GEMPA BUMI
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
DEFORMASI DAN GEMPA BUMI
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
BENCANA ALAM AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
•1755 - Lisbon, Portugal
• Killed 70,000, Raised Waves in Lakes all over Europe
•First Scientifically Studied Earthquake
•1811-1812 - New Madrid, Missouri
•Felt over 2/3 of the U.S.
•Few Casualties
•1886 - Charleston, South Carolina
•Felt All over East Coast, Killed Several Hundred.
•First Widely-known U.S. Earthquake
•1906 - San Francisco
•Killed 500 (later studies, possibly 2,500)
•First Revealed Importance of Faults
•1923 - Tokyo
•Killed 140,000
•1964 - Alaska
•Killed about 200
•Wrecked Anchorage.
•Tsunamis on West Coast.
•1976 - Tangshan, China
•Hit an Urban Area of Ten Million People
•Killed 650,000
• 2004 - North Sumatra (Aceh)
Geology ITB
STATISTIK GEMPA BUMI BESAR AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
ELASTIC REBOND THEORY AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
BODY WAVES
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
SURFACE WAVES
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
SEISMOGRAPH
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
SEISMOGRAPH
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
SEISMOGRAPH - SEISMOGRAM
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
GEMPA BUMI (FORCE OF NATURE) AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
GROUND RUPTURE (FAULT PLANE) AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
DETERMINATION OF CRUSTAL DISPLACEMENTS
FAULT TYPES
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Measuring Earthquakes Magnitude
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
SKALA GEMPA BUMI AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
Frequency-Intensity-Magnitude Relations
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
EARTHQUAKES STATISTIC
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Number Magnitude
2 8+
20 7-7.9
120 6-6.9
800 5-5.9
6,200 4-4.9
Magnitude 3 ~ Daily
49,000 3-3.9 Magnitude 5 ~ Yearly
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Gempa Bumi
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Gempa Bumi
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
LIQUEFACTION AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
LIQUEFACTION
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
DRY COMPACTION
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
LIQUEFACTION
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
DISTRIBUSI GEMPA BUMI AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
EARTHQUAKES DISTRIBUTIONS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
BATAS TRANSFORM
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
A. BATAS COLLISION
Jalur lebar Pusat Gempa
Dangkal sepanjang
sistem sesar kompleks
B. BATAS SUBDUCTION
Pusat Gempa terjadi
pada bagian atas
lempeng menunjam
karena Tension,
Underthrusting dan
Compression
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Gempa Dalam
100 – 670 km
>> Benioff Zone
Benioff Zone
diawali pada
palung dan
kedalam kontinen
A. Bagian Atas
B. BZ sampai
pada 670 km
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Lempeng menunjam
kemungkinan dapat sobek
dan berubah penunjaman
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
FAULT RUPTURES
UP
Geology ITB
Chi-chi Fault 1999 (Taiwan), Mo=7.3
AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
UP
Chi-chi Fault 1999 (Taiwan) Death toll ~ 200 peoples
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
FAULT TYPES
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
WORLD SEISMICITY
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
WORLD HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
EARTHQUAKES STATISTIC
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMI
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
EARTHQUAKES AND TSUNAMI
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
BANDA ACEH, DECEMBER 2004
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Tsunami Generation
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
TSUNAMI
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY
• Salah satu hasil seismik tomografi memperkuat bukti bagi adanya aliran
mantel vertikal yang mampu menukar bahan mineral antara litosfer dan
mantel bawah, bahkan mencapai dasar mantel bawah.
AHH-08
Geology ITB
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY AHH-08
GEODYNAMICS
Geology ITB
SEISMIC TOMOGRAPHY AHH-08