Pathophysiology

Precipitating Factors:
• Hormonal Influences
ETIOLOGY: o early menarche
Unknown o nulliparity
o childbirth after 30
Predisposing Factors: years of age
• Age o late menopause
• Genetic o birth control pills
Predisposition • Medical History of
• Sex - Females abnormal breast biopsies
• Lifestyle

Failure of immune
surveillance

DNA damage

Mutation in cell
genes

Activation of Deactivation of Activation of

growth- tumor suppressor growth-
promoting gene suppressing anti-
oncogenes oncogenes

Unregulated
breast cell growth
and differentiation
 Overgrowth of
breast tissue

Neoplasm formation in
the breast

Abnormal growth
signaling interaction
between tumor cells
and stromal cells

Primary tumor begins in

the connective tissue
(stroma) of the breast

Increase in stromal cellularity

particularly in areas that are
in close contact with the
epithelium

Stromal cell nuclei are

monomorphic

Diagnostic tests: Stromal

overgrowth
Mammogram
Breast Clinical
Ultrasound manifestations:
Open Biopsy Delineated
Magnetic margin of Painless growth of a
Resonance tumor smooth and bulky
Imaging mass, distorted shape
of breast,
semitransparent or
Benign Phyllodes redness of the skin
Breast Tumor and warmth
 IF TREATED IF UNTREATED

Medical Management:
(For symptomatic relief only)
o Diet Changes: Low
fat, increase intake of Intermediate
fruits and vegetables, features
o Wearing good support
bra Clinical
manifestations:
Surgical Management:
Borderline Phyllodes
Lumpectomy larger mass Breast Tumor
Mastetcomy
Excision Biopsy

Stromal hypercellularity

Removal of the
tumor

Stromal cell atypia/

nuclear pleomorphism

GOOD
PROGNOSIS

Infiltrative margin of
tumor

Tumor progression
and enlargement

Clinical
manifestations:
Malignant
Enlargement of entire Phyllodes Breast
breast with distorted Tumor
shape
 Tumor becomes Affects the other
invasive/ Malignant breast
Neoplasm

Tumor cells enter

lymphatic vessels

IF TREATED IF UNTREATED

Surgical Management:
 Excision Biopsy
 Mastectomy
Enter the blood stream
and metastasize to other
sites of the body/
Systemic metastases
GOOD
PROGNOSIS

Spreads to major
organs

Compromise functions
of major organs

DEATH