ADVANCED FOUNDATION ENGINEERING

Anchored Sheet Piles in Sands

For Design Equations click here

Example #2
Consider the same problem as in Example 1 but with an anchor rod placed at 1 m
from the surface. (a) Estimate the depth of penetration, D; (b) Calculate the anchor
force F; and (c) Determine the safest and most economical section.

SOLUTION

Design Steps (refer to figure above for terms)

2& '# 2& 32 #

1. Calculate: k a ) tan $ 45 ( ! ) tan $ 45 ( ! ) 0.307 and
% 2" % 2 "
1 1 kp
kp ) ) ) 3.25 Note: Some designers use k p(Design) ) where
k a 0.307 SF
SF = 1.5 (2.0

1 of 3 Advanced Foundation Engineering

Example 3: Anchored Sheet Pile in Sand
Dr. Adnan A. Basma
 Calculate: p1 ) ,L1k a ) *15.9 +*2 +*0.307 + ) 9.763kN / m and
2
2.

* +
p2 ) ,L1 0 , 'L 2 / k a ) -*15.9 +*2 + 0 *19.33 ( 9.81+ / 3. / 0.307 ) 18.53kN / m2

p2 18.53
Calculate: L3 ) ) ) 0.66 m
3.
- .
, *k p ( k a + *19.33 ( 9.81+*3.25 ( 0.307 +
'

p1L1 0 p1L 2 0 *p2 ( p1+L 2 0 p2L3 =

1 1 1
4. Calculate: P = Area ACDE =
2 2 2

1
*9.763+*2+ 0 *9.763+*3+ 0 1 *18.53 ( 9.763+ / 3 0 1 *18.53+*0.66+
2 2 2

) 9.763 0 29.289 0 13.151 0 6.115 ) 58.32kN / m

5. Calculate: z by taking moment about E of area ACDE = Pz

6 & 3# & 3 #3
49.763$ .66 0 3 0 3 ! 0 29.289$ 0.66 0 2 !1
1 4 % " % "1
z) ) 2.23m
58.32 4 & 3# & 2# 1
40 13.151$ 0.66 0 ! 0 6.115$ 0.66 / ! 1
5 % 3" % 3" 2

6. Calculate: L4 by trial and error from the equation:

L 43 0 1.5L 42 *l2 0 L 2 0 L3 + (
-
3P *L1 0 L 2 0 L3 + ( z 0 l1 * +. ) 0
-, *k
'
p ( ka +.
Noting that : l1 = 1m, kp = 3.25
l2 = 1m, ka = 0.307

3*58.32+-*2 0 3 0 0.66+ ( *2.33 0 1+.

L 4 0 1.5L 4 *1 0 3 0 0.66+ (
3 2
) 0 or
-9.52*3.25 ( 0.307+.
L34 0 6.99L24 ( 14.55 ) 0

The value of L4 is obtained by trial and error, as shown in the Table below:

Assumed L4 (m) Left side of Eq. Above

2.0 +21.41
1.5 + 3.55
1.4 + 2.89 Approximate Answer
1.3 ( 0.54

The preceding table shows that L4 is approximately equal to 1.4m.

2 of 3 Advanced Foundation Engineering

Example 3: Anchored Sheet Pile in Sand
Dr. Adnan A. Basma
7. Calculate: Dtheoretical = L3 + L4 = 0.66 + 1.4 = 2.06 m

Dactual = 1.4Dtheory =(1.4)(2.06) =2.88 m (round off to 2.9 m)

8. Calculate: Force in anchor rod

F)P(
2
- .
, *k p ( k a + / L24 ) 58.32 ( -9.52*3.25 ( 0.307 +.*1.4 + ) 30.86kN / m
1 ' 1
2
2

9.
'
* +
Calculate: p8 ) , k p ( k a / L 4 ) 9.52*3.25 ( 0.307 +*1.4 + ) 39.2kN / m
2
and

Draw the sheet pile (similar to page 1) with the estimated values in steps 1-8

10. Calculate: zm for zero shear, hence, Mmax by :

p1L1 ( F 0 p1*zm ( L1 + 0 k a , ' *zm ( L1 + ) 0

1 1 2

2 2

1
*9.763 +*2+ ( 30.86 0 *9.763 +*zm ( 2+ 0 1 *0.307 +*9.52 +*' zm ( 2+2 ) 0
2 2

Let zm – 2 = x, So 9.763 – 30.86 + 9.763x + 1.461x2 = 0 or

x2 + 6.682x – 14.44 = 0 7 x = 1.72 m, and

zm= x + 2 = 1.72 + 2 = 3.72 m

L1 8 zm 8 *L1 0 L 2 + check

11. Calculate: Mmax by summing moments at a point zm = 3.72 m (zero shear force) from
surface or from x = 1.72 m.

&1 #6 & 1# 3 2& x #

Mmax ) ($ p1L1 ! 4 x 0 $ !*2+1 0 F*x 0 1+ ( *p1x + ( k a , ' *x + $ !
x 1
%2 "5 %3" 2 2 2 %3"

9.763*1.72+ *0.307+*9.52+*1.72+
2 3
Mmax ) (*9.763 +*2.387 + 0 *30.86+*2.72+ ( (
2 6
) (23.3 0 83.94 ( 14.44 ( 2.48 ) 43.72kN ( m / m

Mmax 43.72
12. Calculate: S ) ) = 0.253 x 10-3 m3/m (or 25.3 x 10-5 m3/m)
9 all 172.5 / 10 3

Use PMA-22 (S = 29 x 10-5 m3 / m )

Selection of section is based on S from Table of Sheet Pile Section Properties.

3 of 3 Advanced Foundation Engineering

Example 3: Anchored Sheet Pile in Sand
Dr. Adnan A. Basma