SPM

2011
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
BY : KHAIRIL ANUAR MOHD RAZALI
 A. SYLLABUS
CORE PACKAGE ELECTIVE PACKAGE
Compulsory for all students and contains Students only have to choose
5 components. 1 from 2 elective packages.
Geometry Component Trigonometry Component Science & Technology
- Coordinate Geometry - Circular Measure Application Package
- Vector - Trigonometric Function - Solutions of Triangle
Algebraic Component Calculus Component - Motion Along A Straight
- Functions - Differentiation Line
- Quadratic Equations - Integration Social Science Application
- Quadratic Functions Statistics Component Package
- Simultaneous Equations - Statistics - Index Numbers
- Indices & Logarithms - Probability Distributions - Linear Programming
- Progressions - Probability
- Linear Law - Permutations & Combinations
SYLLABUS
EXAMPLE OF TEACHING AND LEARNING IN FORM 5
COMPONENT SCHEME TOPICAL SCHEME
ALGEBRAIC COMPONENT PROGRESSIONS
- Progressions
- Linear Law INTEGRATIONS
CALCULUS COMPONENT
- Integration LINEAR LAW
GEOMETRY COMPONENT
- Vektor VECTOR
TRIGONOMETRY COMPONENT
- Trigonometric Functions TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
STATISTICS COMPONENT
- Permutation & Combination PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATION
- Probability
- Probability Distribution PROBABILITY

APPLICATION PACKAGE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

PROJECT WORK
APPLICATION PACKAGE
PROJECT WORK
B. EXAMINATION FORMAT
ITEM
Type Of Instrument
Number Of Question
Total Marks
Test Duration
Constructual Inclination
Contextual Coverage
Level of Difficulty
 Easy  Moderate  Difficult
Additional Tools
PAPER 1 (3472 / 1)
Subjective Test (Short Question)
25 questions (Answer All)
80 Marks
2 Hours
Knowledge : 20 %
Application Skill : 80 %
Covers all field of studies
From Form 4 to form 5.
E:M:D=6:3:1
1. Scientific Calculator
2. Mathematical Table Book
3. Geometrical Tools
PAPER 2 (3472 / 2)
Subjective Test (Limited Response and structure)
Part A [ 40 Marks ] 6 questions (Answer all)
Part B [ 40 Marks ] 5 questions (Choose 4)
Part C [ 20 Marks ] 4 questions (Choose 2)
(2 questions from Science & Technology Application
Package ; 2 Questions from Social Science
Application Package)
100 marks
2 Hours 30 Minutes
Application Skill : 60 %
Problem Solving Skill : 40 %
Covers all field of studies from Form 4
to
Form 5.
E:M:D=4:3:3
1. Scientific Calculator
2. Mathematical Table Book
3. Geometrical Tools
B. EXAMINATION FORMAT
1. Set aside 5 – 10 minutes to recheck and arrange answers.
2. Short questions are on basic skill in a topic.
3. Long questions sometimes incorporates a few topics together.
4. Content of Paper 1 is short questions from Core Package.
5. To build self confidence, a few strategies and routines can be
practised :
- Start with solving Paper 1’s short questions. Then, go to long
question in Paper 2.
- Follow the topical flow as suggested in page 2.
- Sharpen your Algebraic and Lower Secondary Mathematics
skills.
6. Begin from the easiest and move to the more difficult work.
C. ANSWERS AND MARKS
1. Don’t cancel answers you feel are not correct or unfinished.
2. In long questions, though mistake in part (a) will cause mistake in
other parts, marks will still be given to correct working methods.
3. Answers should be NEAT AND TIDY, WORKING METHOD
SHOWN CLEARLY and FINAL ANSWER IS DENOTED.
4. Marks allocated for a question, predict level of difficulty.
5. Answers, should be written in the simplest form.
6. Give the precise answer base on what the question want.
7. Sketching graphs - shape of graph, min/max points, x or y-
intercepts.
8. Drawing graphs - uniform scale, a few points correctly plotted,
smooth curve.
9. Marks given are INDEPENDENT marks, WORKING/METHOD
marks and ANSWER marks.
C. ANSWERS AND MARKS
Example 1 (Paper 2)
A slice of cake has the surface OAB in the shape of a sector with
radius 15 cm. Length of arc AB is 10 cm and the cake is 6 cm thick. Find

(a) Angle of the sector in radian (1 mark)

(b) Total surface area of the cake (4 marks)

Example 2 (Paper 1)
Given f(x) = 4x(2x – 1) 4. Find f ’(x). (2 marks)

Example 3 (Paper1)
Given the geometric progression 8, 24, 72, ……. . Find the smallest number of
term that has to be taken in order that its sum exceed 50,000. (4 marks)
D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.1 List of formulae are long and plenty and might cause candidates to
be in doubt which formulae is the right one.

Example 4: Solve 2 – 3 sin A – Kos 2A = 0 for 90o ≤ A ≤ 270o

Try to look at the suitable

Trigonometric Identity
- Basic Identity
- Addition Identity
- Double Angle Identity.
D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.2 There are formulas that are not given or listed.
Example 5 : Solve the equation log x 16 – log x 2 = 3.

Indices and logarithms law are not

supplied .So write down these laws
and then make a choice which is
suitable to be used
- Laws are not necessarily read
from left to right but can also
be done the other way round.)
D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.3 Cannot use the precise formulae because the problem given
cannot be interpreted correctly.
Example 6 : A square has a perimeter of 160 cm. The second square
is form by joining midpoints for the sides of the first square and so on
as depicted in the diagram. Find :
(a) Perimeter of the eight square
(b) The sum of perimeter of 5 squares formed.
D. LIST OF FORMULAE

4.4 Formulae is given,but candidates still can’t use

it properly.
Example 7 : Find the median of the data below.

Age Number of resident

1 - 20 50
21 - 40 79
41 - 60 47
61 – 80 14
81 - 100 10
D. LIST OF FORMULAE
4.5 Formulae / fact / concept that you thought are only used in
Mathematics only (not in Additional Mathematics) and didn’t
bother about them.

Example 8 :
- Area and volume of solids formulas (used in
Differentiation topic).
- Translation concepts (used in Coordinate Geometry
topic ).
- Tangen to circles law (used in Circular Measure topic)
 E. OVERALL ANALYSIS – Paper 1
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

TOPICS MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS MARKS

2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4 2 3 4

1. FUNCTION 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1

2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 2 1 1 1 1 1 1

3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1

4. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

5. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 2

6. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 1

7.STATISTCS 1 1 1 1 1

8. CIRCULAR MEASURE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9. DIFFERENTIATION 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1
10. SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES

11. INDEX NUMBERS

12. PROGRESSIONS 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1

13. LINEAR LAW 1 1 1 1 1 1

14. INTEGRATIONS 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

15. VECTORS 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

16. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2

17. PERM. AND COMBINATIONS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

18. PROBABILITY 1 1 1 1

19. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2

20. MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

21. LINEAR PROGRAMMING

1
TOTAL QUESTIONS 3 14 8 4 12 9 4 2 9 5 1 9 4 1 9 4 12 9 4 12 9
1 2
 E. OVERALL ANALYSIS – Paper 2
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

TOPICS PART PART PART PART PART PART PART PART PART

A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C

1. FUNCTION 1

2. QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 1 ¾

3. QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS 1 1 ¼

4. SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS 1 1 1 ⅕ 1 1 1

5. INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

6. COORDINATE GEOMETRY 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

7.STATISTCS 1 1 1 1 1 1

8. CIRCULAR MEASURE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

9. DIFFERENTIATION 1 ½ ½ ½ ½ ⅓ ⅝ ⅓ ⅓ ½
10. SOLUTION OF TRIANGLES 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

11 INDEX NUMBERS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

12. PROGRESSIONS 1 1 1 1 1 1

13. LINEAR LAW 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

14. INTEGRATIONS ½ ½ ½ ½ ⅔ ⅘ ⅜ ⅔ ⅔ ½ 1

15. VECTORS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

16. TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

17. PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS

18. PROBABILITY

19. PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

20. MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

21. LINEAR PROGRAMMING 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

TOTAL QUESTIONS 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4 6 5 4
 E. OVERALL ANALYSIS – Detail Analysis
According To Subtopic

CHAPTER 9 : DIFFERENTIATION
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2

9.1 Idea of Limit

9.2 Differentiation By First Principle
4M 2M 3M 5M
9.3 Differentiation by Formulae ✓
3M 3M 4M 3M
9.4 Tangent & Normal Equations ✓

✓ 3M 5M
9.5 Minimum & Maximum Problems
✓ 3M 3M
9.6 Rate of Change ✓
4M 3M
9.7 Small Changes & Approximations ✓
4M
9.8 Second derivatives
✓
9.9 Differential Equations
E. OVERALL ANALYSIS – Detail Analysis
According To Subtopic

CHAPTER 14 : INTEGRATION 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P2

14.1 Integration -Inverse of Differentiation √ √

14.2 Integration Formulae axn 3M 3M 3M

14.3 Integration by Substitution √

14.4 Definite Integrals √ 4M 4M 4M 3M

14.5 Area Under A Curve √ √ 4M 2M 5M 4M 4M

14.6 Volume of Revolution √ √ 3M 3M 3M 3M

FOR PAPER 2 :

1. Choose long questions in Part B that the form of question and

answering method does not change a lot.
Example 9 : Long question from LINEAR LAW topic
Table shows values of x and y obtained from an An experiment involving adiabatic expansion is
experiment. It is known that y and x is related carried out. The pressure, P, for mercury and
by the equation y = axn
volume, V, for air obtained are as follows:
x 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.6 3 V 100 125 150 175 200
y 2.3 5.2 8.5 10.8 14.4 P 58.6 42.4 32.8 27.0 22.3
Variables P and V is related by P = kV n where k
(a) Plot lg x against lg y (5 marks) and n are constant.
(b) Find the value of a and n (4 marks) (a) Change the equation that relates P and V to
(c) Find the value of y when x = 2 (1 mark) the linear form (1
mark)
(b) Draw the graph of lg P against lg V. (5
marks)
(c) From your graph, find the value of k and n.
(4 marks)
FOR PAPER 2 :
2. Choose long question in Part C where the form of question and
answering method does not change a lot.
EXAMPLE 10 : Question from LINEAR PROGRAMMING topic.
Kasmah wish to sew shirts and pants to be sold to the public. A
pants needs 40 minutes preparation and 1 hour of sewing time. A
shirt needs 50 minutes preparation time and 40 minutes of sewing
time. Kasmah sews x pants and y shirts.
(a) Given at least 10 hours are use for preparation and
the maximum sewing time is 16 hours. Write 2
inequalities base on these informations.
(b) Given the total preparation time is less than or the
same as the total sewing time. Show that y ≤ 2x.
(c) Contruct and shade the region that satisfies the
above inequalities.
(d) profit from the sale of a pants and shirt respectively is
RM5 and RM8. Find from the graph the maximum
profit that Kasmah can obtain.
Housing developer Rejeki Halal wish to build type A and type B houses. To
build type A houses needs 120 m2 of land and a cost of RM56,000. To build
type B houses needs 300 m2 of land and a cost of RM84,000. The
developer wish to build x type A houses and y type B houses according to
the following constraints:
I : Number of type A houses built must exceed number of type B.
II : Land area that can be used to build both type of houses is 2400 m 2.
III : Maximum capital for building the houses is RM840,000.
(a) Write 3 inequalities that satisfy the above constraints.
(b) With scale of 1 cm to 1 unit on each axis, draw graphs of the 3
inequalities. Shade the region, R, that satisfies the constraints.
(c) Base on your graph,
(i) What is the maximum unit of type B house built if number of type A
houses is 10.
(ii) By selling all the houses, the developer obtain profit of RM15,000 for
each unit of type A house and RM24,000 for each unit of type B house.
How much are the maximum profit obtain by the developer ?
FOR PAPER 2 :
 There are questions that incorporates
topics (2 in 1)

 Also, choose questions from “SOLO”

topics.
F. GENERAL GUIDE ON PROBLEM SOLVING

2.1 “Directly use formula / fact / concept / algorithm”

method

Example 11 : Given f(x) = 2x2 – 1 , find f ’(x)

x+1

Example 12 : Find the straight line equation that

passes through (2,1) and perpendicular
with the line 2x + y –3 = 0
F. GENERAL GUIDE ON PROBLEM SOLVING

2.2 “ Forming equation” (whether inear, quadratic @ simultaneous) method.

(a) Forming equation from information given.
Example 13: Given f : x ax + b and 3- -5
Find a and b.
-2 - --1
f
x ax + b

Example 14: Distance of the point (k, 3) to (5, 7) is 5 units. Find the values of k.
Example 15: A point P(x, y) is moving such that its distance from the line y = - 2
is equal its distance from the point (6, 6). Find the point’s loci equation.

(b) Forming equation after making comparison.

Example 16 : Given the function f(x) = 3x + c and its inverse function given as
f -1(x) = mx + 4/3. Find the value of m and c.
F. GENERAL GUIDE ON PROBLEM SOLVING

2.3 “ Forming own equation” method.

Example 17: The sum of the first three

terms of a geometric progression that has
a common ratio –1/3 is 42. Calculate the
sum of the third term until the fifth term.
G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)

LINEAR PROGRAMMING
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
LINEAR LAW
QUADRATIC EQUATION
PROGRESSIONS
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
DIFFERENTIATION
FUNCTIONS
INTEGRATION
CIRCULAR MEASURE
MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINE

INDICES & LOGARITHMS

SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLE
STATISTICS
PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATIONS
INDEX NUMBERS
VECTOR
SIMULTANEOUS EQN.
PROBABILITY

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)
INDICES AND LOGARITHMS

Short and : - Write down indices and logarithmic laws.

Long question - Not necessarily laws are read from “left to right”
but can also be the other way around.
Example 18: Solve 5logx3 + 2logx2 – logx324 = 4
- Don’t create “own formulae”
Example 19: Solve log3x + log93x = -1
- Sometimes we can be given linear, quadratic or
simultaneous equation in indeks and logarithm form.
Example 20 : Solve 22x – 2x – 2 = 0
- Once in a while readings of log table or calculator are needed.
Example 21 : Evaluate log 4 5
G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)
STATISTICS
Short and : - Which formulae wish to be used depends on data
Long Question type (either Grouped Data or Ungrouped Data)
- You must be able to identify which is data and
which is frequency.

Example 22 : Find mean of the number of student for the data below.

Number of classes Number of Students

5 30
4 35
3 40

- Experience in drawing ogives and histograms from Mathematics subject

are needed.
G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)
SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

Short and : - Make x or y subject of a formula from the linear

Long question equation and subtitute in the non-linear equation.

- Quadratic equation will be obtained and solve it
using formulae or factorisation.
- Don’t forget to find the other variable value.
- Long question usually is in implicit form concealed in questions from
other topics.

Example 23 :

Find the distance between two points of intersection

of the graph x + y = 10 with the graph x2 – y + y2 + 10 = 0
G. TOPICAL STUDY (ANALYSIS)
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Short and : - Identify suitable “tools” to be used .

Long question TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS DEFINITION
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS IN QUADRANTS
COTANGENT, COSECANT, SECANT
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES
TABLE BOOK / CALCULATOR

Example 25: Given tan x = 1/3. Without using table, find kos (x –45o)

- Usually question are on solving equations and graph sketching or

drawing where knowledge from Functions and Graphs of Functions
topics are gravely required.
H. COMMON MISTAKES
1. Non-suitable final answer is not deleted.
Example 26: Solve the equation 2log 5 (x – 1) = 1 + log 5 (1 – x)

2. Answer given is not complete.

Example 27 : Solve sin (2x + 32o) = - sin 72o for 0o ≤ x ≤ 360o

3. Using formulas that are not on any Mathematical List

Example 28 : If log 9 y = 2 + log 3 x , express y in terms of x.
Example 29 : Given sin x = m , express kos (90o + x) in terms of m.

4. Working method shown is correct, but still no marks awarded

because the work is half way completed.
Example 30 : Solve sin (2x + 32o) = - sin 72o for 0o ≤ x ≤ 360o
H. COMMON MISTAKES

5. Mistakes on graphs - not drawn big enough

- drawn too big till y-intercept can’t be shown
- best fit line not drawn using long transparent
ruler.
6. Answer not written explicitly.
7. Linear, quadratic and simultaneous equation that involves log,
indices and trigonometry can’t be solve properly.
8. Adding information not given, thus changing the original question.
Example 31 : The weather is defined as cloudy, rainy, sunny and
windy. Find the probability that it will rain in two
consecutive days.
H. COMMON MISTAKES
9. Solving quadratic inequalities like quadratic equation. Quadratic
inequality by right should be solve by graphical or number line method.
10. No precision in answer even though the question is quite easy.
Example 32:

Given diameter = 36 cm.

PQ = 3OP and PQ is tangent to
the cicle.
Find
R (a) the angle made by the arc PR at
centre of the circle.
(b) area of shaded region.
P Q
I. CONCLUSION

1. Additional Mathematics requires time to grasp and be fluent on.

2. With sound basic skills (Algebra, Arithmetic, Shape, Number) and a lot of
exercises, important content of Additional Mathematics can be grasped.
3. A sound grasp of Mathematics SPM is required to make a notable advance
in Additional Mathematics.
4. Begin with subtopic exercises and move to topical summative exercises.
From short questions (Paper 1) move to long questions (Paper 2).
5. Hopefully candidates use their time as good as possible and with patience,
work hard for their SPM.

ALL THE BEST

SELAMAT MAJU JAYA