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THE TRANSPORT OF SUBSTANCES IN PLANTS

THE STEM
1. Stem has an epidermis layer that maintain shape of the stem. 2. Inside the epidermis is the cortex layer. 3. Cortex layer made up of parenchyma cell which provide support and flexibility to the stem. 4. Inner parts of stem consist of vascular tissue and pith. The pith used for storage in young plants.

5. In dicotyledonous plants, vascular tissue of the stem are grouped together to form vascular bundles. 6. Each bundle, xylem is found towards the inside of stem, while phloem is found towards the outside. 7. Tissue called cambium found between them. The cambium can divide resulting in increase in the radius of the stem.

THE ROOT
1. The epidermis of root does not have waxy cuticles. 2. Next to epidermis is called the cortex. The cortex is made up of parenchyma cells which store starch grains. 3. After the cortex is a single layer called endodermis. 4. Inside endodermis is the pericycle.

5. Pericycle consists of sclerenchyma tissue which provides mechanical support for the root. 6. The xylem radiates from the centre of the vascular cylinder, forming a star shape, while phloem fills the area between the xylem.

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