—a— Research Reports of the National Institute of Industrial Safety, NIIS-RR08 (1999) UDC 624.18.524:624.18.526:621.868.2 HREOC LET I bY A- OH) BAWBHRI V— vy Die fille RIES EE HE, REE, BRBER, RECT, gee Investigation of Overturning of Mobile Crane due to Penetration of Outriggers induced by Failure of Ground* by Satoshi TaMare**, Noriyuki Hori**, Yasuo Toyosawa**, Naoaki SueMasa*** and Toshiyuki Katapa*** Abstract: Overturning of mobile cranes frequently occur on construction sites. Mobile cranes are comprised of hoisting machinery combined with both a base carrier and a revolving super structure. Outriggers are equipped at the base carrier. ‘The mobile crane usually stands on the outriggers which are extended laterally and set on the ground during hoisting operation to keep the crane level. Investigation of these accidents confirmed that one cause of the accidents was penetration of the outriggers into the ground. This study focuses on the fact of both penetration of the outriggers due to failure of the ground and overturning accidents of mobile cranes. Procedures and results in this paper are summarized as follow; 1) Investigation using reports of occupational accidents was carried out to clarify conditions at the overturning. Penetration of the outriggers was seen in about 40 % of the reports investigated. Although the net rated load is prescribed for safety of stability, about 20% of the overturning ‘occurred where hoisting weight was less than the net rated load. 2) Bearing capacity tests on model grounds were carried out to investigate both strength and deformation characteristics due to the penetration. Soil used in the tests was Kanto loam which is a kind of volcanic cohesive soil for the partially saturated ground, Model footing simulating float of outrigger settled with increasing acting stress on the model ground which had uniform strength. It was found, however, the footing settled rapidly on a layered model ground which had » hard surface layer overlying soft ground. The hard surface has characteristics of brittle failure considering condition of the soil dried. A wedge failure under the footing was developed in the ground due to penetration. Vertical displacements around the wedge were predominant, comparing to the horizontal displacements. 3) A theoretical stability analysis was performed by both static and kinetic formulations. The mobile crane tilt due to penetration of the outriggers. At the same time, an arm length of overturning moment increases with decreasing a boom angle. This mechanism is considered as the static instability of the mobile crane due to penetration. Meanwhile, where the ground fails suddenly and the outriggers penetrate rapidly, moment of inertia due to penetration is important in addition to the static instability. The results indicate that penetration of the outriggers into the ground (ie. depth of penetration and its speed) greatly influences the stability of mobile cranes, = [Pik 10 GH RPM ALA No. 596/113 8 ARAL te ** EMSIFAP Construction Safety Research Division UHL AF LY 1K LPF Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Eng., Musashi Institute of Technology= ERRTAAAITE NUIS-RROS (1999) Keywords; mobile crane, overturning, ground failure, penetration, outrigger, stability, bearing capacity test, strength and deformation characteristics of ground 1 @UoeE BHAZ Y—VRMEO LIMIT SCL EEN ELAM THD, Fab L LABRET ERA 2 WRENS (Fig. Ye WET, 29 LUFAEHA® 100 be Gd SAME 757 b CMM TOR BTR, Lie BALAT ATTIRE 7 17D LOD MRS R, LOMAS. —H, BE AP E-VCLSHMRERS (BELTBY, lll #1700 ADIL E ATE LTB. BHR V-VELZRCRHOEH TE, HEI EBRBREOHW 1/4 BHDS, TOMA 19 ELC, SeRwR OMENS EBT bY RES ODOM 3. MRT Vv KE de Se BRIT bY 77 BIE BN LRU TIRE TS LiL, LROTY bY IAEA T BRA Ue, UETER E 29 WOEMD MD T0~80%E BATH 97), OMENS OHH ETE COMSAT Y bY 27 O— bWRABICID YDtr, CAS CHUL WPS, BUEN MILI DF BAe E LTH RECS OEABA SUB, YRRERMVE BOT, BMRIV-YO TRIENEMRER EO 9 BOD HIS LB BINT Sve REBUM SRI L, CNR BM LE HR CRMAEMETS EE GI, WU HBAET OREM LTS. LP LEM, sO aE WPHESMECSM STOR, bi, EK 7 HERI CEI 7 DBRS E GM LE ERORE SUT BS, AIC MESER AAAS 6 ENE HMDA, LERRAEO Y BOA HSH UTGWLTHI, EOKEMTHS. L PULEMEI VLE RET BOERS ORT DBT EMTBICETHB. JER, 7 V— iRthode Sito LL TO BIC OB bbT, FORA REAM MDH MICS Ee, 7 LPOKMMECAG 7 2 PREOMAE SET BE, RARNO—VBT GN SWORE HED V— 7 ORE IEF HABE MS ITS CE (SHEILA S SO CHBKT, COMBI 2 MENTE E UCR Omg THER ORE Lite Q) BHR LLBMAI Vy OLB EB REIRROMNE (5 290 2Z-s) Eemete ZobyA- ue hicu zo-b Fig. 1 Schematic figure of mobile crane. BHI LORE Table 1 Number of casualties due to crane and similar ‘equipment, DY SORBERE AONE” z)2}3i)a]s £8 |s479/ 3507] 3260 | 3069 | 2803, FEB REK (D) Ba7 v—vic£S| 76 | 761 | 751 | 664 | 720 Hele RAK (@) H# (@/O) 21% | 22% | 29% | 22% | 25% Table 2 Number of accidents due to mobile crane investigated, BRE hE Le pm) |e} 2) 3a) 4) s | 6 fae weoysearteee | 99 | 40 | 8 | 12 | 27 | as | ze eB) | 2) | 27) | (8) | (22) | (25) | (91) [(235)]MARWBRIE L377 bY AO 0 RAMEE VY OM MIRE TE (2) BAB — 2. CHEB L AIA 8 HF BER WR (58 3 ) 8) HRLAARO STE L BBHRI VY OK SENET (58 4 HE) 2. RALFORERROME 21 RRR TRIED 5 5 ESTO LL HORE £ BAK EA BLLEOPHRE Table amt, 7b (CE SPEAR LEAHY 3000 MERE THE LTB. EDF SBMRI LV — vic E BTU AEH 700 ACAD, FE-Y BRHOWTE GE Oi Vite dia 3, RERERROMBL, MUSICS SBA? V— LOREM 5 AMER CRAY 5 KARA A BEM, WHE Table 2 CRATERED BORE CRELL IT OBER Vy ORE RETCHS, MHONRE LEBHMAZ V— > OF W2O-FIV—Y, bFYIIL—Y, RANT VY, HERI 77 DARTH O. 2.2 BeeR Fig. 22X80 HANSERBMCMLE VOTH Bo HHRMA ERY So RRMA | I 77 LHP CH, SOM ERE HDS. HUW Fo DIVA VIED) EM GEADS bY RD DOMES HALTED, BABEL CH 6 MIR CH EHTHERDCREME SK Ho TH SERDNS. Fig. 3 BBA V— > ORBIREDIRIPIRI EE DEBMAERT, ARORIPRRIE 97 (7 A) OWELOIBES 2b & < APERCE Hid Bo KTR Pfs OHO LF, DO FURY EtoTH B. Eh, ZO OAME LT, YT EMELTO BNEL, YTRM EMD SU TO BBE, BARS fe CORR, WRMROM 8 HISHRBIE ty be HALT SEFIC, RHATEELICE DZ Be Fig. 4 BSR 7 V— 7 OFRBLDSEE LOE MEAT, PRUNE, CORA ABIL S46, kee RRR, RAL ONC oi, RRA, L ORMTRIIS, Bobe SE oh Bhs CORMIER RE HDS. Fig. 577 RYH 7A hORPRRERT, TH PRABIL LUE, TT BAT O— bOI PILE d2%IE RGU, UFET, DREN L TH STH S. F Re, MR LAT Db OU PRICE FY 7 (DA) BURR ONTBD, TY bY YORE —19— « so “a 20 20 SBE (6) 10 Ga-3 by? A= MADD bu-3 9b Deny ov Fig. 2 Frequency of accidents due to overturning and types of mobile crane. BRNOLEREME ame (70) 23 wm SUE pom SUT oe Fig. 3. Frequency of accidents due to overturning, and conditions of operation ROIMORIPERONT 6 LEER Fig. 4 Ground types at overturning. BRE L ORO Fig.5 Accident due to overturning of mobile crane involying penetration of outriagers. BALE C AD STI bY H-ORFRR20 ee ST SCHTTCS 2 anaes OumORE/ Ram) Frequency of accidents and conditions of load- ing weight. DUHORECAT Ss ReRERS Fig. 6 BEBEEA (tont/ a) Fig. 7 Distribution of acting pressure on ground and types of mobile crane. RBCS SMROED CERO ADH RAE BOMRI Vr OM REIS PERILS LBS. Fig. 6 (252012 315320 OTRO Ff & AE DEAMAOBIR EAT. ROHS, HERIEEDO FORK ERAS BF 8 EAA CHR LMT Be COME LOL FO Alt 9 AiO BEE ee BUTCH), REMMINCH SH, Chee DME HDS, KA, CVMRIEBMICHY AS FRAGT Se 127 CBR BoD fie 1.27 WF shee TH BIL, BL ETH & RTS, LOLt ae, Showy 4 Ho Rw aA BRT CRELTOR. Fig. 7 (250 O RIES BUY 2 SARIRAOTE ERLELOTH S. IPO MALAIMLE N26 MER STD bY AICHE Y 2 HORI PHATE L THEO BAPLMMERTIR LIHAT HB. COMMER EMD BARRE MESET, TI bY NIIS-RR-98 (1999) 7 om b HAE IC AIRE LTRS Ob OWREL, TI RYAT Abo Fim Su RIMS LTORMSIEC RE OTME LT Be WTAE EEA LAS OHI TME DTI, ARES SHORE ISSR LRMMICT Se PE TH SH, HAT STO bY Yo BRC PHIM SC LATE LUMA 0, GEREN LEOSMERALTOS, kot, RMB DATAIAEA LEM ED BAR ( Rito TB hw, UGE D (B/N HHL To OMAN RES, KA BOK, eb ABO S OPA I 77 YACHT} 100~125 tonf/m? (0.98~1.23 MPa) 2 BIWEN DAME TH 0, MMBC Lt KE CRIED LPL TSS Lb, 3. RG — LWRORHHRR BRMAI Vy OMMRBEMRLEER, TIF NYG YT (iO) =A) WEBI tte, + SERED Ai — the PRE E SRO I HE LT, OREM HIS OU TRE WREBSRDE, TORU 7O— hBEMELAE TOF TRS EAL TRAN RRS ote. BAN KT VY WRT BME LT, RAY OR VRACMRT STM S (RENS, EOD, AMLO—TTH BHO — LEME TER Biiok. 3.1 PRROPRM AE SURAT LAER ATH, ZOOM BLAVEHES Table 3 (cat, BUMALILYES Sri Ay LCR IS EAB SME, REACH IS 2 CHE aba Sb 2 MIRE LS BI — 4 + OBE (3 — AEE UER fF TS 229), PERRIS eid ok HISAR L BU & PRE 5 cm. DEM EAICAM, ABE D BUMTE I LTRS, FEaiL TIER Le, EROMICLE E—1 FREE OD FAIAE Le SSRN — b (7OOTSR by & AHL Cf FRE LA BRIS SE IF Wem ESL IF LLMMO HME db bob Hae LCSD, ERE T HR te FE SPREL T BRRERE HOH Ltt. FERRIS BG 8 PUK OMT LEALEL & 5 LT BANC oT HH BUA TIRARRUERE 1 Ba CHERL RUSE BS 5 cm $9 2HRISSHT CHEB L BSE HAL Lic, ZOE WD CHEB L7DPRBUIRLE, 2IBHADOD LOI HE Be AA <, EMIT ORAC PARISH LCE LL 2 FORD, WR 10 cm OSH L TSARWEIE L BT 7 bY ODN RADAR Ly OREN RETR 21 Table 3 Physical properties of Kanto loam. NO — ARO RANE EMFOWE Gs 212 EMO wr (%) | 120.7 eee wp (%) | B24 eta Ip 383) BMA ALE — ope (%) | 85 sami cu /p 0.222 BOMOS KTH, AModimomRawny So EDR Toe Ti, PRAISE 5 em I 2 I CHEB LABRET HE, SATHEMILE Sy 2 AE A WRI IC BIER FEUER 6 tuts, TSR b GRROH SRI & PIES BALK. FORD, MUA S om BENEATH A LESTER L Cab) AERIS EARS RBC B, (ERM tat thePT a SLBA. 3.1.1 SEO A HE Baebes IF, SAREE 9) U1 WS om ERS LIAR EMM LEO ARIEL HLAN, MOPFAY YF ED MORE DCAD PBL, LORE 5 BRIBLT SMES £925 cm ILA. AAMERALLAR, FA CED CS SIS 1 BME Le. EIR PURE Kite IY TYAS HBLTEE OMSL OME RE ML IT. 3.12 ABO R ese RMA VGOM (LE, MME 9) 1h 4 > BED APRALABNOM ERIS ot FRR LH. (MEMS, & Heese e RIC LT BIS 25 cm OHAEEMPMT B. KIC, AY bile Bo ASE LABIA LT 7 ARIEL Cae Bo eAY ROEM, PALEY b CHEM AL HE82 TRAL TIL I. RAKOD—Andk EE (SHRM ETKILOH 85% TH B. EME NE FAD O— AMEEMLLENEMETHS. EMR TRO HSE OMS 3492 om THB, 3.2 RRDRRAH EDR RL LIST MAO 2389 TH B, KN RRORE Table 4 CART, HEC — FUT OCRERS SHH IK HES 2 ORE OWT LETS adc, LES om & 10 cm OF Table 4 Conditions of bearing capacity tests. RRDRBR sea | esi | arc | aia | sae | p97 4646 | kaffem? | 0%) | Fra | wine FR [TRAE (kPa) (em) Fri | 10s) | sas | eir|—te) em | 5 rr2 |10(s) | so [atc] —t| em | 10 prs |10(9s) | sso |ete|—te) | 5 pra | 10(8) | ssa |e] te) m | 20 rrs | 157) | s99 | ete] —te) em | 5 prs | 157) | sar | ete] te) xm | 10 rz | 20(196) | 981 | wie | —te | AY | 10 yrs | 1098) | s27 | ete) —te) | 5 Fro | 15 (147) | ser | in A] os Frio | 15 (147) | 785 | 56H A] os LBRO? FY 7eHL RR LLM ERS 3TH 3. HOTZ — FLT ERALAEIR TIL, WE50 cm THRE 30 cm, OWNERS 2 ELI. BATT Ye RAL IS ROR TLAT AE 20 cmxte 50 cm, HER 40 cm DIE BSRERALK, SBMMIEES 5 mDT7 LH PREM THY MBN BO BORRO BET & OF WETTIG, MSMR KBCIPHE 28 om, IE 8 50cm OMBAB ER Lic, LHABRY TID WWCHO, RET SLRCML CSTR AT BLOTHS. IERIE OEM FY 7 EEL RR it, HA FMEA DR ORF ERT BDI rote, ROME MRS INO MME EAR HE, SHOKAMIARMORDDI—7y b EMD MA, SHEL THGRL A (Pig. 8). FEI 7 —F Y TASS OED & URI LTB 5 ICE LTS, RAUAOUARIZ, 7-H TOMAR LAE EO ATER DOB 2 BE — PRE REO OI HEC RITTORE RAS ROCA. LAIR Tt, MARC MEMOMAY Ty FEMI. BA Pry REPKE SHH E LTB DRAM HS 1S tonf (14.7 KN), HAZ hO—7(E80mm, BARES COIS RAD YABSE Fig. 8 Schematic figure of bearing capacity test, LEPLOCE (MEAZHOR A) ElL0~30 mm/min CHS, Fry FORALL FRLERLTI-FYFEROMI TED, TAF YES ey XC LT, AAR ORLAP LE Sy DY v FOS EME LTS. PERC B 1} MAGIC 2 mm/sec TH Be Tr BUDA IS BSR 2 Vy OHA ET Sti, 5S Tk ARR & RAR HS HFS. DOR YS OF th PRE EHF — OR THINS EARN TL, KOT FAL Tk AO CARE RAL. WBLEEC UT EEL (SKS EH 700 kPa/min UE CHIN SAE THF 22 KET RII HAE CR AMROTI HICH LCA 2 he 33 RRR UR 3.3.1 HE — Ft Fig. 9 S4TFEIE oli — 4 RABI OT, Ja FY FORNEE HERR ION BERT, MMOD LRTARE DHE NSHEE YF ORM TRL AMET H 3. HAMIEE ATE 8 (8) 7-F YL 7H (D) TREAMHTHS. HT B4OOT- ACB, RAMEN AO ABEDL FCB AISI FliRitah S ¢, 8/D 20 26 0.03 FRE PUBIC 28 1F 2 KSI — De PARIS TRA BRIC B. LOLEMS, MHEAMROAMOENMEEES &, TOF LTH OMMLO LECT EA AUPE kB DOR Ea, MIRAE Bek PRISON E27 BRST HAT OME ES, RAMBO T NIIS-RR-98 (1999) oe) om Ee — é cee x awa Bp re o2 3B a siD Fig. 9 Relationship between stress and settlement of footings showing scale effects due to shape and ABE AABI-FY ORAS BIN Bth BORO EERE (arti ATER) 10 zones —aee oll 2-72 7eie Ha Rk ERED oe Bie Gatien) (ed) BED (ket/em?) og 8.0 07 02 03 0 O58 06 07 08 siD Fig. 10 Relationship between stress and settlement of semi-circular footings comparing bearing ca- pacity due to difference between pressure of pre-compression and size of footings. AAEMENE I —FY YOKE SORE BBE BY Samiti (Za, HAE 2-Fe PTS OBEAS HESSD, MBE ENB ORRO BEL, SOWEOKS SOM L SWB Leb be. Fi “FY TELNET, RATERED EDF LIORS SURG BHAOWBERT, HE ATIEWHIE D615 kgl/em? (147 kPa) T, PFU FT ORS SHR S PTS & PLO OMT, S/D 4 0.3 LR MOERLIS 5 HF 2 HAO HSI — HAP BNI EAE SELTED, TFL TOKE SOMO LBD (Fig. 9 EUR 20 RIE. I, TEA HENOR B FT6 e PTT OUTS, REED OREO PLT OF PRC BO 2 MEH A ASA, [HF RMIEMOL THOS. SMa HIRE ORT ATI 7- FY TERERE SO, ODEN UP BIRIC SL BRAD <, ITALOARWEIE EBT bY AD DRADER V— y IRIE vo q oe Se aa a ae ae 8 4 Fo ae 2 RAEMED - 1 seat/ow are) Da FY TER: FG, GA 20 0 Qo 07 02 08 04 05 06 07 08 sip Fig. 11. Relationship between stress _and_ settlement comparing bearing capacity of layered ground and uniform ground Spee ROME BY 5D WE ME OS PMR, FID —F> 7) 18 12| 2 Bos 0 095 50 100 150 200 250 300 Ba) Fig. 12 Relationship between settlement and elapsed time showing difference of speed at penetration of footing AHH LATROBE (ISHAM) Lt RIERA HEREC Fig. 11 (sb08Ae (ho HR EBS CM S PTO E FT 10 O15) —ATMRERT. BURL ST7F YY LIE SBAMHCHOREOTH SB. AE PCa } PTO (SW LA RAL ANS LB BUR SLED 1215 — KF OMRE RL THB. Tis Tes C aH B FT10 (OOM — HIRED eH FEES TiS, IE PALI 7 BRATION OH <>. TH), RBM UCIT. LL, Te LRU ABRIL C7 7 DR BHT TO MLA SMM MT SHMERL THY, JI FBURIC MORES, S/D 205 LETH, ABAD — HE FARING LC 9, wee (EAL IME & BME T—BEL TB Fig. 12 (dus & giz ARAL CHM BEC RE RBA ORR LT ROMMRER LIED TCH Bo HELMED FT_9 CIARA EPRICE FLARE LT BY, WRAL TOSI EM DIB. Hi, Fig. 13 Vectors in of f. JAF LIORACHS Fy FORME (FT, RAB 0~50 mm) je of ground induced by penetration FRITH S FTO Td, FAH) 100 HS TIE ALRERF, SORBBIMALTHS, [OH 100 Pow Fig. 1113 SMMACAMIET 3. Skah, TNS LRRD RER LOS) ORT (LEFEBIDS Ot, ZORRIET—F 7H EMSRS, Bib Toe lS BS EHTS Tee RRRTNE FAY y FOIA LOB Bey, SEAS IE RTS 2 AE REE SBROMD ote OHM, UCP VELA ROBIE MORRIE TBR TH Bo EH FRESH, TH bb >boT, —ABLBOT IEICE ERC BULTOS 3.3.2 RAO MARA AIEOMRTL, MAORI E LC, SRO FUME OBC THRE BRL OR. BK HOMME I—F > TOMAR S mm Bicswae GIURY L CHIR Lit, RE LR IUT (ein PIA EM THELMDS —7 9 b OME BL ELTMMM EH OR. Fig. 13 238 FT.6 IS B1TB 9-7 y KORO DRERLTBY, PF TORARAHO~50 min (S/P=0~0.5) DHDLNTHS. T-FV TOKE KAS WRNOLBE, TOW CAHL TAN, AHMAD BAN MBL TOS. HARA 50 mm (G/D=058) EASWE bib b TREE COML EAD PRR GIE, Sy Fy 7H REEROD ERLTOB. TFL TPH, 6 SURICBL MPT BMOPAR GID, RAIS IED ARIE (LI, D6 SVOIMMABA TH B13 DeABALHIVIC AD Ele By PF Te EIT RELL ARES BUS RALILIEE A EREL THRE, Fig. 14 (21 < SR PT6 3317 SOT AE BERL, LORDI-FY FORALL O~S mmRe eae Fig. 14 Distribution of volumetric strains inside of ground (depth of penetration is between 0 and 5 mm). HAR O~S. mm(S/D=0~0.05) (2 a5t7 BH OF AOR BRR (FT6) 18 OC HaRt AMOS 7. 8QO000Q0'+ sees 2O0OCOe eres os 0dese soosco- eae re eeGo+e++00 Fig. 15 Distribution of maximum shear strains inside of ground. (depth of penetration is between 0 and 5 mm) BAB# 0~5 mm(S/D=0~0.05) 25 BRA CAMO T AOD (FT-6) 108 @ KHER Ose twee eee oe 20 ter oe Fig. 16 Distribution of volumetric strains inside of ground(depth of penetration is between 10 and 20 mm). BALA 10~20 mm(S/D=0.1~0.2) ass ate RUF ADHERR (FT-6) (S/D=0~0.05) DWILBHZLOTHB, LOUTA (3 Fig. 10 A FRR BO TERT RAMEORBICEMGLTHS. HOKE NIIS-RR-98 (1999) UFAMERL C59, GUS OPIATE, Hie 9 OMARERE RT. 7-4 TOILE 3~4 em ROR WAC EMD BAA SS BCID Fy TFB, (SEH RELTH), COKE SBRALG CH THRET ba. Fig. 15 (25 OD BAEAMOT ADDN ERT. HSEROT 7s EDR, URE OER RBC AB 2eRACE AMGOT ADBEL TB. BRE AMROT Ald 7 — FY PHP OPI ES TRIBE CAR (49 TB D, EORTC 3, Fig. 16 (87-4 » ZORA BH 10~20 mm (S/D= 0.1~0.2) HOMMOT ABA DDHERT. COUT Ald Fig. 10 ARTI HEF BMRIC BYTE SURPASS TD LR IS AT ROR, EMIBLTHS. HAMEGK ts T, Riliz sb 7 can OBR CA 8 Ze (SAEED TEE LTB, ASBKLE HORE DMB Fig. 14 OHH T RGAE BOT BEL RAPHY D UKM OREERT. COLEDH, MAREE HAREM 7 FY 7FO ROME ROTM THIET SEF THB. WARDENS T FY THE CHEE THY, ARTI README A ERMEL TORS ae DPB, 7—FY FORA 20 mm FEE (S/D=0.2) OWES BV TIS, HATER 8 MOISE Sy hc RE T-FYTEORETH SB, 4. MBLEBHAI--LOZRTRER IRIS A BIAS £ BABAR E (ALA ME TOD HRMS, TF Y TOW, FEMORIS Eo CHR FMM KE (RAS MARIE 3 CE OnE BRIN SD aseRRRE IC & BMRB ET bY tO RRR oi OPE RAE EY NS ores PCMML TS, AMT, TH bY -OUE ALTE OBR Vy AHL ITT BH L CAME E Tot, Lo CBMR TZ VY e LAME PII A, TC. MATEO BOK EMME TY by eR © LCRA He LEME Tok. LE HOOMMHROMRE TT. 41 MOU BUC E BR ORET IR ARGC SMART, PAF TE BOWMcfRoTM > CD LUE LE. COR RE IHRE AT SMMECIL, 7 Ly ORE Pm KRM RMCESLSLONS. PMRZ it PTE L CBRE REN TLIC HE Ho THB teSOMRIS EBT YAO) BAAD VY OREN RET OE p7ete 7mm * Pgraoozaes ORR wibtesocauaa | #30 * Rone 4:29 hs-ome 79 hu z—moMLe v ‘comxis) SEZ ORU ate y aeetome , (raowm) ay FoR O Ee Fig. 17 Modeling of mobile crane for analysis of static, instability, Bit OEE ME BD, Tb YA PRUREIC OD DA AIDED BL, DY HOAMDE — 27 PHEWAT B, LOK BEMHTO SLs TRNT SLI, BHR Pv—v# Fig. WRT DEEP TRL, Fig. 17 ORD AP THRE RRS NIV a RELAY (M,) ERBIE—4 yb (My) ERT THENS. M, = W,(0/2) a Mo = Wa(S cos — 6/2) + Wa(Leos@ —6/2) (2) COT WIRY TERRE ORE, WIRY TO HR, WoO HORM, FTO EY ROME , LIYTORS, SIdKlIhLS Y7OROET DRE, OVAFMMENTS YTORRGTH B, Mot Mu$5) 25 8, Wald REIRA GE (Wa max) THD, AROBURAED ILO, W4 (6/2) = Wa(S cos — 2/2) + Wa max(L cos 6 — 6/2) (3) TRY A-OWBAD SY IAA (Bhp) EEE LHR ORR (60) EY TOR RHIC AT BRERM (0) LENTN (4) ER (5) CKoOTHT. 60% tan™"(Ahp/6) oy = 8-88 (5) BALOTO AH AS WORKS COAMPRERE (a) EARTHED. a; = b/2c0s(56) ~ Hsin(58) ©) 25 — Fig. 18 Schematic figure showing process of kinetic overturning. EROS SST, HATES Wk TOME THD , ERMIET bY OMSL EME LI. 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CORE MGROMMI Lo THAT Be (AL, 29 HEY TOMI Bia L TBS ERMSRZ, TAP SNTHS 2 BOMIE MON £ SEMA ELE, HER, 97, OO ME ARTL A BOMHES (cr, y), fl BABE to, DAE MEDSHROOHE M, AD OMRHES bE L, SINR BNA A Ae}.26 — ERE LMCI ‘Mk 1, Fig. 19 Impulse due to motion of rotation. i 5 aSRIS CC HAH ae Fig. 20 Parameters indicating geometry of center of gravity of mobile crane PU OR FiO) IEE L, ACPA e, 88 AMIS EMESEESS (Fig. 19). GRP IR WLI, DACs. 17h, ARNT & A SRR Db KAOMKE BS. Mia ~ a @) M(¥~ to) ) Miu wo) =—ew zo (10) CB, GRAMOMICLG oe TRAT 3. & hy MRAOMEO x, yHMRAS uy vetoeE, K (11) BLUR (12) OWRD, ay (ooo “ PRACRALEVBAu=0,u=059, He Tay Ty lb (muy + nvp) /(Im — n*) Iy = (lvp +o) (lm — n?) TC. hm, niEKMIBY THB. L= (8? + y02)/MI? m= (k? + 29?) /Mk n= xouo/MR* (13) (a4) (15) (16) (7) NIIS-RR-98 (1999) HE (11), (12) Bak (8) ALA L THERES E, (2? +1? ~ ab)wa/ (kh? + 1?) £GB. Bh, SRE REO D B, MaAhy = SMVBag? + 2M (suo)? (19) Mada = $MiU? + (rw)? (20) LEBOT, MMM, 2gAha/(K? +52) (2) 2gAha/(K? +1?) (22) EB. R18), (2), (22) > Ahy = eAhy (23) OWUREAS. RIEL, = (Br? ab)" /( 4A +4) (2) ThE. COT, Alylt Fig. 18 OA MERE TSHR ESEOOMPIIETHB, COMI L Bes ANE, HK BEL) Ome ALE 2B, AbgitHbe BMOELS OPM SEO SAULT SB. COANE Ahgld Fig. 20 D3fF me Ahi =h—heos5¥y +(b—a)sind¥p (25) Ah =1—heos68p — asin 68 (26) THB. SNS ER (23) ARAL T sin 5p COO TH Ke sind8p = v -Vve uw) ju Qn) THE. LLG U = {(e-1)a- be}? + h%(c-1)? (28) V=(ch—r) (= Va — be} (29) W = (r—h)(r— 20h +h) (30) TCHS. Eo TAMIR R Rit FR Ah, Aho btand0p (31)MARES EBT bY A —ODv> DIBA DEEBISE DV y DAREN BUT ER Table 5 Conditions of caleulations. (RL ESE o7 z He | TR) YT | TO y-|20 ORR ig sagt | 3D a Lag | CBRE) Foe L(m) |6 (deg) Bim) Ws (hv) R 03 case2| 25 | 30 5 0.66 Bo: cases | 15 | a0 51 302 gh = -| Waa case] 25 | 60 36 1d a vMORE eH Fig. 21. Static and kinetic instability of mobile crane ‘comparing effect of angle of jib. Eko TRES. BORA DORM CRE TS TRRAOR 43 ASE o7 OOF E DARREN RETO bY OIE Fi cues oe OWT, 29 LNRM 16 b ROR V7 VESPVICLTHRE TOR. MHS Table 5 ay, KERRIER 19 by, CO 3 bY TOME BRYELR. TED) MORE BR < HKD BLL AUHEELABA ES Im ELIS LteoH EL, YORE YR ETD by HIE HL SPA-F-ELTHRE FOR. 44 HSER PU YORREMES LET I bY ADO IA FEBOUBCET SBE, 7-7 FRET MTREL (MH) LW CTOAHALTRY, B HRD VPA ICA T WEE EMO taba BS TISR LE, ARE INERT TPR (Ohyk (4) £9, DU, AIEEE & mm QE PRE (Abst (31) £9, MMI) & Ai RL (99 HOB / NATH) OBUERIS AT L CREEL the EIA OBA, 29 RoE AES WTS CES RIT. PRL 1.27 OFF AOE RERAWESRRL, FHC OMUET AR, NIL ROR ED Dik FHL DOB T OERIT S. BLS YT GI ORE HMR LETS MHI TRE 25m, Tb Ye 51m THE LL, PT IRRL EE 30 HEL 60 HED A SHEAR LI, FREE PRL, YT MAAS 30 LOMA A DOO ROBS IIE TAS OO. MBIT 6 1 PE BARCEL, EYRETHSCERML TOS, BALES ORY AOU Lo CHT BEMRMINT SY TORRM DIRDTS, Lar Ly PT OMMERMAD SOS LIE, MIDI HE (25, 680, B=5.1m) cases — (i580, 851m) “Ss 09 40 an 4213 WI 2) HOR RNB) Fig. 22 Static and kinetic instability comparing effect of lengtin of jib. BURG CMOS CRET STROBE DPT RAMEE FORO) HOMBRE RADE RHI, WKS Bee ea 20 wordt Bbns. Hi, SOUT RI, ST HR ATS OAR eet AT, KEGBAOHHKE, BS, Bee Dold, VIRMMEKS BADGE) BETH Be CHBYTOBWED) Hota, YTB PAS WMBAICIT RMD, YT OBR MAE SAIC ERIE ALLIS BC LRT BOEMdNS, Pig. 2297 ROBBART. ST RENEE 60 1, TOR WR Bom BEL, STRAT Lm E 25m DHS THB LI. BAY — ROLLIE Ys T, YT AE CASE 1 Dab ORRIN TRRETA L WRWICMTS CASE SOBRE DEK, EDD RECHOCE EMT, BHVE MMII BT HERTS CASEL & CASES DiC FROBRIZ, HH LOI: Ho CHT BIER, TORRES, 9 T ROWE Y THOWREIAT Hi.0808 santa a ABM OURORR RH) Fig. 23 Static and kinetic instability comparing effect of setting width of outriggers. NA COGIC RTT TO bY ARYL Leese Uo 8m) wa Bi gos| ae Be ot A Boal te a oo 6 10 is 20 2s REE) Fig. 24 Relationship between depth of necessary pen- etration and working radius induce static and kinetic overturning. BOONE CRYO T 3 (PRONE Fig. 231377 bY 7—Wic k OMREMT, TR #25m, VME OOM —EEL, TORY WF 5.1m (BK HL) & 3.6m (OP IIE AL) SHAE HR Lice DM CASE 4 CIt CASE 1 IH NTMI E HID BIBS Be CHRIS LR et PRS, APPLE LTB, KSC REET SCE MLB. 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BBR V— ORGS, A LERERHON 8 BIBT, BEA Yb AAL Co BRICTE LTS, REDE BITS bY AO MRS DOVBAMRGN, DD ROMMEL T OMEN BOT BHT 2 BIL TOS. 2, SL A RRME IC BT SNR, HEN ADELE Co Us PRINS ¢ FS — tk POURS EEHRREIRIC HB 5 ALE I A MOMOEDVLEC SL, MAMAS BF TIMBRE -7 ERS FIMAT SMITE LS. 3 RMA EL Ay bCRNER ELIMI, I — Pia AR AB FDS RIMBOD B OKC HES THCH SM, RAM DPOMMRIET—F YT PBMICUETT So EAGER 4, SEN KIRIC E BUBOREIET Fv TOU IC SPL TRS LL, ME AO BERL. £ fy ORTH IC IME LA) PBB ED TY Fo TiN BEA AHR T 8 5. UTAMUPET ORR, 7—F 7 TORE (UREA EOIN BI CARRERE DTI ZO, RADIATA 2 TAREE AO HUE OFEBIT B MAIR bt: 6 TOR YA OWN BAILS? Vy ORB OTR CRET L THAR LA. & sce Pak BMAP AD) (3, PORE (NUIT) CHS PREF CHSC LabPote TT IRV AON BA ERI VY ORIEL EPROM ESTHER, Tb HED HUMABOMBAIL, THMROBSIIE TAS PRET BS LADO, MRE OLB THT bY 2D TARR BS LORE (3.6m) T PT RAM 25m Oe, NTE FIER AED & MICBVT 16 em IF THY, SAMI FREI 8 em FEE BRM DP 3 he a oF ADRES Ho CRAG SH HB WARS AF de SAD EATS) L RTTIEIC Vii) STU ROIER (SRR BRT ROE BEE) CAT (SRE AMT EE) ae RL at. Sexe 1) AE) RZ te 7 SES, A OE, . 89, 1994, 2) PAR RBI 2 OR, MEATS, pp. 46 49, 1994 2) ARAM 2eARIREL 1 FMR OPER, 7 PARES § 62 ERUG 70%DE, p. 1281, 1997. 4) ARIE: LeMERIAN 2 PML 9 SEER, AB RZ VY AINE 9 13 ATOM 14H, pp. 537~ 638, 1997. 3) PUI EZ Vy 95 /Nods, pp. 43~ 50, 199%. ©) EF B, QF, BRR: RmMOREIeE ORERRDY BMH, Bo WRELeY vit Ay pp. 211~212, 1996. 7) HE) HORE ¢ ABBR 7 = BST SORMRES = 2 TL, pp. 339~35, 1904 8) BRIE: BEI? VY OMORBENDLIE DT DAVIS, FIR 8 EM RMT RARER, pp. 91~100, 1997, 9) FB, IPH, REIL, RRR, BIE, BIBAALF : IC — 23M EHH ID IRIS FB SME PYRO ROR, SALTASH 52 BREE RE Sami, pp. 1429~1430, 1997 10) Vesic, A.S. et al: “Analysis of Ultimate Loads of Shallow Foundations", ASCE, SM 1, pp. 45-73, 1973, 11) RIL, 5S AG, ume, ARIEL : SE EBLE V—HORBIAL, LAER, 45 504 3./VL-25, pp. 61~70, 1994 12) EOI, RU, HIME, EF RB, IE, BUILT OMI IC b BBR V2 ERENCE FSB, MMT PA 92 ARATE, pp. 2241~2242, 1997, 13) PY < ROMER BLA 7 vy RELA 2 LOM, TR 8 RACE, pp. 36~49, 1997. 14) BIEL @, JLRS: SMONEICMT ORR, dee 8%, Vol. 12 No, 3, pp. 198~202, 1973, (it 10 48 12 10 HAR)