DEKOMPOSISI LU

Selesaikanlah SPL berikut dgn eliminasi gaus :

x + y – z = -1
x – 2y + 3z = 13
y+z=7
JAWAB :
A=|1 1 -1| x=|x| b=|-1|
|1 -2 3| |y| |13|
|0 1 1| |z| |7|

A = L.U ; L = …? ; U = …?
A L U
|1 1 -1| |L11 0 0| |1 U12 U13|
|1 -2 3| = |L21 L22 0 | |0 1 U23|
|0 1 1| |L31 L32 L33| |0 0 1 |
= |L12 L11.U12 L21.U13 |
|L21 L11.U12+L22 L21.U13+L22.U23 |
|L31 L31.U12+L32 L31.U13+L32.U23+L23|

L11=1;L21=1;L31=0
L11.U12=1  U12=1
L11.U12+L22= -2
1 +L22= -2
L22= -2 -1 = -3
L31.U12+L32=1
0 +L32=1
L21.U13= -1
U13= -1
L21.U13+L22.U23 = 3
-1 +(-3).U23=3
-3U23=4
U23= -4/3
L31.U13+L32.U23+L33=1
0 . -1 + 1 . -4/3+L33=1
L33=7/3

L = |1 0 0 | U = |1 1 -1 |
|1 -3 0 | |0 1 -4/3|
|0 1 7/3| |0 0 1 |

Ax = b
LUx = b, missal Ux = y
Ly = b  Ketemu y
Ux = y  Ketemu x
Ly = b
|1 0 0 | |y1| | -1 |
|1 -3 0 | |y2| = | 13 |
|0 1 7/3| |y3| | 7 |
y1 = -1
y1 – 3y2 = 13  y2 = -14/3
y2 + 7/3y3 = 7
7/3y3 = 35/3  y3 = 5

Ux = y
|1 1 -1 | |x| | -1 |
|0 1 -4/3| |y| = |-14/3|
|0 0 1 | |z| | 5 |

z=5
y – 4/3z = -14/3  y – 4/3 . 5 = -14/3
y – 20/3 = -14/3
y = -14/3 + 20/3
= 6/3 = 2
x + y – z = -1 x = -2 + 5 -1
=3
INTERPOLASI LINIER
Persamaan :
y - yn = yn+1 - yn  y = yn + yn+1 - yn (x – xn)
x - xn xn+1 - xn xn+1 - xn
contoh :
Data Discrate

x y
0,2 10,1 Di x = 0,25  y =…? (dgn Interpolasi Linier)

0,3 12,5 y = yn + yn+1 - yn (x – xn)

0,4 14,2 xn+1 - xn

0,5 17,8 y = 10,1 + 12,5 - 10,1 (0,25 – 0,2)

0,3 - 0,2
0,6 19,3
= ………….

Di x = 0,43  y =…?
y = 14,2 + 17,8 - 14,2 (0,43 – 0,4)
0,5 - 0,4
= ……..
INTERPOLASI NEWTON GREGORY

x y
10 0,17365
20 0,34202
30 0,50000
40 0,64279
50 0,76604
60 0,86603

Hitung y untuk x = 23
Tabulasi yg diperlukan
xi yi ∆ yi ∆2 yi ∆ 3yi ∆ 4yi ∆5 yi
10 0,17365
0,16837
20 0,34202 -0,01039
0,15798 -0,00480
30 0,50000 -0,01519 0,00045
0,14279 -0,00435 0,00018
40 0,64279 -0,01954 0,00063
0,12325 -0,00372
50 0,76604 -0,02326
0,09999
60 0,86603
Misal dipilih x0=20 maka nilai yg dipakai dalam tabel diagonal mulai
x0=20
Jika dipakai “first order difference” saja, maka :
y(23)= y0 + y0 (23 – x0) = 0,34202 + 0,15798 (23-20)
h 10
= 0,38941

Jika dipakai “first second order difference” maka :

y(23)= y0 + ∆ y0 (23 – x0) + ∆ 2y (23 – x0) (23 – x1)
h 2h2
= 0,38941 + (-0.01519)(3)(-7)
200
= …….
CURVE FITTING
Kurva Linier
y=f(x)  y=a+bx
a = ∑yi - b ∑xi = ‘y – b’x
n n
b = n∑xiyi - ∑xi ∑yi
n.∑xi2 - (∑xi)2
contoh :

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 7 10 12,5 15,5 17,6 21
Tentukan Persamaan garis lurus yang paling cocok dengan data diatas
xi yi xi2 xi yi b = n∑xiyi - ∑xi ∑yi
1 7 1 7 n.∑xi2 - (∑xi)2
2 10 4 20 = 6 . (340,5) - (21) . (83,6)
3 12,5 9 37,5 6 . (91) - (21)2
4 15,5 16 62 = 2,7
5 17,6 25 88 a = ∑yi - b ∑xi

6 21 36 126 n n

∑xi = ∑yi= ∑xi2= ∑xiyi= =83,6 - (2,7) 21 = 4,5

21 83,6 91 340,5 6 6

y=a+bx  y = 4,5 + 2,7x

f(15) = 4,5 + 2,7(15) = ?
Kurva Non Linier
a). y= a . ebx
proses linierisasi : y= a . ebx
ln y = ln a . ebx
ln y = ln a + ln ebx
ln y = ln a + bx
y = a + bx
b). y = a . xb
proses linierisasi: y= a . xb
log y = log a . xb
log y = log a + log xb
log y = log a + b log x
y = a + bx
contoh:
diberikan data sebagai berikut :

x 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 2,1 4 18,2 30 48 73

Tentukan persamaan garis yg paling cocok dengan data diatas :

Penyelesaian :
y= a . xb
xi yi Xi = log xi Yi = log yi Xi . Yi Xi2

1 2,1 Log 1= 0 Log 2,1= 0,32 0 0

2 4 Log 2= 0,3 Log 4= 0,6 0,18 0,09
3 18,2 Log 3= 0,47 Log 18,2= 1,26 0,59 0,22
4 30 Log 4= 0,6 Log 30= 1,47 0,882 0,36
5 48 Log 5= 0,69 Log 48= 1,68 1,16 0,476
6 73 Log 6= 0,778 Log 73= 1,86 1,44 0,605

∑Xi=2,838 ∑Yi=7,19 ∑Xi .Yi=4,252 ∑Xi2=1,751

b = n∑XiYi - ∑Xi ∑Yi

n.∑Xi2 - (∑Xi)2
= 6 . (4,252) - (2,838) . (7,19) = 2,082
6 . (1,751) - (2,838)2

A = ∑Yi - b ∑Xi A = log a

n n log a = 0,213
= 7,19 - (2,082) (2,838) a = 100,213
6 6 = 1,6
Persamaan kurva non linier
= 0,213 y= a . xb  y= 1,6 . x2,082
Soal
diberikan data sebagai berikut :

x 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4

y 3 6,8 12 19 29 35 48

Dengan dugaan bahwa kurva yg cocok dgn data diatas berbentuk

y= a . xb , tentukan nilai a dan b dgn linierisasi
xi yi Xi = log xi Yi = log yi Xi . Yi Xi2

1 3 Log 1= 0 Log 3= 0,477 0 0

1,5 6,8 Log 1,5= 0,176 Log 6,8= 0,832 0,146 0,030
2 12 Log 2= 0,302 Log 12= 1,079 0,325 0,090
2,5 19 Log 2,5= 0,398 Log 19= 1,279 0,509 0,158
3 29 Log 3= 0,477 Log 29= 1,462 1,697 0,227
3,5 35 Log 3,5= 0,544 Log 35= 1,544 1,840 0,296
4 48 Log 4= 0,602 Log 48= 1,581 1,012 0,362
∑=2,498 ∑=8,354 ∑=3,529 ∑=1,163
b = n∑XiYi - ∑Xi ∑Yi
n.∑Xi2 - (∑Xi)2
= 7 . (3,529) - (2,498) . (8,354) = 2,017
7 . (1,163) - (2,498)2

A = ∑Yi - b ∑Xi A = log a

n n log a = 0,474
= 8,354 - (2,017) (2,498) a = 100,474
7 7 = 2,978
Persamaan kurva non linier
= 0,474 y= a . xb  y= 2,978 . x2,017