Standard for systemised building envelopes

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Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

AIR, WATER AND WIND RESISTANCE

3.1 Scope

1

3.1.1

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General

This Standard is concerned with elements of the building envelope constructed predominantly from fully finished components and assemblies.

This includes all windows, doors, cappings, flashings, parapets, louvres and other penetrations through the envelope.

Interfaces to adjacent elements of the building envelope should also comply with the performance criteria of this Standard.

These elements of the envelope may be called:

Curtain walling Rainscreen cladding Composite panel systems Slope glazing

Window wall

Glazing screen

Glazed roofing

Double skin facades

This Standard is concerned with the complete envelope and its structural support, not solely with the outer cladding elements.

3.1.2 Environments

3.1.3

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3.2

The environmental conditions given in this Standard are applicable throughout the UK. They are also applicable in similar climates elsewhere but may need to be modified when specifying and testing facades to be constructed in other climates.

Building Regulations

The envelope shall also comply with the Building Regulations or local building code. This document refers to the Building Regulations for England and Wales, but these are crossreferenced to the equivalent regulations for Scotland and Northern Ireland in Appendix A.

Introduction

Weathertightness includes:

• Air permeability.

• Resistance to water leakage.

• Wind resistance.

The performance requirements in this section are applicable to areas of building envelope using the forms of construction covered by this Standard. The Specifier needs to consider the application of these requirements to operable components and interfaces between areas of different construction.

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

Operable components including windows and doors may be designed to meet these requirements where the opening component seals against a gasket in a rebated frame but some designs including frameless glass doors, sliding doors and pivot windows may require a modified level of performance. Requirements for operable components are given in Part 4 of this Standard.

backing wall.

Interfaces have to be designed and constructed so that the building may pass a whole building air leakage test as required by AD L2.

The Specifier shall state the areas of building facade to which these requirements apply, and where different requirements apply to particular elements the appropriate requirement shall be stated.

For rainscreens it is important to control air leakage at interfaces between the backing wall and windows or doors.

The permissible air infiltration at an intermediate pressure pn shall be determined using the following formula:

Interfaces between areas constructed from different building envelope systems (e.g. the interface between a curtain wall and a rainscreen or root) may be required to meet different weathertightness requirements, particularly in respect of air permeability, compared to the adjacent areas of wall and the requirements shall be specified.

Where On is the permissible leakage rate at the required pressure Pn and 00 is the permissible leakage rate at the peak test pressure Po'

3.3 Air permeability

3.3.1

In addition, there shall be no regions of concentrated air flow through the building envelope, its closures, or any opening light, door or smoke ventilator fitted into the building envelope.

Objective

Unless otherwise specified, the building envelope system shall be designed to restrict air flow through the building envelope in the interests of:

Concentrated airflow gives rise to draughts. There is no simple measure of acceptable concentrated airflow but it may be detected by measuring velocities with a hot wire anemometer or using smoke. Unacceptable concentrated airflow is likely to be associated with discontinuities in the envelope such as frame and gasket joints.

a) Occupier comfort.

b) Limitation of heat loss/gain.

3.3.2.2

Test pressure

The peak test pressure shall be determined by the Specifier using one of the classes in BS EN 12152 as follows:

Any remedial modification to the test specimen that is made in order to pass this test shall be reported and incorporated in the installed building envelope.

c) Reduction of wind noise.

All envelope systems rely on good air seals. High air leakage rates under test indicate that the system is not performing satisfactorily. This is particularly important for pressure-equalised systems where high air leakage rates may indicate that the system will not perform satisfactorily for water penetration resistance.

Class

Peak pressure

The greatest air leakage normally occurs at interfaces between assemblies and zones. The Specifier should assign responsibility for each interface to the designer and constructor of a particular zone.

A2 A3 A4

AE xxxx

300 Pa 450 Pa 600 Pa >600 Pa

Occupier discomfort may be caused by excessive or concentrated air infiltration when high wind pressures occur outside.

Table 3. 1 Air permeability classes

Heat loss/gain is reduced by limiting airflow on a typical day when wind pressures are low. Gross air movement through a building under these conditions may be limited by limiting either infiltration (inflow) or exfiltration (outflow).

The recommended minimum peak test pressure is given in Part 1, Table 1.1 of this Standard. A higher test pressure may be specified where a more airtight building is required.

3.3.2

Allowable air leakage rates at pressures below the peak pressure are shown in Figures 3.1 and 3.2.

Performance criteria

3.3.2.1 Allowable air infiltration

At the peak test pressure, the permissible air infiltration rate through the building envelope system shall not exceed 1.5 m3/hm2, excluding any leakage through opening joints.

The selection of suitable peak test pressure is dependent on the environmental conditions required within the building, and not on the degree of exposure to the weather. The Specifier must decide the level of airtightness appropriate for the particular building noting that for many building envelopes most air leakage is associated with interfaces at the perimeter of the envelope systems and around operable components within the envelope.

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At the peak test pressure, the permissible air infiltration through opening joints shall not exceed 2.0 mvhm.

Allowable overall air leakage rates for buildings are given in Building Regulations AD L2.

Air leakage at interfaces between assemblies or zones shall be commensurate with that of the most permeable zone adjacent to the interface.

For pressure-equalised cavities the air permeability of the air barrier shall be less than one tenth of the air permeability of the rainscreen. The Building Envelope Contractor may set a tighter air permeability criterion to ensure pressure-equalisation.

This Clause does not apply to rainscreen overcladding where the air barrier is provided by a

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

2.0

I Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance
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AD L2 requires a whole building air leakage test to show that the air leakage is no greater than
that assumed in the building energy model. This value is likely to lie in the range 3-1 Om3/hm2.
However, air leakage is generally greater at interfaces and the specifier may wish to prove a
lower air leakage rate for the main elements to allow for higher air leakage elsewhere in the
envelope .
It may not be possible to obtain the performance given by the lines in Figures 3.1 and 3.2
, ... Internal pressures in the building will depend on both air infiltration and exfiltration. If it is desired
I
to calculate the internal pressures then the Specifier may require an air exfiltration test at the
same peak pressure as the infiltration test in order to ascertain the exfiltration rate. However, the
,:;, exfiltration rate is likely to be higher than the infiltration rate.
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3.3.3 Testing III
3.3.3.1 Applicability
Building envelope systems with framing members will deflect under wind load and this may
)1 ~( disrupt the seals. Testing of a laboratory sample is the only way of demonstrating control of air
leakage for these systems.
Ventilated rainscreens may form an overcladding on a masonry or similar back wall. Airtightness
of the masonry back wall is normally controlled by the internal plaster or dry lining system and is
not reliant on seals within the cladding system. Testing for airtightness on laboratory test
specimens is not appropriate for this form of construction. Airtightness of masonry walls is
dependent on robust detailing and site workmanship.
3.3.3.2 Test method
The specimen shall be tested according to the procedure given in Section 5 of Standard test
methods for building envelopes.
3.3.3.3 Optional tests II
In some cases the Specifier may wish to ensure that air permeability will not increase due to 'I
stresses induced by temperature changes or structural movement and may require repeat [I
measurement of air permeability following thermal cycling or movement of the specimen to
ascertain realistic leakage rates. II
Q)) ~() The Specifier should not require these tests as a default. They are performed for a minority of II
projects but the Specifier may be able to justify them for certain operating conditions.
3.4 Water penetration resistance I Iii
3.4.1 Objective il
The building envelope system shall be designed to prevent the penetration of water in the
interests of:
a) Maintaining a dry internal environment.
b) Durability of envelope components and finishes.
3.4.2 Performance criteria
3.4.2.1 Limits on water penetration
There shall be no leakage onto the internal face of the building envelope system at any time
W ~U during the test. Figure 3. 1 Allowable air infiltration on an area basis (log-log plot)

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N 1.0
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~ ~ v V
./ V
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V /" ......
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./ ...... v ~v
t-
A2/ V V V V V
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A3/ ~ V
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A4 0.1 10

100

50

300

600

Pressure (Pa)

2.0

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...... ./ ./
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A2 V ./ V V
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100

50

300

600

Pressure (Pa)

Figure 3.2 Allowable air infiltration through opening joints (log-log plot)

3.3.2.3 Exfiltration

At test pressures up to 100 Pa the permissible air exfiltration rate through the building envelope system shall not exceed the values stated by the Specifier.

Limiting infiltration will normally provide sufficient control of air leakage through a building envelope. However, gaskets and seals may perform differently under positive and negative pressures and this may affect interpretation of whole building air leakage tests which are generally carried out with positive internal pressure.

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b) Moisture migrating from the inner surface of the wall, and

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

At the completion of the test there shall be no standing water in locations intended to remain dry.

It may not be possible to use a dynamic fan if features such as brise soleil are to be included in the test panel.

Any remedial modification to the test specimen that is made in order to pass this test shall be reported and incorporated in the installed building envelope.

When testing slope glazing the dynamic fan will cause a primary airflow that is not perpendicular to the plane of the building envelope. As a result:

To avoid difficulty in interpreting the results it is good practice to agree which materials and zones within the building envelope may be allowed to get wet.

It may not be possible to develop the required pressures.

3.4.2.2 Test pressure

The peak test pressure shall be determined by the Specifier using one of the classes in BS EN 12154 as follows:

ii The airflow generated may carry water off the surface of the envelope rather than on to it.

For building envelopes and slope glazing a dynamic test is optional for test pressures below 600 Pa and mandatory for test pressures of 600 Pa and above.

Class Peak pressure
R5 300 Pa
R6 450 Pa
R7 600 Pa
RE .xxxx >600 Pa If required the specimen shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 7 or Section 8 of Standard test methods for building envelopes.

The Specifier shall state which method is to be used.

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The dynamic fan test was introduced as a European standard method of test in 2001.

Table 3.2 Water penetration classes

If the dynamic fan test is used with open joints then it may cause unrepresentative volumes of air to pass through the cavities of the envelope.

The minimum recommended peak test pressure is given in Part 1 , Table 1.1 of this Standard. Class R4 is not recommended for use in the UK climate.

The dynamic aero engine test has been in use in the UK for many years. It is the preferred way of testing rainscreens and envelopes with open joints as it is capable of simultaneously pressurising all of the face openings into a compartment.

The selection of the test pressure is based on the degree of exposure to the weather. Where justifiable the Specifier may wish to test the envelope to higher pressures than indicated in Part 1, Table 1.1, ofthis Standard.

The aero engine test will also act as a shakedown test for components such as brise soleil.

3.4.3

Testing

3.4.4

Ventilation of rainscreen cavities

Two methods of testing are commonplace for proving the design of a system for resistance to water penetration:

3.4.4.1 General

All rainscreen cavities shall be ventilated to remove moisture that arises from:

3.4.3.1 Static test method

This test generates a static air pressure difference across the building envelope whilst spraying water over the test specimen at a fixed volumetric flow rate.

a) Water penetrating the rainscreen, and

The specimen shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 6 of Standard test methods for building envelopes.

c) Condensation.

This method is not applicable to rainscreen walls but could be applied to the backing wall where this is of watertight construction.

With the exception of insulated glazing units, it should be assumed that no cavity can ever be fully sealed. Accordingly deliberate steps should be taken for it to be properly ventilated.

3.4.3.2 Dynamic test method

Dynamic testing may be employed, using either:

3.4.4.2 Requirements

All cavities with openings to the exterior shall be adequately ventilated.

b) Dynamic fan.

The positioning of joints and vents shall be co-ordinated with compartments and closers. Joints shall be of minimum dimension as described in Clause 3.4.4.3. Cavity widths shall be of minimum dimension as described in Clause 3.4.4.4.

a) Dynamic aero engine, or

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Both methods are suitable for use on curtain walling if the only openings in the face of the wall are protected drainage openings. The dynamic fan method is not suitable for use on rainscreens and other envelopes with open joints or ventilation openings.

Neither method is suitable for testing slope glazing with a low slope as water is often blown off the specimen rather than onto it.

a) All joints shall have a minimum opening of 6 mm.

Transverse framing members shall be designed to minimize the accumulation of water on slope glazing systems.

Standard for systemised building envelopes

Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

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3.4.5

Additional requirements for slope glazing

3.4.4.3 Rainscreen joints

Where open, baffled open or labyrinth joints are used the minimum joint opening shall be limited

as follows:

Discharges from down-pipes and other concentrations of rainwater shall not be allowed to flow over any sloping part of the building envelope.

b) Joints that are required to remain unblocked shall have a minimum opening of 10 mm.

6 mm is the minimum opening through which water will drain freely.

For glazings and other infillings with a slope of less than 15° from horizontal, all weatherings and flashings shall be sealed to the infilling.

Joint opening is the diameter of the largest cylinder that can be rolled fully through the joint.

Slope glazing systems shall be designed so that water penetration into any transverse framing member can drain freely to the outside of the building.

Where joints have a minimum opening of less than 10 mm the joints may become blocked by snow or ice. This will compromise the pressure-equalisation and the rainscreen may be subject to the full external wind load.

3.5

Wind resistance - serviceability

3.5.1

Objective

3.4.4.4 Rainscreen cavities

The ventilation path shall comprise a cavity gap, of minimum dimension shown in Table 3.3, immediately behind the rainscreen. The area of the path shall not be reduced by more than fifty per cent at fire barriers or support rails.

The building envelope shall be capable of accommodating the design loads without any reduction in the specified performance.

3.5.2.1 Allowable deflection

The allowable deflection of framing members is limited by:

These dimensions ensure that no blocking of the cavity occurs.

3.5.2 Performance criteria

This can be achieved by using intumescent fire barriers. Alternatively the cavity can be completely closed at fire barriers and ventilation openings provided above and below the closer.

It is important that the designer and contractor are aware that the minimum dimension is the absolute minimum. Building irregularities, insulation, and framework must never compromise the cavity gap.

a) Visual acceptance criteria.

Strongly deflected glazing can cause feelings of discomfort, as well as producing distorted reflections. Visual distortion is controlled by limits on deflection measured between points of support as given in Clause 3.5.2.2.

b) The need to support the infill.

The design of the infill normally assumes continuous support along the edge of the panel. To provide support the framing member must be stiffer than the panel it supports. Deflection limits vary with the type of infill and are related to the length of the supported edge as given in Clauses 3.5.2.3 to 3.5.2.7.

Joint type

Air gap Typical panel type Design joint to:
25 mm minimum Any Suit the sealant system
Drained-and-ventilated
25 mm minimum Any Allow for movement and tolerance VI ~(Q
Drained-and-ventilated
38 mm minimum
Drained-and-ventilated or Pressed metal Allow for movement and tolerance
pressure-equalised Terracotta and provide the required gap width
38 mm minimum High pressure laminates Allow for movement and tolerance "I
Drained-and-ventilated or GFRP and provide the required gap width
pressure-equalised Fibre cements
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50 mm minimum Natural stone Allow for movement and tolerance
Pressure-equalised only and provide the required gap width d) The need to maintain the effectiveness of seals.

Seals between envelope components will be subject to deformation as the envelope deflects. Seals are designed and tested to work at the allowable deflections given in the Standard.

Sealed joints

Closed joints

Labyrinth joints

c) The need to maintain performance of the envelope at interfaces.

Deflection of a building envelope will affect interfaces with other components of the structure. For example it may result in contact with a backing wall or internal partition and will determine the amount of movement at joints with other forms of wall construction. The Specifier shall state any additional requirements required for this purpose.

Baffled joints

Open joints

Joint types are defined in Part 1 of this Standard.

Table 3.3 Joint and cavity combinations for rainscreens

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

Framing members generally

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, the maximum normal-toplane deflection shall not exceed:

3.5.2.4

3.5.2.2

These normal-to-plane deflection limits apply to all framing members irrespective of orientation.

I I

I

II

3.5.2.3

III III

II

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I I I I I I I

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Length

Allowable deflection

1

H:;:; 3000

3000 < H < 7500 7500:;:; H

/'I.:;:; H/200

/'I.:;:; 5 + H/300 /'I.:;:; H/250

I

3.5.2.6

All dimensions are given in mm

3.5.2.5

Figure 3.3 Overall deflection of framing members

A lower value may be required to ensure curvature and rotations are less than those obtained in a previous test, Clause 1.5.5.

Deflections are measured relative to the connections of the mullions to a support bracket.

For mullions no greater than 3000 mm these limits are taken from as EN 13830.

For spans greater than 7500 mm these limits are taken from as 8118-1.

Localised deflections

Localised normal-to-plane deflections measured over a single infill panel, glazing unit or other component, as shown in Figure 3.4, shall be limited to the values given in Clauses 3.5.2.4 to 3.5.2.7.

3.5.2.7

L = Dimension of infill panel, glazing unit or other component /'I. = Maximum allowable deflection

ML:;:; Value given in Clauses 3.5.2.4 to 3.5.2.7

Figure 3.4 Localised deflection of framing members

Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

Framing members with single glazing

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, the maximum deflection shall not exceed:

For four edge support:

• 1/125 of their length measured along the pane edge.

For two edge support:

• 1000/180 of the square of their span between supports, where deflection is measured in mm and span in metres.

Deflection limits are governed primarily by glass behaviour and not by the framing material. These values are taken from as 6262-5, for glazing and as 5516-1 for patent glazing. A different value is given in as 8118-1 for structural use of aluminium.

Framing members with double glazing units

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, the maximum deflection shall not exceed:

For four-edge support:

• 1/175 of their length measured along the unit edge, or 15 mm, or more restrictive limits if set by the unit manufacturer, whichever is the lesser.

For two-edge support:

• 1000/540 of the square of their span between supports, where deflection is measured in mm and span in metres, or 20 mm, or more restrictive limits if set by the unit manufacturer, whichever is the lesser.

Deflection limits are governed primarily by glass behaviour and not by the framing material. These values are taken from as 6262-5, for glazing and as 5516-1 for patent glazing. A different value is given in as 8118 for structural use of aluminium.

Framing members supporting sealed multiple glazing units incorporating three or more panes of glass

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, the maximum deflection shall not exceed:

• The deflection limits agreed with the unit manufacturer.

Surfaces and framing members to which brittle materials such as plasterboard or natural stone units are to be fixed

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, the maximum deflection shall not exceed:

• The deflection limits agreed with the material supplier.

Where heating panels or other services appliances are to be fitted to the building envelope, acceptable deflection limits should be established by the Specifier at the time of tender, in conjunction with the services consultant. Heating panels may also generate thermal stresses in the building envelope.

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

In the absence of specified information the following default values are recommended:

Brittle materials such as plasterboard:

1/360 of the extent of the board, or 10 mm whichever is the lesser.

ii Natural stone units:

1/360 of their length measured along the stone edge, or 3 mm, whichever is the lesser (smaller deflections may be appropriate depending on the size of stone and method of fixing).

3.5.2.8 Spandrel systems spanning horizontally between load-resisting attachments to the main building frame

The Specifier shall state the maximum allowable deflections.

When specifying allowable spandrel deflections it is necessary to consider:

Interaction of spandrel panels with floor slabs.

ii Interaction of spandrels and windows.

iii Effect on internal finishes.

iv Effect on seals around spandrel panels.

3.5.2.9 Rainscreen panels

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, the maximum deflection shall not exceed:

• 1/90 of the span measured between the points of attachment of the panel for aluminium, glass and steel, or

• 1/360 of the span measured between the points of attachment, or 3 mm whichever is the lesser, for stone and similar brittle materials, or

• More restrictive limits set by the panel manufacturer.

Greater deflections may be allowable.

3.5.2.10 Air barriers

Deflection of air barriers should be limited so that wind loads are not inadvertently transferred to parts of the envelope or building not designed to carry them.

3.5.2.11 Residual deformation of framing members

After loading to the peak test pressure and unloading, residual deformation to frame members shall nowhere be more than five per cent of the maximum measured deformation or 1.0 mm, whichever is the greater, with one hour being allowed for recovery. This requirement applies separately to both positive and negative pressures.

The alternative of 1.0 mm does not appear in BS EN 13116 but is included here as it is not always possible to measure five per cent of what may be a very small displacement.

Greater residual deformation should be investigated. Residual deformations due to frictional slippage between components such as gaskets may be acceptable although it does not comply with BS EN 13116. Residual deformation due to plastic deformation of components is never acceptable.

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Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

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3.5.2.12 Displacement of supports

Displacement of framing members at points of support shall be minimised and shall be less than 2 mm taken as the difference between the position under peak positive load and peak negative load.

3.5.2.13 Air infiltration

The air infiltration of the building envelope system after application of the peak test pressure shall meet the criteria given in Clause 3.3.2 and shall not exceed that measured before application of the serviceability wind load by more than 0.3m3/hm2 at the peak test pressure.

This may be demonstrated by following one of the test sequences given in Clause 8. 12.

3.5.2.14 Watertightness

The watertightness of the building envelope system after application of the peak test pressure shall meet the criteria given in Clause 3.4.2.

This may be demonstrated by following one of the test sequences given in Clause 8. 12.

3.5.3

Testing

The specimen shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 11 and, if necessary, Section 13 of Standard test methods for building envelopes.

The peak test pressure shall be equal to the design wind pressure.

3.5.4

Design calculations

3.5.4.1 Basis of calculation

When calculating deflections and stresses, it shall be normal practice to take no account of the additional stiffness imparted by glazing units, spandrel panels, glazing beads, pressure-plates, decorative capping pieces, etc.

While these components impart additional stiffness there is no practical method of calculating it, Indeed, many such components are secured by wedge interlock or intermittent fixing, making assessment of their effect lmposslbte. Moreover, joints/interfaces which stick when dry may slide freely when wetted.

3.5.4.2 Need for testing

In exceptional circumstances, to be agreed between the Specifier and the Building Envelope Contractor, Clause 3.5.4.1 may be disregarded and the additional stiffness imparted by certain of these elements included when calculating deflections and stresses of framing members.

In these circumstances, the calculations shall be verified by testing of the project-specific application.

Certain panel, or unitised frame, systems may be designed more economically when these factors are taken into account.

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

3.6

Wind resistance - safety

3.6.1

Objective

The building envelope shall transmit the static and dynamic design loads to the building's structure via the points of support provided for the purpose with an adequate margin of safety.

3.6.2

Performance criteria

3.6.2.1 Integrity of building envelope system

At both positive and negative applications of the peak test pressure, there shall be no permanent damage to framing members, panels, or anchors. Framing members shall not be buckled. Panels, glazing beads, and decorative capping pieces shall remain securely held, and gaskets shall not be displaced.

3.6.2.2 Residual deformation

After loading to the positive and negative peak test pressure, residual deformation of framing members shall not exceed 1/500 of the span, measured between points of attachment to the building, one hour after the loading has been removed.

This is a safety test and the envelope is not required to provide the specified air and water penetration resistance after the test.

3.6.2.3 Displacement of supports

Displacement of framing members at supports shall not exceed 3 mm taken as the difference between the position under peak positive load and peak negative load.

3.6.2.4 Opening lights

Opening lights shall remain closed

3.6.2.5 Test pressure

The peak test pressure shall be 1.5 times the design wind pressure.

This test pressure is taken from BS EN 13116. The design of many curtain walls is determined by deflection criteria rather than stress criteria and the test is usually satisfied if the structural members are designed for the serviceability criteria.

3.6.3

Testing

3.6.3.1 Test method

The specimen shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 12 and, if necessary, Section 13 of Standard test methods for building envelopes.

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Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

3.7

Wind resistance - cyclic loading

3.7.1

3.7.2

3.7.3

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3.7.4

Objectives

The building envelope shall not become detached from the building as a result of repeated reversals of wind loading.

Requirements

Design of all panels, framing members, fasteners and fixings of the envelope shall take into account the effect of wind load fatigue.

Fatigue is not normally a design-limiting requirement. Wind fatigue loads are most likely to be significant for rainscreen panels when:

Flexible components interface with more rigid components.

ii Panels are made from non-ductile materials that are highly stressed.

Performance criteria

There shall be no loss of integrity when rainscreen panels are subjected to the test sequence given in Clause 8.14.5 of the Standard.

Cyclic load testing may be required where brittle panels are used. The Specifier should state any requirement for cyclic loading.

Testing

3.7.4.1 Test method

If required, the specimen shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of Section 14 of Standard test methods for building envelopes.

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

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Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

Appendix A - Relevant Building Regulations

The Building Regulations listed below are relevant to this part of the Standard. A full list of Building Regulations is available in Part 0 of this Standard.

Cross referencing of Building Regulations

Scope

Scotland

England and Wales

Northern Ireland

Conservation of energy

Section 6

AD L1 AD L2

Part F

Building Regulations (England and Wales)

Approved Documents

AD L1 AD L2

Conservation of fuel and power Conservation of fuel and power

Building Regulations (England and Wales) may be downloaded from http://www.odpm.gov.ukl

Building Regulations (Scotland)

Technical Handbooks

There are separate Technical Handbooks for Domestic and Non Domestic construction. Both follow the format given below.

Section 6

Energy

Building Regulations (Scotland) may be downloaded from http://www.sbsa.gov.uk

Building Regulations (Northern Ireland)

Technical Booklets

Part F Conservation of fuel and power

Building Regulations (Northern Ireland) may be downloaded from http:ldfpni.gov.uklbuildingregulations/technical.htm

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Standard for systemised building envelopes

Part 3 - Air, water and wind resistance

Appendix B - References

The documents listed below are relevant to this part of the Standard. A full list of relevant documents is available in Part 0 of this Standard.

Normative references

BS EN 12152 BS EN 12154

Curtain walling - Air permeability - Performance requirements and classification. Curtain walling - Watertightness - Performance requirements and classification.

Supporting references

BS 5516-1

Patent glazing and sloping glazing for buildings - Part 1 : Code of practice for design and installation of sloping and vertical patent glazing.

Glazing for buildings - Part 5: Code of practice for frame design considerations. Structural use of aluminium - Part 1: Code of practice for design.

Curtain walling - Resistance to wind load - Performance requirements.

Curtain walling. Product standard.

BS 6262-5 BS 8118-1 BS EN 13116 BS EN 13830

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