Failure Models Relationship between the Functions F(r), f(¢), R(t), and z(t) Expressed by Pit) f(t) Ru) z(t) : / Fi) = - [ flu)du 1 RW) 1-e(-f tu) de) fo o 4 a “ fo= Sr - -FRO eo(- ff dn) 0. a Ri) = 1- F(r) f f(uydu - eo(-[ cau) It lo dF(t)fdt fn) tM fine - 1-FO) f° f(u)du an o MEAN TIME TO FAILURE MTTF = &(T) = LP’ urmar oe R(s) = [ Rite" dt 0 When s = 0, we get <0 R0) =f R() dt = MTTF 0 THE BINOMIAL AND GEOMETRIC DISTRIBUTIONS Pr(X =x) = ("era = py" forx=0.1,....0 E(X) = np var(X) = np(1—p)THE EXPONENTIAL DISTRIBUTION 29 R(t) = PriT > 1) =[ f(u)du=e* fort > 0 t ee o 1 1 mete = [ Rit)dt -[ evMNd=— var(T) = = 0 0 a x THE WEIBULL DISTRIBUTION R(t) =Pr(T > 0) =e" for 1 > 0 wrt = f° Rede =r (2 +1) 0 a \e var(T) = 4 (r(2 + ') -r (; + ')) ae @ a Structure Function ya { 1 ifthe systems functioning (2) =) ifthe system is in a failed state Series Structure » P(x) = xp Qi = Te Parallel Structure‘ 8 (2) =1- (l=) — 23) ay) = 1 - PJ) isl k-out-of-n Structure 1 1 if Yixyzk i=l (x) = = 0 if Suck isiSystems of Independent Components SYSTEM RELIABILITY pst) = E(@(X(t))) Reliability of Series Structures A(pQ)) = E@(XW)))=E (I! x) j=l = [ema =T] no Reliability of Parallel Structures ACP) = E@(X))) =1- TI — E(Xi(1)) = 1-JJa-pm=[fa@ i=l i=l Reliability of k-out-of-n Structures ps(t) = Priv) =k) =o ("Joma = puny? yak Pivotal Decomposition A(py) = pilt) ACA, ptt)) + CL ~ pilt)) - hO;, p(t) pilt)- (ACL;, pe) = AO), ptt))] = A(O;, ptr) NONREPAIRABLE SYSTEMSComponent Importance BIRNBAUM’S MEASURE ah 8G |) = PO = ac, pe) — AO: pw) Opi) IMPROVEMENT POTENTIAL PG |r) = hj, pt) —A(p)) for? =1,2,...,0 PPG) = PG 1-0 — pi) PG | 0) = h(p (0), p(t) — hp) PG 11) = BG {t)- (oe) - pi(t)) CRITICALITY IMPORTANCE 13G [ 1) - C= pilt)) Re) 7) = re) = ipaMarkov Processes Pit) = Pr(X (1) = j | X() =i) foralli, j eX , YP =1 forallie x j=0 : transition rate matrix ~ i . r EG) =~ ay =a Py foralixé § ay =-a =- ay j=0 je ‘Chapman-Kolmogorov Equations r P(t +s) =P Pie Pep(s) forall i, j € X,1,5 > 0 k= Kolmogorov Differential Equations ' r PyO = Yan PyO - Py) = Yan Py pe k=O “i State equations Pa) A= Pa) ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTION The steady-state probabilities P-A=0 yeeVisit Frequency =v) = Pyaj = > Prag; kal iy ~ 1 Mean Duration of a Visit 8) = E(T)) = wy System Availability As= oy jeB Frequency of System Failures or= Ly Pj -aje jeBke Mean Duration of a System Failure 1 = Ay = cp - OF Mean Time between System Failures =MTBF, = a OF Mean Functioning Time until System Failure MTBF, = E(U), + Or Parallel Structures of Independent Components a on x oa 4 '-4=TTa=I 5 wr = (IAs) So mi = 5, Ai + Hi Series Structures of Independent Components a . -[n- Iz Ha op sAy Sly op = LOA +i isl OFMean Time to System Failure 0 R*(0) = f R(t)dt = MTTFs 0 P3(s)-Ag=[sP™(s)—P@Ie MTTF= 5° PO)