Calculations
2
Fault Level Calculations
What is ahead?
Step-1
Overview of power system
grid and transmission
network
4
Fault Level Calculations
Typical State Level Power System & our area of interest
5
Fault Level Calculations
Typical State Level Power System & our area of interest
6
Fault Level Calculations
Local Network – or – Sub-Transmission System
400kV
S/S - A
S/S - C
220kV 220kV 33kV
S/S - B 220kV
132kV S/S - D
S/S - F S/S - E
132kV 33kV
33kV 11kV
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Fault Level Calculations
Step-2
What is mean by fault level
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Fault Level Calculations
What is fault level
S/S - A
S/S - B 14530 11300 18290
MVA MVA MVA
9700
MVA
9730 6400 7200
8400 MVA
MVA MVA MVA
4630 5800
MVA MVA
S/S - C
2700
MVA
3670
1185 MVA
MVA
ABC Transmission Co. Ltd.
3 Ph Fault Levels For 2010-2011
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Fault Level Calculations
What is fault level-Continued….
8700 MVA
9730 MVA
1030 MVA
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Fault Level Calculations
Step-3
Understanding Per-Unit
Measurements
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Fault Level Calculations
PU Concept
– For Transformers
– For Lines
– For Transformers
– For Lines
400kV
220kV 132kV 33kV
T1 L1 T2 L2 T3 L3
12 Ohm
T1 L1 T2 L2 T3 L3
Step-4
Finding Source Impedance
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Fault Level Calculations
Typical State Level Power System & our area of interest
Xs (pu) = 0.0216
Or
Xs% = 2.16%
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Fault Level Calculations
220/132kV Solved Example
Padegaon
5 Km 25 MVA
10.21 %
25 MVA
9.84 %
11kV
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Fault Level Calculations
220/132kV Solved Example
Padegaon
132/33-11 kV
2850 132kV 33kV Harsool
MVA
132/33-11 kV
2257 668 Chikalthana
MVA MVA
132kV 33kV
538
1998 MVA
MVA
11kV
11kV
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Fault Level Calculations
Unsymmetrical Faults-Sequence Network
T2 L T1 G
M2 XM11 XM21
XT21 XL1 XT11 Xg1
SLD F
XM10 XM20
XM12 XM22
XT20 XL0 XT10 Xg0
XT22 XL2 XT12 Xg2
F F
XM11 XM21
XT21
X1XL 1 XT11 Xg1
XM12 XM22
XT22
X2
XL2 XT12 Xg2
Ia = 3 / (X1 + X2 + X0) F
XM20
X0
XT20 XL0 XT10 Xg0
F
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Fault Level Calculations
220/132kVSingle Line to Ground Fault-Solved Example
Padegaon
3Ph 2850 132kV 33kV
MVA 50 MVA
1Ph 2230
10.21% 132/33-11 kV
MVA
Harsool
50 MVA 132/33-11 kV
10.88 % Chikalthana
0.4 Ohms / Km
132kV 33kV
25 MVA 50 MVA
8 Km 9.73 % 10.03%
25 MVA
10.04 % 25 MVA
11kV 10.52 %
0.4 Ohms / Km
5 Km 25 MVA
10.21 %
25 MVA
9.84 %
11kV
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Fault Level Calculations
Single Line to Ground Fault-Solved Example
3Ph 2850
3Ph 2850 MVA
MVA 1Ph 2230
MVA
1 Ph Short 3*BaseMVA*100
Circuit MVA
at 132kV
Harsool Bus
( 2*( XS1 + (XL11 || XL21) )
+ ( XS0 + (XL10 || XL20) ) )
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Fault Level Calculations
220/132kV Solved Example
Padegaon
132/33-11 kV
3Ph 2850 132kV 33kV Harsool
MVA
3Ph 2257 3Ph 668
1Ph 2230 MVA MVA
MVA
132/33-11 kV
1Ph 1662 1Ph 604
MVA MVA Chikalthana
132kV 33kV
538
1998 MVA
MVA
11kV
11kV
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Fault Level Calculations