DRUG STUDY

Drug name Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing

and Responsibilities
frequency

Generic 25 mg / Diuretic  Edema  Contraindicated to  CNS: headache,  To enhance

Name: tab OD  Hypertension patients drowsiness, absorption, give
Spironolacton Mechanism of  Diuretic- hypersensitive to lethargy, confusion, drug with meals.
e Action: induced drug. ataxia  Protect drug from
Potassium-sparing hypokalemia  Contraindicated in  GI: diarrhea, gastric light.
Brand diuretic;  To detect those with anuria, bleeding,  Monitor electrolyte
Names: antagonizes primary acute or ulceration, levels, fluid intake
Aldactone aldosterone in the hyperaldoster progressive reanal cramping, gastritis, and output, weight,
distal tubules, onism insufficiency, or vomiting and blood
increasing water  To manage hyperkalemia.  GU: inability to pressure.
and sodium primary  Use cautiously in maintain erection  Monitor elderly
excretion. hyperaldoster patients with fluid  Heamtologic: patients closely,
onism and electrolyte agranulocytosis who are more
 Heart failure, imbalances,  Meatbolic: susceptible to
as adjunct to impaired renal hyponatremia, excessive diuresis.
ACE inhibitor function, or hepatic hyperkalemia,  Inform laboratory
or loop disease. dehydration, mild that patient is
diuretic, with  Use with extreme acidosis taking
or without caution in pregnant  Skin: urticaria, spironolactone
cardiac women. hirsutism, because drug may
glycoside maculopapular interfere with tests
 Hirsutism in eruptions. that measure
women  Other: digoxin level.
 Premenstrual gynecomastia,  Maximum
syndrome breast soreness, hypertensive
 Acne vulgaris drug fever, response may be
 Familial male anaphylaxis. delayed for up to 2
precocious weeks.
puberty  Watch out for
hyperchloremic
metabolic acidosis,
which may occur
during therapy,
especially in
patients with
hepatic cirrhosis.
PATIENT TEACHING
  Instruct patient to
take drug in
morning top
prevent need to
urinate at night. If
second dose is
needed, tell him to
take it with food in
the early
afternoon.
 Alert: to prevent
serious
hyperkalemia,
warn patient to
avoid excessive
ingestion of
potassium-rich
foods, potassium-
containing salt
substitutes, and
potassium
supplements.
 Caution patient not
to perform
hazardous
activities if adverse
CNS reactions
occur.
 Advise about
possible breast
tenderness .
Drug name Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing
and Responsibilities
frequency

Generic 750mg Cephalosporins  Pharyngitis,  Contraindicated in  CV: phlebitis,  Before giving the
Name: IVP q8 tonsillitis, patients thrombophlebitis, drug, ask patient
Cefuroxime Mechanism of infection of hypersensitive to  GI: if he is allergic to
Action: the urinary or drug or other pseudomembranous penicillins or
Second-generation lower cephalosporins. colitis, nausea, cephalosporins.
Brand cephalosporin that respiratory  Use cautiously in anorexia, comiting,  Obtain specimen
Names: that inhibits cell- tracts, and patients diarrhea for culture an
Ceftin wall synthesis, skin or skin- hypersensitive to  Hematologic: sensitivity tests
promoting osmotic structure penicillin because of transient before giving the
instability; usually infection possibility of cross- neutropenia, first dose.
bactericidal. caused by sensitivity with eosinophila, Therapy may
Streptococcus other beta-lactam hemolytic anemia, begin while
pneumonia antibiotics. thrombocytopenia waiting for the
and S.  Use cautiously in  Skin: results.
pyogenes, breat-feeding maculopapular and  Absorption of oral
Haemophilus women and in erythematous drug may be
influenza, patients history of rashes, urticaria, enhanced by food.
Staphylococc colitis or renal pain, induration,  Tablets may be
us aureus, insufficiency. sterile abscesses, crushed, if totally
Escherichia  temperature necessary, for
coli, elevation, tissue patients who can’t
Moraxella sloughing. swallow tablets.
catarrhalis,  Other: Tablets may be
Neisseria hypersensitivity dissolved in small
gonorrhea, reactions, serum amounts of apple,
and klebsiella sickness, orange or grape
and anaphylaxis. fruit or chocolate
Enterobacter milk. However,
species. the drug has a
 Serious lower bitter taste that is
respiratory difficult to mask,
tract even with food.
infection,
UTI, skin or PATIENT TEACHING
skin structure  Tell patient to take
infection, drug as prescribed,
bone or joint- even after he feels
bone better.
infection,  Instruct patient to
septicemia, take oral form with
meningitis, food.
and  If patient has
gonorrhea. difficulty
 Uncomplicate swallowing tablets,
d UTI show him how to
 Otitis Media dissolve or crush
 Pharyngitis tablets but warn
and tonsillitis him that the bitter
 Perioperative taste is hard to
prevention mask even with
 Early Lyme food.
disease  Instruct the patient
 Secondary to notify health
 bacterial care provider if
infection of rash or evidence of
acute super infection.
bronchitis  Tell patient to
 Uncomplicate notify prescriber
d gonorrhea about loose stools
 Acute or diarrhea.
bacterial
maxillary
sinusitis
caused by
Streptococcus
Pnuemoniae
or
Haemophilus
influenza.

Drug name Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing

and Responsibilities
frequency

Generic 30mg/ Oral This drug is  gas in stomach  This drug should
Name: tab OD Hypoglycaemics indicated for  Hypersensitivity to  heartburn be taken exactly
GLICLAZIDE patients who sulfonylureas  increased amounts as directed;
Mechanism of are:  Type 1 diabetes of urine withmeal(s) at the
Action: Gliclazide  Severe renal or  increased skin same time each
Brand Name: stimulates the  Therapy of hepatic failure sensitivity to the day.
Diamicron MR secretion of insulin maturity onset  Miconazole sun  The dose should
by the beta cells of Diabetes coprescription  nausea or vomiting not be changed or
the pancreas. Mellitus (non-  Presence of keto-  stomach pain or discontinued
In addition to this insulin- acidosis discomfort without
pancreatic action, dependent or  severe renal, doctor’s order.
it has been Type II), hepatic, adrenal or  changes in taste  Alcohol is avoided
demonstrated that where dietary thyroid dysfunction. sensation while taking
gliclazide management  In patients with  changes in appetite this medication;
administration alone has sulphonylurea (increased or could cause
may improve the been intolerance decreased) severe reaction
metabolic insufficient.  constipation
 Not used in "brittle"  do not introduce
utilisation of  diarrhea
or unstable new
glucose at a  difficulty focusing
diabetes. medication
peripheral level. eyes
 Do not use in the without
Gliclazide is well  dizziness
first trimester of consulting
absorbed, and  frequent urination
pregnancy, as prescriber
peak plasma
safety in pregnancy 
 concentrations has not been  Weight changes -  Do not take other
occur (2-8) hours established. Most studies report medication
after no significant within 2 hours
administration. overall change in of this
Gliclazide is (85- weight. medication
97%) bound to  Hypoglycaemic unless advised
plasma proteins. reactions may by prescriber.
Metabolism is occur.  contact
extensive and all  Drug interactions - prescriber
metabolites are Potentiation of the immediately if
devoid of hypoglycaemic hypoglycemic
hypoglycaemic action of the drug reaction is
activity. 60-70% may occur with the experienced.
of the dose is concomitant  Inform the patient
excreted in the administration of to maintain
urine, and 10-20% sulphonamides, regular dietary
in the faeces as salicylates, intake and
metabolites. The phenylbutazone, exercise routine
elimination half-life beta- and always
of gliclazide is 10- adrenoreceptor carry quick
12 hours. blocking agents, source of sugar
mono amine with him/her.
oxidase inhibitors,
ketoconazole,
miconazole,
chloramphenicol,
clofibrate or
halofenate,
cyclophosphamide,
dicoumarol and
cimetidine.
Drug name Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing
and Responsibilities
frequency

Generic 500mg central nervous For the

Name: q8/PRN system agent; treatment of:  Inflammatory  Constipation;  Assess patients
Mefenamic analgesic; nsaid; intestinal diseases.  Diarrhea who develop
acid antipyretic  rheumatoid  Active peptic  Dizziness severe diarrhea
arthritis ulcers.  Headache and vomiting for
Brand Nme: Mechanism of  osteoarthritis  Hypersensitivity to  Heartburn dehydration and
Ibuprofen Action:  dysmenorrhe aspirin  Nausea electrolyte
Mefenamic acid a (acetylsalicylic acid)  stomach upset. imbalance.
binds the  mild to or other non-  Lab tests: With
prostaglandin moderate steroidal anti- Other possibly serious long-term therapy
synthetase pain, inflammatory side effects of (not
receptors COX-1 inflammation agents. mefenamic acid recommended)
and COX-2,  fever  Renal failure. include but are not obtain periodic
inhibiting the limited to: complete blood
action of counts, Hct and
prostaglandin Hgb, and kidney
synthetase. As  Swelling of the face function tests.
these receptors or body
have a role as a  Blisters Patient & Family
major mediator of  Unexplained skin Education
inflammation rash
and/or a role for  Wheezing  Discontinue drug
prostanoid  Difficulty breathing promptly if
signaling in  Stomach or diarrhea, dark
activity-dependent intestine problems, stools,
plasticity, the including bleeding, hematemesis,
symptoms of pain ulcers, or a hole ecchymoses,
are temporarily (known as a epistaxis, or rash
reduced. perforation) occur and do not
 Liver damage, use again. Contact
which can cause: physician.
Nausea ,Fatigue,
Yellowing of the  Notify physician if
skin or whites of persistent GI
the eyes (jaundice), discomfort, sore
Excessive tiredness throat, fever, or
 Kidney problems, malaise occur.
including kidney  Do not drive or
failure engage in
 Fluid retention or potentially
unexplained weight hazardous
gain activities until
response to drug is
known. It may
cause dizziness and
drowsiness.
 Monitor blood
glucose for loss of
glycemic control if
diabetic.
 Do not breast feed
while taking this
 drug without
consulting
physician.

Drug name Dosage Classification Indication Contraindication Side effects Nursing

and Responsibilities
frequency

Generic 25 mcg  Asthma  Hypersensitivity to  Fine tremor of  If the desired

Name: /tab BID Antiasthmatic &  Chronic any component of skeletal muscle, therapeutic effect
Procaterol HCl COPD Preparations product. palpitations,
bronchitis of
tachycardia, nervous
Mechanism of  Dyspnea PRECAUTIONS: tension, headaches, Procaterol has not
Brand Name: Action:  Dysponea, peripheral been
Careful Administration
 Emphysema. Patients with vasodilatation, achieved at the
Meptin Procaterol is a hyperthyroidism (The muscle cramps
recommended
direct-acting disease may be (rare),
sympathomimetic hypersensitivity dose,
exacerbated.)
with predominantly reactions. the drug should be
β-adrenoceptor  Caution: discontinued
 Patients with
stimulant activity Hyperthyroidism,  Continuous
hypertension (Blood
selective to β2 myocardial
pressure may administration of
receptors. insufficiency,
further increase.) excessive amounts
arrhythmias,
 Patients with heart of this drug may
susceptibility to QT-
disease (Palpitation,
interval cause cardiac
arrhythmia,
prolongation, arrhythmia and
exacerbation of
hypertension,
heart disease, and cardiac arrest.
diabetes mellitus,
other symptoms Special care should
severe asthma;
may occur.)
pregnancy. Not to therefore be taken
 Patients with be used in the not to exceed the
diabetes mellitus treatment of
(The disease may recommended dose
moderate to severe
be exacerbated.) asthma. of this drug
 Patients during
pregnancy or Careful
suspected of being
Administration for
pregnant (See “6.
Use during the following
Pregnancy, patients:
Delivery, or
Lactation”.  Patients with
 hyperthyroidism
(the
disease may be
exacerbated.)
 Patients with
hypertension
(Blood
pressure may
further increase.)
 Patients with heart
disease
(Palpitation,
arrhythmias,
exacerbation of
heart disease, and
other symptoms
may occur.)
 Patients with
diabetes mellitus
(The disease may
be exacerbated.)
 Patients during
pregnancy or
suspected
pregnancy.

Intravenous Fluid

Treatment/ Classification Indication Contraindication Nursing Responsibilities

Infusion
Plain Normal Isotonic  Intravenously, it is
Saline Solution Intravenous used for hydration, and contraindications.
(PNSS) to run Solution as a carrier to get other
for 16 hours things like drugs,
banked blood into a
person.
 Irrigating solution
during surgery.
 Medication dilution.
 Wound cleaning.
No known  Sodium chloride injection, USP should be
used with great care, if at all, in all patients
with congestive heart failure (CHF)., severe
renal insufficiency, and clinical states in
which there is existing edema with sodium
retention.
 Do not connect flexible plastic containers of
IV solutions in series connections. Such use
could result in air embolism due to residual
air being drawn from one container before
administration of the fluid from a secondary
container is completed.
 Vented IV administration sets with the vent
in the open position should not be used
with flexible plastic containers.