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c 




× action in the past taking place ` 


` 

He spoke. yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the
× actions taking place one after another
Simple Past  He did not speak. other day, last Friday
Did he speak? × action taking place in the middle of if sentence type II (m mO aº
another action

× action 3` 3` at a certain time in


the past
He was speaking.
× actions taking place at the same time
Past Progressive  He was not speaking. when, while, as long as
Was he speaking? × action in the past that is interrupted
by another action

× action taking place before a certain


time in the past
He had spoken. × sometimes interchangeable with past already, just, never, not yet, once, until
Past Perfect Simple  He had not spoken. perfect progressive that day
Had he spoken? if sentence type III (m m! O aº
× putting emphasis only on the ¦

(not the duration)

× action taking place before a certain


time in the past
He had been speaking. × sometimes interchangeable with past
Past Perfect Progressive  He had not been speaking. perfect simple for, since, the whole day, all day
Had he been speaking?
× putting emphasis on the R 
` `
`  of an action

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