EXPERIMENT 4

Aim: To study the effect of type of circuits on the brightness of the bulb.

Hypothesis: Bulbs in a parallel circuit light up with the same brightness, and bulbs in a
series circuit light up with different brightness.

Apparatus/Materials: Two bulbs, two dry cells, wires and a switch.

Method:
1. The bulbs, dry cells, wires and switch are connected in series as shown in Diagram 1.
2. The brightness of the bulbs is observed.
3. Step 1 and 2 are repeated for parallel circuit as shown in Diagram 2.
4. Observation for both circuits is recorded.

Observation:
Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
The bulbs in the series circuit light up with All the bulbs in the parallel circuit light up
different brightness, the first one brighter with the same brightness.
than the second.

.
Conclusion:
Bulbs in a parallel circuit light up with the same brightness, and bulbs in a series circuit light up with
different brightness.

EXPERIMENT 5

Aim: To compare the effect of turning off certain switches on bulbs connected in series and parallel.

Hypothesis: In a series circuit, all bulbs will not light up when a certain switch is turned off. In a parallel
circuit, only corresponding bulb will not light up when a switch is turned off.

Apparatus/Materials: Three bulbs, two dry cells, wires and three switches.

Method:
1. The bulbs, dry cells, wires and switches were connected in series as shown in Diagram1.
2. Switches at different positions in the circuit were turned off one at a time.
3. The condition of the bulbs was observed each time.
4. Steps1 to 4 were repeated for parallel circuit as shown in Diagram 2.

Observation:
Series Circuit Parallel Circuit
Switch 1 off

Switch 2 off

Switch 3 off

Conclusion: In a series circuit, when any one switch was turned off, the whole circuit was broken and all
the bulbs could not light up.
In a parallel circuit, when any one switch was turned off, only one part of the circuit was broken and
other bulbs away from the switch could still light up.