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1 ± 3 years old

Developmental
Stages
Developmental Task:
Autonomy Vs. Doubt
Toddlers who miss to develop autonomy or independence
may manifest feelings of shame or doubt.

Children who are constantly told not to try things maybe be


left with a stronger sense of doubt than confidence.

Children who are made to feel that it is wrong to be


independent my leave the toddler period with a strong
sense of shame than autonomy.
¢ncourage the child to explore things on their own
hhysical Growth
Chest circumference
becomes bigger
than the head at 2
20 deciduous teeth
Noticeable lordosis
Reduced baby fat
³houchy´ abdomen´
from weak abs
Wide based Gait
Heart Rate 110 ± 90
bpm
Speaks two-word
sentences
hlay Behavior

Toddlers play beside other kids but they do not play with
them, they just play on their own next to them.
This side-by-side play is not unfriendly rather it is a normal
developmental sequence.
However, if two toddlers plays side-by-side, they must have
duplicate toys as much as possible to avoid arguments
over one toy.
They enjoy toys that they can play by themselves and that
require action.
Cognitive Behavior

Age Stage Task

5 

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2 2 








6 

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18±24 
 
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Toddler Safety

Accidents are the major cause


of death in children.
accidental ingestion
poisoning
aspiration
motor vehicle accidents
burns
falls
playground injuries
lead poisoning especially
in old houses
Dressing
Sleep
Bathing
Care of teeth
Toilet training
Discipline
Separation Anxiety

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