromwell,
who helped this leader pass the Act of Supremacy and establish the Church of England. For 10 points, name this
English king who was married to Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, and four other women.
ANSWER: Henry VIII
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Bonuses
1. Socrates ruminates why virtuous fathers often do not produce virtuous sons after meeting Anytus in this dialogue.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Platonic dialogue where Socrates teaches a slave how to solve a geometric problem about the size of
a square during a discussion on whether virtue can be taught.
ANSWER: the Meno
[10] This other Platonic dialogue gets its name from a defense speech and consists of Socrates responding to his
charges of inventing new gods and corrupting the youth during a public trial. His main accuser is Meletus.
ANSWER: the Apologia or the Apology
[10] In Apologia, Socrates defends himself from being a member of this philosophical group of traveling teachers
who were known for quibbling. The dialogues Protagoras and Gorgias were named after members of this group.
ANSWER: Sophism [or Sophists]
2. Name these Dickens novels, for 10 points each.

[10] Phillip Pirrip lives with Joe Gargery when he meets the robber Abel Magwich, who becomes Pip’s mysterious
benefactor in this novel.
ANSWER: Great Expectations
[10] Josiah Bounderby marries Louisa, the daughter of the schoolmaster Thomas Gradgrind in this novel. Thomas is
known for his insistence on learning "facts."
ANSWER: Hard Times
[10] One of the title characters of this novel dies while at school in Brighton, ruining his father's plans for a
successor for his mercantile firm. Meanwhile Florence runs off with her father's employee Carker.
ANSWER: Dombey and Son
3. He advocated the US taking control of the Philippines after the Spanish American War. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Ambassador to Britain and Secretary of State who is most famous for proposing the Open Door
policy to keep European influence from blocking out American trade in China.
ANSWER: John Milton Hay
[10] Hay was appointed Secretary of State by this man who served as president during the Spanish-American War
before being assassinated by Leon Czolgosz.
ANSWER: William McKinley
[10] Hay negotiated a treaty with British diplomat Julian Pauncefote, giving the U.S. control of what would later
become the “Zone” of this waterway.
ANSWER: the Panama Canal
4. This sculpture, found in Padua, is set on a marble base in front of the church of Sant'Antonio. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this equestrian statue of the Italian mercenary and former dictator of Padua Erasmo di Narni, more
commonly known by a nickname derived from the name of his mother.
ANSWER: Gattamelata [or The Honeyed Cat]
[10] This sculptor of Gattamelata also created a statue of the prophet Habbakuk called Zuccone. He is probably
most famous for a bronze statue of an otherwise nude David wearing a hat and partially standing on Goliath's head.
ANSWER: Donatello [or Donato di Betto Bardi]
[10] Donatello’s other bronzes include one titled after these two figures from the Apocrypha. The first figure is
depicted holding the second one’s hair in one hand and a sword in the other, with which she prepares to behead him.
ANSWER: Judith and Holofernes
5. This leader won a Nobel Prize for his efforts to negotiate an end to the Suez Crisis. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Canadian prime minister who resigned in 1968 after introducing a national pension plan and family
assistance.
ANSWER: Lester Bowles Pearson
[10] Pearson's most visible mark on Canada is his introduction of the flag that bears this design in red.
ANSWER: maple leaf [prompt on leaf]
[10] Pearson was also the Canadian representative at the meeting that created the Washington treaty to found this
organization, which waged Operation Allied Force against Yugoslavia in the Kosovo War.
ANSWER: NATO [or The North Atlantic Treaty Organization]
6. This epic poem begins with a meeting called by Gitche Manito. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this poem about the titular prophet, son of the West Wind and Wenonah whose wife Minnehaha dies in a
famine.
ANSWER: “The Song of Hiawatha”
[10] This man, who made the first American translation of The Inferno, wrote "The Courtship of Miles Standish"
and "The Song of Hiawatha."
ANSWER: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
[10] The narrator declares, “Christ save us all from death like this / On the reef of Norman woe!” in this Longfellow
poem about a captain who ties his daughter to the mast of the title ship during a devastating storm.
ANSWER: “The Wreck of the Hesperus”
7. This figure, who shares his name with a Chaldean god of fate, used the snake Vasuki to tie his boat to another
character’s horns. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this figure, the Hindu equivalent of Noah, who was warned of an impending flood by the fish Matsya.
ANSWER: Manu Vaivasvata [or Manu Satyavrata]
[10] Matsya was the first avatar of this god, the consort of Lakshmi and the preserver of the Trimurti. This god’s
other avatars include the dwarf Vamana, the boar Varaha, and Krishna, the narrator of the Bhagavad Gita.
ANSWER: Bhagavan Vishnu [or Visnu]
[10] This final avatar of Vishnu will appear at the end of the Kali Yuga and will ride his white horse Devadatta
across the land, smiting the wicked with his sword.
ANSWER: Kalki [or Kalkin; or Kalaki]
8. The Rafael Urdaneta Bridge spans this body of water which is overrun with duckweed. For 10 points each:
[10] The city La Ceiba is on this lake’s coast, and its large supply of petroleum allows its home nation to be a
member of OPEC. This lake has been dredged a lot.
ANSWER: Lake Maracaibo or [Lago de Maracaibo]
[10] Lake Maracaibo is found in this South American country, ruled from Caracas by Hugo Chavez. It is a
Bolivarian republic on the Caribbean sea.
ANSWER: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela [or República Bolivariana de Venezuela]
[10] Lake Maracaibo's largest tributary is this river where you can find its namesake lightning, one of the biggest
ozone producers in the world. It rises in Columbia and is met by the Zulia river near Encontrados.
ANSWER: Catatumbo River
9. Starch and cellulose are polymers of this sugar. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this monosaccharide which combines with fructose to produce sucrose.
ANSWER: glucose [or C6H12O6]
[10] Galactose and glucose display this type of isomerism where the stereochemistry of exactly one chiral carbon is
inverted.
ANSWER: epimers
[10] Starch is made up of two different polymers of glucose. One has a linear chain of 1-4 alpha glycosidic linkages,
while the other is a more branched polymer which constitutes about 80% of starch. Name either.
ANSWER: amylose or amylopectin
10. This author wrote about his home peninsula breaking off in The Stone Raft. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author who wrote The Gospel According to Jesus Christ and Balthasar and Blimunda.
ANSWER: Jose Saramago
[10] Jose Saramago is a native of this country, which is the setting for his novel The Year of the Death of Ricardo
Reis, which is set in Lisbon.
ANSWER: Portugal or Republica Portuguesa
[10] At the beginning of this Saramago novel a man sitting at a stoplight is struck with the titular malady, and the
characters in the hospital include the boy with the squint and the girl with the dark glasses.
ANSWER: Blindness or Ensaio sobre a cegueira
11. This band was formed after the collapse of the Yardbirds, and some of their hits include “Black Dog” and
“Whole Lotta Love.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this band whose members include Jimmy Page and Robert Plant, the performers of "Stairway to
Heaven."
ANSWER: Led Zeppelin
[10] This song from the album Physical Graffiti was sampled by Puff Daddy in “Come With Me.” The singer claims
to be “a traveler of both time and space” and says that “Ooh baby I’ve been flying, Mama, there ain’t no denyin’.”
ANSWER: “Kashmir”
[10] This song, found between "Black Mountain Side" and "I Can't Quit You Baby" on Led Zeppelin I, discusses
how a girl is driving the singer to ruin before noting that the title conflict is always the same and drives him insane.
ANSWER: “Communication Breakdown”
12. He underwent hypnosis after a drunk Alexander Glazunov's disastrous premiere of his first symphony drove him
away from composing. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Russian composer of the Prelude in C-Sharp Minor as well as his later work The Symphonic Dances.
His literary inspired works include the choral symphony The Bells.
ANSWER: Sergey Vasilyevich Rachmaninoff
[10] This symphonic poem by Rachmaninoff is based on paintings by Arnold Bocklin that shows a boat drifting into
the titular location. The music includes an intonation of the Dies Irae chant.
ANSWER: Isle of the Dead
[10] Rachmaninoff uses the Dies Irae melody in a 24-variation rhapsody based on this man's 24th caprice. He was
known as the greatest violin virtuoso in the 1800s and also wrote Perpetual Motion.
ANSWER: Niccolo Paganini
13. It was inspired by the sacking of Rome by Alaric, and its author argued that Rome was sacked because it was of
no spiritual importance. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this 22-book work about the titular holy location, a place where people give up earthly pleasures to
focus on upholding Christian values.
ANSWER: The City of God Against the Pagans or De Civitate Dei contra paganos
[10] The City of God was written by this bishop of Hippo and opponent of Pelagianism, who discussed his early life
as a sinful pagan in his Confessions.
ANSWER: Saint Augustine of Hippo or Aurelius Augustinus
[10] Prior to his conversion, Augustine had been a follower of this dualistic Gnostic religion. The followers of its
namesake founder called his trials the “Passion of the Illuminator.”
ANSWER: Manichaeism
14. For it to be followed, a cyclic molecule’s pi electrons equals 4n plus 2, with n being a positive integer or zero.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this rule which is followed by molecules like benzene.
ANSWER: Huckel’s rule
[10] A cyclic, planar molecule which has delocalization of charge and which follows Huckel’s rule exhibits this
property, which sometimes causes it to have a pleasant smell.
ANSWER: aromaticity [accept word forms]
[10] This meta directing functional group can be added to benzene by an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction
where its namesake strong acid is protonated by sulfuric acid.
ANSWER: nitro [or NO2]
15. This man was expelled from his nation's communist party for supporting peasants’ welfare. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this man who was overthrown in a 1956 Soviet invasion after he attempted to liberalize his government
and released Cardinal Joseph Midszenty from jail.
ANSWER: Imre Nagy [pronounced “Nahj”; accept reversed order]
[10] Imre Nagy was the leader of this country, which earlier in the century had been a dual monarchy with Austria.
ANSWER: Hungary
[10] Imre Nagy was replaced by Janos Kadar, who had earlier been thrown in jail for supporting this Yugoslav leader
and founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. He was born Josip Broz.
ANSWER: Marshal Tito [accept Josip Broz Tito]
16. It opens with a description of the wounded native Kamante, who later becomes the protagonist’s chef, and a
gazelle named Lulu. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this memoir of the lover of Denys Finch-Hatton, who helps Chief Kinanjui adjudicate a shooting
accident, a work about a Dutch woman and her coffee plantation.
ANSWER: Out of Africa or Den afrikanske farm
[10] This woman wrote Out of Africa, as well as Babette's Feast and the short story collection Seven Gothic Tales.
ANSWER: Isak Dinesen [or Karen Christence Dinesen, Baroness Blixen-Finecke]
[10] Among Dinesen’s Seven Gothic Tales is a story titled for the “roads round” this Italian city, which also names a
section of Pound’s Cantos.
ANSWER: Pisa
17. His brother Ariboga tried to be elected Khan, which was headed off when this man called a council at Shang-tu.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this one-time overlord of all Mongol territories, who focused mainly on China and became the founder of
the Yuan dynasty.
ANSWER: Kublai Khan [or Khubla Khan; or Khubilai Khan]
[10] Kublai Khan's attempt to invade Japan was headed off when a storm blew away his navy. The Japanese then
gave this name to that storm, meaning "divine wind".
ANSWER: kamikaze
[10] Khublai Khan was the younger brother to this last Mongol to rule from Karakorum. His brother Hulagu led the
western Mongol expansion past Iran to the Mediterranean, and he died while leading the conquest of China.
ANSWER: Mongke Khan [or Mangu Khan]
18. Identify the following about DNA replication, for 10 points each.
[10] These are short strands of DNA built in the 3 prime to 5 prime direction, as a polymerase cannot proceed in that
direction. They are covalently linked by ligases.
ANSWER: Okazaki fragments
[10] This class of enzymes can break the linkages between complementary DNA strands to unwind DNA for
replication or transcription.
ANSWER: helicases
[10] This DNA polymerase, obtained from a bacteria found in hot springs, is used in most PCRs as it can withstand
temperatures of 95 degrees celsius. It has terminal transferase activity, adding an extra adenosine to the 3 prime end.
ANSWER: Taq polymerase [or Thermus aquaticus polymerase]
19. This novel's title character gets kicked out of Castle Thunder-ten-tronck. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Voltaire novel, where the title character is impressed into the Bulgarian army before ending the
novel growing a garden in Istanbul.
ANSWER: Candide
[10] Candide is in love with this woman all through the novel, and she is raped by the Bulgarians before becoming
the mistress of a Jew and a member of the inquisition in Lisbon.
ANSWER: Cunegonde
[10] This man shows up in Venice as a slave of the sultan Achmet the 3rd. He is Candide's servant before being
separated from him in South America.
ANSWER: Cacambo
20. This language group may not contain Anatolian, but certainly contains German and Sanskrit. For 10 points:
[10] Name this large family of languages that are believed to derive from "proto-" roots that contains Aryan, Iranian,
Italic, and other groups of languages.
ANSWER: Indo-European [prompt on Indo-Hittite, which undoubtedly contains Anatolian]
[10] This Swiss linguist wrote about how knotty vowels in Indo-European Languages arose in his Memoir on the
Original System of Vowels in Indo-European Languages but he is most important for his Course in General
Linguistics.
ANSWER: Ferdinand de Saussure
[10] Central to Saussure’s Course in General Linguistics is this concept, which is broken down into the signifier and
the signified.
ANSWER: the sign
21. It is independent of the temperature of objects emitting it. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this type of radiation produced by electrons traveling close to the speed of a light in a magnetic field that
is named for a type of particle accelerator.
ANSWER: synchrotron radiation
[10] This object, designated M1 in the Messier catalog, is the remnant of a supernova observed by some Chinese
people in 1054. Found in the Taurus constellation, it was shown to emit synchrotron radiation.
ANSWER: Crab nebula
[10] At the central of the Crab nebula is one of these objects, a rapidly rotating neutron star that periodically emits
light.
ANSWER: pulsar
Packet by MIT A (Grace Li, Jason Trigg, Ylaine Gerardin, Zach Thomas, Chris Kennedy, Annelise Beck, Will
Uspal, and Mark Seifter), and South Carolina (Joseph Montoya, Robert Harden, Katie Baehler, Preston Floyd, and
Eric Douglass)
Tossups
1. Herbert Spencer wrote about some Reasons for Dissenting from the Philosophy of this man, who divided history
into the military aim and the industrial aim in Plan of Scientific Studies Necessary for the Reorganization of Society.
His collaboration with Saint-Simon influenced his belief that the progress of societies started with animism,
polytheism, and monotheism. Those divisions make up the Theological stage, which was followed by the
Metaphysical stage in his three-stage model of societal development, which culminated in a purely scientific stage.
For 10 points, name this author of Course of Positive Philosophy, the founder of positivism and father of sociology.
ANSWER: Auguste Comte
2. An equation named for this man gives the rate of change of the equilibrium constant with respect to temperature
as delta H standard over R T squared. One paper by this man cited the isomerism of maleic acid and fumaric acid as
evidence for a theory independently proposed by J. A. Bel concerning the tetrahedral nature of the carbon atom. One
quantity named for him is a measure of the effective number of particles in solution. That quantity is related to the
degree of dissociation, is important in colligative properties such as osmotic pressure, and is known as this man's
namesake “factor.” For 10 points, name this Dutch scientist who won the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
ANSWER: Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff
3. One accusation of treason against this man rested on him possibly owning his own railroad car, and he cast an
abstaining vote when his Jewish wife Polina Zemchuzhina was accused of treason. This man joined Lazar
Kaganovich and Georgy Malenkov in an attempt to bring Nikolai Bulganin to power, becoming one of the “Anti-
Party Group” denounced by Khrushchev. He then served for a while as ambassador to Mongolia after being
demoted from his post of Soviet Foreign Minister. For 10 points, name this man who signed a non-aggression pact
with Nazi representative Joachim von Ribbentrop and was the namesake of some anti-tank “cocktails.”
ANSWER: Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov [or Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Skryabin]
4. This composer’s tone poems include one in which the title demon murders a child, The Water Goblin, and his first
symphony is titled after the “Bells of Zlonice.” He quotes the song series “The Cypresses” at the end of his Cello
Concerto in B minor, which is probably the most frequently-played cello concerto today. This composer also wrote
the American String Quartet, which was inspired by his time in Spillville, Iowa; that also provided inspiration of a
symphony he wrote that was based on the Song of Hiawatha and African American spirituals. For 10 points, name
this composer of the Carnival Overture, some Slavonic Dances, and his 9th symphony, From the New World.
ANSWER: Antonin Leopold Dvorak
5. This figure once launched Maricha across the ocean, after which he killed Subahu with his bow Kodanda in order to
allow Vishwamitra to conduct a sacrifice. A son of Vali and Tara named Angada served as one of his messengers, and
this figure befriended Guha, king of the Nishaadas. He forced his wife to climb a funeral pyre to test her purity, and after
Kaikeyi got this figure banished, Bharata put his sandals at the foot of his throne. He helped recover the kingdom of
Sugriva and was accompanied by his brother Lakshmana and the vanara Hanuman to fight the rakshasa king of Lanka,
Ravana. For 10 points, identify this husband of Sita and seventh avatar of Vishnu, the subject of an epic by Valmiki.
ANSWER: Ramachandra [accept Phrea Ream, Phra Ram, Phra Lam, or Rajah Bantugan]
6. This man established the rurales to combat bandits, and Ramon Corral and Jose Limantour were among the
cientificos who advised him. This man chose Manuel Gonzalez as his handpicked successor, and he reached his
highest office by defeating Sebastian de Lerdo after issuing his Plan of Tuxtepec. His downfall was accompanied by
a rebellion organized by Pascual Orozco and the declaration of the Plan of San Luis Potosí by Francisco Madero,
who signed the Treaty of Ciudad Juarez with this man, forcing him into exile. For 10 points, name this mestizo
Mexican ruler from Oaxaca (wah-HAH-cah), who was president from 1884 until 1911.
ANSWER: Porfirio Diaz
7. Veronese changed the title of his Last Supper to Feast in the House of Levi after he was told to replace one of
these with Mary Magdalene. Two flowers, two pens, and some sheet music lay by another one of these at the bottom
left of the portrait of Madame de Pompadour by Francois Boucher. The periodic motion of a woman’s feet and one
of these can be found in a painting by Giacomo Balla titled the Dynamism of one of these, and another one of this
animal is curled up at the foot of the bed as a woman rummages through a chest in the background in Titian's Venus
of Urbino. For 10 points, a series of sixteen paintings by C. M. Coolidge depicts what animals playing poker?
ANSWER: dogs
8. This man lends his name to an integration method which finds optimal points described by roots of the orthogonal
polynomial, his namesake quadrature. One unit named for him is equal to ten to the negative fourth Weber per meter
squared. A statement named for him implies the non-existence of magnetic monopoles. Another statement
developed by him yields the universal gravitational law when applied to the gravitational field and reduces to
Coulomb's law for point charges. For 10 points, identify this scientist whose most famous law states that the net flux
through a closed surface is proportional to the charge enclosed by the surface.
ANSWER: Carl Friedrich Gauss
9. The Leaf Hills located in this state’s Otter Tail County are home to its highest point, Inspiration Peak. The River
named for this state rises from the Big Stone Lake and flows by towns such as St. Peter and New Ulm. International
Falls is located near this state’s northern border, whose “Northwest Angle” is the only mainland region north of the
49th parallel. This state’s Lake Itasca is the source of the Mississippi River, and the St. Louis River flows into Lake
Superior near its third largest city, Duluth. Bordered by Iowa to the south and Wisconsin to the east, for 10 points,
identify this state with capital at St. Paul and whose largest city is Minneapolis.
ANSWER: Minnesota
10. One character in this work is mocked when Kat shouts “Change at Lohne” and attacks him with a bedcover
when he is coming home from his favorite pub. One of the protagonist’s friends mourns that he will never become
head forester, and gives away his boots. Some of the main character’s other friends include the locksmith Tjaden
and the peat-digger Haie. The protagonist feels obligated to lie to Kemmerich’s mother, and stabs Gerard Duval
when they both hide in the same shell hole. The protagonist dies on an otherwise uneventful day. For 10 points,
name this work about Paul Baumer’s World War I experiences, written by Erich Maria Remarque.
ANSWER: All Quiet on the Western Front [or Im Westen nichts Neues]
11. Topological ones could use anyons to avoid the problem of decoherence. These objects use Hadamard gates, and
the no cloning theorem makes error correction difficult for them. One of them is used in the Deutsch-Jozsa
algorithm, and one of them allows the use of Grover's algorithm to search through an unsorted database in sublinear
time. They can use Shor's Algorithm to factor primes in “order log cubed of n” time, and their individual elements
are represented by two-state systems. Loss and Vincenzo have proposed one constructed of a certain type of dot. For
10 points, name these devices that store information in the form of superpositions of ones and zeroes, in qubits.
ANSWER: quantum computers
12. The use of public funds by religious schools are banned by this man’s namesake amendments. He was Speaker
of the House for three terms, though a scandal involving the Little Rock & Fort Smith Railway caused him to lose
the presidential nomination to Rutherford B. Hayes. This man was Secretary of State for both James Garfield and
Chester Arthur, and he was hurt in his attempt to become president by Reverend Burchard, who spoke of “Rum,
Romanism, and Rebellion.” For 10 points, name this “Plumed Knight” and “Continental Liar from the State of
Maine” who was defeated by Grover Cleveland in 1884.
ANSWER: James Gillespie Blaine
13. In one of this author’s works, Margery Meanwell grows up to become a schoolteacher. In another of his works,
Edwin becomes a recluse beside the Tyne and Angelina must seek him dressed as a boy. In addition to “The History
of Little Goody Two-Shoes” and the “The Hermit,” he also wrote about the village of Auburn, which had become
depopulated because of a sudden influx of money, in “The Deserted Village.” His other works include one in which
Kate Hardcastle meets Charles Marlow, and a work about Mr. Burnell, who is actually Squire Thornhill. For 10
points, name this man, who wrote She Stoops to Conquer and The Vicar of Wakefield.
ANSWER: Oliver Goldsmith
14. With Jacobi and Bellman, this man names an equation central to optimal control problems, and he names a
theorem which implies that a square matrix A satisfies its own characteristic polynomial, along with Cayley. He
names a cycle on a graph such that the path visits each vertex exactly once, and he is also the namesake of an
operator which is the Legendre transform of the Lagrangian operator and gives the total energy of a system. Better
known for the creation of a division ring where i squared, j squared, and k squared equal negative one, for 10 points,
identify this Irish mathematician who developed the mathematics of quaternions.
ANSWER: William Rowan Hamilton
15. In one of this man’s works, Thomas Hudson comes to terms with the death of his kids and hunts for a damaged
German boat. He wrote a work in which Harry Morgan runs contraband, and also wrote of Robert and Maria, who
clash with Paolo, in the stories “Islands in the Stream” and “True at First Light.” Another short story by this author
sees Al and Max discuss murdering the boxer Ole Andreson. That work is “The Killers,” which includes his
recurring character Nick Adams. This man’s longer works include To Have and Have Not and one in which Manolin
assists the fisherman Santiago. For 10 points, name this author of A Farewell to Arms and The Old Man and the Sea.
ANSWER: Ernest Hemingway
16. Sandhoff disease is related to this disease, and the metabolism of 4-methyl-lumbelli-ferone is used in the
biochemical test which detects this disease. It is caused by a mutation in the HEXA gene, which leads to a
deficiency of hexosaminidase A. Compounds made of sialic acid and glycosphingolipids called gangliosides are not
metabolized in this condition, which results in the “cherry-red” spot that can be seen on the retina of patients with
this condition. For 10 points, name this fatal genetic disorder that mostly affects infants and is especially common
among Ashkenazi Jews.
ANSWER: Tay-Sachs disease
17. Stone cannonballs line the paths of its outer courtyard, and its South Gallery is home to the Deesis (day-eh-sis)
Mosaic. A ring of forty windows separated by ribs is found at the base of its most famous feature, which is
supported by four pendentives to which Sinan added buttresses. The Fossatis gave it its red and yellow exterior, as
well as its calligraphic roundels, and it was originally designed by Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus. A
mihrab, a minbar, and some minarets were added after its conversion to a mosque in 1453. For 10 points, name this
church with a giant dome, commissioned by Justinian and dedicated to the Holy Wisdom in Constantinople.
ANSWER: the Hagia Sophia [accept Ayasofya; accept Church of the Holy Wisdom before it is mentioned]
18. In one story, this man saved the town of Gubbio by making a pact with an attacking wolf. After spending time as
a Perugian captive, he saw a vision of a hall full of cross-marked armor, which encouraged him to travel to Apulia.
After 40 days' fasting on the mountain La Verna, he saw a six-winged seraph, after which he received the stigmata,
according to his namesake Fioretti. He praised Sister Death, Brother Fire, and Brother Moon in his Canticle of the
Sun, and was credited with inventing the Nativity creche scene. For 10 points, identify this Catholic patron saint of
animals, the founder of a namesake group whose first two orders are the Poor Clares and the Friars Minor.
ANSWER: St. Francis of Assisi [prompt on Francis; accept San Francesco]
19. The beginning of this work discusses a town called The Motley Cow where one character gives a sermon “On
the Despisers of the Body” claiming that the enlightened one knows that he is body and nothing more. Socrates is
alluded to in the section “On the Flies of the Marketplace” and important themes include those of eternal recurrence
and the will to power. Subtitled “A Book for All and None,” it begins when a prophet descends from the mountains
to preach about the Ubermensch, and it reintroduced its author’s earlier statement from The Gay Science, “God is
dead.” For 10 points, name this philosophical work, named for a dualistic prophet, by Nietzsche.
ANSWER: Thus Spake Zarathustra [or Also sprach Zarathustra; or Thus Spoke Zarathustra]
20. In a poem in this language, an exile convinces the titular entity, which is “frolicsome as an elephant,” to carry a
message to his wife. The same author also penned a play in this tongue in which the title woman loses a signet ring
that is later discovered in the belly of a fish, after her husband Dushyanta is cursed. This language was used to write
Shakuntala and “The Cloud Messenger” by Kalidasa, and it also provides the last three words of Eliot’s The Waste
Land, “shantih shantih shantih.” For 10 points, name this language that was used to write the Upanishads and the
Mahabharata.
ANSWER: Sanskrit [or samskrta; or samskrtam]
TB. Early tribes in this region included the Silures and the Ordovices, and it was home to the Kingdom of Powys in
the Middle Ages. The Treaty of Montgomery recognized the independence of this place, though it was overturned
by the Treaty of Aberconwy, ending rule here by the House of Aberffraw. Offa's Dyke was built to protect against
attacks from people here, and it is the location of Pembroke. One leader from here captured his enemy Edmund
Mortimer at the battle of Bryn Glas, and allied with Harry Hotspur to revolt against Henry IV. For 10 points, name
the country, home to Llywelyn ap Gruffydd and Owain Glyndwr, with modern capital at Cardiff.
ANSWER: Wales
Packet by MIT A (Grace Li, Jason Trigg, Ylaine Gerardin, Zach Thomas, Chris Kennedy, Annelise Beck, Will
Uspal, and Mark Seifter), and South Carolina (Joseph Montoya, Robert Harden, Katie Baehler, Preston Floyd, and
Eric Douglass)
Bonuses
1. For 10 points each, name these Shakespeare plays.

[10] Ariel and Caliban are freed by Prospero at the end of this play set on an unnamed island.
ANSWER: The Tempest
[10] Hermione dies of grief after her husband King Leontes wrongly accuses her of having an affair with King
Polixenes in this play, which contains the famous stage direction “Exit, pursued by a bear.”
ANSWER: The Winter’s Tale
[10] The title character wins the hand of Thaisa in marriage after winning a tournament on the island of Pentapolis,
and later regains his kingdom from the usurpers Cleon and Dionyza.
ANSWER: Pericles: Prince of Tyre
2. His short period of leadership was dominated by a civil war called the First Fitna, and he quelled an uprising by
Aisha at the Battle of the Camel. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this fourth Islamic caliph, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Mohammed.
ANSWER: Ali ibn Abi Talib
[10] Ali pretended to be the Prophet Muhammad, sleeping in his bed to foil an expected assassination attempt. That
allowed Muhammad to escape from Mecca to this city, a trip known as the 'hijra'.
ANSWER: Medina [or al-Madinah al-Munawwarah]
[10] This man accompanied Mohammed on the Hijrah, and the two of them avoided the Quraish by hiding in a cave
around whose opening a spider spun its web. He was also Muhammed’s father-in-law.
ANSWER: Abu Bakr as Sadiq
3. Identify the following about a theorem, for 10 points each.

[10] This theorem implies that mass, angular momentum, and charge are the only measurable properties of black
holes.
ANSWER: no-hair theorem [accept: “black holes have no hair”]
[10] If pair production occurs at the event horizon, then black holes emit this kind of radiation, named for the current
Lucasian chair at Cambridge University and author of A Brief History of Time.
ANSWER: Bekenstein-Hawking radiation
[10] This effect, which occurs in the ergosphere of black holes, causes perturbations in the orbits of particles due to
the spin of objects that attract it. It is sometimes named for two Austrian physicists.
ANSWER: frame dragging [or Lense-Thirring effect]
4. Identify some things about Bravo’s spate of fashion- and food-related reality TV shows, for 10 points each.
[10] This mentor on Project Runway, famous for such catchphrases as “Designers, gather ‘round” and “Make it
work”, also has his own "Guide to Style," which he co-hosts with Gretta Monahan.
ANSWER: Timothy M. Gunn
[10] Winners of this excellent cooking show include Ilan Hall and Hung Huynh in seasons two and three. Hosted by
Padma Lakshmi, its judges include Tom Colicchio and Gail Simmons of Food & Wine Magazine.
ANSWER: Top Chef
[10] Once accused of forcing clients such as Lindsay Lohan and Nicole Richie to lose weight, this celebrity stylist is
the titular subject of a Bravo show chronicling her job, personal life, and extravagant shopping sprees.
ANSWER: Rachel Zoe Rosenzweig
5. Bioko, Annabon, Sao Tome, and Principe islands lie in this feature. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this arm of the Atlantic where the equator and the prime meridian meet. The Niger River empties into the
Bight of Biafra, which is the north-eastern portion of this feature.
ANSWER: Gulf of Guinea
[10] Having namesake Red, White, and Black branches, this river empties into the Gulf of Guinea. The Akosombo
dam has made its namesake lake the largest manmade reservoir on earth.
ANSWER: Volta River
[10] This country lends its name to a Bight that forms the northern portion of the Gulf of Guinea. The Oueme River
originates in the Atacora massif in this country, whose largest city is Cotonou.
ANSWER: Benin
6. The protagonist must stay silent under the temptation of three women as a trial to win the hand in marriage of his
beloved. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this opera in which Tamino is sent on a quest to rescue Pamina from Sarastro, that centers on the title
instrument.
ANSWER: The Magic Flute [or Die Zauberflöte]
[10] This composer of the Haffner and Linz symphonies composed The Magic Flute.
ANSWER: Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
[10] This Magic Flute character makes her entrance singing the noxiously difficult aria “O Zittre Nicht, Mein Lieber
Sohn” and sends Tamino on his quest. She later is revealed to be plotting to destroy the temple with Monostatos.
ANSWER: The Queen of the Night
7. This ruler signed the Peace of Vervins to end Philip II’s support of the Catholic League, and most of his decrees
were carried out by the Duke of Sully. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this ruler who converted to Catholicism after defeating the Duke of Guise, declaring “Paris is worth a
mass.”
ANSWER: Henry IV [or Henry III of Navarre; prompt on Henry III for “of Navarre”; prompt on Henry]
[10] Henry’s rule is probably most notable for the promulgation of this decree that ended the Wars of Religion by
giving limited freedom of worship to Huguenots.
ANSWER: Edict of Nantes
[10] Henry was convinced to convert by this mistress of his. During his rule, she came to be an important advisor
and served on his council, but she died in childbirth before he could marry her.
ANSWER: Gabrielle d’Estrées
8. Multiple Sclerosis results in the loss of this fatty substance from nervous tissue. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this substance, the namesake of a “sheath” that covers axons and improves the conduction of action
potentials.
ANSWER: myelin
[10] The myelin sheath is made of these cells in the peripheral nervous system, which are analogous to
oligodendrocytes. Gaps between them are known as Nodes of Ranvier.
ANSWER: Schwann Cells
[10] This is the name given to the junction between one neuron and another. Neurotransmitters travel across them to
transmit messages.
ANSWER: synapse
9. One of his works describes the wonders that inhabitants of Bensalem find at Solomon’s House. For 10 points
each:
[10] New Atlantis and The Advancement of Learning were written by this man, who advocated the scientific method.
ANSWER: Francis Bacon
[10] Bacon outlined his belief in inductive reasoning in this work, whose title is inspired by an Aristotle work, and
was important in developing the scientific method.
ANSWER: Novum Organum
[10] Bacon used this word to describe superficial beliefs and distractions that distort the truth. He offered four
groups of them: theatre, tribe, marketplace, and den.
ANSWER: idols
10. Name these Moliere plays, for 10 points each.
[10] In this work, Cleante and Elise yearn to escape from their father’s household and to marry their respective
lovers, yet their father, the titular skinflint named Harpagon, is attracted to his son’s lover Marianne.
ANSWER: The Miser
[10] Significant amounts of plotting are all for naught when a case of mistaken identity causes Horace to confide in
Arnolphe, but it’s all okay at the end when Agnes turns out to be Enrique’s daughter!
ANSWER: The School for Wives
[10] Alceste loves Celimene, although she is also courted by Oronte, Acaste, and Clitandre. Alceste’s refusal to dole
out false compliments lands him in court, while Philinte and Eliante fall in love.
ANSWER: The Misanthrope
11. Answer these questions about the Spanish-American War, for 10 points each
[10] The Spanish-American War was nominally started when this American warship sank in Havana Harbor due to
an explosion. It was there to protect US interests should pro-Spanish Cubans act against them.
ANSWER: USS Maine
[10] The United States transported this man from exile in Hong Kong to the Philippines in order to rally the
Filipinos against the Spanish colonial government.
ANSWER: Emilio Aguinaldo
[10] At this battle, the bloodiest of the Spanish-American War, seven hundred fifty Spanish soldiers were ordered to
hold the heights against an American offensive. Famously, it saw the charge of the Rough Riders.
ANSWER: Battle of San Juan Hill
12. Identify these things from Sikhism, for 10 points each.

[10] The Kanga and the Rishi knot are carried and used, respectively, by Sikhs, because the first of the five Ks,
Kesh, prohibits them from doing this. The effects of this action on male Sikhs may not be immediately visible
because they usually wear turbans.
ANSWER: cutting their hair [accept equivalents]
[10] The first of the ten Sikh gurus, this man’s teachings are passed down today in the Adi Granth, and he composed
the Baburvani.
ANSWER: Guru Nanak
[10] This term, coined by Guru Gobind Singh, is used to refer to the collective body of Sikhs that have been
baptized in the ceremony of amrit sanchar. It means “pure” in Punjabi.
ANSWER: Khalsa
13. The Debye-Huckel equation gives the coefficient of this property in terms of ionic strength. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this property which is often approximated to concentrations at low ionic strengths, which accounts for
interactions between particles in non ideal solutions.
ANSWER: activity
[10] Name this equation which relates cell potential to its standard potential for a given electrochemical reaction,
and includes a term involving the logarithm of the reaction quotient.
ANSWER: Nernst Equation
[10] This man’s constant, equal to approximately 96,500 coulombs per mole of electrons, appears in the Nernst
equation. His namesake laws concern the amount of production of substances in an electrolytic reaction.
ANSWER: Michael Faraday
14. A tree without leaves can be seen in front of several houses in his Houses at L’Estaque. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this artist who created Candlestick and Playing Cards on a Table and Man with a Guitar.
ANSWER: Georges Braque
[10] Braque, along with Picasso, was a member of this twentieth-century art movement, which had “synthetic” and
“analytic” phases, and used geometric shapes to represent nature and usually disregarded depth and perspective.
ANSWER: cubism
[10] Pablo Picasso created this work which depicts five prostitutes from the title location standing in provocative
poses. It is often considered the painting that brought cubism to the forefront of twentieth-century art.
ANSWER: Les Demoiselles d’Avignon [or The Young Women of Avignon]
15. This poem addresses the title entity as a child whose mother “alas, is poor.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this poem addressed to the author’s own poetry collection, which she dubs an “ill-formed offspring of my
feeble brain.”
ANSWER: “The Author to her Book”
[10] This American colonial female poet wrote “Upon the Burning of our House,” in addition to such works as “The
Author to Her Book,” “Before the Birth of One of Her Children” and “To My Dear and Loving Husband.”
ANSWER: Anne Bradstreet
[10] Bradstreet was given this appellation, often bestowed upon female poets such as Sappho and Sor Juana Inez de
la Cruz. Bradstreet’s main poetry collection is named for this person “lately sprung up in America.”
ANSWER: the Tenth Muse [prompt on muse]
16. Name these works by Hector Berlioz, for 10 points each.

[10] A terse fortissimo G chord is used to depict the guillotine blade in the fourth movement, “March to the
Scaffold,” of this best known Berlioz work, which implements idée fixe.
ANSWER: Symphonie Fantastique
[10] One character hears the “Song of the Rat” while drinking with Brander and later sneaks into Marguerite’s house
with the help of Mephistopheles in an opera named for the “Damnation” of this character, also the subject of a
Gounod opera.
ANSWER: Faust [accept The Damnation of Faust; or Le Damnation de Faust]
[10] This symphony based on a Byron poem features movements titled “March of the Pilgrims” and “Orgy of the
Brigands.”
ANSWER: Harold in Italy [accept Harold en Italie]
17. This battle featured a Russian cavalry charge being repulsed by the forces of Colin Campbell in an incident that
came to be known as “The Thin Red Line.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this battle of the Crimean War that more notably featured a disastrous charge by the Light Brigade.
ANSWER: Battle of Balaclava
[10] The Battle of Balaclava was the first Russian attempt to break the siege of this city, Russia’s chief naval port on
the Black Sea.
ANSWER: Sevastopol [or Sebastapol]
[10] This later battle was a concerted effort to break the Allied position near Sevastopol, led by troops from the city
under Soimonov and troops from Menshikov’s field army under Pauloff. Soimonov’s misinterpretation of an order
led to an Allied victory.
ANSWER: Battle of Inkerman
18. Orbiting electrons undergo the Thomas type, while magnetic moments experience the Larmor kind. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this effect in which the axis of a rotating body, such as the Earth, shifts.
ANSWER: precession
[10] The angular velocity of classical precession is directly proportional to this quantity, the rotational analog of
force.
ANSWER: torque
[10] The change in strength of precession over time results in this small oscillation in an axis or rotation. For the
earth, it is caused by tidal forces.
ANSWER: nutation
19. In this novel, John’s romance with Liz causes her pet cat Charlemagne to be jealous, and Liz later ends up
marrying John’s friend Phil. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this modern verse novel about a bunch of yuppies in San Francisco.
ANSWER: The Golden Gate
[10] The Golden Gate was written by this Calcuttan author who also wrote about the violinist Michael in An Equal
Music and described four families in the absurdly long A Suitable Boy.
ANSWER: Vikram Seth
[10] The Golden Gate uses the same rhyme scheme as this verse novel by Aleksandr Pushkin, in which the title
character kills his friend Vladimir Lensky in a duel.
ANSWER: Eugene Onegin
20. Identify some things about lunar deities who aren’t the Lithuanian goddess Ataegina, for 10 points each.
[10] The Greek equivalent of the Roman Luna was a daughter of Hyperion and Theia. Her daughters, the Menae,
represented the moon’s phases, but she is most famous for falling in love with Endymion.
ANSWER: Selene
[10] Moon deities from this people’s mythology include Coniraya, who impregnated Cavillaca with a fruit made of
his sperm, and Mama Quilla. More famous gods from their myths include the sun god Inti and his father Viracocha.
ANSWER: Incan mythology
[10] This Japanese moon god was the brother of Susano’o. After he killed the food goddess Uke Mochi, his sister
refused to be in the same place as him, and so the sun and the moon are seen at different times of day.
ANSWER: Tsukuyomi-no-mikoto or -no-kami [accept Tsukiyomi]
21. Answer some questions of schools of economic thought, for 10 points each.
[10] This school, home to Ronald Coase, Gary Becker, Friedrich von Hayek and Milton Friedman, generally has a
libertarian bent, and was also Monetarist during Friedman's time.
ANSWER: University of Chicago
[10] This is the idea that, although individuals will have widely varying and often incorrect ideas about the future, it
is reasonable to assume that they are correct on average. Its application to stocks leads to the efficient markets
hypothesis.
ANSWER: rational expectations theory
[10] This group seeks to build up a macroeconomic theory by providing microeconomic foundations for the work of
the author of The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money.
ANSWER: New Keynesian Economics
Packet by Penn A (Mehdi Razvi and Chris White), and Louisiana-Lafayette (Jake Sundberg, Joe Torres, and Matt
Hayes)
Tossups
1. The Choke Mountains are an important bird-watching area in this country, as is Lake Chew Bahir, which is
located near its southern border. The Danakil desert is shared by this country and its northern neighbor and is home
to the Afar people. Gonder is among its larger cities and is home to castles constructed by Iyasu II, and its city of
Adama was once called Nazareth. This country's Lake Tana is the source of the Blue Nile, and it is involved in the
dispute over the Ogaden region with its eastern neighbor Somalia. For 10 points, name this nation which neighbors
Sudan and has capital Addis Ababa.
ANSWER: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
2. This man wrote about “How Keynes Came to America” in one work, and “The Massive Dissent of Karl Marx” in
another. In addition to Economics, Peace and Laughter and The Age of Uncertainity, he wrote about the economic
development of the Ford Motor Company in “The Imperatives of Technology,” which appears in a work that argues
that classical demand has been subverted by advertising and other methods of corporate planning, while his most
famous work discussed income disparities and coined the term “conventional wisdom.” For 10 points, name this
author of The New Industrial State and The Affluent Society.
ANSWER: John Kenneth Galbraith
3. This man painted a work in two panels which shows the title figures intently discussing about the texts in their
hands and is called The Four Apostles. A lion rests on the floor in the foreground as the title figure stare intently at
his work sitting at a desk in his St. Jerome in His Study. One work depicts an angel sitting on a wheel near a ladder
and dog by the feet of a woman, and also contains an hourglass, a sphere, and a Latin square, while another work a
decrepit figure holds a trident at the bottom left as the titular quartet tramples over some people. For 10 points,
identify this German artist of several woodcuts such as Melancolia I and Four Horseman of the Apocalypse.
ANSWER: Albrecht Durer
4. One of this man’s protagonists sees a giant chrysanthemum that irradiates everything at the exact moment his
father dies, and he wrote a short story in which a young boy named Harelip helps attend to a shot-down black
airman. In one of his novels, a man named Bird desires to flee to Africa instead of facing his handicapped newborn
son. He also wrote a novel in which Mitsusaburo and Takashi return to their great-uncle’s village, in which the
protagonist first thinks of the titular sound when he finds his friend hanged with a cucumber up his anus. For 10
points, name this Japanese author of Nip the Buds, Shoot the Kids, A Personal Matter and The Silent Cry.
ANSWER: Kenzaburo Oe [accept in either order]
5. One of his works contains the movement “The Evil God and the Dance of Pagan Monsters” and a section
depicting the sun god Ala. He evoked the 18th century with a down-bow on the strings and D-minor triad arpeggio
at the start of a symphony created “as Haydn might have written it.” This composer of the Scythian Suite and
Classical Symphony wrote a troika in a work about the advisors of Emperor Paul, who create a fake military hero.
This creator of the Lieutenant Kije Suite wrote a work in which the clarinet plays the cat and the bassoon represents
the Grandfather. For 10 points, name this composer of the ballet Romeo and Juliet and Peter and the Wolf.
ANSWER: Sergei Prokofiev
6. This figure’s sons include Falka, Benig, and another that is met when a son of Gjulki meets Hjaalprek (he-YOLL-
prek). In that story, one of the boldest of this figure’s sons, Grani, refuses to serve Gunnar, and another story claims
that he created the canyon Asbyrgi. Said to have runes carved on his teeth, this character’s birth follows from a bet
for the Sun, the Moon, and the hand of Freya in which Blast claims he can fortify Asgard in a single winter. To do
so, Blast enlists the aid of this character’s father to carry bricks a long way in an instant, and Loki mates with that
animal, resulting in this figure’s birth. For 10 points, name this son of Svadilfari, the eight-legged mount of Odin.
ANSWER: Sleipnir
7. This entity shares its name with one controlled by the astronomer and investigator of mesmerism, Jean Sylvain
Bailly. It saw the execution of General Lecomte, and Marshall MacMahon led a campaign against it that culminated
with a mass execution at the Wall of the Federalists. Its aftermath saw a mass deportation to New Caledonia, and it
was opposed by Adolphe Thiers. Louis-Auguste Blanqui was its nominal leader despite being imprisoned at the
time, and it ended in the “Bloody Week” amidst fierce barricade fighting. Growing out of the Franco-Prussian War,
for 10 points, name this socialist government that held power for two months in 1871 in the French capital.
ANSWER: the Paris Commune
8. This is the second word of the title of a song in which Donovan notes that he’s “just mad about Saffron,” and it
signifies industrial zoning in a certain Maxis series. This type of “kid” was the main character of Richard Outcault’s
Hogan’s Alley, while this kind of fog "rubs its back against the windowpanes" in T.S. Eliot’s "The Love Song of J.
Alfred Prufrock," and tartrazine is known as this “No. 5.” A song of this title notes that “your skin and bones/turn
into something beautiful” and asks the listener to “Look how” the stars “shine for you.” For 10 points, identify the
hue that titles that 2000 Coldplay song, the color of Pikachu, tennis balls, Big Bird, and the sun.
ANSWER: yellow
9. In this novel, Lankes takes a coin from his left pocket and puts it in his right whenever he borrows a cigarette, and
an attendant at the Maritime Museum commits suicide by impaling himself on the mast of the “Niobe” after falling
in love with its wooden figurehead. Vittlar’s testimony inadvertently implicates the protagonist in a murder after he
finds the severed ring finger of Sister Dorothea. The protagonist of this novel plays in “The Onion Cellar” with
Klepp and Scholle in a troupe of dwarves, can shatter glass with his scream, and refuses to grow after age three. For
10 points, name this novel in which Oskar Matzerath refuses to give up the title instrument, by Gunter Grass.
ANSWER: The Tin Drum [or Die Blechtrommel]
10. The Cadiot- Chodkiewicz coupling links two of these in the presence of copper (I) chloride catalyst and a base,
while in a namesake homologation. The Cory-Fuchs reaction generates these from aldehydes, while reacting them
with mercury salt in water yields enols. They can be synthesized by the dehydrohalogenation of vicinal dihalides,
and hydrogenating one of these in the presence of palladium on calcium carbonate “poisoned” with quinilone, also
known as Lindlar’s catalyst. For 10 points, identify this class of compounds, the simplest example of which is
acetylene, characterized by a carbon-carbon triple bond.
ANSWER: alkynes [grudgingly accept acetylenes until mentioned]
11. One of his works claims that twelve categories of human understanding posited in the Critique of Judgment are
reducible to causality. His last work, a set of "stray yet systematically arranged thoughts on a variety of subjects,"
includes sections "On Din and Noise" and "Additional Remarks on the Doctrine of the Suffering of the World."
This author of Parerga and Paralipomena wrote On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, and
another work argues that art tries to represent the Platonic ideal of an object and that works expands Kant’s “Ding an
Sich” to the whole universe. For 10 points, supposed pessimist, the author of The World as Will and Idea.
ANSWER: Arthur Schopenhauer
12. Its creation was presaged by plans written by Malcolm Rorty and James Warburg. A review board chaired by
Clarence Darrow suggested investigation of it by the FTC for monopolistic practices. It promoted a “blanket code”
under its first director, retired army general Hugh S. Johnson. It was decided that the president was given too much
power by its “codes of fair competition” in the Supreme Court case that declared it unconstitutional, Schechter v.
U.S., called the “sick chicken” case. Publicity supporting it featured the slogan “we do our part” and images of a
blue eagle. For 10 points, name this New Deal agency which set maximum working hours and minimum wage.
ANSWER: the NRA [or National Recovery Administration]
13. LepA can reverse this process, and in some organisms, this process sees protein EF-3 utilize ATP to reduce
affinity for the substrate at L1. The characteristic ratcheting mechanism of this process involves GTP hydrolysis by
EF-G, while EF-Tu, which works as a proofreader, also employs GTP to bind the substrate. Beginning with binding
to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes, it sees movement of the substrates through aminoacyl, peptidyl, and
exit sites. This process ends when the nascent peptide is complete and the two subunits dissociate. For 10 points,
name this second step of protein synthesis in which a ribosome reads messenger RNA following transcription.
ANSWER: translation [accept translocation until “EF-Tu”]
14. In this poem’s eighth stanza, a “funeral with plumes and lights” travels “through the silent nights,” and the poem
earlier discusses a place of “Four grey walls and four grey towers” that “overlook a space of flowers / And the silent
isle.” The title character proclaims that she is “half sick of shadows”, and only the “reapers…among the bearded
barley” are able to hear her, though she longs to meet a man who sings “Tirra lira.” The title character cries “The
curse is upon me” after her “mirror cracked from side to side” after she stops weaving when she sees “bold Sir
Lancelot.” For 10 points, name this poem about a woman who is trapped in a castle near Camelot, by Tennyson.
ANSWER: “The Lady of Shalott”
15. This ruler’s reign saw a migration led by Nekrasov during the Bulavin Rebellion as well as the rise to power of
both Count Golovkin and Peter Tolstoi. Vasily Galitzine controlled power for part of this ruler's early reign after one
of two revolts led by this ruler’s half-sister Sophia and the Streltsy, whom this ruler would later disband. This ruler
shared power with his retarded half-brother Ivan until that man’s death, and he had his son Alexei executed. He led
several expeditions against Azov in order to gain a port on the Black Sea, and likewise fought to gain Baltic Sea
possessions from Charles XII. For 10 points, name this victor in the Great Northern War and westernizer of Russia.
ANSWER: Peter the Great [or Peter I]
16. Its name may be compared to the Arabic word “rawiyyah,” and it repeatedly uses the term “hevel.” In matters of
friendship, this book claims that “a new friend is as a new wine: when it is old, thou shalt drink it with pleasure.” Its
closing section, “Advice for the Young,” advises the reader to “Rejoice…in thy youth.” Its author states that “the
heart of the foolish is in the house of mirth,” and notes that there is no new thing “under the sun.” After the author
introduces himself as Qoheleth and declares he is a son of David, he realizes that “Vanity of vanities...all is vanity.”
For 10 points, name this Old Testament book following Proverbs that claims “to everything there is a season.”
ANSWER: Book of Ecclesiastes [accept Qoheleth early; do not accept Ecclesiasticus; prompt on: the Preacher]
17. One group of species in this phylum became hermatypic during the Middle Triassic, and palytoxin was first
isolated from a species in this phylum. The order Rhyzostomea includes organisms with mouths found along their
arms, such as the Cassiopeia. Members of one class possess a tissue called the velarium which aids in locomotion,
and the largest class in this phylum includes sea pansies and sea fans and is called Anthozoa. Members of this
phylum possess a structure called the operculum, within which nematocysts are found, and members go through
both polyp and medusa stages. For 10 points, name this phylum which includes anemones, hydras, and jellyfish.
ANSWER: Cnidarians
18. One of his works depicts a woman with a cage of doves exiting the title place as Jesus smacks a money-changer.
In another of his works, a red-tunic’d Jesus looks towards the sky as several people mock him. In addition to The
Purification of the Temple and Disrobing of Christ, one of his paintings shows John the Baptist extending his arms
as cherubs bring white clothes to several naked figures, and inspired Picasso’s Demoiselles d’Avignon. In addition
to Opening of the Fifth Seal, he painted a dark sky a green hillside on whose top sits the Alcazar, in his painting
View of Toledo. For 10 points, identify this Spanish artist of The Burial of Count Orgaz, originally from Crete.
ANSWER: El Greco [or Domenikos Theotokopolous]
19. One polity involved in this conflict was led for a brief period by the Duke of Caxias, who helped the eventual
winners gain control of Humaita, and it also saw battles fought at Tuyuti while its final battle took place at Cerro
Cora. The turning point of this conflict occurred at the Battle of Riachuelo, a victory for Admiral Barosso in which
the navy of the landlocked aggressor nation, led by the dictator Francisco Solano Lopez, was decimated. For 10
points, name this South American conflict in which a large portion of the Paraguayan male population was killed in
defeat against the namesake group of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay.
ANSWER: War of the Triple Alliance [accept Paraguayan War until Paraguay is mentioned]
20. He wrote about a rock star whose tempted by Azarian and Dr. Pepper, and is later chased by the evil
organization, “The Happy Valley Farm Commune.” That character, Bucky Wunderlick appears in Great Jones
Street, while Keith Neudecker barely escapes the destruction of the Twin Towers in Falling Man, and the prologue
“Pafko at the Wall” about the 1951 National League Pennant starts a novel focusing on Nick Shay. Along with
Underworld, one of his novels centers on a colleague of Murray Jay Siskind, who is addicted to Dylar. For 10
points, name this American author, who wrote about Professor of Hitler Studies, Jack Gladney in White Noise.
ANSWER: Don DeLillo
TB. In analyzing 31 flybys of this body in 1996, scientist found gravitational anomalies in one, providing evidence
for its lumpy interior, while NIMS detected such ocean salts as magnesium sulfate here in 2000, supporting the
theory of an ocean deep below its surface. The Hubble Space Telescope detected a thin ozone around this body, and
one feature of its surface is the Memphis Facula, which is located within a large dark region known as the Galileo
Regio. This body is the only moon in the solar system with a magnetosphere. For 10 points, name this Galilean
moon of Jupiter, the largest in our solar system.
ANSWER: Ganymede
Packet by Penn A (Mehdi Razvi and Chris White)
Bonuses
1. This man coined the term “identity crisis” and his historical works include a psychoanalytic investigation of the
titular protestant leader in Young Man Luther. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Danish-American psychologist who talked about “trust vs. mistrust” and “intimacy vs. isolation” in
his eight stage model of psychosocial development.
ANSWER: Erik Erikson
[10] Erikson also published a historical work looking into the “Origin of Militant Nonviolence” titled for this man’s
Truth. He’s also a hero of the Indian independence movement.
ANSWER: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi [or Mahatma Gandhi]
[10] Erikson characterized the prepubescent years as a struggle between industry and this feeling. Alfred Adler
wrote about a state where feelings of this quality dominate a person’s psyche.
ANSWER: inferiority
2. One painting in this location depicts a guard leaning on a stick as the title character talks to a man in a white robe,
and is titled St. Peter Freed from Prison. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this location which currently such works as Crucifixion of St. Peter and Disputation with Simon Magus
before Emperor Nero by Filippino Lippi and Masolino’s Temptation of Adam and Eve.
ANSWER: the Brancacci Chapel
[10] Most of the paintings of the Brancacci Chapel are attributed to this artist who depicted Distribution of
Communal Goods and the Death of Ananias. He also painted a sobbing Adam and Even in Expulsion from Paradise.
ANSWER: Masaccio [or Tomaso Cassai]
[10] Masaccio also painted this work composed of three scenes. St. Peter fetches a fish from the left; Jesus describes
how the titular tax is to be paid in the center; and Peter gives said tax to a dude in orange on the right.
ANSWER: The Tribute Money
3. Answer the following about a popular pastime in eighteenth-century Europe, meddling with other nations' royal
families, for 10 points each.
[10] Also known as the Potato War because of a concurrent grain shortage, this 1778-1779 conflict saw fighting
over who should follow Maximillian Joseph as Duke of the namesake region and was settled by the Congress of
Teschen.
ANSWER: War of the Bavarian Succession
[10] The Pragmatic Sanction was supposed to prevent inheritance problems within Hapsburg holdings, but Frederic
the Great invaded the namesake nation in 1840 anyway, starting this war ended by the Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle.
ANSWER: War of the Austrian Succession
[10] Frederick Augustus II of Saxony became king of the disputed country at the end of this war, while Stanislaw I
was again forced to give up his crown, this time in return for Dukedom in Lorraine.
ANSWER: War of the Polish Succession
4. The gel permeation type is useful for separating folded proteins from unfolded ones because folded proteins have
a more compact structure and thus stay in the column matrix longer. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this general technique for separating mixtures whereby a mobile phase is passed over a stationary phase
which has varying affinities for the mixture’s components.
ANSWER: chromatography
[10] This type of chromatography is useful for separating molecules based on Coulombic interactions. The
stationary phase holds charged groups that attract oppositely charged groups in the mobile phase.
ANSWER: ion exchange chromatography [accept anion exchange or cation exchange for those not listening]
[10] When performing liquid chromatography with proteins or nucleic acids, it is often convenient to run the eluate
through one of a device that measures the spectrum of this type of radiation, which is in the 200-600 nanometer
range.
ANSWER: UV [or ultraviolet; accept UV-vis spectrophotometer; or ultraviolet-visual spec]
5. Roxanne schemes to marry the lover of Atalide to dethrone the sultan in his play Bajazet. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this French playwright, who wrote about Oenone and Hippolytus in his play Phédre.
ANSWER: Jean Racine
[10] Nero persecutes the titular son of Claudius because they both love Junia in this Racine play.
ANSWER: Britannicus
[10] Racine adapted Euripides' last play about this the sacrifice of this title character, Agamemnon's daughter, before
the Trojan War. It is named after this woman "In Aulis," and was later made into a Christoph Gluck opera.
ANSWER: Iphigenia [or Iphigenia in Aulis; or Iphigenia at Aulis; or Iphigenie en Aulide]
6. It has been called “the most beautiful experiment in biology.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this experiment, where E. coli grown first in N-15 medium and then in N-14 medium showed two
discrete bands across several generations during the centrifugation.
ANSWER: Meselson-Stahl experiment
[10] The Meselson-Stahl showed that the replication of this molecule is a semi-conservative process, where one
strand of this acts as a template for the synthesis of another.
ANSWER: DNA [or deoxyribonucleic acid]
[10] All or nothing, the Meselson-Stahl experiment confirmed the model of DNA replication proposed by these two
scientists, who also proposed the double helix structure for DNA.
ANSWER: Francis Crick and James Watson
7. On this day, all able Muslims are expected to pay an extra zakat which is distributed to the poor, and the Takbir is
recited along with a special optional prayer. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this holiday marking the end of a month of fasting.
ANSWER: Eid ul-Fitr [prompt on Eid]
[10] Eid ul-Fitr commemorates the end of this ninth month of the Islamic calendar, which falls between Shabaan and
Shawwal.
ANSWER: Ramadan [accept Ramazan or Ramzaan]
[10] Occurring about seventy days after Eid ul-Fitr, the Eid ul-Adha celebration recognizes Abraham’s willingness
to sacrifice this son of his, the half-brother of Isaac and product of the union between Abraham and Hagar.
ANSWER: Ishmael [or Yisma’el; or Isma’il]
8. It preceded the Manchu dynasty. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this dynasty founded by the Hongwu emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, which is perhaps best known for its
porcelain vases. It lasted from 1368 from 1644.
ANSWER: Ming dynasty
[10] Le Loi, who drove out the Mings from this modern day country, founded the Le dynasty here in the 1430s. It
fought a war against France, which resulted in French defeat at Dien Bien Phu.
ANSWER: Vietnam
[10] From 1405 to 1433, this explorer dude led seven expeditions to various places southwest of China such as the
Southeast Asian countries and Africa. Various sources suggest that his fleet was huge and awwwesome.
ANSWER: Zheng He [or Cheng Ho]
9. You are Bob Jones, a traveler visiting some Brazilian cities. Identify some of them, for 10 points each.
[10] First, you land at the Eduardo Gomes International Airport in this city, the capital of the Amazonas province,
which lies at the confluence of the Rio Negro and the Amazon.
ANSWER: Manaus
[10] You then go to this city to watch its Futebol Club win the 3rd Brazilian Championship in a row at the Estadio
Morumbi. Alternatively, you can take a cruise on the Tiete River, and have a feijoada at a restaurant. Or, you can
simply get lost in this largest city in the southern hemisphere. You are Bob Jones; the possibilities are endless!
ANSWER: São Paulo
[10] You make your last stop in this city designed by Oscar Neimeyer, and take a tour of the Congresio Nacional
and other monuments along the Eixo Monumental. Or, you can simply enjoy the nightlife in this capital of Brazil.
ANSWER: Brasilia
10. The Dulong Petit law states that for solids at room temperature, the molar form of quantity is approximately
equal to 3 times the universal gas constant times temperature. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this quantity, symbolized capital C, which is defined as the amount of energy needed to the
temperature of a gram of an object by one degree, typically measured in Joules per gram-Kelvin.
ANSWER: specific heat capacity [prompt on heat capacity]
[10] This unit, equivalent to 4.184 J, is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by
one degree Celsius.
ANSWER: calorie
[10] Like Einstein, this Dutch scientist’s work on heat capacity gave rise to a model based on phonons, which
worked well at low temperatures. He is also the namesake of the unit of the dipole moment.
ANSWER: Peter Joseph William Debye [or Pieter Josephus Wilhelmus Debye]
11. This man created a song cycle based on Verlaine’s collection La Bonne Chanson. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this French composer of the operas Prometheus and Penelope, who is best known for a work that omits
the “Dies Ire” section. He also composed his Opus 50, a Pavane.
ANSWER: Gabriel Faure
[10] Faure is best-known for his version of this type of composition, which omits the “Dies Irae” section. Franz
Sussmayer finished the one that Mozart left incomplete at his death.
ANSWER: a Requiem
[10] Faure also taught Nadia Boulanger, who went on to teach this American who composed Billy the Kid and
Appalachian Spring.
ANSWER: Aaron Copland
12. This son of Pelops became king of Mycenae when Zeus made the sun rise in the west and set in the east for him.
For 10 points each:
[10] Name this man, the father of Agamemnon and Menelaus.
ANSWER: Atreus
[10] This son of Thyestes was ordered to kill his father but instead orchestrated the murder of his uncle, Atreus. He
also had an affair with Clytemnestra and helped her kill Agamemnon on his return from Troy.
ANSWER: Aegisthus
[10] Atreus’ grandfather was this king, who angered the gods by killing his son Pelops and attempting to serve him
to them. His punishment was to stand neck-deep in water with fruit hanging just out of reach.
ANSWER: Tantalus
13. In the play in which he appears, this character offers to travel to Asia to fetch a single toothpick “rather than hold
three words’ conference with this harpy.” For 10 points each:
[10] Name this lord, who is referring to his eventual love interest Beatrice in that line.
ANSWER: Benedick
[10] Benedick pursues Beatrice in this Shakespeare play in which the villain Don John sends Borachio to disrupt the
courtship of Claudio and Hero.
ANSWER: Much Ado About Nothing
[10] Shakespeare also wrote this poem that supplemented a work by Robert Chester. It is about the foibles of ideal
love, and one of its title creatures is a type of dove, not a reptile with a shell.
ANSWER: “The Phoenix and the Turtle”
14. This property is notably not possessed by the harmonic series one plus one half, plus one third, plus one fourth…
and so on. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this property possessed by a series such as the infinite geometric series, whose partial sums reach
toward a specific number.
ANSWER: convergence [accept word forms]
[10] Every convergent sequence, wherein beyond some value of n, adjacent elements of become closer and closer
together is named for this French mathematician who also names an inequality along with Schwartz.
ANSWER: Cauchy sequence
[10] For a function f of x that lies between functions h and g, if the limits of h and g both approach L as x
approaches a, then f of x also approaches L as x approaches a according to this theorem.
ANSWER: squeeze theorem [or pinching theorem; or sandwich theorem]
15. It consisted of the battles of Freeman’s Farm and Bemis Heights, and it saw some heroics from Benedict Arnold,
who was wounded in the action. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Revolutionary War battle, a defeat for Burgoyne in eastern New York.
ANSWER: Battle of Saratoga
[10] This man commanded the American forces at Saratoga. Later, his forces would be destroyed by Cornwallis at
the Battle of Camden.
ANSWER: Horatio Gates
[10] Also commanding American forces at Saratoga was this Daniel Morgan, who routed Banastre Tarleton at this
battle in South Carolina.
ANSWER: Battle of Cowpens
16. This Penn State grad was signed in 2006 to provide an upgrade to the New York's linebacking corps, but the
only thing he managed to bring during his one season with the Giants was a love of cartoons. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this former Washington Redskin who, when asked about the state of the Giants' defense, noted that
"Voltron still hasn't formed yet... I can only imagine what we will be once we get everybody out there."
ANSWER: LaVar RaShad Arrington
[10] Though Arrington may be gone, defensive end Justin Tuck has carried his legacy forward, recently admitting
on national television that he loved this show enough to "run around the yard saying, 'By the power of Grayskull!'"
ANSWER: He-Man and the Masters Of The Universe
[10] Not content with cartoon references, Justin Tuck and Derrick Ward have both claimed credit for identifying
Ward and his fellow backs Ahmad Bradshaw and Brandon Jacobs as this 70s funk band known for "Shining Star".
ANSWER: Earth, Wind, and Fire
17. This man’s final novel, Virgin Soil, features Solomin, who is meant to be a positive hero embodying
industriousness in the face of Russia becoming westernized. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author of Diary of a Superfluous Man and Rudin, who featured Sanin, a landowner working in a
pastry shop to be close to a love interest, in his Torrents of Spring.
ANSWER: Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev
[10] Turgenev may be most famous for this work, in which the nihilist Bazarov is rejected by Anna Odintsova. He
ends up contracting typhus while performing an autopsy, and Anna remains with him in his last moments.
ANSWER: Fathers and Sons [or Ottsy i Deti; accept Fathers and Children or other equivalents in place of “Sons”]
[10] Including “District Doctor”, “Lgov”, and “Raspberry Spring”, this set of short stories by Turgenev was written
while hunting at his family’s estate.
ANSWER: A Sportsman’s Sketches [or The Hunting Sketches or Sketches from a Hunter’s Album]
18. He depicted a morose girl with a fan in her hand standing near a fireplace staring at her reflection in Symphony
in White No. 2. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this artist better known for a portrait of Thomas Carlyle, and a work depicting fireworks at Cremorn,
subtitled The Falling Rocket.
ANSWER: James Abbott McNeill Whistler
[10] Whistler is better known for this painting which depicts a woman dressed in black resting her feet on a stool. A
black curtain can be seen to the left and on the wall hangs a landscape painting.
ANSWER: Portrait of Whistler’s Mother [or Arrangement in Gray and Black: The Artist’s Mother; or
Arrangement in Gray and Black, No. 1]
[10] Whistler is also known for painting this room for Frederick Leyland, which included a lot of porcelain-ware, as
well as one of whistler’s paintings. It is named for the birds depicted on one of its walls, which are fighting.
ANSWER: peacock room
19. The protagonist marries Enid Royce and learns a love of music among the Ehrlichs. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Pulitzer Prize-winning novel in which Claude Wheeler escapes his Christian upbringing to fight in
World War I.
ANSWER: One of Ours
[10] One of Ours was written by this American author of Sapphira and the Slave Girl, Lucy Gayheart, and Death
Comes for the Archbishop.
ANSWER: Willa Sibert Cather
[10] This work, along with My Ántonia and O Pioneers!, appears in Cather’s Prairie Trilogy. In it, Thea Kronborg,
who is supported by Dr. Archie, leaves Colorado to become an opera star, eventually marrying Fred Ottenburg and
securing her dream job in Dresden.
ANSWER: The Song of the Lark
20. This work discusses the development of the master and slave consciousness. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this 1807 work that talks about “The Certainty and Truth of Reason” and “The Truth of Self-Certainty”
in a search for absolute knowledge.
ANSWER: Phenomenology of the Spirit (accept Phänomenologie des Geistes)
[10] The Phenomenology of the Spirit is written by this German philosopher, who also penned The Science of Logic.
ANSWER: Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
[10] Hegel broke up the title concept into three spheres, the abstract, the moral, and the ethical life. This work was a
critique of von Haller’s The Restoration of the Science of the State.
ANSWER: Elements of the Philosophy of Right [or Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts]
21. A shipment of arms from Germany was intercepted in the days leading up to it, and it led to the execution of
such figures as Roger Casement and Tom Clarke. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Irish rebellion of 1916, named for the holiday on which it began.
ANSWER: Easter Rising [or Easter Rebellion]
[10] This man served as spokesman for the rebellion, and he gave both the orders for it to begin and for the final
surrender. He was executed by firing squad like co-leader James Connolly.
ANSWER: Patrick Pearse
[10] This man also took part in the Easter Rebellion. As the IRA Director of Intelligence, he was a leader of the
Irish War of Independence, and he signed the unpopular Anglo-Irish Treaty.
ANSWER: Michael Collins
Packet by UCLA A (Buchanan, Mik Larsen, Ray Luo, and Jay Turetzky), Missouri State (Jason Loy and Phil
George), and J.S. Reynolds (George Berry, Dan Goff, Matt Morrison, Gautham Premkumar)
Tossups
1. In one of his works, a priest who had been falsely accused of rape dies after rushing into a burning house to save
the accuser’s baby, revealing that the priest was a woman. In addition to “The Martyr,” he wrote about a robber who
tries to climb out of hell using the title object in “The Spider’s Thread.” In one work the protagonist of one work is
horrified to discover his daughter had been placed in a burning carriage that he had requested to inspire the title
artwork, while in another of his works a servant is angered to find a beggar woman pulling out hairs from corpses to
make wigs at the title gate. For 10 points, name this Japanese author, who wrote “Hell Screen” and “Rashomon.”
ANSWER: Ryunosuke Akutagawa [accept in either order]
2. Zipporah placed the central object of this action on Moses’s feet, and God commanded Joshua to do his en masse
at Gilgal. One notable incident of this action is celebrated on a January 1 feast day in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Genesis 17:10 is an important scriptural source about this action, and is usually interpreted as ordaining normally
forbidden action on the Sabbath. This practice is alternatively referred to as Taharah in Arabic, and is usually called
Tihan. Known as a bris milah in Judaism, it takes place on the eighth day after birth. For 10 points, name this
action, that when performed on Jesus, resulted in the Holy Prepuce’s formation.
ANSWER: circumcision
3. The Sagnac effect was discovered in an experiment which built upon this experiment and disproved the "ballistic
theory." One experiment very similar to it used varying lengths of an object to show that the time difference is
constant, thus falsifying the Fitzgerald-Lorentz hypothesis. The apparatus used in it was placed on a marble slab
which was rotated in mercury to allow for all orientations of a certain "wind" to equally affect the outcome, and one
of its namesakes developed the interferometer used in this experiment. For 10 points, identify this experiment, which
showed no change in the velocity of light due to ether drift, and thus debunked the theory of the luminiferous ether.
ANSWER: the Michelson-Morley experiment
4. Prior to this event, one party sent an envoy to the Minor Consiglio in the hopes of avoiding the battle. One wing
of the eventual victors was commanded by Agustino Barbarigo. This battle occurred two months after the fall of
Famagusta and Miguel de Cervantes’ left arm was amputated as a result of wounds sustained in this battle.
Occurring near the Gulf of Corinth, it saw the forces from the flagship Real successfully boarded the Sultana and
killed Ottoman commander Ali Pasha. For 10 points, name this naval victory for the Holy League led by Don Juan,
which halted westward expansion of the Ottoman empire.
ANSWER: Battle of Lepanto
5. The title character of this novel forces Abel Whittle to come to work without his pants to punish him for tardiness,
and later he is infuriated when the carnival he planned is rained out while the indoor dance organized by his rival is
a success. Jopp accidentally reveals the content of secret letters, which leads to the town organizing a parade
featuring effigies of the title character and his lover Lucetta Templeton, and eventually the title character’s step-
daughter Elizabeth-Jane marries his rival Donald Farfrae. Elizabeth is sold to a sailor for five guineas, in, for 10
points, this novel about Michael Henchard by Thomas Hardy.
ANSWER: The Mayor of Casterbridge
6. This figure was a close analog of the wind god Ehecatl. Cihuacoatl aided him in grinding up the bones of older
races to begin the fifth age of mankind, and this deity either disappeared on a raft of snakes or got exiled by his rival.
He jumped onto a funeral pyre, causing his heart to become the morning star, after being tricked by Tezcatlipoca.
Often conflated with the Mayan Kukulcan, this god's twin brother was the dog-headed skeletal psychopomp Xolotl
(sho-LOT-tul), and he was the son of either Coatlicue by herself or Mixcoatl and Xochiquetzal (sho-chi-KET-zal).
For 10 points, name this Atzec sky god, often depicted as a plumed serpent, not to be confused with Hernan Cortes.
ANSWER: Quetzalcoatl [accept Quetzalcohuatl; don't accept “Quetzalcoatlus” because that's a pterosaur]
7. This man wrote about the pursuit of social honor in “Class, Status, Party,” and he defined a state as an entity with
a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force in “Politics as Vocation.” He wrote about “The Arena of
Normative and De Facto Powers” in a work often identified as a revision of Marxism, Economy and Society. He
discussed a certain people’s concept of “calling” in a work which also talks about asceticism and posits a link based
on the need for worldly success to justify predestination. For 10 points, name this man who argued that Calvinism is
tied to economic success, the German author of The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
ANSWER: Max Weber
8. Its artist also depicted his father listening to a musician playing a violin in an After Dinner party at the titular
location. A skull lies by the feet of one of the two oddly dressed figures at this painting's center, whose clothes are
from the French Revolution. One figure kneels on his right knee and stares at a choirboy, and another figure staring
at the viewer holds a crucifix. Two clergymen in the center are dressed in red, and a dog stands to the center right as
several people walking in an S-shaped line are depicted dressed in mourning. For 10 points, identify this gigantic
painting depicting a funeral, a work of Gustave Courbet
ANSWER: Burial at Ornans [or A Painting of Human Figures, the History of a Burial at Ornans; or Un
Enterrement à Ornans; accept Interment at Ornans; or Funeral at Ornans; or other synonyms for “burial”]
9. This work received its current name from violinist Johann Peter Salomon. A passage in its opening Allegro vivace
movement echoes the composer’s earlier “Voi siete un po tondo,” while the opening theme of its final movement is
identical to the opening in the finale of Haydn’s thirteenth Symphony. Highlights of the Andante Cantabile
movement include a lyric bassoon solo, and the final movement ends with a blaze of trumpets and timpani that leads
a double fugue, which culminates into a famous five-theme canon. For 10 points, identify this final symphony by
Mozart with an Olympian name.
ANSWER: the Jupiter Symphony [accept Mozart’s Symphony No. 41; or K551]
10. One type of bodies found in these were identified by the fusion of RAR alpha with PML proteins in
promyelocytic leukemia patients. Pores in its membrane are made of proteins rich in phenylalanine and glycine
residues, and import into and export out of this structure requires karyopherins, and is regulated by Ran proteins.
Cajal bodies are also found in this organelle, which can be visualized by Hoechst or DAPI staining. The rough
endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with its double membrane, and it is the location of mRNA splicing as well as
DNA transcription. For 10 points, name this organelle which contains chromatin that is only found in eukaryotes.
ANSWER: nucleus
11. This man sent troops to deal with the Spanish capture of Casale, and refused to sign the treaty of Regensburg.
He followed the theory of Antoine de Montchrestein, enacting the Code Michaud for regulation of trade.
Buckingham failed to stop this man’s siege of La Rochelle, and this man withstood one conspiracy led by Gaston
d'Orleans and Cinq-Mars, while another, the Day of the Dupes, resulted in him winning a power struggle over Marie
de’ Medici. For 10 points, name this man who formulated policy during the Thirty Years' War, a minister to Louis
XIII and priest known as “The Red Eminence.”
ANSWER: Cardinal Richelieu [or Armand-Jean du Plessis de Richelieu, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu]
12. One section of this work argues that conjugal love is appreciated for its continuity and repetition, qualities that
separate it from the endless present experienced by people described in the earlier section, "Crop Rotation." It uses
Nathan's parable addressed to David to illustrate the necessity of this work’s central discourse, and after sections
titled "Shadowgraphs" and "The Unhappiest One," this work discusses the wooing and subsequent breaking of the
engagement to Cordelia by Johannes Climacus in "The Seducer's Diary." Compiled by Victor Eremita, for 10 points,
name this work that distinguishes between the aesthetic and ethical stages of life, by Soren Kierkegaard.
ANSWER: Either/Or [or Enten-Eller]
13. His first acting job was in 1968's With Six You Get Eggroll, playing Herbie Fleck. He won a Grammy for the
album FM and AM, and was nominated two years later for Occupation: Foole, which closed with a bit adapted from
his earlier album Class Clown. This first host of Saturday Night Live played Rufus in Bill & Ted’s Excellent
Adventure and more recently portrayed Cardinal Ignatius Glick in Dogma. His written works include Brain
Droppings and Napalm and Silly Putty. For 10 points, name this comedian who provoked a Supreme Court Ruling
on the "Seven Dirty Words” and passed away from heart failure in June 2008.
ANSWER: George Denis Patrick Carlin
14. In one of this author’s novels Culla, abandons his sister Rinthy’s incestuous child in a forest, and in another book
the witch “Mother She” is consulted by the giant Abnego Jones and Cornelius has left his family to live in a
houseboat in McAnally Flats. Along with Outer Dark and Suttree, he wrote one novel in which Captain Glanton
leads a party of scalp hunters in which “the boy” meets the villainous Judge Holden, while in another of his novels
Llewelyn Moss is tracked by the bounty hunter Anton Chigurh. For 10 points, name this author who wrote All the
Pretty Horses, Blood Meridian, and No Country for Old Men.
ANSWER: Cormac McCarthy [or Charles McCarthy]
15. The night before this battle, the victors were able to land behind and take Vergor’s camp at the L’Anse-au-
Foulon, bypassing forces led by Levis and Vaudreuil. The battle itself lasted less than an hour, with two extremely
effective musket volleys devastating the advancing French line. Afterwards, the French retreated over the St.
Charles River to regroup under Bougainville, leaving the victors free to besiege the city. It resulted in the death of
both commanders: for the French, the Marquis de Montcalm, and for the British, James Wolfe. For 10 points, name
this battle of the French and Indian War which occurred on a plateau near Quebec.
ANSWER: Battle of the Plains of Abraham [or Battle of the Heights of Abraham; prompt on Battle of Quebec]
16. One variety of them formed from secondary imines such as pyrimidine are named for Zincke. Two equivalents
of these compounds yield a carboxylic acid and a primary alcohol in a disproportion reaction named for Cannizaro.
They are characterized by an NMR shift of about 9 to 10 ppm, and their oxidation in the presence of a diamine-
silver complex yields a “silver mirror” in the Tollens test. For 10 points, identify this functional group which
features a carbon double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydrogen atom, exemplified by methanal
and ethanal.
ANSWER: aldehyde
17. One of this nation's cities celebrates the Palo de Mayo festival and another city contains the tamarind tree of the
Sutiaba and the cathedral of Benito de Baltondano. In addition to Bluefields and Leon, this country includes the Islas
de Maiz to the east, the Tipitapa River which joins its two large lakes, and the Cordillera Isabella to the north. The
San Juan River forms a part of the southern border of this nation, whose city of Puerto Cabezas is found in a region
named for an insect. For 10 points, name this Central American country, home to the Mosquito coast, that lies
between Costa Rica and Honduras with capital at Managua.
ANSWER: Nicaragua
18. With Harvey Carr this man explored the importance of “kinaestheic sensations” in rats running a maze, causing
them to run into a wall in his kerplunk experiment, and he argued that thinking was a form of “sub vocal speaking.”
Author of a work subtitled “An Introduction to Comparative Psychology,” he worked in advertising late in life and
is credited with inventing the coffee break. With Rosalie Rayner he performed an experiment that involved making
loud noises, resulting in a young boy growing afraid of furry white things, especially a rat. For 10 points, identify
this performer of the Little Albert experiment, the founder of behaviorism.
ANSWER: John Broadus Watson
19. The title character of this novel is rebuked by a judge when he unsuccessfully attempts to acquit a peasant, who
he knows is guilty of murder. The title character encounters a crazy man, who is gathering nosegays for his
imaginary mistress after resigning from a position assisting an ambassador that Wilhelm had acquired for him. After
an intimate reading of Ossian’s poetry ends badly when one character locks herself in her room, the title character
borrows two pistols from Albert to commit suicide over his unrequited love for Charlotte. For 10 points, name this
novel, which inspired a series of copycat suicides, written by Goethe.
ANSWER: The Sorrows of Young Werther [or Die Leiden des Jungen Werther]
20. Joseph Addison’s The Late Tryal and Conviction of Count Tariff was critical of this agreement‘s attached Treaty
of Commerce, which would have violated the Methuen Treaty but was voted down by Whig opposition. Victor
Amadeus II of Savoy gained Sicily in this treaty, though he was forced to exchange it for Sardinia after the soon-
following War of the Quadruple Alliance. Britain acquired Newfoundland and Gibraltar, as well as the lucrative
right to slave trade in the Spanish colonies, while Austria gained the Spanish Netherlands. For 10 points, name this
treaty which recognized Philip of Anjou as the new Philip V of Spain, ending the War of the Spanish Succession.
ANSWER: Peace/Treaty of Utrecht
TB. Objects in this region with roughly circular orbits whose plane is approximately that of the ecliptic are called
“cubewanos,” and their distribution follows an inverse quartic relationship with distance. The area at the 1:2 orbital
resonance is known as its namesake “cliff” and occurs at about 50 AU, while TL66 was the first “scattered” object
found in it. It is the region where Varuna, Eris, and Charon are found, and it was thought to be the area where short-
period comets originate. For 10 points, name this area which lies beyond Neptune’s orbit, and is named for a Dutch-
American scientist.
ANSWER: Edgeworth-Kuiper belt
Packet by UCLA A (Buchanan, Mik Larsen, Ray Luo, and Jay Turetzky), Missouri State (Jason Loy and Phil
George), and J.S. Reynolds (George Berry, Dan Goff, Matt Morrison, Gautham Premkumar)
Bonuses
1. A coat hangs on a wall by one of the figures, and a giant red sign can be seen through a window. For 10 points
each:
[10] Identify this painting wherein a kettle is found on a table where two almost doppelganger-like women are
seated, possibly conversing over the titular food.
ANSWER: Chop Suey
[10] The painting features empty streets late one evening, and the only light comes from the gathering of the titular
group in a diner, with an advertisement for Phillies cigarettes.
ANSWER: Nighthawks
[10] Both Chop Suey and Nighthawks are works by this American artist who painted an empty street in Early Sunday
Morning and a secretary rummaging through a file drawer as a man stares at some papers in Office at Night.
ANSWER: Edward Hopper
2. Among this religion’s holy figures are Sun-Yat Sen and Victor Hugo. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Vietnamese syncretic religion.
ANSWER: Dao Cao Dai [or Dai Dao Tam Ky Pho Do; or Great religion of the third period of revelation and
salvation]
[10] Cao Dai venerates Confucius, Guan Yu, and this guy among others. This man spiced up the wedding at Cana
by making some wine out of water, and knew how to make a few fish and loaves go a long way.
ANSWER: Jesus Christ [accept clear equivalents]
[10] Cao Dai believes in a male mother one of these figures. The most famous of them underwent the “Great
Passing,” after which his tooth was taken to a shrine in the Kingdom of Kandy on Sri Lanka.
ANSWER: Buddhas [prompt on Siddhartha; or Gautama; or both, if someone is confused]
3. Identify some assorted theorems from mathematics, for 10 points each.

[10] This theorem states that every polynomial equation of degree n with complex coefficients has at least one
complex solution, and has at most n distinct roots.
ANSWER: The fundamental theorem of Algebra
[10] This theorem linking trigonometry and complex numbers states, for any integer n and complex number x, (cos
x + i sin x) raised to the n = cos (nx) + i sin (nx). It is named for a Frenchman.
ANSWER: DeMoivre's Theorem
[10] This theorem states that the product of the diagonals AC and BD of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to AB times
CD plus AD times BC. It generalizes to the Pythagorean theorem if the quadrilateral is a rectangle.
ANSWER: Ptolemy’s theorem
4. Late in life he attempted to form an alliance with former enemy Ludwig Windthorst, angering Wilhelm II. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this “Iron Chancellor” who thought that “blood and iron” were pretty swell.
ANSWER: Otto von Bismarck
[10] Wanting to grab those appealing French lands but not appear an aggressor in doing it, Bismarck released an
edited form of this document to provoke the French into declaring war themselves.
ANSWER: Ems Dispatch [or Ems Telegram]
[10] Part of Bismarck’s Kulturkampf were these laws issued by education minister Adalbert Falk that placed
restrictions on clerical appointments and training.
ANSWER: May Laws [disgustedly prompt on Falk Laws]
5. His works with literary inspiration include Music for a Scene from Shelley, Andromache’s Farewell, and Prayers
of Kierkegaard. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this American composer, who wrote about a woman, who waits for her lover to return after twenty years
apart, but instead falls in love with his returning son Anatol in the opera Vanessa.
ANSWER: Samuel Barber
[10] This Barber work was first conducted by Toscanini and is reportedly inspired by a passage by a passage from
Virgil’s Georgics. It is often played at funerals and memorial services.
ANSWER: Adagio for Strings
[10] Barber was a frequent collaborator with this fellow composer, who helped him revise Antony and Cleopatra
and wrote the libretto for Vanessa. His operas include The Consul and Amahl and the Night Visitors.
ANSWER: Gian Carlo Menotti
6. Identify the about the poem "Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law." For 10 points each:
[10] "Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law" is written by this feminist poet, who included the poems “The
Phenomenology of Anger” and “The Ninth Symphony of Beethoven Understood at Last as a Sexual Message” in her
collection Diving into the Wreck.
ANSWER: Adrienne Rich
[10] In the third snapshot, two handsome women are "gripped in argument," screaming "ma semblable, ma soeur," a
quote from this poet's "Au Lecteur." He also wrote Fleurs du Mal.
ANSWER: Charles Baudelaire
[10] In the ninth snapshot, a woman's preaching is not "done well, but that it is done at all" is surprising, a remark
attributed to this compiler of the Dictionary of the English Language whose biographer was James Boswell.
ANSWER: Samuel Johnson
7. It is alternatively called the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway. For 10 points each:

[10] Identify this pathway occurring in the cytosol that yields two molecules of pyruvate, two of NADH, and two of
ATP per molecule of glucose.
ANSWER: glycolysis
[10] ATP inhibits the second enzyme in glycolysis, which is involved in the isomerization of the glucose
intermediate to an intermediate of this hexose sugar.
ANSWER: fructose
[10] The glycolytic pathway contains four types of these enzymes, which phosphorylate their substrate using a
phosphate group from ATP and such. Ones with phosphorylate tyrosine residues are really important.
ANSWER: kinase
8. According to one story, this figure was imprisoned under a hawthorn tree after giving all his magical secrets to
Ninive, with whom he had fallen in love. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this wise man from Arthurian myth, the creator of the Round Table.
ANSWER: Merlinus Ambrosius
[10] Merlin aided this man, who took his surname after seeing a comet, in winning his wife Igraine from his rival
Gorlois. With Igraine, this man conceived the future King Arthur.
ANSWER: Uther Pendragon [accept Uthr Bendragon or Uthyr Pendraeg]
[10] This woman, Igraine’s daughter by either Uther or Gorlois, was eventually killed by her son Gaheris after she
slept with Sir Lamorak. Her other children include Gareth and Gawain and, with Arthur, Mordred.
ANSWER: Morgause [accept Anna]
9. Answer these questions about the foremost legal battle of the French Third Republic, for 10 points each.
[10] This Jewish artillery officer was unanimously convicted of espionage charges in a military court in December
1894 and sentenced to life on Devil's Island.
ANSWER: Captain Alfred Dreyfus
[10] The evidence eventually presented this rakish Austrian major in the French military of being the actual seller of
military secrets to the Germans. He was acquitted in a court-martial.
ANSWER: Major Marie-Charles-Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy
[10] This French socialist leader and cofounder of the newspaper L'Humanite campaigned hard for Revision with his
book Les Preuves; backlash from it cost him his seat in the Chamber of Deputies.
ANSWER: Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Leon Jaures
10. He wrote about the book dealer Yambo, who loses his autobiographical memory and must rebuild life through
printed ephemera in The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this Italian author, who penned The Island of the Day Before and wrote about William of Baskerville’s
murder investigation at a Benedictine monastery in The Name of the Rose.
ANSWER: Umberto Eco
[10] The title hero of this book is an Italian peasant, who charms Frederick Barbarossa and sets out on a quest to find
the legendary Prester John.
ANSWER: Baudolino
[10] This 1989 Eco novel involves three editors creating a faux conspiracy using a computer capable of making
connections between disparate information. It is named for a device that shows the rotation of the earth.
ANSWER: Foucault's Pendulum [or Il Pendolo di Foucault]
11. Name the following about leaders of the protestant reformation, for 10 points each.
[10] This man wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion and preached the doctrine of predestination. His followers
were centered in Geneva.
ANSWER: John Calvin
[10] This man debated Martin Luther at the Marburg Colloquy, arguing that the Eucharist only represents the blood
and body of Christ. He preached in Zurich.
ANSWER: Huldrych Zwingli
[10] Thomas Muntzer split with Martin Luther over the issues of infant baptism and real presence, and became a
leader of this conflict before being captured at Frankenhausen and decapitated.
ANSWER: the German Peasants’ War [or Deutscher Bauemkrieg]
12. After his appointment to City College in New York was annulled by the courts, the main source of his income
was a series of lectures given at the Barnes Foundation in Pennsylvania, History of Western Philosophy. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this philosopher, who discusses the definite descriptions of fictional names such as Apollo in his essay
“On Denoting” and he also wrote The Analysis of Mind and “What I Believe.”
ANSWER: Bertrand Russell
[10] Russell co-authored this three-volume work with Alfred North Whitehead on the logical foundations of the
titular discipline.
ANSWER: Principia Mathematica [or Principles of Mathematics]
[10] Russell examines the cosmological and teleological arguments in this scathing essay in which he claims
“Religion is based . . . primarily and mainly upon fear.”
ANSWER: Why I am Not a Christian
13. Saul, a friend of the question writer's, happens to be a paparazzo. Let's use a few of his myriads of incidents with
celebs to illustrate a few legal terms, for 10 points each.
[10] After taking photos of a certain cast member of a popular HBO drama on the beach, Saul was tackled from
behind. Upon arrival of the police, the actor was charged with these two crimes involving both intent to cause bodily
harm, and actual physical contact. Name them, all or nothing.
ANSWER: assault and battery
[10] Saul's camera was also taken by theactor. Saul would be able to use this type of action, whose name is derived
from the Old French for "to pledge", to force the return of his camera.
ANSWER: replevin
[10] Again on the beach, Saul was taking photos of a certain "colorful" singer, who began to chase him and yell that
he was "ruining her life." Had said singer published her outburst, Saul could have sued her for this type of
defamation, typically involving oral statements intended to harm someone's reputation.
ANSWER: slander
14. Name the following about a family found in the works of William Faulkner. For 10 points each:
[10] This mentally handicapped character loves his sister Caddie and narrates the first section of The Sound and the
Fury.
ANSWER: Benjamin “Benjy” Compson [prompt on Compson]
[10] Thomas Sutpen cheats some Indians out of a hundred acres in this Faulkner novel that is narrated by Quentin
Compson and also features Rosa Coldfield and Charles Bon.
ANSWER: Absalom, Absalom!
[10] The Compson family lives in Jefferson, the seat of this fictional Mississippi county that is the setting of many
works by Faulkner.
ANSWER: Yoknapatawpha County
15. Identify some things from geology for 10 points each.

[10] This diagram has a continuous and discontinuous branch, and shows the type of igneous rock which will be
formed at a given temperature.
ANSWER: Bowen’s Reaction Series
[10] This type of magnesium silicate rock is found at the top of the discontinuous branch of the Bowen series. It is a
magnesium, and peridot is a purer variety of it that used in gemstones.
ANSWER: olivine
[10] This class of mineral is known for its perfect basal cleavage. Biotite and Muscovite are examples of these
minerals.
ANSWER: micas
16. Identify some French sculptors, for 10 points each.

[10] This man, who used the pseudonym “Amilcar Hasenfratz” for some of his paintings, is more famous for his
gigantic bronze Liberty Enlightening the World, which can be found in New York Harbor.
ANSWER: Frederic Auguste Bartholdi
[10] The teacher of Camille Claudel, this man created such works as Age of Bronze, The Burghers of Calais, and
The Thinker.
ANSWER: Francois-August-Rene Rodin
[10] This noted Rococo artist wrote the Encyclopedie’s chapter on sculpture, but is more famous for designing the
equestrian Monument to Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, better known as the Bronze Horseman.
ANSWER: Etienne Maurice Falconet
17. Name some of FDR's New Deal agencies, for 10 points each.
[10] Created by executive order in 1935, this "administration" was created to help rebuild a certain island after
devastating hurricanes destroyed many fruit and coffee farms.
ANSWER: Puerto Rican Reconstruction Administration [or PRRA]
[10] Begun by another 1935 executive order, this largest New Deal agency was basically a method of employing
people. It mainly worked on public building projects, but was also involved with the arts.
ANSWER: Works Progress Administration [or Works Projects Administration; or WPA]
[10] This agency created by an act of Congress in 1933 was put in place primarily to provide electricity and general
economic development for its namesake region. It built a lot of dams.
ANSWER: Tennessee Valley Authority [or TVA]
18. Colonel Morden kills her main antagonist in a duel. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this title character of what may be the longest English-language novel, a “History of a Young Lady.” She
rejects the proposal of Roger Solmes and escapes from the brothel in which Lovelace had imprisoned her.
ANSWER: Clarissa Harlowe [accept Clarissa, or, the History of a Young Lady]
[10] This character, the subject of a novel about “Virtue Rewarded,” writes letters to her parents while staying with
Mr. and Lady B. Her namesake novel was later parodied in a work of Henry Fielding.
ANSWER: Pamela Andrews [accept Pamela, or, Virtue Rewarded]
[10] Clarissa and Pamela were written by this English author.
ANSWER: Samuel Richardson
19. Identify some video games published by Square and/or Enix for 10 points each.
[10] Both the second and third games in this tri-Ace fantasy space RPG series, subtitled The Second Story and Till
the End of Time, were published pre-merger, but the fourth, The Last Hope, will bear the Square Enix name.
ANSWER: Star Ocean
[10] This Square SNES RPG with art by Akira Toriyama features such characters as Lucca, Marle, Frog, and
Magus, as well as a whole lot of time travel. One song from it is YTMND’s Brian Peppers music.
ANSWER: Chrono Trigger
[10] This underappreciated beat-‘em-up was released for the PS2 in 2000. Advertised as a “playable action movie”,
it starred Sion Barzahd attempting to save the kidnapped Dominique from the clutches of Dauragon C. Mikado.
ANSWER: The Bouncer
20. A “New” city with this name was designed by Edwin Lutyens in the early 1900s and is its country’s capital. For
10 points each:
[10] Name this city, whose historic attractions include the Chandni Chowk, Lal Qila, and Qutb Minar. A monument
commemorating M. K. Gandhi located in this city is called Raj Ghat.
ANSWER: Delhi
[10] Delhi sits on this river, which also flows through Agra by the Taj Mahal and eventually joins the Ganges at
Allahabad.
ANSWER: Yamuna [or Jamuna]
[10] Every Independence Day, the Prime Minister of India gives a speech from this Delhi landmark, named for the
color of sandstone that it is made out of.
ANSWER: Red Fort [or Lal Qila pronounced “Kila”]
21. Identify the following tangentially related to oxidations in organic reactions, for 10 points each.
[10] Similar to, but much stronger than fellow oxidizing agents PCC and PDC, this strong reagent oxidizes primary
alcohols all the way to carboxylic acids. It involves chromium trioxide and sulfuric acid.
ANSWER: Jones reagent
[10] The potassium salt of this ion called Baeyer's reagent and is used to detect unsaturated compounds in a solution.
A strong oxidant, it turns purple when dissolved in water.
ANSWER: permanganate [or manganate (VII); or MnO4-]
[10] Addition of potassium to an alkene forms a cyclic ester, which can be hydrolyzed by a basic solution. The
hydrolysis results in this type of compound with two hydroxyl groups which are sometimes called glycols.
ANSWER: diol
Packet by UCSD (Auroni Gupta, Darwin Fu, Jarita Ta, Jonathan Agustin), and Princeton A
Tossups
1. Sonny and his wife fix one of these objects belonging to the title character of a Eudora Welty short story. Boon
steals one of these belonging to Lucius’s grandfather, which Ned McCaslin later trades away in The Reivers.
Madeleine and Valentine Gersbach lock June in one later responsible for the title character’s injuries in Herzog,
while the husband of Fran Voelker makes his money from selling these in the novel Dodsworth. Dwayne Hoover
owns a place that sells one type of them in Vonnegut’s Breakfast of Champions, and one mishandled by Daisy
Buchanan causes Myrtle Wilson’s death. For 10 points, Willy Loman commits suicide using this vehicle.
ANSWER: cars [or automobiles]
2. Section 4 of this law allows those injured in its violation to seek treble damages, which resulted in the case
Kansas v. Utilicorp United Inc., and another section notes that “The labor of a human being is not a commodity or
article of commerce.” It was amended by the Celler-Kefauver Act, and it notably does not regulate collective
bargaining or picketing, and thus does not impact union activities like its predecessor, but it does prohibit mergers
and acquisitions when they may be used to substantially lessen competition. For 10 points, name this act passed
during the Wilson administration, the successor to the Sherman Antitrust Act.
ANSWER: Clayton Antitrust Act
3. One portion of it alludes to Cicero’s mention of a judge, who would routinely ask accusers “cui bono” or who
benefits, from an action. In addition to considering the prevalence of ignorance in Of the Kingdom of Darkness, this
work discusses a precursor of the ex post facto and states that “No law, made after a Fact done, can make it a
Crime.” It argues that there is no injustice in a state of war, clarifying that Bellum omnium contra omnes, or the war
of all against all, is inevitable unless a strong sovereign is present, while its first section describes life in the state of
nature as “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short”. For 10 points, name this best-known work of Thomas Hobbes.
ANSWER: Leviathan, or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common Wealth Ecclesiasticall and Civil
4. One character in this novel gets her fiancée a gift of a turtle with her initials encrusted in diamonds on its shell.
The protagonist meets two prostitutes, who he nicknames “The Death’s Head” and “The Sickly Child,” during his
trip to Ma Mayfield’s “Old Hundredth,” which ends badly when Boy Mulcaster gets arrested for drunk driving and
Rex Mottram has to bail them out of jail. The deathbed repentance of Lord Marchmain leads the protagonist to end
his affair with Julia Flyte. For 10 points, name this novel in which Sebastian first brings Charles Ryder to the titular
Catholic estate, written by Evelyn Waugh.
ANSWER: Brideshead Revisited
5. One song from their first release describes a man “trippin on his shoelace,” “Psychopsilocybin.” They created a
song for Halo 2 titled “The Odyssey,” and in one song by this band, the singer notes that “in this moment I am
happy” before repeating the title. In a song from their A Crow Left of the Murder, lead singer Brandon Boyd claims
that “you’re no Jesus, yeah you’re no fuckin’ Elvis.” Those songs by this non-Pink Floyd band are “Wish You Were
Here” and “Megalomaniac.” Another song by this group asks “Would you choose water over wine” and avers
“Whatever tomorrow brings I’ll be there.” For 10 points, name this California band of the song “Drive.”
ANSWER: Incubus
6. This tradition was reformed by King Josiah, and the Second-Temple era service focused on Psalms 113 through
118. Traditional songs associated with this observance include Adir Hu and Had Gadya. Upon reciting the acronym
“D'tzach adash b'achav,” wine is spilled. The Magid begins with a discussion of “the bread of affliction”, and also
includes the tale of the Four Sons and the Four Questions. Also including the breaking of the middle matzah and
hiding of the afikoman, the story of the Exodus is told before the meal is eaten. For 10 points, name this traditional
Passover meal.
ANSWER: Passover Seder
7. The Duhem-Margules equation can be used to derive it and a similar relation, and this law can be related to the
Lewis-Randall rule by the Gibbs-Duhem equation. Its proportionality constant gives a relation between the chemical
potential of solute atoms and infinite dilution; that constant is determined experimentally by measurements on a
liquid-vapor equilibrium and the value depends on temperature as well as the solute-solvent pair involved. It
explains decompression sickness in divers and the fizzing of soda when a bottle is opened. For 10 points, name this
law of chemistry that relates the dissolved concentration of a gas to its partial pressure above the solvent.
ANSWER: Henry’s law
8. In this play the gossiping neighbor Daphne is excoriated by Madame Pernelle, and later the maid Dorine is
criticized by the righteous Laurent for concealing a handkerchief in between the pages of her Bible. A casket
containing secrets owned by the political exile Argas is exploited for blackmail by the title character, who earlier
uses his influence to disinherit Damis and break Valere’s engagement to Marianne. The title character is eventually
banished from house after his unsuccessful seduction of Elmire is witnessed by Orgon. For 10 points, name this play
about the titular hypocrite, written by Moliere.
ANSWER: Tartuffe
9. This composer created one of the very first roles of the Luthéal instrument in his Tzigane, and his piano duet
written for Mimi and Jean Godebski is entitled Mother Goose. “The Valley of Bells” and “A Boat on the Ocean” are
two sections of his difficult Miroirs, and he included “Ondine” and “Le Gibet” in his piano work meant to be more
difficult than Balakirev’s Islamey, Gaspard de la nuit. The end of one work features an eight bar shift from C major
to E major right before bass drum and cymbals make their first entrance reinforcing the ostinato first played by the
snare drums. For 10 points, name this composer, who created Pavane for a Dead Princess and the repetitive Bolero.
ANSWER: Joseph-Maurice Ravel
10. A conquest of this place by Ziyadat Allah I saw a sacking of Taormina, after which this place was controlled by
the Aghlabid dynasty. The Mamertine mercenaries were brought here by Agathocles, and the Peace of Caltabellotta
ended a war fought over this place that involved Charles the Lame and Roger of Lauria. That war began with a
revolt led by John of Procida which fought against Charles of Anjou in favor of Peter III of Aragon. In addition to
that revolt named for evening prayers, its namesake “Vespers,” this place was grouped with Naples in the Kingdom
of Two of this city. For 10 points, name this island separated by the Strait of Messina from mainland Italy.
ANSWER: Sicily
11. A lesser-known method for scoring this test is known as Bohm's system. The more commonly used method, the
Exner system, takes into account factors such as location, form, color, movement and frequency. An attempt to
improve it is known as the Holtzman test, which provides more objective scoring criteria and increases the number
of test items from ten to forty-five. The original ten test items consist of three multicolored figures, two black and
red figure, and five black figures on white paper, all of which are open to interpretation. For 10 points, name this
psychological test that asks participants to identify objects in ambiguous pictures that resemble drops of ink.
ANSWER: Rorschach Inkblot Test [prompt on Inkblot Test]
12. This man painted a portrait of Cardinal Niccolo Albergati, while another of his works depicts St. George taking
off a metal helmet as another man kneels by the Madonna and Child. Another work shows an angel with a crown
flying over Virgin Mary, who is seated facing a Burgundian aristocrat. In addition to The Virgin of Chancellor Rolin
this artist of Self Portrait with Red Turban worked with his brother on an altarpiece which depicts the Adoration of
the Lamb, but is best known for depicting a man in a black dress and a woman in green holding hands in front of a
mirror which reflects the artist painting the scene. For 10 points, identify this artist of The Arnolfini Marriage.
ANSWER: Jan van Eyck
13. This man's father-in-law Idas kidnapped Marpessa and killed Castor. According to some accounts, this man
killed the centaurs Hylaeus and Rhaecus, and his father may have been the man to introduce viniculture to Aetolia,
Oeneus. It was Oeneus's omission of the sacrifice to Artemis that led to this man's greatest feat. He killed his uncles
Toxeus and Plexippus after they were angry that he gave a hunting prize to his love; this led to his own death when
his mother, Althaea, then cast the log which kept him alive onto the fire. For 10 points, name this Greek hero who
loved Atalanta and slew the animal which Artemis sent to ravage his kingdom, the Calydonian Boar.
ANSWER: Meleager
14. He wrote about the death of the Yardmaster in “Man on Pink Corner,” which was included along with “The
Cruel Redeemer Lazarus Morell” and a work about Monk Eastman in his A Universal History of Iniquity. He wrote
about the scarred John Vincent Moon in “The Shape of the Sword” and of the death of a man with perfect memory
in “Funes the Memorious.” In another of this man’s works, the narrator trades a rare Bible for the infinitely-long
“Book of Sand,” while in another, Dr. Albert is shot in the back by the double agent Yu Tsun. For 10 points, identify
this author of “The Garden of Forking Paths,” an Argentine who also wrote the collections El Aleph and Ficciones.
ANSWER: Jorge Luis Borges
15. The Sangu and Feni are two rivers in a system which cuts through some namesake Hill Tracts of one of its cities,
and the Mru, Chak, and Marma are indigenous peoples of this country. Seasonal lakes called “beels’ form in the city
of Sylhet in this nation. Bordered on the east by the states of Tripura and Meghalaya, it contains the seaport of
Mongla and cities of Khulna, Rajshahi, and Chittagong. The eastern portions of the Sundarban forests can be found
in this country which sees a large delta formed by the confluences of the Meghnad, Padma, and Jamuna river, also
called the Ganga-Bramhaputra delta. For 10 points, name this nation with its capital at Dhaka.
ANSWER: People’s Republic of Bangladesh
16. One part of it contains the median aperture of Magendie and the lateral aperture of Luschka. Meckels cave is
found in its outer layer, a strong fibrous connective tissue, contains a sickle-shaped partition known as the falx
cerebri. One part of it contains filaments known as trabeculae that transverse the space between the inner and middle
layers. Its three layers are known as dura matter, arachnoid and pia mater and inflammation of it due to viral or
bacterial infection can be detected by a lumbar puncture. For 10 points, name this system of membranes that protects
the central nervous system.
ANSWER: meninges [or meninx; accept arachnoid space until “Meckels”]
17. This polity won a war which saw the defeat of the Retired Emperor Go-Toba and the appointing of jito in the
losing side’s provinces. That war, the Jōkyū War, solidified control of this dynasty by the Hōjō clan, It was aided by
typhoons in repelling two sea-borne invasions of the Yuan Dynasty, spearheaded by Kublai Khan. Its downfall
began with suicides of discontent Samurai after which Ashikaga Takauji assumed the title of shogun. Established
after its founder defeated the Taira clan in the Gempei War, for 10 points, name this shogunate established by
Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first Shogunate in Japanese history.
ANSWER: Kamakura Shogunate [accept “Bakufu” for “Shogunate”]
18. The square of this quantity appears in the denominator of the Prandtl-Glauert equation, which breaks down when
this quantity is around point seven or above, and it is related to pressure by the Rayleigh Pitot formula. For ideal
gases it is equal to the square root of the Cauchy number, and when it exceeds one, decreasing the cross section of a
tube will reduce the flow speed. For small values of this quantity, flow is incompressible, and it can be defined as
the fluid velocity times the square root of density over the bulk modulus. This quantity reaches a critical value when
speed equals 331 meters per second. For 10 points, name this ratio of an object’s speed to the speed of sound.
ANSWER: Mach number
19. This statement contributes to the repulsive one over r to the twelfth term in the Lennard-Jones Potential. Its
rigorous statement requires that particles with half-integer spin have anti-symmetrical wave functions, and it also
explains neutron degeneracy, which prevents smaller neutron stars from collapsing into black holes. The “+1” term
seen in the denominator of the Fermi-Dirac distribution arises due to this statement, and bosons do not have to obey
it, but fermions such as protons and electrons do. For 10 points, name this law of quantum mechanics, which states
that no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state at the same time.
ANSWER: Pauli exclusion principle
20. The final movement of this work features a coda that us described as “the tail that wags the dog.” In the second
movement the cello section is divided with two cellos playing muted instruments representing dripping water, while
the rest of the section joins the double basses in playing pizzicato. A trio appears twice and is interrupted by a 2/4
scherzo each time in the third movement depicting a peasants’ dance, and a cadenza featuring the oboe, flute, and
clarinet represents bird songs in the second movement subtitled, “By a Brook.” For 10 points, name symphony in F
Major inspired by country life by Beethoven.
ANSWER: Pastoral Symphony [or Beethoven’s Symphony Number 6 in F Major; accept just six after “Beethoven”]
TB. This man served as chair of the Special Studies Project while advising the Governor of New York, Nelson
Rockefeller, and he argued for a policy of “flexible response” as opposed to “massive retaliation” in his 1957 book
Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy. This man supported Pakistan in its fight against Bangladesh and India, while
his implementation of a South American assassination campaign, Operation Condor, led to his being accused of war
crimes. However, he also won a Nobel Peace Prize he shared with Le Duc Tho for the U.S. ceasefire and withdrawal
from Vietnam. For 10 points, name this Secretary of State under Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford.
ANSWER: Henry Alfred Kissinger [or Heinz Alfred Kissinger]
Packet by UCSD (Auroni Gupta, Darwin Fu, Jarita Ta, Jonathan Agustin), and Princeton A
Bonuses
1. It is a function of the indentation diameter and the applied force according to the Brinell scale. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this material property defined as the ability of a solid material to resist fractures or indentations,
typically measured in units of pressure or on arbitrary scales such as the Rockwell scale.
ANSWER: hardness
[10] This hardness scale features a 1-10 range and uses a scratch test to compare a mineral's hardness to ten
arbitrarily defined reference minerals.
ANSWER: Mohs scale of hardness
[10] This mineral has a hardness of 7 on the Moh’s scale, and is made of crystalline silicon dioxide. It is the second
most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust after feldspar.
ANSWER: quartz
2. The main character of this book refuses to approve of the Umuaro people’s yam harvest because he’s angry at
being imprisoned. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this book in which Ezeulu refuses to become a “white man’s chief”, and his actions eventually lead his
village to convert to Christianity after they decide that Ulu has abandoned them.
ANSWER: Arrow of God
[10] This author of Arrow of God, who was a harsh critic of racism in Heart of Darkness, is more famous for
writing about the Umuofians Okonkwo and Nwoye in his Things Fall Apart.
ANSWER: Albert Chinualumogu “Chinua” Achebe
[10] In this sequel to Things Fall Apart, Obi Okonkwo takes a job in the Nigerian colonial civil service and begins
taking bribes after the death of his mother Hannah.
ANSWER: No Longer at Ease
3. Answer the following about the presidency of William Howard Taft, for 10 points each.
[10] Taft came under heavy criticism for firing Gifford Pinchot, a conservationist ally of Roosevelt’s, who accused
Richard Ballinger of being in league with big timber groups. Ballinger served in this cabinet position under Taft.
ANSWER: Secretary of the Interior [accept Interior Secretary; or Department of the Interior]
[10] This term refers to a “peaceful and economic” approach to foreign policy by the Taft administration. It was
used to secure the Panama Canal, to interfere in Honduras and Nicaragua, and to loan money to Liberia.
ANSWER: Dollar Diplomacy
[10] Taft further alienated Progressives by supervising the passage of this doubly-eponymous tariff in 1909. Its
protectionism would be further weakened by the Underwood Tariff, passed a few years later.
ANSWER: Payne-Aldrich Tariff
4. Stormy weather can be seen to the right of this painting as an otherwise calm man in grey trousers tries to stay in
his sail-less boat. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this painting which depicts a black man in a boat which is encircled by sharks.
ANSWER: The Gulf Stream
[10] The Gulf Stream is a painting by this member of the Hudson River school, who depicted a man walking his two
dogs in On the Trail.
ANSWER: Winslow Homer
[10] Asher Durand’s Kindred Spirits depicts this other Hudson River school painter along with William Cullen
Bryant in the Catskills. He also painted The Course of Empire series.
ANSWER: Thomas Cole
5. Answer the following about French-language operas, for 10 points each.
[10] This opera features such characters as Don José and Escamillo and arias such as the Toreador Song and
Habanera. It is about a gypsy girl working at a cigarette factory, and was written by Georges Bizet.
ANSWER: Carmen
[10] The monk Athanael realizes that his attempts to convert a courtesan from Alexandria derived from lust not
piety in this man’s opera Thais, and he also created the operas Werther and Manon.
ANSWER: Jules Massenet
[10] This opera by Jacques Offenbach is based on three stories by its namesake author. One story centers on the
mechanical doll, Olympia, who is created by the evil scientist Coppelius.
ANSWER: The Tales of Hoffmann [or Les contes d'Hoffmann]
6. This author wrote about a man, who posthumously publishes Russ Brisenden’s final novel “Ephemera,” and
begins his career as a writer to impress Ruth Morse in the novel Martin Eden. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this author, who wrote about Tom King’s craving for the title meal in “Piece of Steak”, and another
about a guy who gets his just desserts for laughing at the old man at Sulphur Creek in “To Build a Fire”.
ANSWER: Jack London
[10] The title Oligarchy in this London novel takes control of the United States. The Oligarchy directs the
construction of the wonder-city Asgard, in which thousands of proletarians live in poverty in this work.
ANSWER: The Iron Heel
[10] John Thornton nurses Buck back to health in this work. Buck later kills several Indians responsible for
Thornton’s death, and returns to the site once a year to deliver a long, piercing cry.
ANSWER: The Call of the Wild
7. Identify some Old Testament prophets, for 10 points each.

[10] This son of Amoz prophesied during the reign of Hezekiah. He counseled for passive resistance against the
Assyrian invasion and described the herald of the Messiah as “a voice crying out in the wilderness.”
ANSWER: Isaiah [accept Yesayahu, Esaias, or Ashiya]
[10] The accomplishments of this priest, the son of Buzi, include bringing some Judean youths executed by
Nebuchadnezzar back to life and having a vision of God appearing in a chariot, or merkabah, pulled by four chayot.
ANSWER: Ezekiel [accept Yehezkel]
[10] This other prophet was well known for interpreting dreams, and he was thrown into the lion’s den for not
worshipping Cyrus. He also notably interpreted the words “mene, mene, tekel, parsin.”
ANSWER: Daniel [accept Daniyyel, Daniyal, or Danial]
8. Entertainingly named ones include the Bull of Poniatowski and Job’s Coffin. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this term for a pattern of stars that is not one of the 88 constellations.
ANSWER: Asterism
[10] The brightest star of this three star asterism, Alnilam, is named after the Arabic phrase for "String of Pearls."
The other two ones include Alnitak and Mintaka.
ANSWER: Orion’s Belt [or Belt of Orion]
[10] This asterism comprises of three stars: Deneb, Vega, and Altair, which are the brightest ones of the
constellations Cygnus, Lyra, and Aquila. Part of the star field for the Kepler mission is located here.
ANSWER: Summer Triangle
9. One ruler of this polity, Bindusara, made the philosopher Chāṇakya as his prime minister. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this dynasty founded by a Chandragupta who expanded from the kingdom of Magadha. It stretched from
South India to Afghanistan with a capital city at Pataliputra.
ANSWER: Maurya Empire [or Dynasty, Kingdom, etc.]
[10] Perhaps the most famous ruler of the Maurya Empire is this one who encouraged the spread of Buddhism after
converting himself in the aftermath of the war with Kalinga, and who erected a namesake lion pillar at Sarnath.
ANSWER: Ashoka the Great [or Asoka; accept Devanampriya Priyadarsi; prompt on Dhamma]
[10] The Mauryan Empire was recorded by Megasthenes, an ambassador for Seleucis Nicator, whose namesake
Empire controlled lands that had originally be conquered by this man, who won the Battle of Gaugamela.
ANSWER: Alexander the Great [or Alexander III of Macedon; prompt on Alexander; accept Megas
Alexandros]
10. This author described the life of Colin Clout over the course of a year in the Shepheardes Calendar. For 10
points each:
[10] “Complaints” and “Prothalamion” are among the works of this poet, whose most famous work features the
character, Gloriana, based on Elizabeth I.
ANSWER: Edmund Spenser
[10] Gloriana is the title character of this unfinished Spenser epic, which features Britomart and the Red Cross
Knight.
ANSWER: The Faerie Queen
[10] Spenser compares “lily hands” to “captives trembling at the victor’s sight” in the first of this series of love
sonnets that describe his relationship with Elizabeth Boyle.
ANSWER: Amoretti
11. Identify some people involved with the travesty that was the pre-2008 modern Miami Dolphins for 10 points
each.
[10] Noted for violating the NFL’s substance abuse policy roughly eleven thousand times, this dreadlocked
Dolphins running back also briefly retired from football, sitting out the 2004 season to study Ayurveda.
ANSWER: Errick Lynne “Ricky” Williams
[10] This former LSU and current Alabama coach helmed the Dolphins during the 2005 and 2006 seasons, during
which Daunte Culpepper’s injuries placed the team in the hands of Joey Harrington and Cleo Lemon.
ANSWER: Nicholas Lou “Nick” Saban
[10] Currently underachieving at Pitt, this completely incompetent former Bears coach made some terrible decisions
while with the Dolphins, burning out Lamar Smith in a 2000 playoff game and trading a second round draft choice
for A.J. Feeley.
ANSWER: Dave Wannstedt [prompt on how does that dude still have a job?! or equivalents]
12. For 10 points each, name these political philosophers throughout the ages.
[10] This medieval historian’s seminal work in economics, philosophy, and politics is his Muqaddimah. Author of
the Kitab al-Ibar, he made extensive note of power struggles in the desert towns of his homeland, Tunisia.
ANSWER: Ibn Khaldoun, Abū Zayd ‘Abdu r-Raḥman bin Muḥammad bin Khaldūn Al-Hadrami
[10] This man compared his society to the title one in his Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and
Decadence of the Romans. He also wrote The Spirit of the Laws and the Persian Letters.
ANSWER: Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu
[10] This man argued that England should relax its religious restriction laws in A Letter Concerning Toleration, and
he also wrote Two Treatises of Government.
ANSWER: John Locke
13. It was independently developed by a Frenchman and an American. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this process, invented in the 1880s, which isolates aluminum from alumina by passing a direct electric.
ANSWER: Hall-Heroult process [or Hall-Heroult process]
[10] The addition of this sodium-aluminum compound lowers the melting temperature of alumina, which is what
makes the Hall-Heroult process so attractive.
ANSWER: cryolite [accept Na3AlF6]
[10] The principle source of aluminum oxide used in the Hall Process is this rock, comprised of a mixture of the
minerals gibbsite, diaspore and boehmite.
ANSWER: Bauxite
14. He painted a gaudily dressed couple with a tugging dog at the lady’s side in Mr. and Mrs. William Hallet. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this artist whose better-known works include one of a man with a shotgun under his arm, dog by his side,
and sixteen year old bride looking bored, Mr. and Mrs. Andrews.
ANSWER: Thomas Gainsborough
[10] Gainsborough is best known for this painting of a hardware merchant’s upstart son, Jonathan Buttall, who is
predominantly dressed in the title color.
ANSWER: The Blue Boy
[10] This rival of Gainsborough was the first President of the Royal Academy. His works include Colonel Acland
and Lord Sydney, portraits of Oliver Goldsmith and Robert Clive, and Sarah Siddons as the Tragic Muse.
ANSWER: Sir Joshua Reynolds
15. He defeated the giant Beli with an antler after his servant Skirnir took his magic sword to help him woo Gerd.
For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this Vanir god and son of Njord, who owned the badass folding ship Skidbladnir and, according to the
Heimskringla, founded the Swedish Yngling dynasty.
ANSWER: Freyr
[10] Since Frey no longer has his sword, he gets absolutely destroyed by this fire giant at Ragnarok. His name
means “black” and he is the ruler of Muspelheim.
ANSWER: Surtr
[10] Frey rides and has his chariot pulled by a boar made of this material by the dwarves Brokk and Sindri. Other
Norse items made out of this material include the ring Draupnir and the comb of Valhalla’s resident rooster.
ANSWER: gold [if Ron Paul is answering, accept GOOOOOOOOOOOOOLD!!!!, even from a blimp]
16. Name some 12th century English figures, for 10 points each.
[10] This last Norman king of England was also the only ruler of the house of Blois. His reign was marred by a
Civil War for succession known as The Anarchy.
ANSWER: Stephen of Blois
[10] Much of the Anarchy was fought against this woman, whose forces fought the Battle of Beverston Castle and
the Battle of Lincoln with Stephen’s, and who eventually compromised with him at the Treaty of Wallingford.
ANSWER: Empress Matilda [prompt on Maude; prompt on Countess of Anjou; prompt on Lady of the English]
[10] This “troublesome priest” opposed the clerical doctrines of Henry II, Matilda’s son. As a result, four of Henry’s
knights murdered this man in his own Cathedral in Canterbury.
ANSWER: Saint Thomas à Becket
17. Christian and Muslim forces have clashed several times apart from the Crusades. For 10 points each:
[10] This 732 A.D. saw Abd al-Rahman and the Ummayad Caliphate’s attempts to invade France foiled by a force
led by Charles Martel. It was fought on the same site as a Hundred Years’ War battle.
ANSWER: Battle of Tours [or Poitiers; accept Battle of Court of the Martyrs]
[10] This 1389 battle in what is now a newly independent republic saw the knight Milos Obilic assassinate Murad I,
but Bayezid I took command and crushed the Serbian forces. The site is also known as The Field of the Blackbirds.
ANSWER: Battle of Kosovo Field [or Kosovo Polje]
[10] Alp Arslan soundly defeated this Empire at the 1071 battle of Manzikert, but he took pity on this empire’s
captured emperor Romanos IV Diogenes and set him free.
ANSWER: the Byzantine Empire [or Eastern Roman Empire; prompt on Roman Empire; prompt on Romania]
18. It was postulated among members of a doomsday cult in the book When Prophecy Fails. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this psychological concept in which people become uncomfortable in reaction to inconsistencies between
their beliefs and their actions.
ANSWER: cognitive dissonance
[10] This psychologist wrote about cognitive dissonance in his dissertation at Yale. More notably, he has written
The Lucifer Effect and conducted the Stanford prison experiment.
ANSWER: Philip Zimbardo
[10] This psychologist co-authored the original cognitive dissonance experiment with J. Merrill Carlsmit, and
penned When Prophecy Fails.
ANSWER: Leon Festinger
19. Symbiosis is a relationship between two species in which one or more benefits. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this type of symbiosis in which both species benefit, such as the relation between clown fishes and sea
anemones.
ANSWER: mutualism
[10] This example of mutualism usually forms between a member of the phylum ascomycota and a photobiont such
as algae or cyanobacteria.
ANSWER: lichen
[10] The symbiotic association of fungi in the roots of plants is known by this name. The fungus helps the plant
absorb more water and nutrients while the plant provides the fungi with food and such.
ANSWER: mycorrhizae
20. They include Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. For 10 points each:

[10] Two capital cities exist in this island chain, one of which is Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Containing the islands of
La Graciosa and El Hierro, this Spanish island group lies off the western coast of Morocco.
ANSWER: Canary Islands
[10] This island group was hard hit by a 2007 earthquake, which caused damage in the Choiseul and Western
provinces. This country is part of Melanesia, lies east of Papua New Guinea, and contains the island of Guadalcanal.
ANSWER: Solomon Islands
[10] This island pair, part of the Lesser Antilles, lies south of Grenada, southwest of Barbados, and northwest of
Guyana. Containing cities such as Port of Spain, and San Fernando, it has a lot of people of Indian origin.
ANSWER: Trinidad and Tobago
21. Answer the following about some works and their author, for 10 points each.
[10] This book chronicles a game between an unnamed master and a player named Otake, who in reality were
Honinbo Shusai and Kitani Minoru, respectively. Otake wins by five points.
ANSWER: The Master of Go [or Meijin]
[10] This author of The Master of Go also wrote about the foundling Chieko Sada in The Old Capital and about the
creepy old dude Eguchi in House of the Sleeping Beauties. He won the Nobel Prize for his Thousand Cranes.
ANSWER: Kawabata Yasunari [accept names in either order]
[10] Another Kawabata novel follows Ogata Shingo as he reacts to his son Shuichi’s philandering and develops a
crush on his daughter-in-law Kikuko. It is named for the “sound” of one of these geographical objects.
ANSWER: a mountain [accept The Sound of the Mountain; or Yama no Oto if someone is really confused]
Packet by Yale A (Michael Bilow and friends), and Michigan (Michael Hausinger, Andy Kravis, Scot Putzig, and
Surya Sabhapathy)
Tossups
1. The speaker of this poem discusses the “gleams of half-extinguished thought” which makes “the picture of the
mind revive again” and allows him to recognize the “still, sad music of humanity.” The speaker hopes that another’s
person’s memories of “wild ecstasies shall be matured / Into a sober pleasure” and form in her mind a “mansion for
all lovely forms.” The speaker concludes that “this green pastoral scene” has grown “More dear” to him after “Five
years have past” since he first visited the title location with his sister Dorothy. For 10 points, name this poem named
for an abandoned monastic building by William Wordsworth.
ANSWER: “Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey”
2. One of these particles exchanges a virtual photon with an electron in Bhabha scattering, and along with a
neutrino, one of these is a side product of the creation of deuterium in the proton-proton chain. A pion and one of
these particles should result from proton decay, and their appearance under normal circumstances will immediately
result in the creation of a photon with 511 keV of energy. They were first postulated as negative energy solutions to
a namesake wave equation by Paul Dirac, and they were discovered in 1932 by Carl Anderson. For 10 points, name
this spin-½ particle with positive charge, the antiparticle of the electron.
ANSWER: positrons [accept beta-plus particle; accept antielectron before “electron” is read]
3. He offered four variations on a “sighing” theme in the “Variazioni” section of a work featuring movements
inspired by the Alborada and Fandango dances, while King Dodon is advised about the Queen of Shemakha by the
title mystical object of one opera. Along with Capriccio Espagnol and The Golden Cockerel, he used terse violin
cadenzas representing the light emanating from Christ’s tomb to separate the sections of his Russian Easter Festival
Overture and the bass motif of the sultan is contrasted with the violin motif of the title character in a work based on
The Arabian Nights. For 10 points, name this Russian composer of Scheherazade and “Flight of the Bumble Bee.”
ANSWER: Nicolay Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov
4. A morning fog at this battle concealed the initial advance of St. Hilaire and Vandamme. The attackers’ disastrous
plan to attack the defenders’ purposely weakened right flank was designed by Weyrother, and it allowed Soult to
lead a charge straight up the opponents’ center, taking the Pratzen Heights from Kutuzov. Its aftermath saw the
creation of the Confederation of the Rhine after the Treaty of Pressburg dissolved the Holy Roman Empire. For 10
points, name this battle in which a joint force under Francis II and Alexander I was defeated by Napoleon, also
called the Battle of the Three Emperors.
ANSWER: Battle of Austerlitz [accept Battle of the Three Emperors before it is read]
5. Robert Kapsis argued that it was low in certain communities in his article on Black Ghetto Diversity and it. In an
article by Gary Lee entitled Marriage and this, Lee references a version of this concept which attempts to explain
the criminal tendency to act upon any opportunity for income, even when illegal. That version was developed by
Robert Merton, who wrote Social Structure and this. It was identified as a result of religion’s decreasing importance
in society and of the modern division of labor. For 10 points, name this breakdown of social norms resulting in a
feeling of lack of purpose, one of the four major causes of suicide identified by Emile Durkheim.
ANSWER: anomie
6. In this modern-day country's north, the Tatra Mountains include its highest point, Gerlachovsky Stit, and include
numerous hiking and skiing attractions. The Vah river originates in its Tatras Mountains, and flows West and then
South past cities such as Trencin and Zilina. The Spis castle is located in the Kosice region, while Presov is the third
largest city in this country, and is home to a salt mine. This country's western border is formed by the Morava River,
which also forms part of its southwestern border with Austria. For 10 points, name this country also bordered by
Hungary, Ukraine, and Poland with its capital at Bratislava, and was once paired with the Czech Republic.
ANSWER: Slovakia [or Slovak Republic; or Slovenska Republica; do not accept “Czechoslovakia”]
7. This man inspired Giles Deleuze’s formulation of the concept of “the plane of immanence.” His early work, On
the Improvement of Understanding, influenced a later work that introduced his concepts of mode, attribute, and
substance. He asserted that Ezra was the primary author of the Old Testament and miracles could be explained
naturally in a work arguing that freedom of ideas encourages a secure state, Theological-Political Treatise. One of
his works features the section “Of Human Bondage,” uses the phrase “God or Nature” to explain Pantheism, and is
written in “geometrical order.” For 10 points, name this Rationalist philosopher, who wrote Ethics.
ANSWER: Baruch Spinoza [or Benedict Spinoza; accept Espinosa instead of “Spinoza”]
8. A cleft-like structure sometimes remains in Rathke’s pouch which forms its pars tubullaris and pars distillaris, and
infarction of this organ occurring during pregnancies is known as Sheehan’s syndrome. It is situated in a depression
in the sphenoid bone called sella turcica. Its adenohypophysis is divided into acidophil, basophile, and chromophobe
regions, and herring bodies are found on the axons of the neurons that connect it to the hypothalamus. Divided into
an anterior and posterior lobe, for 10 points, name this organ often called “master gland” which secretes prolactin
and growth hormone, and is located at the base of the brain.
ANSWER: pituitary gland
9. A piece of fan fiction about this game is subtitled "Repercussions of Evil" and revolves around John Stalvern.
Spider Masterminds and Revenants were missing from its N64 version, though that game did contain the Laser of
the Unmaker. Its first sequel added the Megasphere and ended when the player killed the Icon of Sin by shooting
rockets into its brain; that sequel was subtitled Hell on Earth. Its shareware version consisted of the episode Knee
Deep in the Dead, which began with the vanishing of Deimos and the arrival of demons on Phobos. For 10 points,
identify this id Software FPS, in which the BFG 9000 is among the weapons used by the player, a Space Marine.
ANSWER: DOOM [accept Doom 64 or Doom II on the relevant clues]
10. In one of his works Orual describes her sister Psyche’s romance with Cupid, and another novel centers on Elwin
Ransom’s mission to Mars to stop Professor Weston from corrupting the new Adam and Eve. In addition to Till We
Have Faces and Perelandra, which forms a trilogy with That Hideous Strength and Out of the Silent Planet, one of
his characters is annoyed that his nephew never learned the “Law of Undulation,” from Slubgob at Training College
before berating Wormwood for failing as a tempter. For 10 points, name author of The Screwtape Letters, who wrote
about the Pevensie children in his Narnia series.
ANSWER: Clive Staples Lewis
11. Prior to this battle, the Hornet and Enterprise were sent on a surprise bombing mission, leaving them out of the
US fleet. The other side in this battle wished to secure the island of Tulagi and its harbor. On May 7, the first major
day of battle, the Kikuzuki and the Shoho were both destroyed, and the next day the Shokaku was forced to retreat.
The Yorktown escaped major damage from the Japanese attack, but the Lexington was destroyed. For 10 points,
name this battle fought over control of Port Moresby, a 1942 naval battle that notably featured no ship-to-ship
combat, fought in a namesake body of water that is home to the Great Barrier Reef.
ANSWER: Battle of the Coral Sea
12. Triangular patterns can be seen on the hat of one figure in this painting who wears a set of beads with a cross,
and diagonal lines connect the eyes of the two most prominent figures of this painting, one of whom feeds the other
a flower. A face peeks out of an orthodox church in the background of this work whose top right contains five
houses, two of which are upside down. A woman can be seen milking a goat, and in another portion, a man with a
scythe walks to the right as an upside down woman points the way. Depicting the artist’s hometown in Vitebsk,
Belarus, for 10 points, name this painting by Marc Chagall.
ANSWER: I and the Village
13. Early in this man’s reign he faced revolts from Theobald IV of Champaign and Pierre Mauclerc, and his
biographer was Jean de Joinville. He defeated Hugh of Lusignan and the English at the Battle of Taillebourg, and
with James I of Aragon he signed the Treaty of Corbeil. With a Treaty of Paris he ensured Languedoc would
become a royal possession, ending the Albigensian Crusade, and he constructed the Sainte-Chapelle. This son of
Blanche of Castille captured Damietta before failing to take Cairo, ending the Seventh Crusade. For 10 points, name
this only French king to be canonized.
ANSWER: Louis IX [or Louis II of Artois; prompt on Saint Louis]
14. The propensity of nitroso compounds to participate in a variant of this reaction has been used to synthesize
oxazine derivatives. Another variant of this reaction yields 2,3-dihydro-4-pyridones and uses a compound named
for Danishefsky. In addition to that ‘aza’ variation, this reaction is usually thermodynamically favorable since it sees
the formation two sigma bonds from pi bonds. Under kinetic control, it preferentially yields an endo product, and
one component must be in the s-cis conformation for the reaction to occur. For 10 points, name this cycloaddition
reaction in which a diene reacts with a dienophile to produce a ring and is named after two German chemists.
ANSWER: Diels-Alder Reaction [accept nitroso Diels-Alder, aza Diels-Alder, etc.]
15. Early in his life, this man built the Miramar Castle near Trieste, and was appointed Governor-General to the
Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia by his brother. Upon reaching his more famous position of power, he quickly
nullified all large debts owed by peasants and banned corporal punishment. In attempt to solidify his position this
brother of Francis Joseph I and husband of Carlota adopted the grandson of Augustin de Iturbide, but he was still
defeated and killed at Queretaro by the forces of Benito Juarez. For 10 points, name this Habsburg who Napoleon III
placed on the throne of Mexico.
ANSWER: Emperor or Archduke Maximilian I of Mexico
16. He developed the “chicken-claw” floor plan for his theorized “Cartesian skyscraper.” His buildings include the
Curuchet House in Argentina, and he and Nicolai Kolli designed Moscow’s Tsentrosoyuz Building. His three
furniture types include “type-needs” and “human-limb,” and he helped reconstruct the port of Marseilles, which
included his first Unite d'Habitation. He enumerated his “five points” in his Towards a New Architecture, and other
works of his include a concrete church in Ronchamp and a house mounted on piloti, typical of his International
Style. For 10 points, name this Swiss-French architect of the Notre Dame du Haut and the Villa Savoye.
ANSWER: Le Corbusier [accept Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris]
17. One work set in this country ends when the dog Aesop is shot by his owner Thomas Glahn, while the title
character of a trilogy about this country assists in the murder of Eline to marry a knight in the first part entitled The
Wreath. In another work from this country The People’s Herald withdraws its support for Dr. Stockmann’s claim
that the bathes are contaminating the local water, and in another work Nils Krogstad’s blackmail leads to Nora
leaving her husband Torvald Helmer. For 10 points, An Enemy of the People and A Doll’s House are set in this
country, the home of Knut Hamsun, Sigrid Undset, and Henrik Ibsen.
ANSWER: Norway
18. This composer wrote the aria “Quand nos bourgeons se rouvriront” about the Belgian defense on the Ypres in
his A Voice in the Desert, while a famous “nobilmente” features in his first symphony in A-flat dedicated to Hans
Richter. Jacqueline du Pre popularized his cello concerto in E minor, and a Cardinal Newman poem is the basis for
his oratorio The Dreams of Gerontius. An argument about Sonata Pathetique with Augustus Jaeger was depicted in
the “Nimrod” section of a work thought to be inspired by “Auld Lang Syne.” For 10 points, name this English
composer of the Enigma Variations and Pomp and Circumstance.
ANSWER: Edward Elgar
19. A type of these objects located at the “tip” of their namesake “branch” are used as standard candles. The
occurrence of a degenerate core causes them to increase temperature very rapidly while maintaining their volumes,
which results in the “helium flash,” after which convert three helium nuclei to a carbon-12 nucleus via a Beryllium
intermediate in the triple alpha process. Eventually, their outer regions expand to form a planetary nebula, after
which they become white dwarves. For 10 points, identify these stars exemplified by Arcturus, whose cool
temperatures are the cause of their namesake color.
ANSWER: red giants
20. One of his paintings features a woman in black on the left with her two daughters and a man sitting in a chair
facing the trio. In addition to a Portrait of Bellili Family, he also painted Semiramis Building Babylon and Place de
la Concorde. This man also depicted some Jewish bankers in his At the Stock Exchange, and some members of his
family can be seen trading the titular commodity in his New Orleans Cotton Exchange, but he is better known for
depicting a woman sitting beside a man smoking a pipe with the titular beverage on her table. For 10 points, identify
this impressionist painter of L' Absinthe and several sculptures and paintings of ballet dancers.
ANSWER: Hillaire Germaine Edgar Degas
TB. In one of his short stories, Paul Kovel tries to help his crazy neighbor Timothy Stokes, who believes he is a
werewolf. Along with Werewolves in their Youth and A Model World, he wrote about the son of the gangster “Joe
the Egg,” who is torn between his attraction to Arthur Lecompte and Phlox Lombardi in The Mysteries of
Pittsburgh. James Leer steals the jacket worn by Marilyn Monroe at her wedding from Richard Gaskell in a novel
centering on Grady Tripp, and the title characters of another of his novels create the comic book hero The Escapist.
For 10 points, name this American author of Wonder Boys and The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay.
ANSWER: Michael Chabon
Packet by Yale A (Michael Bilow and friends), and Michigan (Michael Hausinger, Andy Kravis, Scot Putzig, and
Surya Sabhapathy)
Bonuses
1. Name these curves from economics, for 10 points each.

[10] Plotting percent of income distributed among percent of households, this curve illustrates the inequality of the
distribution of income between households with this curve below the line of equality.
ANSWER: Lorenz curve
[10] This curve plots revenue versus tax rate, showing that increasing tax rates can decrease revenue, as incentive to
work goes down. It was famously drawn on a napkin.
ANSWER: Laffer curve
[10] Points on these curves correspond to amounts of goods that people have equal utility for, and thus they have no
preference for one point over another.
ANSWER: indifference curves
2. Name these victims of ostracism in fifth century BCE Athens, for 10 points each.
[10] This founder of the Athenian fleet and naval commander at Salamis was ostracized in 470 BCE due to the belief
he was becoming too powerful in the wake of fortifying Athens and founding Piraeus.
ANSWER: Themistocles
[10] Leader of the aristocratic party and main rival of Pericles, this man was ostracized in 461 BCE for helping
Sparta quell a helot revolt.
ANSWER: Cimon
[10] This man’s grandfather of the same name was ostracized in 460 BCE. He advocated the Sicilian expedition
during the Peloponnesian War, but was forced to flee to Sparta when it began.
ANSWER: Alcibiades
3. One part of them receives blood from the afferent arterioles and is composed of mesangial cells. That structure is
the glomerulus, which is surrounded by the Bowman’s capsule. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify these functional units of a certain organ. These units consist of the pars convoluta, pars recta, and
another sub-structure where the macula densa touches the juxtoglomerular apparatus.
ANSWER: nephrons
[10] Nephrons are the functional units of these bean shaped organs responsible for filtering the blood.
ANSWER: kidney
[10] This part of the renal tubule extends into and out of the renal medulla in a U shape. Its ascending limb is thicker
the descending limb, and they serve to increase the osmolarity of urine.
ANSWER: loop of Henle
4. Elihu Willsson’s son Donald is murdered once he loses control of the gangsters Max Thaler and Reno Starkey,
who he had hired to scare a union in Personville in one of this man’s novels. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this American author who wrote about the Continental Op in Red Harvest and The Dain Curse.
ANSWER: Dashiell Hammett
[10] Miss Wonderley enlists Miles Archer and Sam Spade to follow Floyd thursby at the beginning of this Dashiell
Hammett novel.
ANSWER: The Maltese Falcon
[10] The detective duo Nick and Nora Charles discover that Herbert Macaulay framed Gilbert Wynant for the
murder of Julia Wolf in this Hammett work.
ANSWER: The Thin Man
5. Siberut and Sipura are a part of the Mentawai islands which lie to the west of this large island. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this island home to the Bengkulu and Aceh provinces, separated from the Asian mainland by the Strait
of Malacca.
ANSWER: Sumatra [or Sumatera]
[10] Sumatra belongs to this Asian island nation, as do Java, Bali, and Borneo.
ANSWER: Republic of Indonesia
[10] Located between the islands of Java and Sumatra in the Sunda Straight is this massive volcanic island, which
exploded devastatingly in 1883.
ANSWER: Krakatoa [or Krakatao; or Krakatowa]
6. Identify some terms from Jainism, for 10 points each.

[10] This great vow means "non-injury." To follow it, people must avoid harming or killing any living being through
thoughts, words, or actions, and as a result of it, Jains are vegetarians.
ANSWER: Ahimsa
[10] The next of these enlightened being, considered a type of arhat, will be born in about 81,500 years. The first of
the 24 of them was Rishabha, millions of years ago, and the most recent was Mahavira, founder of modern Jainism.
ANSWER: Tirthankaras [accept Jinas, prompt on fordmakers]
[10] This “sky-clad” sect of Jainism is notable for its monks' refusal to wear clothing and its belief that women
cannot attain moksha. Svetambara monks, on the other hand, wear all-white robes.
ANSWER: Digambaras
7. The protagonist finds the fortune of the Spada family through the directions of Abbe Faria. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this novel about the vengeance of Edmond Dantes written by Alexandre Dumas.
ANSWER: The Count of Monte Cristo [accept Le Comte de Monte-Cristo]
[10] Dantes saves this family, who run the Marseille shipping firm that first employed Dantes from financial ruin. Its
members include Julie, Maximallian, and Pierre.
ANSWER: Morrel
[10] Dumas also wrote three novels, including The Three Musketeers and Twenty Years After, that centered on this
character, who is based on the historical figure Charles de Batz-Castelmore.
ANSWER: d’Artagnan
8. Their greatest hit, “Rock You like a Hurricane,” was used for roll call by the Mooninites on an episode of Aqua
Teen Hunger Force. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this German 80's rock group, which also had hits with "Wind of Change" and "Still Loving You."
ANSWER: Scorpions
[10] Earlier, Ignignokt and Err stole a belt with the powers of this 80's rock supergroup from Carl. Playing the song
"Cold As Ice" froze Carl in place, while “Head Games” turned his head into a Connect Four set.
ANSWER: Foreigner
[10] Playing this song from the Foreigner Belt causes Meatwad to exclaim "I'm a lean, mean, ground beef machine!"
The speaker “don’t drive no big black car” and “don’t like no Hollywood movie star.”
ANSWER: “Dirty White Boy”
9. Answer some questions about American financial crises, for 10 points each.
[10] Chartered to stabilize the dollar, this bank weathered the Panic of 1819 and survived until Jackson refused to
renew its charter. John Tyler vetoed a bill to reestablish it in 1841.
ANSWER: Second Bank of the United States
[10] A tax placed on a state branch of the Second Bank of the US resulted in this Supreme Court case that
established Congress’s implied powers.
ANSWER: McCulloch v. Maryland [accept in reverse order]
[10] The end of the bank’s charter spurred on the Panic of 1837, which was compounded with this Andrew Jackson
executive order that mandated that public lands must be purchased with gold or silver.
ANSWER: Specie Circular
10. Electromagnetic waves can do interesting things when they hit stuff. Name some of those things, for 10 points
each.
[10] When a wave encounters an obstacle, this effect occurs as it bends around that obstacle. It is explained by
Fresnel’s modification of the Huygens Principle.
ANSWER: diffraction
[10] This law describes how x-rays diffract off of the faces of crystals. The Davisson-Germer experiment proved
that it holds for electrons, showing wave-particle duality.
ANSWER: Bragg's Law
[10] When light bounces off of a material, a small number of the photons experience this inelastic scattering, having
either a gain or loss in frequency.
ANSWER: Raman Scattering
11. It was made possible by the gathering for the wedding of Henry of Navarre and Marguerite of Valois. For 10
points each:
[10] Name this event occurring on August 24, 1572, a certain feast day, which saw the murder of many Huguenot
leaders in Paris.
ANSWER: St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre
[10] The woman who ordered the massacre was Catherine, who hailed from this prominent Italian family. Her
father was Lorenzo II of this family.
ANSWER: de Medici
[10] Crowned in 1560, this sickly and highly tractable son of Catherine de’ Medici was king of France during the
massacre. He was succeeded by his younger brother Henry III.
ANSWER: Charles IX
12. Act II opens with the title character’s wife receiving a glass elephant, after which she prophesies a time when
luxury gives way to the simple virtues. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this opera which proclaims that “News Has a Kind of Mystery” following the “Landing of the Spirit of
’76,” and features “The Chairman Dances.”
ANSWER: Nixon in China
[10] Nixon in China is an opera by this American composer, who commemorated the victims of 9/11 in his
composition, On the Transmigration of Souls.
ANSWER: John Coolidge Adams
[10] Omar, Molqi, and Rambo are among the Palestinian terrorists, who lead the hijacking of The Achille Lauro and
kill the title crippled Jewish man in this John Adams opera.
ANSWER: The Death of Klinghoffer
13. Answer the following about American authors, who wrote their experience as ambulance drivers in the World
War One. For 10 points each:
[10] “The Wanderer,” Surplice, and “Zoo-loo” are the members of a group that the narrator dubs “The Delectable
Mountains” in this novel about an American ambulance driver, who is thrown into prison with his friend B.
ANSWER: The Enormous Room
[10] This experimental poet of The Enormous Room discussed a location “with up so many floating bells down” in
“anyone lived in a pretty how town,” which is found in his collection Tulips and Chimneys.
ANSWER: e. e. cummings [or Edward Estlin Cummings]
[10] He shared his wartime experience in the poem “Memorial Rain,” which is in his collection Conquistador, while
the vendors Nickles and Zuss play the roles of God and Satan in his modern retelling of the Job story, J.B. He also
wrote the poem “You, Andrew Marvell.”
ANSWER: Archibald MacLeish
14. Aluminum oxide is not usually a valuable material, but impurities can greatly increase its value. For 10 points
each:
[10] One common form of crystalline aluminum oxide is known as this material, with a hardness of 9 on the Mohr’s
scale. When the presence of chromium impurities imparts a red color to it, it is called ruby.
ANSWER: corundum
[10] Pretty much any corundum containing mineral that isn’t a ruby is known by this name. It is most commonly
associated with a blue colored mineral.
ANSWER: Sapphire
[10] This class of aluminosilicates which usually contains sodium, potassium, or calcium, forms the most common
group of minerals found in the earth. It is a major component of granites.
ANSWER: feldspar
15. This philosophical text opens with a story recounting the fate of Robert-Francois Damiens, the would-be
assassin of Louis XV. For 10 points each:
[10] Name this work, whose two title concepts are discussed in relation to their occurrence in places such as schools,
hospitals, and Bentham's "Panopticon."
ANSWER: Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison [accept Surveiller et Punir: Naissance de la Prison]
[10] This French philosopher wrote Discipline and Punish, as well as The Birth of Sexuality and The Archaeology of
Knowledge.
ANSWER: Michel Foucault
[10] Foucault discusses the relationship between language and representation in his discussion of Velasquez' Las
Meninas in this work, whose title suggests a hierarchy of thought.
ANSWER: The Order of Things [or Les Mots et les choses]
16. A dark skinned character can be seen pulling a horse at the bottom left of this work as the title figure looks on
calmly in his bed. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this chaotic painting which depicts numerous nudes pleading with the titular Assyrian king before he
burns his possessions.
ANSWER: The Death of Sardanapalus [or La Mort de Sardanapale]
[10] The Death of Sardanapalus was painted by this artist who also depicted the rape and pillage of the Greek Wars
of Independence in his Massacre at Chios as well as the July 28 uprising in Liberty Leading the People.
ANSWER: Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix
[10] This Delacroix painting depicts a horrified looking figure wearing red headgear as he watches some sinners
trying to board the titular conveyance navigated by Phlegyas as the city of Dis burns in the background.
ANSWER: The Barque of Dante [or Dante and Virgil]
17. They can be constructed by geometric analysis using Schreinemaker’s method. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify these constructs along which two states of matter exist in equilibrium. They have exactly one degree of
freedom.
ANSWER: phase line [or curve; accept equivalents mentioning phase]
[10] This process, the reverse of deposition, occurs at temperatures and pressures below the triple point. In it a solid
transforms into a gas, exemplified by dry ice.
ANSWER: sublimation
[10] This is element is notable for its sublimation. A complex formed by it and its potassium salt gives a blue-black
color to indicate the presence of starch.
ANSWER: Iodine [accept: I]
18. Most information about it comes from Al-Sadi’s Tarikh as Sudan. For 10 points each:
[10] Identify this empire led by people such as Askia Mohammed Touré and was centered around Gao near he Niger
river.
ANSWER: Songhai Empire [or Songhay]
[10] This man ruled the Songhai empire from the 1460s to the early 1490s, and conquered the cities of Timbuktu
and Jenne, thereby subjugating the clearly inferior Mali empire.
ANSWER: Sunni Ali Ber
[10] The Songhai empire came to an end at the Battle of Tondibi, where Ishaq II lost to forces led by Judar Pasha of
this polity. It was then led by Ahmad al Mansur of the Saadi dynasty, and this empire gives its name to a modern-
day country.
ANSWER: Morocco
19. Name these works of J.S. Bach, for 10 points each.

[10] A theme from Bach’s rival Louis Marchand is used in the fifth one of this group of six musical works dedicated
to the Margrave of the titular German state.
ANSWER: the Brandenburg Concertos [or Brandenburg Concerti]
[10] Alternatively titled “Be Still, Stop Chattering” in this work Schlendrian tries to prevent his daughter Lieschen
from consuming the title caffeinated substance.
ANSWER: the Coffee Cantata
[10] Bach wrote a work about the “Art of” this contrapuntal style of music. He also paired one with a Tocatta in D
Minor.
ANSWER: a fugue [or fuge]
20. Name these creatures from Norse myth, for 10 points each.
[10] Odin gives his food to a pair of these creatures named Geri and Freki. Two of them who attempt to eat the
moon and the sun, Hati and Skoll, are sons of another of them, who was held in place by the chain Gleipnir.
ANSWER: a wolf [or wolves]
[10] The squirrel runs up and down Yggdrasil, carrying gossip and insults between Veorfolnir and Niohoggr.
ANSWER: Ratatoskr
[10] This cow licked a salty stone until it became a man, Buri. Her milk is the food of Ymir.
ANSWER: Audhumla
21. Their name comes from the Gaelic for “mound.” For 10 points each:
[10] Identify these hills formed by glacial action, whose gently sloping narrow part points in the direction of ice
flow. They are mostly made of till.
ANSWER: drumlin
[10] This is the name given to the loose rock deposited at the end of the glacier, and mark the farthest advance of a
glacier.
ANSWER: terminal moraine [prompt on moraine]
[10] This is the bowl-shaped feature formed at the head of a glacial valley.
ANSWER: cirque

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ACF Fall 2008: The Physical Impossibility of Joris-Karl Huysmans in the Mind of Someone Living

Ten tiebreaker tossups

Ten tiebreaker bonuses

7. Carbonated water is one example of these mixtures. For 10 points each:

21. Name these works of Washington Irving for 10 points each.

7. He painted several paintings of the Rouen Cathedral. For 10 points each:

15. Name these Canadian Prime Ministers, for 10 points each.

17. Identify the following pertaining to a mathematician, for 10 points each.

6. Identify these components of the War of 1812, for 10 points each.

7. Identify these Alexander Pushkin works, for 10 points each.

16. Name these Marshals of France, for 10 points each.

14. Name these Handel works, for 10 points each.

8. It ended when Raul Alfonsin came to power. For 10 points each:

9. Identify the following about a Shakespeare comedy, for 10 points each.

1. Name these Kierkegaard works, for 10 points each.

7. Name some famous archaeologists, for 10 points each.

8. Name these Baroque composers, for 10 points each.

17. Its time derivative is torque. For 10 points each:

11. Name these second basemen for 10 points each.

17. Identify these Mozart operas, for 10 points each.

20. Name the following national epics. For 10 points each:

13. Name these German state capitals, for 10 points each.

3. Name these things associated with Odin, for 10 points each.

2. Name these Dickens novels, for 10 points each.

1. For 10 points each, name these Shakespeare plays.

3. Identify the following about a theorem, for 10 points each.

12. Identify these things from Sikhism, for 10 points each.

16. Name these works by Hector Berlioz, for 10 points each.

8. It preceded the Manchu dynasty. For 10 points each:

3. Identify some assorted theorems from mathematics, for 10 points each.

7. It is alternatively called the Embden-Meyerhoff pathway. For 10 points each:

15. Identify some things from geology for 10 points each.

16. Identify some French sculptors, for 10 points each.

7. Identify some Old Testament prophets, for 10 points each.

20. They include Lanzarote and Fuerteventura. For 10 points each:

1. Name these curves from economics, for 10 points each.

6. Identify some terms from Jainism, for 10 points each.

19. Name these works of J.S. Bach, for 10 points each.

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