Mohican Dictionary by Lion G. Miles

MOHICAN DICTIONARY
Compiled by Lion G. Miles
The Mohican language, an Algonquian dialect, was spoken in the

Hudson River Valley and adjacent regions by about 12,000 people prior
to the arrival of European settlers in the seventeenth century. The first
dictionary of the language was published in 1991 by Carl Masthay, using
a single source, the word list compiled by the Moravian missionary
Johann Jacob Schmick. As a compliment to that work the following
dictionary has been compiled from many different sources with an
emphasis on the writings of the Indians themselves. Both dictionaries
contain about 1000 distinct words but there are a number of significant
differences. While many of Schmick’s words are included here, the
dictionary is based primarily on the writings of Hendrick Aupaumut, a
bilingual Mohican chief, and John Wauwaumpequunnaunt, the native
interpreter for the missionary John Sergeant. They wrote in English
orthography, as opposed to Schmick’s German, and their writings are
fully in context with all inflections, as opposed to Schmick’s simple list
of words and phrases. A Mohican grammar is being developed and will
be included in the final version of this dictionary.
(Based chiefly on sources from the years 1740 to 1830)

The many variant spellings indicate different grammatical forms and are
explained in the Grammar. Some may be transcription errors from
printed texts.
Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 1

ENGLISH TO MOHICAN
ABUSE MAUMCHEHTAUSEEK = abusing

(Aupaumut)
ACCEPT WTENQUQ = he accepts us (Aupaumut)

WOWWEKIHNAUYON = be acceptable
(Morse)
ACCORDING TO WEEWCHEWEH (Aupaumut)
ACCOUNT (verb) KTINNEHHOOKAUNAUNOQCHEH =

will account for (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
ACKNOWLEDGE NAWUQUONKUH (Aupaumut)
ACTIONS OIENONNUHKAUNEET,
(see WORKS) OINANNUHKAUTOOP,
UNNONNUHKAUN (Aupaumut)
OINANNUHKAUTOOP (Sergeant)
ACQUIT POTOMMOOHHAUNAUK (Aupaumut)
ADAM (name) AUTOMMUH (Aupaumut)
ADMINISTER UNNOQNOMMOWWAUYUQ,
UNNUQNOMMOWWAUWUN
(Aupaumut)
ADOPT, RECEIVE NOOTNAUSEEK (Aupaumut)

NOOTINNUMHITTET, NOOTINNUKKEEK,
NNÒTÌNNUMMUNAUNAUNCHEH,
NOOTINNUMAUK (Sergeant)
ADULTERY WEHPAUTOMMAUTHEHHUN (Aupaumut)
ADVANCE WAUCHOIYEK (Aupaumut)
AFTER MOHCHEH (Aupaumut & Sergeant)

MÁCHTSCHE = after that (Passion of Christ)
AGAIN NAUSKEH, NAUSKEWEH, WONKCHEH =

again will (Aupaumut)
WONKCHEH (Sergeant)
NÀCHKEOWÈ = once more, AWOAK (Passion
of Christ)
WAK, TSCHEWAK (Schmick)
ANAQUECH (Moravian Archives)
AGAINST MCHEHTAUSOOW, MCHEHTIYUH

(Aupaumut)
AGGRAVATION, CORRUPTION AUNENAUNQUOHK,

AUNENAUQUOHK (Aupaumut)
AUNENAUNQUOHK (Sergeant)
AGONY ÁNACHCHEHENÁU (Passion of Christ)
AGREEABLE AUYAUTOMMAUNOIQUEH (Auapumut)
ALBANY, N.Y. PAUPAUTANWUTHYAUK = council fire

place (Aupaumut)
PEMPOTAWUTHUT = “praying place” or
“place of the council fire” (Schoolcraft)
ALIKE TAUTPEMAUW, TAUTPOIKEEK,

TAUTPUMQUITHTHOOW,
TAUTPAIYAUQ, KTAUTPAIHUMMUH
= be like, WTAUTPAUYON,
WTAUTPOIYUN (Aupaumut)
ALL, WHOLE MAUWEH, MOWWEH, MUWWEH,

MSICHCHAUWEH, NMOWWEH,
NMUWWEH, MAUWEEK,
MAUWEECH , MUWWAUWAUK,
MAUWOHKUMMAUKEH = all
day, KAUMKEH,
MSICHCHAUWEH (Aupaumut)
MÁWE, MÁOWE (Schmick)

MAUWEH, MOUWEH, MAUWEECH,
MSUTCHCHAUWEH (Sergeant)
MAUWEY (Jenks)
MAWE (Tschoop & Moravian Archives)
WAAMÍ (Heckewelder)
MÁOWE, MÁOWEETSCH (Passion of Christ)
MAUWEH, MAWEH (Edwards)
ALONE PASCHGON (Moravian Archives)
ALREADY MECHTSCH (Heckewelder)

PAGGÁTSCHE (Schmick)
PÁGATSCHE, PÁGGATSCHE (Passion of
Christ)
ALSO, AGAIN WAUCH (Aupaumut)

WAK (Schmick)
WAUK (Morse)
WEETSCHE (Passion of Christ)
ALWAYS, ETERNAL EIAUNEH, EYAUPCHEH (Aupaumut)

EIAUNEH, NÓNEH (Sergeant)
GOMMÁO (Passion of Christ)
GOMMAWE (Moravian Archives)
AMEN (see SAY) UNNOIYEK, UNNOIYOOW = let it be,

ANNOIYICH = so be it,
NON NEH, NUN NEH = this is all
(Aupaumut)
AMONG OIEHTEET (Sergeant)
ANCESTORS, PARENTS NGEHCHOIESUMMUK (Aupaumut)
AND WONK, WONKCHEH = again will, DON,

DUN, NDON, KENEH, KUH,
NUNKUN (Aupaumut)
WONK, KUH (Sergeant)
N’DON (Jenks)
DON (Morse)

WAK, WAAK (Tschoop & Schmick)
WAK, WAAK, NÀN (Passion of Christ)
ANGEL ENGEL = from German (Passion of Christ)
ANGRY EMMUCHCHOONUT,
(see WRATH) NDOMMUCHOONAWU =
angry with me, OMMUCHCHOONUT
(Aupaumut)
NDOMMÚCHOONAWÙ,
OMMUCHCHOONUT (Sergeant)
ANIMAL KTOWWOISUMMUK = your animals,

UHQUOUWOISECHEE = creatures,
beasts, UHQUOIKEH = creatures,
bodies, things, WTUHHOKSENMON =
his animal (Aupaumut)
AHWOYISS (Metoxen)
ANSWER AUKHCHEWEH (Aupaumut)

ODAÀCHDAAPTÓNAMAWÀHN = they
answered, ODAACHTAAPTONAMÀ =
answered, AACHTAAPTONÀ =
answered, UDNACHTNAPTONAMÀ =
answered,
KTÀAACHTAAPTÓNAMAAK,
TAAPTÓNAMAWÒHN = answered
(Passion of Christ)
ANY NITHUH (Aupaumut & Sergeant))

NITHOH (Morse)
ANYONE AUNEH AUM (Aupaumut)
ANYTHING NITHUH KAUQUI, NITHUKAUM

(Aupaumut)
APPLE ÁPENES (Schmick)
APPLY KPAUKHWOOKHTANQUNNAUNUH,

PAUKHWOHTAUQUNNAUNUH,
PAUKHWUHTAUQUQ (Aupaumut)
APPOINT KEESOOTMOOQ = appointed,

KESOOTKEH = appointed, decrees,
KESOOTKISEUH, KESOOTKUP,
KESOOTMOWWAUMKUP,
WKESOOTMONNAUP = he
appointed (Aupaumut)
KECETAUN = created (Jenks)
APPREHENSION NAUMEHTAUCHEH (Aupaumut)
ARM NISQUÀN, TENNEMAGANEGAN (Schmick)

TENNEMAGANEGAU (Schoolcraft)
CANÁGHK (Jefferson)
ARMED NÓAHAMNA (Passion of Christ)
AS, BY, BECAUSE AUNEH, AUNEECH, UNNEECH, AUNEEK,

AUNUW, AUNOW, AUNOWOIHEECH ,
UNNOW, UNNUW (Aupaumut)
AUNEH (Sergeant)
AUNOW (Morse)
ANE (Schmick & Passion of Christ)
ASCEND SPOKHAUTUP, SPOKHAUWON =

ascended, THPOKHAUK,
THPOOHQUOH = ascend, lift up
(Aupaumut)
ASHAMED KMECHANSE = you are ashamed,

N’MECHANSE = I am ashamed
(Schmick)
ASHES, DUST PUNGÚ (Heckewelder)

PÙKQUEU, PÙCKQUEÜW, P’QUÉI
(Schmick)
ASK WEENOMQUOKKUH,

(see PETITION) WEENWOMMAUYUQ = asked,
WEENWUMKUH, WEENWUTHEEQ,
WEENWUTHEET (Aupaumut)
KUCIMONAN = you ask, KUTSCHEMÓNEN
= I ask, OKUTSCHEMONÁWA = he asks
him (Schmick)
WEENWUMMÚKUH,
WEENWUMMOOHHANNUH,
WEENWUMMUNNAUK (Sergeant)
ODAAPTONAMÀ = asked, ÓTENAWÀHN =
asked, GUTSCHÉMOHN,
GUTSCHÉMONÒCHKQ,
GÚTSCHEMONAWA ,
OKUTSCHÉMONÀ,
OKUTSCHÈMONÁU = asked,
MACHMÀTUAMNÁHK,
MACHMÁTUAMMAHN = asked
(Passion of Christ)
ASSIGN KTENQUEHQUCHK,
KTENQUONMOWWAUNAUNUH
(Aupaumut)
ASSURE WAUWETIYAUNTOMMUQ = assured,

WAUWETIYAUNTOMMUN =
assurance (Aupaumut)
KAHÉNNA (Passion of Christ)
AT ATANÈ (Passion of Christ)
ATTEND KKONTHOTTOMMONNAUNUH
(Aupaumut)
ATTRIBUTE WTENNAUWTH, WTENNAUWTHOOW,

WTENNEWEETHWAUKAUNNUN,
WTENNAUSOOW = accompany, flow
from (Aupaumut)
AUDIENCE BÁPTAWETSCHEEK (Passion of Christ)

AUNT OHMETHAN (Jenks)
AUTUMN T’QUAUQUUH (Jenks)
AWL MIGGOAS (Metoxen)

MAKOOS (Schmick)
AX, HATCHET UTHENNETMUHHECON (Aupaumut)

KTUMHECAN = thy hatchet, TMOHHECAN,
KTUMHECANNOOWUH = your
hatchet, NDUMHECAN = my hatchet,
NDUMHECANNUH = our hatchet,
UTUMHECAN = his hatchet ,
UTUMHECANNOOWUH = their hatchet
(Edwards)
TUMMAHÉCAN (Heckewelder)
TEMMAHÉGAN, T’MAHÉGAN,
TUMMEHÉGAN (Schmick)
BACK (body part) CAPUSHQUAN (Jefferson)

NAWEGAN (Ettwein)
BAD, EVIL MAUTEHK, MAUTIHK, NMUCHCHOI =

wicked, MAUMTUNNUHKIYAUK,
MAUMUTTHEYAUQ,
MAUNTONNUHKAUT = does evil,
MAUTUHQUAUMEET = bad, corrupt,
NUTKEHMAUTUHQUAMEET,
MUMMUTTEHK = heinous,
MUMMUTTUH = heinous,
MUMUTTEEHK = evil (Aupaumut)
M’TUT = inanimate, M’TUHTHOW =
animate (Metoxen)
MACHTIT (Jenks)
MÁTEEK (Schmick)
MATECHK (Tschoop)
MACHTÍT (Heckewelder)
MAUTEHK, NMUCHEHOI = wicked
(Sergeant)

MATTÀ, MÁTEEK, MÁTSCHAIK = bad man,
thief, MÁMATSCHÁIKEEK = evil-doers,
robbers, MAÁTSCHAIK = evil-doers,
malefactors, ANÈMATSCHÁIJÉWE = do
bad (Passion of Christ)
MUMACHOIEAUKEH, MAUMTEHKEH,
MATHOIKTEHHCHEH (Edwards)
CO-MAT-SAÏ (Jefferson)
BAG OF PEACE MNOTY, NE-MAU-WON-NEH MNO-TI =

smaller bags (Aupaumut)
BAPTISM THOOKKNUPPAUNTEEN,
(see RAIN) THOOKKNUPPAUNTOWAUKUN,
THOOKNUPPAUNNAUMUK,
THOOKKNUPPAUNAUK = to be
baptized (Aupaumut)
SOOGNEPONG (Schmick)
SOKENNUPPAUNTUWAUNKUNNUK,
SOKUNNUPPAUNTUEWAUNKUN
(Sergeant)
BE, IS NOONUNNOIYAW = these be (Aupaumut)

OIEKEH, OIEHTEET, ANNOIEH,
ANNOIEYUH, ANNOIYUWAUK
(Sergeant)
OIEON, OIECHEEK (plural), AUNOIEYON,
OIEHTEET, WTINNOIYUWUN = I am
(Edwards)
BEAM (verb) MKHUHPSEY, MKHUKSEY (Aupaumut)
BEANS TPACHQUAN (Ettwein & Schmick)

TUPOHQUAUN (MHS Collections)
BEAR (animal) MUKWOH (Metoxen)

MQUOH (Edwards & Long)
MUCHQUAUH (Barton)
MACHQUÒ, MACHQUÀ, MACHQUÈ,
MÁCHQ (Schmick)

MACHQUO (Ettwein)
MACHQUÁ (Heckewelder)
MAGH-QUÒNG (Jefferson)
BEARD WICHTONEIJIN (Heckewelder)

WECHTONAJÀ, WACHQUANECHTONAJÁU
= long beard (Schmick)
WI-TÒ-NA, WEA-WHOM-CATÓANÁS
(Jefferson)
BEAUTIFUL WAUNSEET (Sergeant)

WNISSOO = he is beautiful, WAUNSEET = the
man who is beautiful (Edwards)
NONESÈ = I am beautiful, KONESÈ = you
are beautiful (Schmick)
BEAVER AMUSK (Metoxen)

AMÙCHKQ (Schmick)
AMISQUE (Long)
ONA-MUS-QUAH-KEEK = Land of the
Beavers or Lake Winnebago (Adams)
BECAUSE, THEREFORE QUAM, QUAUMMECH, OCHEH, NIK FROM

WOCHEH = from this, OCHEHAUN,
OCHEHTAUWUNUH = make from,
QUAUMNUH, QUAUMEH (Aupaumut)
QUAUMEH (Sergeant)
OCHEH = from, NGWEHCHEH (Edwards)
OTSCHE (Schmick)
QUAM (Moravian Archives)
BECOME ÁNENACHGAAT (Passion of Christ)
BEFORE UNNUHHUHHAUK (Aupaumut)

OTSCHÈ (Passion of Christ)
BEFORE, IN FRONT SCHAJÁWE, PAATSCHÈ (Passion of Christ)
BECOME KTENNOIEN = you become (Aupaumut)

BEGIN NOCHEH + verb = begin to, NOOCHEH +
verb (Aupaumut)
NÀNKNÈ (Passion of Christ)
BEGINNING EEYNOOQQUEHQ, EEYNOQUEHQ

(Aupaumut)
BEHAVIOR, ACTIONS OINUNKIYUH, OINUNNUHKIQUQ,

(see DO) OINUNNUHKIYUKQ (Aupaumut)
OINUNNUHKIUKQ, OINUNNUHKIAUKEH,
OIENUNNUHKIAUKEH,
OINANNUHKAUWAUK (Sergeant)
BEHOLD P’NAWÒCHK’Q (Passion of Christ)
BELIEVE WAUNSENECHEH, WAUNSETKEEK =

(see FAITH) believers, WAUNSITKEEK =
believers, WAUNSOTKEEK = to
believers, WAUNTHITTOWWAUQ =
believed, WAUNTHITTUWWAUT =
believe in him,
KOONSITTUWWUWHUNNUH
(Aupaumut)
KOHNSITTAMMENÀNAU = we believe,
NOHNSITTAMMEN = I believe
(Schmick)
KÓHNSÉTTAWEWAHOMMÀ (Passion of
Christ)
WAUNSENECHEH, WNISTUMMAUK
(Sergeant)
ONÍSTANAN, ONISTAWAWEHP = believed
(Moravian Archives)
BELLY MACHTY, OMAUCHTEI (Barton)

UMACHATEYÍN (Heckewelder)
MAGHTA, MAGHTAÏ, U-MÀCH-A-TU
(Jefferson)

BELONG TNAUTIPPAUNMEH = belong to,
WAUCHAUYEK = that which belongs to,
WAUYEK = belong to (Aupaumut)
BEND IN THE RIVER WNOGQUETOOKOKE = Stockbridge, Mass.

(Edwards)
WEANTINOCK = New Milford, Conn.
(Orcutt)
BENEFITS SESOWWOIWAUKUNNUN = benefits,

privileges, SESAWOIWAUKUNNUN,
SESOWWOIWAUKONNUN,
SESOWWOIWUK,
WSESOWWEHWAUKONNUN = his
benefits,
WSESEWWOIWANKUNNOWAUN,
WNAUPAUSWUK ,
WNAUPAUTUMMUN,
WNAUPTUMMUHTEET (Aupaumut)
WNEUMPAUTUMMUNNEH,
WNAUMPAUTUMMAUK,
WNAUMPAUTUMMÍHTET (Sergeant)
BETRAY OTÀNNÁHASEET, ANÈHOKÙK (Passion of

Christ)
BEWARE NAUNKHUHHOOQ (Aupaumut)
BIBLE BIBLEUK (Aupaumut & Sergeant)

BEIBELICK (Passion of Christ)
BIND KNEHPESENAUNUH (Aupaumut)

KNEEPNANÁWÁ = they bound,
ÓKANÈPNAWÀHN = bound him
(Passion of Christ)
BIRD TSCHICHTSÍS (Heckewelder)

TSCHEECHTSCHIS, TSCHÈCHTSCHIS
(Schmick)
TSCHI-TSIS, CHA-CHIS (Jefferson)

TSCHITUS (Barton)
BITTER WEETHKEH = bitterly (Aupaumut)

WESAKAN, WISAKAN (Schmick)
WEESSI = gall (Passion of Christ)
BLACK SUKKAUYOOH = animate,

NAUTHKAUYUK = inanimate
(Metoxen)
N’SIKKAYOOH (Barton)
N’SUCKGAJIN, N’SUKGAJÚ (Heckewelder)
SUC-KA-JU, N-SACAYO (Jefferson)
BLACKBIRD CHOGH-QUAN-NÈGH (Jefferson)
BLANKET MACHSANÉY (Heckewelder)

N’MASSÀNAI = my blanket, WAPASSANAI
(Schmick)
BLESS ANNEHTAUT, ANNEHTAUN = blessing

(see MAKE) UNNEHTAUN = blessing, UNNEHTAUT
= blessing, making,
WEETTONNUHKAUMAUT = his
blessings, WUHWEKOIWUK = blessed
(Aupaumut)
WETAHAMUKQUE = he blesses (Schmick)
WAUWOONNUMMUNSEYAUK = blessings
(Sergeant)
ÓTACOOSCÉNA = blessed (Passion of Christ)
BLOOD WPUKKUHKONNOME = his blood

(Aupaumut)
P’GACHGANON (Tschoop)
P’QACHGAN (Schmick)
P’QUCHGAN (Ettwein)
PUCAKAN (Barton)
P’GÁCHGAN, P’GÁCHGANOONNÈ,
PGACHGANOHM (Passion of Christ)
‘PGACHGANOM, PEGACHGANOM
(Moravian Archives)

P’GACHCÁN (Heckewelder)
PO-CAGK-CAN, PEACH-CAN (Jefferson)
BLOW WAUWTUKHKHUK (Aupaumut)
BLUE SCHIWAPWAJÚ (Heckewelder)

ONAWÁJU (Schmick)
BODY NHOKKI = my body, NUHKAUG = myself,

WHUKKI = his body, himself, person,
WHUKKIYEWEH = his body, himself
(Aupaumut)
NHOKKI, WHOKKI (Sergeant)
KHACKEI (Ettwein)
OHACKAI (Tschoop)
OHÁKKEI = his body, HAKKEI, HACKAY,
HÁCKAI (Schmick)
NHÁKKEI = me, NÁKKAAK, OHÁKKEI =
his body, KHÁKKEI = your body
(Passion of Christ)
NEHACAÏ, U-HÀCK-Y-ÜN (Jefferson)
BONDAGE UNNUHKAUKUNNEYUNNUP (Aupaumut)
BONE WACHNAN (Ettwein)

WACHGÀN (Schmick)
WOCH-GÁN, WOCHGUN, WÁGH-CÓN
(Jefferson)
WUCHKAN, OOSKAN (Barton)
BOOK (see WRITE) WSOHEKUN, WSOOWHEKUN =

scriptures, writings, painting
(Aupaumut)
OOTHOOHÉGÁN (Jenks)
OSÒHÉGANÀN = book, letter, Bible, scribes
(Passion of Christ)
OSOEHÉGAN, OSOHÉGAN, NOSOAHÉGAN
my book (Schmick)
BORN MTOPPEEN, MTOPPEET, MTOPPOOP,

MTOPPEMAUQ, MTOPPETUH,
MUHTOPPEET, MUHTPECHEEK,
WAUCHAUMMTOPPEET =
wherein born (Aupaumut)
MACHTAPPO = he is born (Schmick)
MACHTAPPEEKSUHANÈ = had been born
(Passion of Christ)
MATAPEANOPNE (Moravian Archives)
BOTH SIDES OF RIVER IKUATUAM = proper name (Austin Quinney)
BOW (weapon) ‘THKENÁGHOO (Jenks)
BOW (verb) NÁWAKECHNÀ = he bowed (Passion of

Christ)
NÁWAKEECHNÀ = he bowed (Schmick)
BOW, BEND, CURVE SACHKENÁU (Schmick)
BOY PENAUPAHTHUH (Jenks)

PINAPASU (Heckewelder)
PI-NA-PA-SÒ, PÀNAMBASÓ (Jefferson)
PENUMPAUSOO, PENUMPAUSOOUK =
boys (Edwards)
BREAD TQUOKH, DUQKHOMNUH (Aupaumut)

TACHQUÒCH, TAQUÒCH (Schmick)
TACHQUACH (Ettwein)
T’QUÒCH (Passion of Christ)
TACHQUOCH (Heckewelder)
TACH-QUÀCH, TO-QUAH (Jefferson)
TAUQUAUH, PUMMEH (Barton)
TQUOGH (Edwards)
BREAK WPAUPKHKEHKOMMONNAUWAUN =
he breaks (Aupaumut)
PACHKENIMMEN = break off (Schmick)
TÁHAWEWAHN (Passion of Christ)
PUKHKÙHUKPANNEH = broken (Sergeant)

BREAST, CHEST WACHPÁSSEI = his/her breast (Schmick)
WACHPÁSSEI = his/her breast, NACHPÁSSEI
= my breast (Schmick & Ettwein)
WAPÁSSAOWAHN = breasts (Passion of
Christ)
BREASTPLATE HYETHOON (Aupaumut)
BRING PAUSONENUNNUP = brought, PAUSWAUMUK

= brought (Aupaumut)
PAUSHWAUMMUK = brought (Sergeant)
BROAD M’CHIKCHGAU (Heckewelder)
BROOM TSCHEKEGAN (Schmick)
BROTHER NKHEETH-MON-NAUK = younger brothers

(Aupaumut)
NETOHCON = elder brother, NGHEESUM =
younger brother or sister (Edwards)
NETACHGAN, NETACHAN = elder brother
(Schmick, Tschoop, & Du Ponceau)
NETACHGANAK (plural, Tschoop)
NETÁCHGAN = my brother,
NETACHGANÀCK= brothers (Moravian
Archives)
NITACHGÁN (Heckewelder)
NI-TÀCH-CAN, NA-TAH-CAN (Jefferson)
CHESEM = younger brother or sister (Schmick
& Du Ponceau)
KESHUM = younger brother, NETOHKUN =
elder brother (Sergeant)
NETAHCAN, NOCHHESUM (Barton)
O’GHETHMÁN (Jenks)
BUFFALO SHAT-NA-WA-CÓ-WA (Jefferson)
BUILD WUKKEETTHONUH = well built (Aupaumut)
BURN CHEHKITHTHIK (Aupaumut)

BURY HQUNNAUP = buried (Aupaumut)
ACHQUÁNNAWÚN = buried,
ACHQUÀNNACHTÉTÈ,
ÁHQUANAZIÀ = grave, the Z is
incorrect (Passion of Christ)
BUSHEL POOHSNUK (Aupaumut)
BUT, HOWEVER PSOOQ, PSOOQQNHTKEH,

PSOOQQUEEK, PSOOQQUEETKEH,
PSOQUEETKEH,
MOHCHEET, MOOHCHEET,
MOOHCHEETNSENNUK,
PCOOQUEECH (Aupaumut)
PSUCK, PSUK, PSUKQUEEK (Schmick &
Tschoop)
PSHOOQ (Sergeant)
PSCHÙK, PSCHÙKQUEED, MUCHTSCHEED,
PSCHÙKQUEET (Passion of Christ)
MUCHTSCHED (Moravian Archives)
BUTTER PÓTEN = loan word from Dutch “boter”

(Schmick)
BUTTERFLY MAGH-MA-CHÁSIN (Jefferson)
BUZZARD A-HAN-SÓSE = turkey buzzard (Jefferson)
CALL NOOCHEMOOQCHEH = will call me,

WCHEEMTOWAUKUN = calling
(Aupaumut)
WECHTAMEN = called (Schmick)
NOOCHEMOOQCHEH = will call (Sergeant)
KTÁINEECHMÀ = you call me,
ÁNEMOWAASSÁIKÀ = cried, called
(Passion of Christ)
CAN, ABLE KESEH, KESEK, KSEH, KKESEH,

NGESHEH = I can, WKESEH = he can,

KSEH = able (Aupaumut)
WGESHEH = he can, KKESHEH, NGESHEH
= I can (Sergeant)
KÉSCHE = he can (Schmick & Passion of
Christ)
WKESIH = he can (Morse)
CANDLESTICK CHEHCHEEKHKAUK (Aupaumut)
CARELESS MAUMUMMAUQUEHTAUSOOW
(Aupaumut)
CARRY KNÉNNEM, KENÈNMAAK = carried,

KENÈNNAAK, OKÈNNEMÈN =
carried (Passion of Christ)
KNAJÁTAMEN (Schmick)
CAST UHHUHQUEYAUQUEYAUQUEH
(Aupaumut)
CAST OUT NEPAUTHNOOQQUAUK (Aupaumut)
CAT POSEES = from the Dutch “poes” for “pussy

cat” (Aupaumut)
POSCHEES (Schmick)
CHANGE PEPEENWEHNAUWEH (Aupaumut)
CHEEK NANNANÒ (Schmick)
CHEROKEE NATION KUTTOOWAUW (Aupaumut)
CHESTNUT TREE WAPEMINSKINK (Morse)

WÁPEEN (Schmick)
CHICKEN KEPÉPSAK = from the Dutch “kip” (Schmick)

KÉKEPESCH, KÉKEPESOH (Passion of Christ)
CHIEF WAUYAUWÁGHOU (Jenks)

(see KING) WAIJÁWAHN = king, governor, chief,
MÁMA
(Passion of Christ)
CHILD NEECH, WNEECHAUNUH = his children,

OWWAUTHETHUK = children,
OWWAUSEHKOKE = children, kin,
UNECHAUNUH = children,
KCHOITHUK = your children,
WTOWWAUTHMOWAUH = his
children (Aupaumut)
WNEECHUNNUH, WNEECHAUNUH = his
children, OWWAUSEES = children,
OWWAUSEIUM, OWWAUSESUN,
OWAUSESUN, OWAUSEIUN,
NEECH = child (Sergeant)
WNECHUN = his child, WNECHUNAN
(Edwards)
AUWASSÍS, N’NITSCHAAN = my child
(Heckewelder)
AWASCHESAK, AWASESAK (Schmick)
KTAWÁHSMAK = children (Passion of Christ)
AUWASIS (Du Ponceau)
AWANSAISH, NDAU-WÀ-SOM (Jefferson)
CHACQSESEET = infant (Jenks)
CHIN CA-TÒMPACÀN (Jefferson)
CHIPPEWA TRIBE WECHIPPAWAW (Aupaumut)
CHRIST CHRIST, CHRISTUK, CHRISTON

(Aupaumut)
CIRCUIT WEWNOKHAUN = his circuit (Morse)
CITY, TOWN OTANNI (Aupaumut)

OTAUNI (Sergeant)
OTÁNIK, UTÁNIK (Heckewelder)
ÓTANÀHK (Passion of Christ)

CLAIM KNEHNAUTOMMON = you claim
(Aupaumut)
CLAY SUSOO (Ettwein)
CLEAN, CLEAR KKISSEKHOI, KSEEKHMITTEMUK =

wash, clean, KSUKHMUH = wash,
PAUPOHKETUHHAUYUQ = make us
clean (Aupaumut)
KSHEEKHPUHTEET,
KSHEEKHHOIHÍHTEET, KSCHEECHAJO
= be clean, KSCHEECHTANÀ = wash,
OKESCHEECHTOWÀHN = make clean,
KAKSCHEECHMÁMUKKE = bathe
(Sergeant)
KSCHEECHNE (Schmick)
KSEKHIHEH = cleanse, PENAUYOW (Morse)
KESCHEECHTOWAHN (Passion of Christ)
CLEARLY PAUCHEH (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
CLIMB NEHWTAUNAUP = climbed (Aupaumut)
CLOTH, TOWEL HAAMSCHÈS (Passion of Christ)
CLOTHING MAUMAUKSUQQUECHEEK (Aupaumut)

AÁHQUEETSCH, ÁHQUENEED,
AHQUENEET, ÁCHOSOON (Passion of
Christ)
CLOUD MACHTÁCHQ (Heckewelder)

MA-TÀGHQUO (Jefferson)
M’TAUCQ (Jenks)
MATACHQ (Schmick)
MATÀCHQUUK = clouds (Passion of Christ)
COAT PETACHGASON (Schmick)

AHPÉETAKASOHN (Passion of Christ)
COLD T’HAUTHU (Jenks)

TAHAJIK (Heckewelder & Du Ponceau)
TAHÁO, TÁHASÒ = it is cold, MATACHQ,
NTAKQUACHTSCHÈ = I am cold
(Schmick)
TAQUÀTSCHEET (Passion of Christ)
T-HASO (Jefferson)
COME HPEWEEK = they come, PAWU = he comes,

PAUYAUT, PAUYAUKUH, PAUCH,
NEHPAUN = comes, NEHPAUCHEH =
coming, NHUHPAUWEH ,
WAUKOOPMOUWEH = came down
from, WENEHKOOHKANKOPUNNEE
= came to him, WPAUNAUP = he came
(Aupaumut)
PAWÙ, PAWÚWAUK, PUMMEH,
PAUNAUMP, WAUKOOPMAUWEH =
came down from (Sergeant)
PÁU, PÁUWÀK =he comes, NÁHA, NÁOWÈ =
come here, NÁWE, AINÁJICK = came,
NTEMÉGA = come in, PÁJAKÀK = we
arrived, KPÀ = you come, NPÀ = I come,
PAHANÀ = we come, PÁWAK = they
come, PAAN = came (Schmick)
PÁUNÁWA, N’HAPPÁU = came, NAHAPÁU,
NAHAPPÁWA, NÁHA , PNAWÒOHQ,
NÁHAPAJATEETÀ = they came ,
NOHÀPPÁJATÓTA = went ,
AINÁJIK = came, PAJÁTÀ = came,
PÁJANE, PAHN, PÁJATETA = came
PAAN, KPÀ = you come, OPANÁU =
came (Passion of Christ)
PAJANA = I came (Tschoop)
PUMMEH (Edwards)
WPIHTOWWEKAUNEEK = come out (Morse)
COMFORT (verb) KOHETOMMEHKOWWAUK = be comforted,

KUHCHETOMMEHKAUQHITTEET
= comforting (Aupaumut)

COMMANDMENT KKOHKEETWAUKUN,
(see TEACH) KKOHKEETWAUKUNNUK,
KKOHKKEETWAUKUNNUK,
KKUHKEETWAUKUNNUN =
commandments (Aupaumut)
ANNÁIWÁGAN (Passion of Christ)
COMMUNICATE, OFFER PAUTNOMMAUQUQ,

PAUTNUMMOWWAUMUK,
PAUTNUMMAUKIYUQ = offer,
PAUTONNOHKAUMAWWNAUP =
offered him to us (Aupaumut)
COMPLETE, FULL PAUQUEWEH, PAUQUHCHEWEH

(Aupaumut)
COMPREHEND SKEKHUN, SKEKHUNNEH (Aupaumut)
CONDEMN KESEEMQUITHTHEWEH,
KESEEMQUITHTHOOW = condemned,
MTOOMQUITHTHEEN,
MTUKNUMQUITHTHECHEEK =
condemn, persecute (Aupaumut)
CONDITION, STATE MTAUPAUSEEN, MTAUPAUSEET,

UNNOOQQUEHQ, UNNOOQUEHQ,
WPAUSOQUN, WTAUPAUSOOW
(Aupaumut)
CONFESS MUHMAUTWOMMAUYUQ (Aupaumut)
CONFIDENCE WAUWEETYAUNTOMWAUKUN
(Aupaumut)
CONOY (KANAWHA) NATION KUHNAUWANTHEEW (Aupaumut)
CONQUER SUHKEH, SUHKOWWAUT, THUHKEKHUK

(Aupaumut)
CONSCIENCE UHHUMMAUMQUOH, UHHUMMAUWAUK

(Aupaumut)
CONSENT NÉPPO = he consented (Passion of Christ)
CONSIDER KPINNUWWAUNTOMMOWUN = you

consider (Aupaumut)
CONTAIN, CONSIST AUNEKHUK, UNNEKHUN, UNNEEKHKUP,

UNNEKHUN, UNNEKHUNNOSUH,
NNEKHUNAUHEH, WTINHQUEH =
consists of (Aupaumut)
CONTAINED AUTENNAUKHAUTHEEK,
AUTONNAUKHAUSEEK (Aupaumut)
AUTONNAUKHAUSEEK (Sergeant)
CONTAINER, WRAPPER WEESQUOS = container for healing oil

(Foster-Clements Papers & Eddy)
CONTINUE AUNNUWWAUNMAUMKUP, NAUKAUWEH

(Aupaumut)
SCHÉPAKAJÉWE = continue, last long
(Passion of Christ)
CONVERT WQUIHGNUPPUHGTHOHAUNQUON =
converting (Morse)
KUNEPPENE = turn around (Schmick)
CONVINCE WNAUMUHHQQUQ = convince us (Aupaumut)
CORN ONUCHQUASK (Ettwein)

CHASQUEME, SEKANOME = grain, rye
(Schmick)
CORRUPT MEHETUHHAUWAUKUN = corrupt design,

NUKHPEEHKAUMKUP = corrupted,
NUKHPEHAUMKUP = corrupted,
NUKHPEHHAUMKUP = corrupted
(Aupaumut)

COUNCIL ÀTANÀHTSCH = council, courthouse, common
hall (Passion of Christ)
COUNSELLOR WOH-WEET-QUAN-PE-CHEE (Aupaumut)
COVENANT, ENGAGEMENT NAUNQUONNAUNUH,

WUHWEKOIWAUKUN (Aupaumut)
ANAGODWÁGAN (Schmick)
COVET KWEETHHKEH, KWEETHKEH (Aupaumut)
COWARD MATANSAUTEE, KMATTANISSAUTEUH =

you are a coward (Edwards)
COW KOE = from the Dutch (Schmick)
COXSACKIE, N.Y. KAUKSAUKEH (Indian Deed)

MKHOK-THOH-KY (Adams)
CREATE, MAKE KESEHHAUTUH, KESETOHHAUYUQ,

KESEHTAUNAUP = creation,
KESEHHAUCHEE = creations,
creatures, KESOTAUSEEK, KESOTUK,
WKESEKHEENNAUP = he created,
made, KESCH, KESEEKHTAUQUQ,
KESEEKHKEH = created,
KESEKHUK = created, WKESEH =
he creates,
WKESOOTMOWWAU = create,
WKESOOTMUWWAUPONNEH,
NAUTONNUKKUH,
NOTONNUHKAUTUH = works of
creation, WNEHQKHEHTIYUQ,
WNEHTAUN = he makes,
WNEHTOUWUHHUN ,
WUHWNEHUNNUHKAUMKEH
(Aupaumut)
WGESHEH, WQESHEH = he creates,
KESHÙTAWÚTUMMAUNQUAUKOOP,
KESHEHTOUWAUNOOP = created

(Sergeant)
KECETAUN = created (Jenks)
KESCHECHTÁU = it is done, made (Schmick)
CROOKED P’AUKAWAJU (Heckewelder)
CROW CONG-CONG-CÓH (Jefferson)
CRUCIFY SEPUHQTUHHAUP = crucified (Aupaumut)

SCHEPOCHQUATAHASSEEN (Schmick)
SCHEPOCHKQUETAHASEAATSCH = will
be crucified,
SCHEPÒCHQUTÀHASEET,
SCHÉPÒCHQUATÁHASEETSCH,
SCHÉPOCHQUATAHÒCHKQ,
SCHÈPOCHQ’TAHASEEN = they
crucified, SCHÈPOCHQ’TÁHÁSOAK =
crucified, SCHÉPOCHQUATAHASÉTA,
SCHÉPÓCHQ’TAHASÉTSCHEEK =
crucified, SCHÉPOCHQUETÁHASEET
= the cross,
SCHÉPOCHQUETAHASENEED = on
the cross, STACHTAHASEEK = cross
cross (Passion of Christ)
CRY, SOUND, CROW TSCHÉNUETÀ, TSCHÉNUAAK = cried

(Passion of Christ)
CUP KÁNNAN, OWÁKÀN (Passion of Christ)
CURSE WTOHWEEMWAUKUN = his curse,

WTONWEEMWAUKUN = his curse,
WTUHWEEMWAUKUN = his curse,
WTUHWEENWAUWAUKUNNUK =
his curse (Aupaumut)
CUT TMEHTUHHAUW = cut down, cut off

(Aupaumut)
DAILY MOHCHEETWAUWOHKOMMAUKEH =

daily, every day (Aupaumut)
DANCE KENTIKAW = celebratory round dance

(Sergeant)
CANTICOY (Dankers)
CANTICO = Delaware round dance
(Penn)
DARK PAUPQUUNNOIEKEH, POHKONNUK,

PUHK (Aupaumut)
PAUPQOONNOIEKEH, POHQUUNNOIEK,
POHQUUNNOIEKUH (Sergeant)
PÁCHGENICK = darkness (Schmick)
PAGÀNMECHNÁU = darkness (Passion of
Christ)
NIPAWI (Du Ponceau)
CANÓNG = darkness (Jefferson)
DAUGHTER KNECHAUN = your daughter (Aupaumut)

O’TOOSÁN (Jenks)
OTOOSAN (Du Ponceau)
ONETSCHANA (Schmick)
N’NITSCHAAN = my child (Heckewelder)
U-NI-TSCHÀ-NÜN, NACHUN (Jefferson)
DAY WOHKOMMAUK, WOHKUMAWU,

WUHKUMMAUK, WOHKUMMAUN =
days, WUHKOMMAUWEH = days,
WUHKUMMAWU = day,
KAUNWUHKUMMAUK = all day,
MAUWOHKUMMAUKEH = all day,
WAUWOHKOMMAUKEH = daily
MOHCHEETWAUWOHKOMMAUKEH
= daily, every day, TKHOQUNNEWEH =
whole days, night & day,
TKHOQUNNEWEH = days, literally
nights – Indian days were reckoned by
nights (Aupaumut)
WAUWOHKUMMAUKEH = all day,
WOHKUMMAUK, WOHKUMMAWÚ,

KWOHKUMMAUM,
KWOHKUMMAUK (Sergeant)
WACHGAMAU (Heckewelder)
WACHKAMÁO, NAJÀPPAWÈ = early in the
morning (Schmick)
WOCHKAMAAK, NONO WÀCHGAMAK =
today (Moravian Archives)
WOHKOMMAUN, TPOOHQUON = nights
(Morse)
WAUKAUMAUW, PAUTAUPON = dawn,
daybreak (Jenks)
WAWOCHCAMAKE = daily, WOÓHCAMÁO,
WOCHCAMAAK, NAJÀPPAWÈ =
daytime, QUÓAPANNACHEEN = good
day (Passion of Christ)
WANKAMÄOU, PAASHKANAWONCOMAC
(Jefferson)
WUHKAMAUK (Edwards)
DEAL (verb) UNNEHHAUNAUWUH = deal with,

UNNEHHAUNUH = deal with,
UNNEHUNNEHHAUT = deal with
(Aupaumut)
DEATH, DIE BOWAUKUN, MBAUNUH, BUQ, BAUNUH =

I die, BUKKUP = died, NUKKUP = died,
KNIP = you die,
WNUPPOWAUNAUPANNEKUH =
he died, NAUPHITTECHEH = will die,
when one dies (Aupaumut)
MBOOWAUK, MBOWAUNKUN,
MBOOWAUNKUN,
MBOOWAUNKUNNUK,
WMPPOOWAUNAUMPANNEHKUH =
he died,
WNIPPOOWAUNKUNNÚWONK,
NAUPOOWAUNAUNTOOP = died,
WAUMPOOHAUNNENAUNUH,
NNIPPOOWAUNKAUNNINNAUNK,
NNIPPOOWAUNKUNNINNAUNK,

WNIPPOOWAUNKUN,
MBOOWAUNKUNNEEK,
NAUMBOOWAUNKUNNEKEH
(Sergeant)
NBOO, NEPOO = dead, he is dead, NIP = to
die, I die (Edwards)
NÁCHAJA = death, WEEPNAMEN = die,
UDÀCHKWÈNÁCHAAN = died, gave up
the ghost, ONÈBBUÁGANICK = death,
ONÈBBUÁGAN, E’MBOÀK = he dies,
E’MBÒ = he was dead (Passion of Christ)
M’BOAGAN, MPENNAAP, MBENNAAP,
MPOU = he is dead, NPECK = he died,
ONEPPUÁGAN = his death (Schmick)
M’BOAGÁN (Heckewelder)
MBO, CONOP-H (Jefferson)
NUP = I die, NIP = to die (Barton)
NBOO or NEEPOO = he is dead (Long)
ONÈBBUÁGAN (Passion of Christ)
DECREE, RULE EMUK, EMEK, MAUK,

MAUKHAUNMOOQTHECHEH =
decreed, MAUKKUP = decreed
(Aupaumut)
DEER ACHTÓHU, ACHTÒH (Schmick)

ACHTOT (Ettwein)
ATTOOH (Metoxen)
HA-TÀGH (Jefferson)
DEFEND AUYEHKAUNQUQ (Aupaumut)
DELAWARE (UNAMI) NATION WENAUMEEW, WENOHTOKOWUK

(Aupaumut)
DELIVER HTOUWENAUNUH = deliver us,

HTOUWEAUK, HTOUWUH,
HTOQWENAUNUH (Sergeant)
DACHTAWANÀ = delivered (Passion of Christ)

DENY KPUTHWOMMAUNAUNAUNUH (Aupaumut)
KWÀWEHEWÙN, WÀWEHONO (Passion of
Christ)
DESCEND NEKHOKHAUTUP = descended,

OWWAUNMAUNAUNAUP =
descended from (Aupaumut)
DESCENDANTS WTOHPIHHAUNWOH = their line (of

descendants) (Morse)
DESERVE TAUPEH, TAUPEEH, TAUPEHTKHEH,

TOHTAUPEH = deserving, worthy,
NDAUPEH = deserve, TAUTPEHHAUN
= deserve (Aupaumut)
TAUPEH, TAUPEN, KTAUPEH, NDAUPEH =
deserve (Sergeant)
OPÈNHAMMEN, PNÁMÈN, P’NÀCHMÈN =
deserve, is worthy of (Passion of Christ)
N’PENHÁMMEN = I earn, OPENHÁMMEN =
he earns (Schmick)
DESIRE UHHAUYOUNQUOHK = to be desired

(Aupaumut)
DESPAIR NAUWAUNTOMMOOQ (Aupaumut)
DESTROY NAUNOKEHNAUK , NTAUN = I destroy

(see KILL) (Aupaumut)
DESTRUCTION, DEATH BOOWAUKONNUK, BOWAUKUN

(Aupaumut)
DEVIL, EVIL, HELL MTONTOOW, MONNATTOW,

MTOOWNOOW, MTUNTOWUK =
devils, MUMUTTEEHK,
MTANTOWENAUK = hell,
ATLANTOW = evil spirit, probably
a misspelling (Aupaumut)
MTANTO, MTANTOISENAUK,

MTANTOWENAUK = hell (Sergeant)
MTANTO, MÚTAUNTUMMUN (Passion of
Christ)
MANNITO, MTANDOU (Edwards)
MTANDOU (Long)
MANNITTO, MACTADÓ, M’EHI
(Heckewelder)
MACHTANDO (Schmick)
DIFFERENT PEENWEH (Sergeant)

PANNEWE (Passion of Christ)
DIFFULT SIGUKKOIYOOQ = be difficult, hard

(Aupaumut)
DILIGENT NUHNOPNAUWCWEH = diligence,

NUHNOPNAUWEWEH (Aupaumut)
NAHNIPPENAU = he is industrious (Schmick)
DIRECT, RULE KAUKOHKHOMMAUYUQ,

KAUKUHKAUPTOMNEET,
KAUKUHKHUMMAUQUUQ =
you rule us (Aupaumut)
DIRTY NTHIKOI (Aupaumut)
DISCIPLE KAUKOHKEMAUCHEE = disciples

(Aupaumut)
OTÁWAHSMÀ, OTÁWATOM = disciples
(Passion of Christ)
DIVIDED M’GHNAUNNOIKEEH T’GHEGHAN =

is divided into (Jenks)
DO ANNUNNUHKAUNUH, ANNOIQUWUN,
ANNUHKAUKEECH,
ANNUNNUHKIYENAUK,
ANNOUWUHHAUSEYUNNUH,
UNNUNNOHKIYUQ = perform, do,
UNNUNNUHKAUN = doings, deeds,

UNNUNNUHKAUNAUSUH = perform,
do, UNNUNNUHKIYUK = perform, do,
UNNUNNUHKUHHUN = perform, do,
UNNUNUHKAUN = doings, deeds,
AUNETUHHAUYUN, OINOOTMAUQ =
did, OINUNKIYUH = behavior,
OINOIEHIHTEET, OINOIEMUKKEH,
OINOWUHTETUP, DINNEH, TANNEH,
TONNEH, TUNNEH, NDINNEH =
I do, NDINNUHHAUNKAUN = I
must do, WTENNEH = he does,
WTINNEH = he does, his doing,
TENNEH = makes, WTENAUM = did,
WTENHQUEH = he does,
WTENMUQ = did, WTENNEH = he
does, WTENNAUNTOMMON = did,
WTONNEECH = do, WTONNON =
make, work, WTUQQUEH = do,
WUNNUHKAUNAUP = do, perform,
NDINNOIEN = I do, NDINNEH = I do,
NDINNOIYUWUN, NDINNEECH,
WTENHQUEH = he does, KTENNEH,
DITTANNEH, KTENNEMMAUNEN
= do, make, KTINNEH ,
KTINNEHHAWU = you do,
KTINNEHKAWUTHEH = you do,
KTINNEHHOQ = does for you,
KTINNENOUWUHHAUWEH = you
have done, KTITTANNEH = does
KTONNEECH, KTENNOIEN,
KTONNAWUSENAUNUH = do,
practice, NEHTONNEH = that does,
makes, NETONNEH, NOTHOOHKUK =
do, NOTHOOHKUMMON,
NOTHOOHKUMMOOQ,
NOTHOTHKAUTHEEK = doing,
NUKTANNEH = does , NUNCHDINEH =
we do, NUNKUH = did, WNITTUH = he
did (Aupaumut)
KTINNEH, NDINNOIN = I do, NDINNEECH,

NDINNOIYUWUN, NOTITTANNEH,
NDINNAHTANNAUNUH,
NDINOIENAUNAUN, TANNEH,
ANNOWUHWAUNAUNUH,
ANNUNNUHKIUKQUUH,
ANNUNNUHKAUNUH,
ANNEHHOQUUN, ANNEHHOQ = do
for me, KTINNEHHOQ = do for you,
NDÍTTANNEH, ANNUNNUHKAUNUH,
ANNUNNUHKIUKQUUH,
KTINNENOUWUHHAUWEH = you
have done,
ANNOUWUHHAUSEYUNNUH,
KTINNETOHHAUK = will do,
ANNUNUHKAUSUH, KTINNOIEN,
KTINKONOQ, ANNOIYUWUN,
OINOIEMUKKEH, OINOIHIHTEET,
ANNOIYUWEH,
NDINNUNNUHKAUNUH = I must do
(Sergeant)
ANNANNAHKAUN, ANANNAHHAUN =
deeds (Edwards)
(NEYUH) DINNAUKOMUH = close of a
letter (I do this?)
ANÈHÓQUANEP = he has done it, TANE =
assemble, bring forth (Schmick)
ODETTANÈ, ANANACHKÁJA,
AINÉHONÀHK = done,
KTÈNNANÀCHKANÁWA = you must
do, AINÈHONÁHKQ = done to you,
AINANNÁCHKATEET = they do,
UDÉTTAN, UDÈTTANÈ = did, UDENNÈ
= does, UDENNÁWA = did, DENÉHA,
NDENNÈ = I do, NACHKÁU = done
(Passion of Christ)
WTINIH (Morse)
DOG DEYAUK = to the dogs (Aupaumut)

DIAO, DEE-A-OO, DE-A-00 (Barton)
NDIAU, NDIÁNU (Schmick)

N’DIJÁU (Heckewelder )
DOOR, GATE KHOK (Aupaumut)

SQUÁTA (Passion of Christ)
QUANTAH (Tschoop)
DRINK MNOOHHUHTEEQ (Aupaumut)

MÉNNÀHN, MENNÁTA = drank,
AMMENOHANAHN (Schmick)
MNOOHHAUWAUNKUN (Sergeant)
MENNÁTA = drank, OGETÁMNAWA = they
drink, AMENÓHANAHN (Passion of
Christ)
DROPS (noun) TECHKEÉKQ (Passion of Christ)
DRY PAQUA, PAQUÁN (Heckewelder)
DUCK QUA-CHA-MÓ (Jefferson)
DUTY NAUTOOTMAUTEEMKEH,
(see REQUIRE) NAUTOOTMAUKIYUQQUEH =
duties, NAUTOOTMOWWAUT =
require, KNOTTOOTMAUKONUH,
NOAUNNUHKIYUK = my duty,
AUNUNNUHKIUH (Aupaumut)
AUNUNNUHKUHAUKEH,
AUNUNNUHKIUKQ,
NOAUNUNNUHKIUH = my duty,
NOAUNNUNNUHKIYUK = my duty,
ANNUNNUHKAUNUH,
ANNUNNUHKIUKQUUH,
AUNUNNUHKAUMKEH (Sergeant)
EAGLE MIGISSO (Metoxen)
EAR TOWOHQUE (Edwards, Long & Barton)

TAWAK, WACH-T[AWAK] (Jefferson)
WACHTAUWAK (Heckewelder)
NACHTEWAKU = my ear (Ettwein)

EARNESTLY PÉWE (Passion of Christ)
EARTH, LAND HKEEK, HKEEY, KKEEK = your land,

KHUHKOKE, NOOHKEEK =
earthly (Aupaumut)
HKEEK, HKEI (Sergeant)
AHKEEK, ÁHHKEEK, AHHKI (Passion of
Christ)
AKKEE (Metoxen & Heckewelder)
AKÉK, A-KI-Y (Jefferson)
ACHGÌ (Heckewlder)
KEEYH (Jenks)
AHHKI (Schmick)
HACKÍ, HACKKEEH (Barton)
HKEY (Edwards)
HKEYEKE (Morse)
EAST WAUPUNNUHKEUK = people of the

morning [east], Mohicans,
WOPUNNUHKEH = eastern tribes
(Aupaumut)
WAPANAK (Heckewelder)
WAPANAAK (Schmick)
WAMPUNAHKEE = eastern tribes,
WAUMPANNUKHHENAUK (Sergeant)
EAT MECHEHTEET, MECHEYON,

MEHMEECHEMUK,
IYONHEEWMECHEHTEEQ =
they eat (Aupaumut)
MEETSOO = he eats, KMEETSEH = you eat,
MEETSEH = eat thou, NMEETSEH,
NEMEETSEH = I eat, NMEETSEHNUH
= we eat (Edwards)
MEZETA = during eating (Schmick)
MEZOWAGAN = eatables (Ettwein)
MEZÉAHKQ, MÉZENÁNÀ, METSCHÉKQ,
MÉZEECHTEET, MEZEECHTETA,
MEZÈTA, WÈCHPEMÀHN (Passion of

Christ) – the Z here is German
MAWEPIA (Moravian Archives)
EFFECTUAL AUMUMMOQUOHK,
AUMUMMOOQQUOHK,
UHWAUPAUWOKHHAUK,
UHWAUPAUWOKHAUK,
UHWAUPAUWOKHAUW,
UHWAUPAUWEET = strong,
effectual (Aupaumut)
EGG WAUGH-WHÁN (Jefferson)
EIGHT KHAUSOOW (Aupaumut)

GHUSOOH (Edwards & Jenks)
GHASOOK (Du Ponceau)
CHAÀ-SCHU, HAN-SHÓ (Jefferson)
ELDEST WAWÈCHTAATSCHEEK (Schmick &

Passion of Christ)
ELECT, ADOPT, RECEIVE NOOTNAUCHEE = elect, NOOTNAUP =

elected, adopted, NOOTNAUSEEK =
adopt, receive, NOOTNAUYUQ =
adopt, receive, acknowledge,
NOOTNITWAUKUN = adoption,
election, NOOTNITWAUKUNNUK =
adoption, NOOTNOOQSECHEEK =
elect (Aupaumut)
ELEVEN NGUTT TANKAU (Jenks)

NGÙT-TA-NKAU, N-CO-TAH- NA-CAUGH
(Jefferson)
NCOTAHNACAUGH (Schmick)
ELSE PONNOWOITON = something else

(Aupaumut)
PANNEWEH (Sergeant)
PANNEWE = something else (Tschoop &
Schmick)

EMBRACE KCHEKAWUKUNKONUH (Aupaumut)
EMPEROR KAYSERAK = emperor, Kaiser (Passion of

Christ)
EMPTY ANACHAJÚ (Heckewelder)

ANACHÁJU (Schmick)
ENABLE UNNEHHOQUQ = enable us,

UNNEHHOOQQUEEK = enabled
(Aupaumut)
ENCOURAGE NKAUNNOWWAUTWAUKUN =
encouragement,
NKAUNNOWWAUMKIYUQ =
encouraged (Aupaumut)
END, GOAL UNNOWWAUNMAUMUK = end, goal, aim,

UNNOWWAUNMAWU = end, goal,
aim, UTHQUAUKHUK = last, end
(Aupaumut)
WIHQUEKHUK = the end (Morse)
END OF THE WORLD UHQKEYEKUH (Aupaumut)
ENEMY, HATRED SEKENAUQKEE = enemies, hated ones,

SEKENAUQQUEEK = enemies,
SEKENAUQUAUNEEK = enemies,
haters, WSEKENUMMUN = he hates,
SEKENUK = hatred (Aupaumut)
SHEKENUMMUNNEH,
SHEKENUMMOOWAUK,
SHEKENUMMAUK,
SHEKENAUNTUWAUNKUN,
SHEKENOUWAUMKEEK (Sergeant)
SEKEENUNDOWUKON = hatred (Edwards)
SCHEGENAQUAK = they hate us (Schmick)
ENJOY WAUWAUWEKEHNAUYUQ,

WAUWUWWEKIHNAUYUQ,
WAUWUMWEKIHNAUT,
WAUWOWWEKEHNUHTEET =
enjoyment (Aupaumut)
WAUWOUWEKEMUH (Sergeant)
ENLIGHTEN KOWAUTHNAUN,
KWAUSNAUNMAUQUNNAUNAUN,
KWAUTHNAUNEKUNNOWAUN =
your light, WAUTHNAUNEKUN =
light, WAUTHOIYEK = light,
WAUTHEKEEW (Aupaumut)
WAUTHAUJOUW = light (Jenks)
WASAIK (Schmick)
WAUNSAEEK = light (Barton)
ENOUGH TÁPE (Passion of Christ)
ENTER DEMMEKAUQ, WNUTMEK = he enters,

MEHTAUN, TOMMEKAUWNAUWUH
(Aupaumut)
NTEMEGAU = he goes in (Schmick)
ENVY EETHKOWWAUNAUN,
EATHKOWWAUWETCHHAUN
(Aupaumut)
ESGAWANAU = he is envious (Schmick)
ERROR WPONNONNUHKAUWAUCONNUN = his

errors (Morse)
ESCAPE PONNEHNAUYUQ, POOTOMMOOQ,

POTOMMEHTEET (Aupaumut)
ESPECIALLY, MAINLY NHAUN, PAUPUHCHEWEH,

PAUPOHCHEWEH = special (Aupaumut)
PAUPOHCHOOHKAUN (Sergeant)
ETERNAL STOH EYUHQUAUYOOQ = eternal, not

stopping , STOH EYUHQUAUYOQUEH
= not stopping, STUH
EYUHQUAUYOWEH = not stopping
(Aupaumut)
EUROPEAN,
WHITE PEOPLE CHUCKOPEK (Aupaumut)
CHOHKOOSUK (Sergeant)
CHOCHECHOKE SEEPOOTO =
Larrywaug (or White Man’s) Brook in
Stockbridge, Mass. (Stockbridge
Proprietors Book)
EVENING KONAHKWANE = good evening (Morse)

KONEKAWE = have you slept well? (Schmick)
ONAQUEGA (Ettwein & Schmick)
KÓNACHEEN = good evening, TAPPACHÉTA
= evening, WÁNAQUEEK (Passion of
Christ)
EVERY NAUNQUOTTEWEH (Aupaumut)
EVERYONE MAUWEHAWWAUN, MAUWEHNEEK

(Aupaumut)
EVIL, DIFFICULTY THOIKUHK, ATLANTOW = evil spirit,

possibly a misspelling of ATTTANTOW
(Aupaumut)
EXAMPLE KKOHKHAUSEET (Aupaumut)

(see COMMANDMENT) T’PETTÀWAOWÁGÀN (Passion of Christ)
EXECUTE AN OFFICE TAUTPUNNUHKAUSUH,

TAUTPONNUHKAUP = executed an
office (Aupaumut)
EXERCISE (verb) UNNONNUHKAUTHUH,

UNNONNUHKAUNAUSUH =
exercise the office of (Aupaumut)

EYE KKUSKOKE, KHUSKOOQ,
KTHEECHKOKE, NKEESQUON =
my eyes (Aupaumut)
HKEESQUE, UKEESQUAN = his eyes
(Edwards)
KEESQ, KHEESQUAN, KISCOUANN = their
eyes, UKEESQUAN = eyes (Du Ponceau)
UKEESQUAN = eyes, HKEESQUE (Long)
IIKEESQUE (Barton)
WUSKITSCHÚK (Heckewelder)
WUSKÈTSCHUK, WHA-KISHCUH,
WHA-KAISHKUH (Jefferson)
SKETSHOK = eye & face (Ettwein)
SKETSCHQUAN, N’SKETSCHOK =
my eye, my face (Schmick)
USKÈTKEETSCHKAK, WÁHPEEN (Passion
of Christ)
USKETSCHQUÀN = your eyes (Moravian
Archives)
FACE TSHANEQUAN (Ettwein)

TSCHANÈQUÁU, OSKETSCHKOOK = in his
face (Schmick)
NAKÀISHKUH (Jefferson)
USKÈTKEETSCHKAK , USKEETSCHKAK,
OSKÉTSCHOOK (Passion of Christ)
FAITH, BELIEF NUHKAUWTHOWAUKONNEH = my faith,

(see BELIEVE) WNISTOMMAUWAUKUNNUK,
WNISTOWEWAUQUOH = believe,
WNITHTOMMAUWAUKUN = faith,
WNITHTOMMAUWAUKUNNUK =
faith, obedience,
WNITHTOMMAUWEWCH ,
WNITHTUKNEH = he believes,
WNITHTUMMUK = believe,
WNITHTUWWAWTUK = believe
(Aupaumut)
WNISTUMMAUK (Sergeant)

OHNSITTAMMEN = he believes (Schmick)
FALL KEPEHNAUMKUP, KEPEHNAUPONNEEK,

KEPEHNAUWAUKUN, KEPEHNAUT =
fell, KEPENAUW = fell,
KEPENAUWEH,
KEPUHHAUNQUEHTETUP,
KEPUHHANNKOOTHHUNNEEK
(Aupaumut)
KEPEHHAUWUNNAUWUH (Sergeant)
PAKATAHENNÀHN = fell, PÁCHAN = fall,
M’SCHÀCHKAAK (Passion of Christ)
FALSE ACHKENANAWAGAN = a lie (Heckewelder)

GAGGANANAWÈHH = lie (Schmick)
WUH-WEE-MON-OW-KUH-KNAHT = this
false man (Adams)
FAR WACHNEMÍIK (Heckewelder)

WACHMÙK (Schmick)
FAT, OIL, GREASE P’MÍ (Heckewelder)

P’MÈH, P’OMI (Schmick)
CO-A-SÍGH (Jefferson)
FATHER OKHEN, OKHUN, OOKHWAUK,

WAUTOGHHEMUK = his father,
KOKH, KOOKHWAH = your father,
NOKNUH = my father, OOKHWAUK,
NOTOOKHKEEN = my father
(Aupaumut)
NOKHHUNNUH = my father (Sergeant)
WATOCHEMÚK (Heckewelder)
KOOCH, KOCHA = your father (Schmick)
KOGH = thy father, NOGH = my father (Edwards)
NÖH = my father (Metoxen)
NOOCH, NO-OGH (Jefferson)
NOOCH, ÓCHAN (Passion of Christ)
GOK (Etwein)
O’GHÁN (Jenks)

FEAR QUAUKHOON, QUUKHHAUWUNNUH,
NQUAUKHETOMMON = I fear,
NGWUKHHAUWAUM = fear him
KQUOKHKHOON, QUUTUMMUN =
afraid (Aupaumut)
NGWUKNHAUWAUM = fear him,
QUÚKHAUWUNNUH, QUÚTUMMUN,
QUUKHHOONNAUNUH (Sergeant)
QKHAUN (Morse)
WISHASUAGÁN (Heckewelder)
N’WÉSCHASÈ = I am afraid, WESCHASÒ =
he is afraid, KWACHAAN (Schmick)
ZEZAJAKI – the Z’s are German additions
(Passion of Christ)
FEELING AJAMATTAMOWAK (Tschoop)

AMATTAMEN = feel, AMÁTTAMÈN =
he feels (Schmick)
TAMMATAM = to feel (Moravian Archives)
FETCH, GET PAUTOH (Long & Edwards)
FEW KAUKHOSOOWKAUCH (Aupaumut)
FIGHT (see WAR) OIOTEET = he who fights (Aupaumut &

Edwards)
NDIOTUWAUCH = I shall fight,
NDIOTUWOH = I fight (Edwards)
FILL KETHPONAUK (Aupaumut)

N’OHÀÁU = filled (Passion of Christ)
FIND KMUSKOMMUNNAUWUH = you find

(Aupaumut)
KMACHGAMMEN = you found,
MACHGÁMMEN, MÁCHCAMEN,
N’MÁCHGAM = I find (Schmick)
MACHCÀMOWÙN, MACHKAMOWÙN
(Passion of Christ)

FINGER NTANNAHÉGAN (Schmick)
CA-TISH-QUONE-JÀN (Jefferson)
FINGERNAIL CA-CASHIÁC (Jefferson)
FINISH KESUNNUHKIYAU (Aupaumut)

ÁNACHKAHN = finished (Passion of Christ)
FIRE STAUK, ETHAUK (Aupaumut)

STAUK (Sergeant)
STAAK, STAU (Schmick)
STAAK (Passion of Christ)
STAU (Heckewelder)
STAUW, STAUUH (Barton)
STAUW (Long & Edwards)
STAOU (Jefferson & Du Ponceau)
THTOUW (Jenks)
FIREWOOD MACHTACHEN (Ettwein & Heckewelder)
FIRST SAUPEKHUK, SAUPEHHUK = preface,

SAUPEKHEEKPONNEEK,
SAUPEWEH, SAUPEEW, KNEECH,
SAUPENUHHSAUNUH (Aupaumut)
KENNEECH = openly (Sergeant)
FISH NOMMAUTH (Aupaumut)

NAMAES (Ettwein)
NAMAAS (Heckewelder & Schmick)
NAMAÁS (Jefferson)
NAMASE, NAMASS (Barton)
CHEECKKEKANAGH = fishing place
(Annanekenick)
FIVE NAUNONNUKHEEMQUOHK,
NAUNONNUKKEEMQUOHK
(Aupaumut)
NUNON (Edwards & Jenks)

NANANÉ, NÁNAN (Schmick)
NA-NÀN, NO-NUN (Jefferson)
FLATTER WAUNAUMUHHOOQHITTEET = flattering,

convincing (Aupaumut)
FLEE NOCHPACHNAAK = fled (Passion of Christ)
FLOOD (verb) PAUTKHUKKUH, PAUTTUHQUAUKHKUH

(Aupaumut)
FLOUR, MEAL NOCHKÁO (Büttner)

NOCHGAU (Ettwein)
NOCHKAU (Schmick)
FLOURISH NGUMMAUWEH (Sergeant)
FLOW FROM WAUCHOIKEH (Aupaumut)
FLOW OUT SOKAHANÁU = flowed out (Passion of Christ)
FOG AUWUN (Metoxin)

AWANNU (Ettwein)
AUWAN (Heckewelder)
FOLLOW WOSOCHGAWÀ = I follow (Schmick)

WAWÉSCHASÒ (Passion of Christ)
FOOD MUNTQUOKHUN (Aupaumut)

MEZOWAGAN (Ettwein & Schmick)
MEETSOOWAUNKUN (Sergeant)
FOOT NEEZEET = my foot (Du Ponceau)

NSEED = my foot, OSÉTAN, OSEDAN =
his feet (Schmick)
OSÉDAN, OSÉTOWAHN, OSÈDICK = feet ,
NSEDÀN = my feet, WOSÈTOWÀHN =
feet (Passion of Christ)
OSÈTAN = feet (Moravian Archives)
WTHETON = his feet (Barton)

USSÜTÍN, USÜTIN (Heckewelder)
CA-CA-HAUNT (Jefferson)
FORBID KAUNHAMMAUQUUH = forbidden,

KAUNHUMMOWWAUMKUP =
forbidden fruit, KNOHMAUTEEN,
KNUHMAUTEEN = forbidden
KNUHMUWWAUP = forbade
KNUHONAUTEEN (Aupaumut)
KAUNHAMMAUQUUH = forbidden
(Sergeant)
FOREHEAD NAWACHGANNAWÁ (Heckewelder)
FOREVER HANNUMMEMEH, HUNNAUMEWEH,

HONMEWEH (Aupaumut)
HANNUMMEWEH, HANNUWEWEH,
HANNUMEWEH (Sergeant)
HANWEEWEH (Edwards)
GOMAWE (Tschoop)
ONEEMWAUCONNUN = enduring forever
(Morse)
FORGET WONNUTHWAUNOWON (Aupaumut)

WANNISSEWE (Schmick)
FORGIVE KTOHQUAUTUMMAUKQ = you are

forgiven, KTOHQUAUTUMMAUQ =
be saved, forgiven,
UHQUAUTOMMAUQUQ = forgive us,
pardon us,
UHQUAUTOMMOWWAUYUQ,
UHQUAUTOMMOWWENAUNUH,
UHQUAUTOWMOWWAUYAUK,
NDOHQUAUNTUMAUQ = forgive me,
OHQUAUTUMMOUWEH = forgive me
(Aupaumut)
KTOHQUAUNTUMMAUNQ,
KTOHHOHQUAUNTUMMOUWUH,
NDOHQUAUNTUMONAUKQ,

NDOHQUAUNTUMMAUKQ,
OHQUAUNTUMMOUWEH = forgive
me,
OHQUAUNTUMMOUWENAUNUH,
OHQUANTUMMOWENAUNUH
(Sergeant)
OSÀTAMMÀWATOWÁGÀN = remission,
ÓSATAMMAWÀ = forgive
(Passion of Christ)
OHQUUTAMOUWENAUNUH = forgive us,
OHQUUTAMOUWOIEAUK (Edwards)
ACHQUANDAM = forgiveness,
OSATAMMAWE = forgive me (Moravian
Archives)
FORSAKE OZÁNIÀN – the Z is incorrect (Passion of

Christ & Schmick)
FOUR NAWUHKEEMQUOHK, NAUWON

(Aupaumut)
NAUWOH (Edwards, Jenks, & Du Ponceau)
NÁWA, NAWÈ (Schmick)
NA-WÀH, NA-WÁGH (Jefferson)
FOX WAUGOOSUS = diminutive (Metoxen)

WANK-SWISS (Jefferson)
FOX NATION MISQUUHKEEW (Aupaumut)
FREE, FREEDOM NEHNEKHUK, OUNAUKHEMEYUH = set

free, NOHNPEHTEET = freedom, will
(Aupaumut)
PÓNAJANÀ, PÓNENÀ = set free,
POONANÀHTSCH = release, let loose,
KPONÉOHOMMÀ = set free,
KPÒNENANAWÀ (Passion of Christ)
PAMOWAANKOOP = he has set me free,
KPAMOWAANKONAAP = set you free
(Schmick)

FRIEND NDINNAUKOMAWU = my friend (Aupaumut)
NDINNAUNKÓMAWÙ = my friend (Sergeant)
TENNANGOMA (Schmick)
TENNAGÓMAWÈ (Passion of Christ)
FROG CH-QUÁN, TSQUAN (Jefferson)
FROM (see BECAUSE) OCHEH, ONEH, QUEH, WCHOIYU,

WCHOIYOW = is from, WOCHEH,
WOOCHEH, WCHOOWTAUK
(Aupaumut)
OCHEH (Edwards)
WCHOIYU, WAUCHEH, WOOCHEH
(Sergeant)
OTSCHE, UTSCHÁJAK (Schmick)
ÓTSCHE, UTSCHÁI, OÀHK (Passion of Christ)
FROST TAQUÁTTÈN = it is frozen (Ettwein)

TAQUAHTÙN (Jefferson)
FRUIT KAUNOMMEEK, KAUNNUMMEG,

NKUMMEWEH = bear fruit,
KNOMMEWEH = bear fruit,
WAUKUNNOWAUK = good fruit
(Aupaumut)
KAUNUMMOOKQUAUK (Sergeant)
FULFILL TAUQUEHKUMMONNUH (Aupaumut)
FULL WUTSCHUWACHTAU (Heckewelder)

OTSCHÒWACHTÁU (Schmick)
FURTHER NÒCHPAWESCHEÁU = a little further

(Passion of Christ)
GALL WEESSI (Passion of Christ)
GARDEN WÁWEÒCHKÉKANICK = in the garden,

WÁWOJECHKÉKANICK (Passion of
Christ)

GATHER MAUNNAUQUEMEH (Aupaumut)
KMAJÀWÉWAK = they assembled,
KMÀJAWENÁWA = meet, assemble,
MAJÁWENAWÀ = they came
together (Passion of Christ)
MAJAWANÁWA, MACHTÁCHANA
(Schmick)
GENERATIONS MUHTAUTOMMOWAUKUNNUK
(Aupaumut)
GHOST JSHEEPY (Metoxen)

(see SPIRIT)
GIFT MUHMAUKUK (Aupaumut)
GIRL PEENSCHQUASO (Heckewelder &

Du Ponceau)
PEENCHKQUÁSO (Heckewelder)
PEESQUASOO (Edwards, Long, & Barton)
KPEESQUASOOEH = you are a girl (Edwards)
PEESQUAHTHUH (Jenks)
PAISHWASÉ, PAISH-WASÒ,
KI-KOCH-QUÀU (Jefferson)
KÉKACHQUÁU (Passion of Christ &
Schmick)
GIVE MEENQUN, MEENAUT, MEENQUQ,

MEENNAUMUK, NMAUKENNUH =
I give away, surrender, KMEENKONUH,
KMENAUNAUNUH,
KMEENKAUWAUCH = be given,
MENENAUNUH = give us,
KHUMMUHHUN = you give to me,
MENAUMAUQ = give us,
MENAUWUH = give to them,
MENEET = give, grant,
MENENAUNUH = give us (Aupaumut)
MENAUNUH, MMNÒNEWEH, MENUH,

MENE, MENOIAUK, MENENAUNUH =
give us, MNÓNEWEH,
NMENAUNAUNAUN,
MEENQUAUKOOP (Sergeant)
MÉNENANÀ = give us, GEMÉNAN = I give
(Moravian Archives)
MENATAU (Tschoop)
MEENUH = give it to him (Edwards & Long)
MENENAUNUH (Edwards)
MÉNE = give me, MÉNA = he gives,
KMENEEN = give it to me,
OMÉNAHN = he gave it (Schmick)
MATÀ = gave, KMEENNOCHMÀ = I have
given you, MÉNENÀHKQ = gave you,
OMÈNAWÀHN = gave,
OMENNANÁWA = gave them,
OMÉNÀNAWÀHN = give out, let it be
known, SCHAJÀCHKSOÀK = give way,
get out of the way, CHAMMANÁU
(Passion of Christ)
GLAD WAUWNUHTAUNUMMEMAUQ = be glad

(Aupaumut)
WAUWOONNUHTAUNUMMEQUK,
WAUWOONNOHTAUNUMMÙWA
(Sergeant)
WAWUNECHNAU = I am glad (Tschoop)
NTANNAMENE = I am glad,
ANAMMENACHTEET = they are glad
(Schmick)
GLORIFY WAUWOHWEKEMAUYUQ,
WUHWEKEMUHTUT (Aupaumut)
WAUWOHWEKEH (Sergeant)
GLORY WEEKCHAUNAUQSOWAUKUNNOWUH,
WEEKEHAUNAUNAUQSOWAUKUN,
WEEKCHAUNAUQUOHK = glorious,

WOWWEKEHNAUWAUKUNNUK,
WOWWEKEHUOUWAUKUN
(Aupaumut)
GO DAUN, NEHWTAUAUTHAUT = go in,

PKOCHCHIH = gone out,
PKUHCHIHWONMONHOOQ =
gone too far astray, WMOUWEH = he
goes to do something (Aupaumut)
WMOUWEH = he goes (Sergeant)
P’MISSOJA = go out, travel (Moravian
Archives)
ODÀNAWÀ = went, OTÀNAWA = went out,
NÁHAMBÀ = I will go, NÁHANNE =
went, ANIMSOÀK = he went,
ANIMSETOOK = go, ANÌMSETSCHÈ =
they went, ANÀPAMÙCHKANOOK = let
them go, PAQUÁOCHANAWÁH = went
out, PAQUÁOCHAAN,
PAQUÁUCHAAN, PAQUÁOCHÀ = he
went out, PAQUÁOCHANNÀ = led out,
KNÈPAQÙAOCHCHÁU = he went out,
TE’MÓCHAAK = went home, returned,
ANÌMSENÁWA = went away
(Passion of Christ)
PUMISSOO = he goes (Long)
POMSÈ = I am going, PÒMISSÓOKAAT = he
is going, PANNÉWÀ = go on, MAUWE,
PAQUÁUCHAAN = he went out,
MATSCHÈ = go home (Schmick)
WOHWOK = his going forth (Morse)
GOD (see PRAYER) POHTOMMOUWAUS, POHTOMMAUWAUS,

KPOHTOMMOWWAUS = thy God,
KPOHTOMMOWWAUSNUH = thy God,
POHTOMMOUWAUSUK,
POHTOMMOWWAUTH,
POHTOMMUWWAUS,
POHTOMMUWWAUTH,
POHTUMMOUWAUS,

WPOHTOMMAUWAUSTHEHHUN =
gods, WPOHTOMMAUWAUSYUQ =
to be our God,
WPOHTOMMOWWAUSENAUNUH =
being God (Aupaumut)
POHTUMMOUWAUS,
POHTUMMOUWAUSUN,
POHTUMMOUWAUSUK,
POHTUMNAUWAUS (Sergeant)
PACHTAMAWAASNAN, PACHTAMÁUS,
PACHTAMÁUSSE,
PACHTAMAWUAS,
PACHTAMAWAAS,
PACHTAMAUSPAU,
PACHTAMÁUSNAU
(Passion of Christ)
PACHTAMÁUSNAU (Moravian Archives)
PUHTAMOUWUNS (Edwards)
POHTOMNOWWAUS (Morse)
PACHTAMÁWAAS (Schmick)
PACHTAMAUWÂS (Heckewelder)
PACHTUMAWAS (Ettwein)
PAUTAUMOUWOTH (Jenks)
POTTAMAUWOOS (Barton)
GOLD KHOWWOT(Morse)
GONE AUWUH (Aupaumut & Sergeant)

AWU = he has gone (Schmick)
GOOD WAUNEHK, WAUNEH, WAUNNEEN,

WAUNCH, ONEIWAUKUN =
goodness, righteousness, WAUWNEH,
WAUWUNWOMQUIKEE = good
things, WAWNAUNTOMWAUKUNNUK
= goodness, grace,
WOHWNAUPAUMQUOHKEH = good
things, WAUNTHUT MENNITOOW =
Great and Good Spirit (Aupaumut)
WAUNEHK, WAUNOIEUN, WAUWOONNEH

(Sergeant)
WÁUNAIKEEK = good, righteous, saints
(Passion of Christ)
WOONUT = inanimate, WUHWEEHIH =
animate (Metoxen)
WANECHK (Tschoop)
WÁNECHK, WEGAN (Schmick)
WAWUNAP (Moravian Archives)
WOWHNIHK (Morse)
WUNÉTT, WUNITT (Heckewelder)
WAUNSQUAU = a good woman, name
given to Sergeant’s daughter, Harriet
(Sergeant)
WAH-WE-KEE NEE-MON-NAOW = good
man, WAH-WUH-NUH-MAHT = this
true man (Adams)
GOOSE PÚNK-ACHÓ-WAMP-A-SÒ = wild goose

(Jefferson)
GRANDCHILD NAUGHEES = my grandchild (Edwards & Long)
GRANDFATHER MÁHGHOMÁN (Jenks)

MACHOM (Ettwein)
MACHUM (Van Valkenburgh)
NEMOGHOME = my grandfather (Edwards)
NEMOGHHOME = my grandfather (Long)
GRANDMOTHER NOHÀM (Schmick)

NOHHUM = my grandmother (Edwards & Long)
ÓHMÁN (Jenks)
GRASS MESACHQUAN (Heckewelder)

MEECHSQUAN (Schmick)
GRAVES MTUHKEYEHKOOK (Aupaumut)

MATÀCHKIÀN, MATTÀKÍ, MATÀKEEK
(Passion of Christ)

GREAT AND GOOD SPIRIT WAUNTHUT MENNITOOW (Aupaumut)
GREEN SKUS-KWAU-YOOH = animate,

UTH-KUTH-TWAU-YUK = inanimate
(Metoxen)
SKASQUAJÚ (Heckewelder)
SCAS-QUAYÓ (Jefferson)
GREENBUSH, N.Y. TUSCAMEATICK (O’Callaghan)
GREETINGS QUAUWAUNKNOMNOOHNUH,
QUAUWAUNKÓMNOOHNUH,
QUAUWAUNKOOMNOOHNUH,
QUAUWAUNKNOMNOOHNUH,
QUAUWAUNTUM (Sergeant)
QUAWAGÓMEN = I greet you with my
regards (Schmick)
QUAWAKOMEN, QUAWANKOMUK,
QUAWAGOMNOCHMA = I send my
regards (Moravian Archives)
GRIEF SEWAUNTUK, SEWAUNTOMMON =

grieving (Aupaumut)
SHEWAUNTUMMAUK,
SHEWAUNTUKKEK,
THEWAUNTUMNUHWAUNKUN
(Sergeant)
SCHÉWAHNDAMMAKNÈN = grieve
(Passion of Christ)
GROWTH AUCHEKEHTEET (Aupaumut)

ANAMEGOCK, ANAGACK (Moravian
Archives)
GUARDED KACHNANAWÁPAMATSCHEEK (Passion of

Christ)
GUIDE KUHKEMEET (Aupaumut)
GUILTLESS WMEHNOWWAUPUMMAUWEEN

(Aupaumut)
GUN PÉQUAN, PÉQUANAN = guns (Schmick)
HAIL MOSÀÏKANANÁAN, MSE-CA-NÌ-NAAN

(Jefferson)
HAIR WEGHAUKUN (Edwards & Long)

WEEHAUKNUM = hair, beard (Barton)
WECHAAK (Ettwein)
WECHAKEN (Heckewelder)
WI-CHÀ-CON, WÉAHÁCANÚM (Jefferson)
HALF PASSÉWE (Schmick)
HAND WTUNNUHHAUNUK = his right hand,

working hand (Aupaumut)
KNISK = your hand, NNISK = my hand,
UNISK = his hand (Edwards)
NACHK = my hand, arm (Ettwein)
N’NACHK = my hand (Schmick)
NASHKQ = my hand, KAUSHKQ = thy hand
(Barton)
WUNACHKÍN (Heckewelder)
ONÀCHCANIK = hands, ONÀCHKOWAHK
= hands, NÁCHKAN, ONÀCHCAN.
ONÁCHGANIK, ONÁCHGIK = hands,
ANÈNACHKAJÀHK (Passion of Christ)
ONÀCHKAN = hands (Moravian Archives)
ONISKAN = his hands (Barton & Du Ponceau)
CANISTKÁN, CANISHKÀN,
WITO-NA-JEEN, OANISKAN (Jefferson)
HAPPEN ANÁJO (Pasion of Christ)
HARD ACHSANAJU (Heckewelder)

ASSANNÁJU (Schmick)
HARD-HEARTED UHWAUTHEET (Aupaumut)

HARM MCHEH, MCHEHNAUK (Aupaumut)
MÚHCHEH (Sergeant)
MATSCHE = harm, damage (Schmick)
HASTEN KSHOOKHTAUTHEEK (Aupaumut)
HATE WSEKENUMMUN = he hates (Aupaumut)

(see ENEMY) SEKEENUNDOWUKON = hatred (Edwards)
HAVE MECHÉNNA , KACHCHÁNEMA = you

have (Passion of Christ)
HAWK WANG-KAMAMAÖ (Jefferson)
HE, HIS WNEH, WOH, WAUWAUM = by him

(Aupaumut)
WNEH, WNEHK (Sergeant)
UWOH = he, that man, this man, this thing
(Edwards)
UWOH (Long)
NÁHKMA, NEHKMA, NEECH (Passion of
Christ)
NAHK’MA, NAHKMA, NAHKEMA (Schmick)
HEAD WEENSIS = his head (Barton, Long & Edwards)

WÉNES = his head, NENES = my head
(Schmick & Passion of Christ)
WEENSÈK (Passion of Christ)
WINSÜS, POCHQUATUP (Heckewelder)
WINSIIS, PECHQUATUP (Du Ponceau)
OWEHNIS (Ettwein)
NENES (Moravian Archives)
NA-A-NIS (Jefferson)
DUP, UTUP (Barton)
HEALTH ÓNAMANNISHOWÀGAN (Moravian Archives)
HEAR, LISTEN DONKPITTOMMON, KNITHTAUSOOW,

KPITTOMMON = you hear,,
PAUTUK, PTAUKAUNAUNUH,

PTOUWEMUH = hear us (Aupaumut)
PTUMMAUK (Sergeant)
PETTAM =I hear, KPETTAM = you hear,
OPETTAMEN = he hears, PTAUWAU = I
want to hear (Schmick)
KNÌSTAWEEKQ, KPÈTTAWÁWÀ = heard,
PÁTAKÀ = he heard (Passion of Christ)
PETTAM = I hear, PAPTAMMEN (Tschoop)
PTOWWAUMOOQ = it is heard (Morse)
N’BETÁMECHNAÙ = we hear (Moravian
Archives)
HEART DUH, DUHHUK, KTUH = your heart,

KTUHNAUK , KTOHNAUK,
KTOW = your heart, NUHHUH = my
heart, WTUHWAU = his heart
(Aupaumut)
UTOH = his heart (Edwards & Long)
WTOH (Sergeant)
DAH, N’DAH = my heart, KTAH =
your heart (Schmick)
OTAHAK, KTAHAK = in the heart (Moravian
Archives)
TAH (Ettwein)
N’TAH, NAN’TAH = my heart (Tschoop)
UCHDAHIN, CHDAHIN, NEH’DAHIN
(Heckewelder)
HEAT ‘KSETAUWOW (Jenks)

SHETAO (Jefferson)
HEAVEN, SKY WOHWEKOIWAUKUNNUK,

WUHWEKOIWAUKUNNUK,
WOHWEKOIWAUKONNUK,
WOHKUMMAUWENI = heaven, above,
PAUMUHKUMMAUWENIYEEK,
WUHKUMMAUWENY,
WUHWEKOIWAUKON, SPUMMUK,
SPUMMUKCHEH, THPUMMUK
(Aupaumut)

SPUMMUK, SPUMMUKCHEH,
WOHWEKOIYEUWONKUNNUK
(Sergeant)
WACHGAMAU (Heckewelder)
SPOMMUCK, WOCHCAMÁWENAAK
(Schmick)
SPÓMMUK, WÒOHCAMAWÉNÀHK
(Passion of Christ)
SPUMMUCK (Edwards & Barton)
THPUMMUCK, ONAUWAUK (Jenks)
MA-TÀGHQUE (Jefferson)
HEAVY KSUKQUA, KSUKQUÁN (Heckewelder)
HELP NNOHTUMMAUQ, NUHTOMMAUQUQ = help

us, enable us, NUHTONMACKIYUQ = help
us, enable us, NUHTUMMAUKKUH =
help us (Aupaumut)
NNOHTUMMAUQ, NOHTUMMOUWUH,
NOHTUMMAUWENAUNUH,
NOHTUMMOUWENAUNUH,
NHUHTOUWENAUNUH,
NNOHTUMMAUNQUUNNAUNUH,
NOHTUMMOUWENAUNAUNK,
NOHTUMMAUKAUWAUK,
NOHTUMMAUNTIHNUH,
NOHTUMMOUWUNKUN,
WNOHTAUNNUMMÚWAUNKUN
(Sergeant)
NACHTAMAN = I help (Schmick)
NÀCHTAMAWÀ (Passion of Christ)
NUHTAMAUWEH (Edwards)
HEMP WEETH-KUHN-PAUK = bitter hemp,

WAU-PON-NEP-PAUK = white hemp (Aupaumut)
HERE NOOHKEEP (Aupaumut)

NE (Schmick)
GÉSCHE (Passion of Christ)

HERO (title) MO-QUAU-PAUW (Aupaumut)
HIDE (verb) KAUCHEEKHNOWEH (Aupaumut)

KAUCHEEKHNOWIH (Morse)
HIDE, SKIN, LEATHER WEGAGEDCHEI (Schmick)
HIGH SPUMMUK (Heckewelder)

SPUMMUCK (Edwards)
HIMSELF, HERSELF KEAUNOQ, WHUKKI = self, himself, his body,

person, WHUKKIYEWEH,
WHUKKAUWAUK = everyone, them,
WHUKKAUWAUN = his body,
WHUKKIYEEN = his body,
WHUKKIYEWEH = his body, himself,
NAUKMUH = his own, himself,
WHUKKAUK = himself, herself,
her body (Aupaumut)
NAUKUMMUH, KEAUNOQ (Sergeant)
NÈCHNÈOWÈ = himself, yourself (Passion of
Christ)
HIS NAUKUH = his, our, NAUKUK = our (Aupaumut)
HIT, STRIKE PÁKKAMÙCK (Schmick)

PAKKÀMMIÀN, OKÉCHKATAHAAN,
OPAPÁKKAMMAWA, OPÀKKAMAWÀ,
OPAPAKKAMNÁWA,
OPÁPAKAMANNWÀ,
PÁKKAMUK, PAAKTAKKEEK (Passion
of Christ)
HOE WAAXEEHÉGAN (Schmick)
HOLY, SACRED CHISSESUK, KSEHKHEWEH, KKISSEKHOI =

clean, clear, KAUSEKHOIKEH = holy,
sacred, pure, KAUKSEKHOIYUCH,
KSEKHAWUSOWAUKUNNUK =
holiness, KSEKHEHTUWWEH =

make holy, sanctify, WAUNCH = good,
holy (Aupaumut)
KSCHEECHNE = clean, clear (Schmick)
HONEST MBOHKAUPAUWEH = be honest (Aupaumut)

MBOHKAUMPAUWEH = be honest (Sergeant)
HONOR HMUKHHAUNUMMAWU = honor him,

MKHAUNMUH, MKHAUNTUK,
MKHAUNMUTWAUKUN = reverence,
MKHEWEHQUITHTHYOOW = great
honor, WEHQUETHWAUKUNNOWUH
honor, glory, WEHNQUITHWAUKUN,
WEHNQUITHWAUKUNNOWUUH,
WEHNQUITHWAUKONNUN (Aupaumut)
NMUKHHAUNUMMAWÙ = honor him
(Sergeant)
MACHÁNEMA = honor me (Schmick)
HOPE NKAWUTHEH (Aupaumut)

NDINNETOHHUH = I do hope,
NHOKKAUNAUN, NHOKKAUNAUNK,
NHOKKAUNUH, WHOKKAUNAUN,
WHOKKAUK, NOHKAUNTUMMAUK
(Sergeant)
NACHGAWOSÈ = I have hope (Schmick)
HORN WEWEEN (Schmick)
HORSE WNUHNIYOKESEMMUN = his beast of burden,

ox, horse (Aupaumut)
NÁHNIÓGES, NACHNIÓGES, NACHNAJÓGES
(Schmick)
HOUR HOUR (Jenks)

NÁHKAWÈ (Passion of Christ)
HOUSATONIC, MASSACHUSETTS HOUSATONIC = over the mountain

(Moravians)

HOUSE, LODGE, WEEKWUHM, WAUKOWWAUN = in the
DWELL house, WEKAUNMAUN = in the house,
WEKAUNTOMMON = house,
dwelling, WEKEET = in his house,
WEKEYUN = your house,
WEEKMUHMUK, WEETOW,
WETOUWAUMAUN = dwell (Aupaumut)
WETOUWAUNMAUN = dwell,
WETOUWAUMUNNAUK,
WETOUWAUMMENAUNUH,
WETOUWAUMOIEUN (Sergeant)
WEEKUWUHM (Edwards)
WAIGWUM (Metoxin)
WEEKWOM (Jenks)
WIQUAAM (Heckewelder)
WEEHQUAMÒK, OQUÀCHCHÀ = house,
residence, palace (Passion of Christ)
WEEKUMUHN (Long)
WEEQUAUM (Barton)
WA-QUOM, WI-QUÀ-HAM (Jefferson)
WEKEED = into his house (Schmick)
HOW TAUN, TAUNEEK, TAUNAUM, TAUNAUT,

AUNHQUEH (Aupaumut)
TON, AUNQUUH (Sergeant)
TÀHN = how, like (Passion of Christ)
TUNEH (Long & Edwards)
TAN (Schmick)
HOW ARE YOU? KONAMANSE (Schmick)
HOW MANY? KAUKHOOWWUK (Aupaumut)
HUDSON RIVER MAHICANNITTUK (Heckewelder)

SHATEMUC = pelican place ? (Schoolcraft)
HUMILIATION KAUKTUMMAUKOIKUH,
WKUTMAUKAUNSOWAUKUN =
his humiliation (Aupaumut)

HUNGRY KAUTOOPWAUTKUT (Aupaumut)
GATTOPE (Tschoop)
GATTOPU = he is hungry, NGATTÓPE =
I am hungry (Schmick)
HUNT N’TÀNNAWÈ, NTANNAWÈ = I go hunting

(Schmick)
HURRY KSCHÓCHA = make haste, GATTATÁJI =

be quick, KSCHOOCHA = go quickly (Schmick)
HUSBAND WACHIA (Heckewelder & Schmick)

WACHIJA (Du Ponceau)
W’GHÁN, WAUGHECHEH (Jenks)
WAUGHECHEH = her husband (Long)
WÀCH-IEN, N-HUSH (Jefferson)
WAGHECKEY, WAUGHECHEH = her husband
(Edwards)
HYPOCRITE PAUNHKEPIYUHTUMMON (Aupaumut)
I, ME NEYUH, NEYUK, NEUH = I am, NICH,

NIH, NEYUTKEECH = I will,
NKEECH = my, NO (prefix)= my,
NYUKAUM = I who (Aupaumut)
NEYUK, NEAUNUH, NO (Sergeant)
NEAH (Long & Edwards)
NIÁ (Heckewelder)
NIÀ, NIÀN = my, NIÁNA = us, NEÁNE,
N’HÁKKAHK = me, NHAKKEIKEEP,
NIÀHKQ, NOHAATSCH = to me
(Passion of Christ)
NIÀ, NIA, NIÀN (Schmick)
NEAH, NEEAH (Barton)
ICE MACHQUAMMÍ (Heckewelder)

MA-QUAM-MÌ, MAQUAMEI (Jefferson)
MOOQUAUMEH (Barton)
M’QUAUMEEH (Jenks)

IDLENESS KTUMNAUWAUKUN (Aupaumut)
IF YUHHUH, NUHAUM, NUHAUN (Aupaumut)
IMAGE, PERSON AUNHQUAU, UNNUQQUEH, UNNOQUEH,

(see SIGHT, PERSON) MTHEQUN, MTHEQUK (Aupaumut)
IMMEDIATELY WSAUWUHNAUNAUWUH (Aupaumut)

SCHAWAHN, SCHAWA (Schmick)
SCHÁWAHN, SCHÁWA (Passion of Christ)
IMPOSTER MTISSOO = imposter, he is an imposter or

bad man, he is homely (Edwards)
POMÁOSÉTA (Passion of Christ)
IMPUTED UNNUQQUEH = imputed to us (Aupaumut)
IN, IT NHUH, NUNNOH = in, into, NUNNOOH,

UHNEH, OIENEH, UHTAUK,
UHTAUKEH, UNNAUP , UNNEH = in,
into, unto, to, on, UNNUHHAUN = into
(Aupaumut)
UHTAUK, OHTAUK, OHTAUKEH (Sergeant)
PÁHTSCHE = into (Passion of Christ)
INCREASE UHHAUCHEHNAUN, UHHAUCHEH =

increased, more (Aupaumut)
INDIAN CORN CHASQUÉME (Schmick)

CHAS-QUEEM, TSH-CAMMONÚM
(Jefferson)
ONUCHQUASK (Ettwein)
INDIANS UNNUNNAUMPAUK (Aupaumut & Sergeant)

ANENAPÁWAK, ANANAPAWECHGOK
(Schmick)
ÁNAPOWÈCHKANÀHT = people (Passion of
Christ)
INNOCENT N’NKUSSEEKHOI = I am innocent (Morse)

IS, ARE NUN, NON,OIKEH, OIYEET, OINEH,
AUYAUT, OIEHTEET, OINOIEK,
AUYECHEEK, AUNOIYEK = it is, are,
let it be so, NNOWOIYO, NNUH,
NEUH = I am, OIYON, WTENNOINAUP
= was, WTENNOIYEN = is (Aupaumut)
OIKEEH (Jenks)
OIECHEEK, OIEET = he who lives in a place,
WTINNOIYUWUN (Edwards)
ISLAND M’NAUHAN (Jenks)

MNOH-NOOK (Adams)
M’NACHNOOK (Ettwein)
IT NUKHPEH (Aupaumut)
ITSELF, OWN NIHNEH (Aupaumut)
JEALOUS KAUQNAUNAUT (Aupaumut)

NKAKUNANA = I am jealous (Schmick)
JESUS CHRIST JESUS CHRIST, JESUS CHRISTUK,

JESUS CHRISTUN, JESUSUN
(Aupaumut)
JESUSUN (Sergeant)
JESAN, JESUSSAN, JESUM, JESUSSEK
(Passion of Christ)
JEW JUDÉNAAK = Jews, JUDEN, JÚDAK, JUDÀ

(Passion of Christ)
JOY OIYUNNOMMENAUN (Aupaumut)
JUDGE (verb) KESEMUHHUN = you judge

WTAUKHUMMISSEET = to judge
(Aupaumut)
JUDGEMENT WNEEMTEEMKUH,
WNEEMWAUWAUKUNNUK

(Aupaumut)
WNAUMAUWAUCONNOWON = his
judgements (Morse)
ODÀCHPAPÓNICK = Judgment Seat
(Passion of Christ)
JUSTICE SAUKHKUNNUHKAUWAUKUN,
(see STRAIGHT) SAUKHKENAUQKNH = just (Aupaumut)
JUSTIFICATION KSEKHEEMTOWAUKUN,
KSEKHEEMTOWAUKUNNUK
(Aupaumut)
KANAWHA (CONOY) NATION KUHNAUWATHEEW,

KAUNAUWAUSEOOS (Aupaumut)
KEEP, PRESERVE KAUKHUNNOWWANTKEEK,

KAUKHUNNOWWAUTKEEK,
KHHUNNOWWAUNTOMMUQ,
KHHUNNOWWAUTOMMONNUH,
KUKHKHONNUWWAUNMEH,
KHUNNOWWAUTAUSEEK,
KHUNNOHTEET, KHONNEET
KKHONNENAUWUH,
NGUKHHUNNOUWAUNMOOKQKUH
= he keeps me,
KKOHKEEMQUONNAUNUH
(Aupaumut)
KHUNNEUWAUNTUMMUN,
KHUNOUWAUNTUH,
KHUNNOUWAUNUMMENAUAUH,
KHUNNOUWEHHENAUNUH,
KHUNNOUWAUNNUM,
KHUNNOWAUNNUMMEHAUNUH,
KHUNNOUWAUNNUMMAUNT,
KHUNNOUWAUNUH,
KHUNNOUWAUNMMEYAUK,
KHUNNEAUK,
KHUNNEUWAUNTUMMUN,
KHUNNOUWAUNTUMMAUK,

KAUNKHUNNOUWAUNTUMMUN,
KAUKHHUNNOUWAUNTUMMUN,
ONEHKHUNNOUWAUNNUMMENAUNUH
(Sergeant)
KÀCHCHANNAWÉTOWAGANICK = in your
keeping (Schmick)
CHÀNNAWECHTÁHNSEETSCH,
CHANNAWÈCHTATEETSCH (Passion
of Christ)
KOHKHONNOWWAUTAUTHOW (Morse)
KICKAPOO NATION KEKIPOO (Aupaumut)
KILL NHTAUN, NNOWUHHUN, NOOHPAUWON,

(see DESTROY) NOOHPAUNMUQ (Aupaumut)
NHTAUN (Sergeant)
KIND NGUKTUMMAUKAUNH = be kind

(Aupaumut)
NGUKKÙTUMMAUKAUNEH,
NGUTTUMMAUKSEHNUH,
NGUTTUMMAUK,
NGUKHHUNNOUWAUNMOOKQKUH,
GUTTUMMAUKSITTOUWENAUNUH,
GUTTUMMAUKAUNNUMMUH,
GUTTUMMAUKAUNTUMMÙWAUNKUN,
NGUTTUMMAUKSOOWAUNKUNNINNAUNK
[longest word 29 letters] (Sergeant)
KINDERHOOK, N.Y. KOKHKAUWONKHUCK (1765 deed)

CUHCAUWAUNCOOK (Stockbridge Proprietors
Book)
KINDERHOOK LAKE WOGASHEUACHOOK = great fish? (Collier)
KING, KINGDOM KING, KUHTIYOWWAUWEET,

KUHTIYOWWAUWEET,
KUKTIYOWWAUWEET,
KKEHKIYOWAUKUNMAUNK = your

kingdom, WKEHKIYOWAUKUN = his
kingdom, KIWAUKUN,
WKEHKIYENAUWAUH = his dominion,
WKEHKIYOWAUKON = his kingdom,
KKIWAUKON = your kingdom
(Aupaumut)
KIOWEENOOH, WAUYAUWAGHOU = chief
(Jenks)
KWÁIJAWÁWOWÁGANICK= in your
kingdom, WÁIJAWAOIOEED = king,
WÁIJAWÁWOJÀN, WAIJAWNÈN,
WAIJÁWAHN = king, chief, sachem,
governor, KWAIJAWÀSMÓA = your
king, N’WÁIJAWÁWOWAGANICK =
in paradise, WAIJAWÁUWENAAK =
governor, prince, HÀIJAWÁU (Passion of
Christ)
KWIOUWAUWEH = kingdom (Edwards)
KISS MÀCHKAWAJÀ, MÀCHKAWÀHN = kissed

(Passion of Christ)
MACHGÁWE = kiss me (Schmick)
KNIFE SCHICÁN, SHICAN (Heckewelder)

CHÉGAN, TACHÉGAN (Schmick)
KNOCK PAUPUQHEKAUCHEH (Aupaumut)
KNOW, LEARN AUNAUWEHTIYAUK, WAUWEHTIYAUQ,

WAUWEHHAUMUK, WAUWEHTIYUQ,
WAUWEHHAUWAUK,
WAUNWEHTUMMUNNAUP,
WAUWEHTONNOWAUT,
WWAUWEHTAUNUH = he knows,
WAUWEHQUOHK = knowledge,
WAUWEHTAUNAUWUH =
knowledge, KWAUWEHHAWU =
you know, NGOKKOHKEEMKUH,

KKOHKEEMQUONNAUNUH ,
NWAUWEHTAUNAUNUH = we know,
NWAUWTAUNTOMMON = I know,
WAUWAUTOMMOWAUKUNNUK =
knowledge, holiness, WAUWEHHOIYUQ
= know him (Aupaumut)
NWAUWEHTAUNAUNUH = I know,
NWAUWEHTAUNAUNUH = I know,
NWAUWAUNTUMMÙWAUNKUN =
knowledge,
WAUWEHTAUSEEQ,
WAUWEHKOIEYUN,
WAUWEHHOIUKQ = know him,
WAUWEHTOUWAUK,
WAUWAUNTUMMÙWAUNKUN =
knowledge, KWAUWEHHAWÚ = you
know, NWAUWEHTAUNAUNUH = I
know,
WAUWAUNTUMMÙWAUNKUNNINNUH
= my knowledge,
NWAUWAUNTUMMÙWAUNKUNNINHUH
= my knowledge (Sergeant)
N’WAWECHTAN = I know, KWAWEHÁWA =
you know, WAWEHÁWA = they know,
WAWECHTAN = I know (Schmick)
WÁWECHTAWAKWANE, WÁWECHTÀHN,
KWAWECHTAHÁWA = you know,
KWAWECHTAWUH,
AWÁWECHTAHN,
OWÁWECHTANÁWA,
OWAWÈCHTANAWÀ = they know,
WAWÈCHTAWÙN = I know him,
WÁWECHTAAKQ = you know (Passion
of Christ)
WAWEHTUSEEK (Edwards)
WAUWIHTAUQ,
WIHWAUWAUTOMNOHAUNQUON =
make wise (Morse)
QUAWÈCHTANAÙ (Moravian Archives)

LAKE MBISIS (Heckewelder)
‘PQUAUGHON (Jenks)
LAKE WINNEBAGO ONA-MUS-QUAH-KEEK = Land of the Beavers

(Adams)
LAMB MAMÁGES (Moravian Archives)

MAMAKSIMSÀK = sheep (Schmick)
LANGUAGE UNNEEKHTHOWAUCON (Morse)
LARGE, BIG, GREAT MAUKHKENUK, MKHAUWCHEECH,

MKHOWWAUP, MKHEQUEH,
NMUKHKHEH (Aupaumut)
MAUKHKENUM, MAUKHKENUK,
MAUKHHEH (Sergeant)
MACHAAK (Jenks & Heckewelder)
KWÁNEMÌNNAWA (Passion of Christ)
MAUMAUGHQUEQUICQ = greater (Jenks)
MAGHHOCK (Duane)
MACHGENIK (Tschoop)
MAUKHAUK (Morse)
MÁCHAAK, MACHCHÈ (Schmick)
MACHY (Edwards)
CO-MAGH-CAÏN (Jefferson)
LATE MEÉCHKÀU (Schmick)
LAW MUMMAUTNAUSOOW, MUMMAUTNOK =

laws, MUMMAUTNUK = laws,
MUMMAUTNUMNAUP = laws,
commands, MUMMAUTNUMNAUSUH
= laws, commands, UNNUHKOMME,
UNNUHKUMMEEKSOWAUKUN,
UNNUHKUMMEEKSOWAUKUNNUK,
WTOMPTOONAUWAUNKUN = his law,
WTENHKOMMEEKSOWAUKUNNUN =
his law,
WTENKUMMEEKSOWAUKUN = his law,
WTINKUMMEEKTHOWAUKUN = his law,

WTOWWUHHAUKUNNUN = ordinances,
WUHWNEHUNNUHKAUMKEH = lawful
endeavors (Aupaumut)
MUMMUTSOOWUH,
WTOMPTOONAUWAUNKUN = his law,
word (Sergeant)
WTUNKOMMEEKTHOWAUCONNUN = his laws,
statutes, WTONKOMMEEKTHOWAUCON
(Morse)
LEAD (verb) KPOONNENAUNUH (Aupaumut)

ÓDENOOCHANANÁWA = led him,
UDÀUWACHTÒCHANAWÀHN = led,
ODÈNNOCHANAWAHN = led him
(Passion of Christ)
PANNEEWEH (Edwards)
LEAN, THIN TSCHACHGÁCHU (Schmick)

CO-H-CAN-NÉGH (Jefferson)
LEARN KKOKKOHKEEMKUSUH = you learn,

SIAUWEKAUCH = must learn (Aupaumut)
KKOKKOHKEEMKUHSUH = you learn,
NGUKKOHKEEMKUH = to know,
SHIAUWEKAUCH = I must learn
(Sergeant)
LEAST OITONNOTAUKENNUK , OOITON (Aupaumut)
LEAVE (verb) POOUNAUMKUH, WPOONNAU = he leaves

(Aupaumut)
POONNUKKEH, POONNIMAUK,
POONNIMMAUK (Sergeant)
PONENA = leave, let, loose (Schmick)
LEAVES (noun) WANEPACHQUÁN (Heckewelder)

WANEPACHQUÀN, WANÉPAK (Schmick)
WAUNEÉPOCKQ, WAUNEPOCKQ (Barton)
LEG NACHGACHQUAN (Schmick)

OGÀKHÀCHK = legs (Passion of Christ)
CÀGH-QUÀN (Jefferson)
LEST TAUMTHAUWAUM, TAUMTHUHAUMNEEK

(Aupaumut)
LET, PERMIT UNAUWNUH, UNNAUMHTUH,

UNNAUNMUH, UNNAUNTOMMOOQ =
let us, UNNOIYOOW = let it be (Aupaumut)
UNNAUNTOH (Morse)
ANAUUNÈ = let (Schmick)
AHTSCHKAAM = let (Passion of Christ)
LIE, FALSE KONNAUWEWEH, KUHKNAUCHEEK = lying,

false (Aupaumut)
GAGGANANAWEHH = he lies (Schmick)
LIFE, LIVING POMMAUWTHOWAUKUN,

(see SAVE) PAMMAUWTHOWAUKUN,
PUMMAWUSOWAUKUNNUK,
PAUMAWUSECHEH, PMAWUSEET,
PMAWUSEHTEET, PAUPMAWUTHEET
= living, PAUPEHTAWUSEYUN = long
life, KPOMMAWUSOWAUKUNNANNUH
= your life, PAMMAWUSECHEEK =
living creatures, PEHTOUWSOWAUKUN,
PMAUSEMUKWAUTNAUSEKEH,
PMAUWTHEECH = live , MAWUSEMUK,
PMOAUWTHOWAUKONNUK,
PUMMAWUSECHEEK = alive,
PUMMAWUSOOP = alive,
WPOMMAWUSOWAUKONNOWUH =
his life,
WPOMMAWUSOWAUKUNNOWAUN =
lives (Aupaumut)
PUMMAWÙSEET, PUMMAWÙSEHTEET,
PUMMAWÚSEAUK, UMMAWÚSEYAUK,
PUMMAWÚSENAUNUH,
PUMMAWÚSOOP = alive,
PUMMAWÚSECHEH = life,

PUMMAWÚSECHEEK,
PUMMAWUÚSOOWAUNKUN,
PUMMAWÚSOOWAUNKUNNUH,
PUMMAWUMAWÚSOOWAUNKUN,
PUMMAWÙSHTEET,
PUMMAWUSIHTEET,
PAUMMAWÚSEAUK,
PAUPEHTAWÚSETUH = long life,
PAUMAWÚSEAUK,
PAUMAWUSOOWAUNKUNUK,
P’MAWOSOWAGAN, ‘PMÁOSENÁNAU,
SAHKAWÚSEMUK = long life, OIEUN =
live, OIAUK, OIAUMHEH, OIEYUN
(Sergeant)
OIEET = the man who lives or dwells in a place
(Edwards)
POMMAUCHSOAGÁN (Heckewelder)
P’MAOSOWÁGAN, P’MAWOSOWÁGAN,
P’MÁOSOWÁGAN, SÀCHKAOSIA
(Schmick)
PUMMAOOSOWONKAN (Barton)
POM-N-WÌCH-SO, CÓPO-WÁ-UNSÉH
(Jefferson)
LIFT WAUKHONNUN = lifted up (Aupaumut)
LIGHT (not dark) WAUTHNAUNEKUN, WAUTHOIYEK,

WAUTHEKEEW = enlighten,
KWAUTHNAUNEKUNNOWAUN = your
light, KOWAUTHNAUN = enlighten
(Aupaumut)
WAUTHAUJOUW (Jenks)
WÁCHAU (Heckewelder)
WÁSAIK, WÁSSAIK , WAHS’NANÉGAN
(Schmick)
WANSAYÒH, WONSAYÒH (Jefferson)
WAUNSÁEEK (Barton)
WIHWAUPOHAUNQUONNUH = enlightening
(Morse)

LIGHT (not heavy) NACÁN, NACA (Heckewelder)
NÁGAN (Schmick)
LIGHTNING WAWÁCHANÁHÀN (Schmick)

WA-WA-HANAHUM (Jefferson)
LIP NMOOSKWUH = my lips (Aupaumut)

KSHAÏTÒNE (Jefferson)
ESSEITONSHAITON = lips (Ettwein)
LITTLE KÉWESCHE = a little (Passion of Christ)
LIVE LONG SAHKAWÚSEMUK, PAUPEHTAWÚSETUH

(Sergeant)
SACHKAOSÍA (Schmick)
LIZZARD M-BA-SHÓSHE (Jefferson)
LONG ISLAND, N.Y. PAUM-NUK-KAH-NUK = place of the long

island (Metoxen)
LOOK FOR KWENAM (Schmick)

KWÈNAWAJAAKQ (Passion of Christ)
LORD TAUPAUNMOWAUT, TAUPAUNMEYON,

TAUPAUNMAWAUT, TAUPAUNMEET,
TAUPAUNMEYUN, TAUPAUNMOQUN,
TAUPAUNMOWIUH, TPAUNMOQUQ =
to be the lord, TTAUPNOMEQUQ =
rule, TTAUPNOTUK = rule, govern
(Aupaumut)
TAUPAUNNUMEAUK,
TAUPAUNUMMEYAUK
TAUPAUNNUMMEAUK,
TAUPAUMMEAUK,(Sergeant)
TAPANEMUKQUAK (Schmick)
TAUPAUNNUAN, TAUPOUMEAN (Edwards)
TAUPAUNMOWAUT, TAUPAUNMEYON
(Morse)
TÁPAANMIJÀK (Passion of Christ)

LOSE WEETHUKKAUMAUT = he loses (Aupaumut)
LOUD KEECHSÒ, MACHÉCH (Passion of Christ)

MAKCHEECHSÈ, MUCHTSCHE = very loud,
MAMAKEECHSE = loudly (Schmick)
LOVE UHWAUNAUYUQ, UHWAUNAWU,

UHWAUNQUAUNEEK,
UNWAUNTOWAUKUN,
UHWAUNAUWUNNUH = lovers,
UHWAUNAUNCHEEK = lovers,
KTUHWAUNWAUWAUKUN = thy love,
UHWAUNAUWUNNUH = love him,
NDUHWAUNAWU = love him,
WHWAUNTOWAUKUN = his love,
WHWAUTUK = loved,
UHWAUNTOWEEKHMAUYUQ = loving,
charitable,
WTUHWAUNWAUWAUKUN = his love
(Aupaumut)
UHWHUNUW, NDUHWHUNTAMMIN = I love
it, NDUHWHUNUNK = I love them,
NDUHWHUNUW = I love him or her,
UDUHWHUNUW = he loves him,
KTUHWHUNIN = I love thee,
KTUHWHUNOOHMUH = I love you -
plural, UHWHUNDOWUKON = the noun
for “love” (Edwards)
NDAUHÙNAUNK = I love them,
NDOHHUNNAUNK, NDAUHUNNAUNK,
NDUHWAUNAWÚ = love him,
NDAUHUNNAUN, NDOHNAUN,
NDOHNAUK, UHWOINOIEUH = loved,
UHWAUNOIEUM = loved,
UHWAUNAUWUNNUH,
UHWAUNAUNCHEEK, UHWAUNAWÚ,
UHWAUNTUMMAUK, UHWAUNOIYUN,
UHWAUNENAUNUH,
UHWAUNTUMMOOWAUK,

UHWAUNTUMMUNNEH,
UHWAUNQUAUK, UHWAUNENAUNUH,
KTUHWAUNNINNAUNUH (Sergeant)
ACHWANÁU = he loves, N’TACHWÁNEN = I
love, ACHWANÁNAU = we love
(Schmick)
ACHWAHNÁJA = dear, loved,
ACHWÁHNENÁHKQ = have loved,
ACHWÀHNDÉNAU, ACHWÀHNKUKKÈ
= beloved (Passion of Christ)
ACHWÁHNDOWAGAN, ACHWANAN
(Moravian Archives)
ACHWANTOWAGAN (Heckewelder)
ACHWAUNDEEN (Barton)
LOW ACHGÍK (Heckewelder)
MAKE, CREATE ANNEHHOQ, ANNEHHOQUN, ANNEHHAWU

(see BLESS) = made, KTENNEMMAUNEN = do, make,
AUNEHHAUN, KESCHTAUTOOP = made,
KESHEHHOQUNNISSUH = made you,
KTENNEHHOKAUNAUNUH = made
KTINNEEMKAUNAUWUH = you make,
ONECHAUNEEN = make me,
ONNIHHUH, UNNEHHEET,
UNNEHTAUSOOH = made,
UNNEHTAUT = blessing, making,
UNNEHTUH = make,
UNNEHTUHTEET = made, condition
UNNEHTUHTETUP = made,
WTEHNEHTAUN = makes, WTENNEHHAUN,
WTENNEHHAUNAUTHUH = create,
WTENNAUNMAUWEE = makes,
WUHWNEHTAUCHEEK (Aupaumut)
KESHEHHÓQUUNNISSUH = made you,
ANAEHHAWÙ, ANNEHHAUN,
ANNEHHAWÙ, ANNEHHOQ = makes us,
ANNEHHOQUAUK, ANNEHHOQUUN =
makes, AUNEHHÒQUAUKEEK,
ONÉCHAUNEEN,

WNEHTAUN = he makes(Sergeant)
N’ONECHTAN = I make, KONECHTÀ =
you make, ONECHTÁWAK = they make,
ONECHTAU = he makes, he does (Schmick)
ODÈNNANACHKÀHN = made,
ÁNANACHGÁTA (Passion of Christ)
MAKE A FIRE PODAWÀ, PODAWAU = he lights a fire

(dress the kettle) (Schmick)
POOTOUWAH, POOTOUWAUH (Long &
Edwards)
MALICIOUS NSCONMOO (Edwards)
MAN, MALE NEMONNAWU, NEMONNAUN,

NEMUNNAUWENAUP (Aupaumut)
NEEMANÁOO, EEOWTHKENOOH = young
man, ‘KCHEE = old man (Jenks)
NEMANA, NEMANAU, KACHTSCHAI = old
man (Schmick)
NÉMANÁU (Büttner & Passion of Christ)
NEMANNAUW, NEMANNAUK = men (Edwards
& Barton)
NEEMONNAWU (Morse)
NIMANNÂU (Heckewelder)
NEMANNAO, NI-MA-NÁU (Jefferson)
MANHATTAN, N.Y. MONOKUHTAUNUK (Aupaumut)
MANKIND AUTONNEH, AUTENNEH,

AUTONNAWUTHEET,
AUTUNNEEKHAUT,
AUTONNAWUSEETUK,
AUTONNAUWTHECHEEK,
AUTENNAWUSEET (Aupaumut)
AUTONNEH (Sergeant)
AWANETSH, AWENETOH (Ettwein)

MANY MKHAUNAUK , MUKHHAUNEH,
MKHAUNEECH, MKHAUNEH,
MKHAUNUHTQUKSOWUK =
multitude, thousands,
NEEMAUKHAUNKEE = multitudes
(Aupaumut)
NMUKHHAUNEH (Sergeant)
MACHANE (Schmick)
MACHÁNE, MACHÁNAAK (Passion of Christ)
MARRY WEEWEEN (Edwards & Long)
MASTER NKEHKIYOOM = my master, rabbi (Aupaumut)

(see KING) MÁHSTANNOOM, MAASCHTANNÒOM
(Passion of Christ)
MAT UNNUKKON (Aupaumut)

ANNOCHKANN (Büttner)
UNNUKKUN (Foster-Clements Papers)
MAY (verb) MGOOH (Aupaumut)
MEANING AUNEWEHTUMMUN (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
MEANS (noun) AUWOHHAUKONNEKEH,

AUWUHHAUKONNEEK,
OWWOHHAUKUNNEEK,
DAUNAUMON,
OWWUKHAUKONNOOW (Aupaumut)
MEASURED QTUM (Aupaumut)
MEAT, FLESH WEEAUS (Metoxen)

WIJAAS (Heckewelder)
WEEAS (Barton)
WOJAAS (Ettwein)
WOJAS, WIAS, WEJAAS (Schmick)
WE-YASE (Jefferson)
MEDICINE BESON, NBESOHN (Schmick)

MEEK NOOCHMAUNTHECHEEK = those who are
meek (Aupaumut)
MEET MAJAHANÁTAU = we will meet,

MAJÁWENENAWÀ = they came together,
KMAJAWEWAK = they assembled =
they assembled (Schmick)
PÁJCATÀ = he met, KMÀJAWENÁWA = meet,
assemble (Passion of Christ)
MEMORY M’NÀNAWA (Passion of Christ)
MERCY, KINDNESS, GRACE WKUHTOMMAUKAUNWAUKONNUN =

his mercies, grace,
WKUKTOMMAUKAUNWAUKONNOK =
his grace,
WKUKKTOMMAUKAUNWAUKUN
= his grace,
WKUKTOMMAUKAUNWAUKUN = his
grace, mercy,
KTOMMAUKAUNMEH = your grace,
KTOMMAUKAUNMITWAUNKUNNUK =
your grace,
KTOMMAUKAUNMUTWAUKUN
= grace,
KTOMMAUKAUNMUTWAUKUNNUK =
your grace,
KKUKTOMMAUKAUNWAUKONNON
= your mercy,
KKUKTOMMAUKAUNWAUKUN = your
mercy KUKKUTUMMAUKAUNEET =
mercy,
KUKTAMMAUKAUNWAUKONNUK
(Aupaumut)
KUKKUTUMMAUNKAUNEET = mercy,
KÙTTUMMAUKAUNUMMENAUNUH,
KÚTTUMMAUKAUNUMMUHANNUH,
KTUMMAUKAUNUMMUH = be kind,
KTUMMAUKAUNNUMMUH,

KUKKTUMMAUKAUNEUN,
KUHKUTTUMMAUKAUNEH,
KUTTUMMAUKAUNNUMMEWAUK,
KTUMMAUKAUNUMMUHKUH,
KUTTUMMAUKAUNUMMOOKQ,
KÚTTUMMAUKEH,
KUTUMMAUNKAUNMOEUN,
WKUKKÚTUMMAUKAUNNÒWAUNKUN,
NGUTTUMMAUK (Sergeant)
KTEMÀKANEMÁWAK = compassion (Schmick)
MESSAGE TAUNNUHTUWWAUKTINNAUK (Aupaumut)
MESSENGER, RUNNER UN-NUH-KAU-KUN (Aupaumut)
MESSIAH MESSIAS (Passion of Christ)
MIAMI NATION WEMAUMEEW (Aupaumut)
MIAMI NATION NEAR DETROIT WAWYUHTONNEEW (Aupaumut)
MIGHT, POWER PAUPQUUNNOIEKEH (Aupaumut)

PAUPQOONNOIEKEH (Sergeant)
MILK MO-NÙKH (Jefferson)
MIND (noun) KTENNETUHHAUWAUKUNNUNNAUK = thy

mind,
KTENNETUHHAUWAUKUNNUNNAUN =
minds (Aupaumut)
MIRROR WAPACHPENAÚUS (Schmick)
MISERABLE, POOR KAUKTOMMAUKAUNECHEEK,

KAUTMAUKAUNTHCHEEK,
KAUTUMMAUKKEH, SIUHKEH,
KAWTUMMAUK = miserably,
SIUKKOIWAUKUN = misery,
SIUKKOIWAUKUNNUK = misery,
SAUSIUKKEH = miseries, THIKEH,

KSEHOIWAUKUNNENNUH = misery,
MUMMUKHHUHWAUNTUMMOPANNEEK
= misery,
MUMMUKHHUHWAUNTUMNEET
= miserable, SIUHKEH = miserable, misery,
WMUMKHOHWAUNTOMWAUKONNOWUH
=misery (Aupaumut)
MUMMUKHHUHWAUNTUMNEET,
MUMMUKHHUHWAUNTUMMENAUP,
MUMAUKHHUHWAUNTUMMENOHTETOOP,
MUMMUKHHUHWAUNTUMMÙW,
MUMMUKHHOUWAUNTUKKOOP,
MUMMUKHUHHWAUNTUMÒPANNEH,
MUMMUKHHUK, MAUMUKH,
KAUTUMMAUKKEH, SIUKKEH,
SYUKKEH,
SAUSIYUKKÙKEH (Sergeant)
NAGATEMAXED (Tschoop)
KATMAXEED, KTEMAKAIHATTET (Schmick)
SIUKEH (Edwards)
MIXED EM’NÓHANNAWAHN = mixed with (Passion of

Christ)
MOCK UNÁNANECHNAWÉHAAWAHN = mocked

(Passion of Christ)
MOHAWKS MHOOAWS = “eaters of men” (Aupaumut)

compare MAUQUAÚOGS, “Men-eaters” of
Roger Williams in 1643.
MOHICAN MUHHEEKUNNEEW = Mohican people,

MUHHECONNUCK = a Mohican, the place
of the Mohicans (Aupaumut)
MUHHEAKUN, MEHIKSQUOH = woman of the
nation, name given to Sergeant’s daughter
(Sergeant)
MÚHHECÓNNUCK (Pickering)
MHHEKUNNUCK (Woodbridge)
MAHICANNI (Heckewelder)
MUH-HE-KON-NE-UK = river people (Adams)

MONEY -SENNPATT-, -SENPETT- (Schmick)
MONTH PAASCOCAJO (Jefferson)
MOON NIPAHÚK (Heckewelder)

NIPAHAK (Du Ponceau)
NEEPAHUCK (Barton)
NEPAUHAUK (Jenks)
NEPOHOCK (Büttner)
NE-PÀ-K, NAPONGHA (Jefferson)
MOOSE MO-OSE (Jefferson)
MORAL MAUNONENAUQUOHK (Aupaumut)

MENOONSQUOH = virtuous woman, name
given to John Sergeant’s daughter
(Belknap)
MORE UNNOWEEN, UNNOWEEW,

UNNOWEEWTKHEH, UNNOWEW =
more than, UNNOWEWEH = more, more
than, freely, UNNOWWEH = freely,
UNNOWWEWEH (Aupaumut)
ANUWEEWEH (Edwards)
ANNOWÉWE, ANNUWEWE = more than
(Schmick)
UNNOWEW, UNNOWEWU (Morse)
MOREOVER WONKNUHHUN (Morse)
MORNING NIYOPPAUWEH = in the early morning

(Aupaumut)
NAUJAUPAUWEW, PAUTAUPON = the
dawn (Jenks)
NAJÁPPAWE = early in the morning (Schmick)
PATAPAN = daybreak, GATPOCHK = early in
the morning (Heckewelder)
WOHNAGACHGAN (Büttner)
WÁPANNACHÉNA = good morning (Moravian

Archives)
MOST NHAUNEH (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
MOTE WAUKHEETHMUTYAUQWAUWONNOIYUS = thy

(speck in eye) brother’s mote
WAUKHUTHMUTWAUNUT = thy
brother’s mote,
KHUTHMUTWAUNAUYUN = thy
brother’s mote (Aupaumut)
MOTHER KKUK = your mother, WKWKKUK = his

mother (Aupaumut)
N’GUK = my mother (Metoxen)
KOCKQ = your mother, OKOÉKKÀN = his
mother (Passion of Christ)
N-GUCK, NGEE (Jefferson)
NKEK (Schmick)
ENGUCK (Büttner)
INGUCK (Barton)
GOK (Ettwein)
WOAKKIMUK (Heckewelder)
O’KEGÁN (Jenks)
MOUNTAIN, HILL WCHOOK = mountains, hills (Aupaumut)

WACHSHU (Ettwein)
WACHTSCHÛO, M’CHATSCHÚ
(Heckewelder)
WACHTSCHU (Schmick)
WACHTSCHOOK (Passion of Christ)
W’CHU = mountain, GH’AUKOOCK = hill
(Jenks)
WHAUCHOO (Barton)
MACHEWACHECOUGH (Duane)
MOURN TAUNNUMMECHEEK (Aupaumut)
MOUTH TON (Ettwein)

OTOON (Du Ponceau)
OTOUN (Barton)

WDOON (Heckewelder & Du Ponceau)
OTÓHNICK (Schmick & Passion of Christ)
ENDON, UTOHN, UTSCHUNIS = your
mouth (Büttner)
UTSCHÚNIS = your mouth (Moravian Archives)
WTOON, K-TÓNE (Jefferson)
MUCH, OFTEN MACHÁNE, KAACHWAK (Passion of Christ)
MUNSEE NATION WEMINTHEEW (Aupaumut)
MUST, SHALL KAUCH, NEKAUCHNUN, KAUCHEEK

IYITHCOMCOM, SIAUWEKAUCH =
I must learn (Aupaumut)
KAUCH = must, KAUQUIKAUCH = you must
(Sergeant)
MYSELF, HIMSELF NUHKAUG, NUHKAUCH, NUHKAUNAUP,

NUHKAUTUK , NHOKKI = my body
(Aupaumut)
NIHNIH (Sergeant)
N’HACKAI (Schmick)
N’HACKAY (Moravian Archives)
NAIL (verb) TÀCHQUAHÉKAN = nailed (Passion of Christ)
KTACHQUAHÉGAN (Schmick)
NAME AUNEWESEET = his name,

ANNEWETHENEET,
AUNEWEETHYON,
AUNEWEETHYUN,
AUNEWETHEET = his name,
UNNEWEHNAUK = named, called,
ONEWEETHWAUKUN = good name,
reputation,
KONOWEETHWAUKONNONNUH
= your name, AUNEWESETUP =

named,
KONEWEETHWAUKUNNUNNUH =
your good name (Aupaumut)
AUNEWESEET = named (Sergeant)
ANÉWESÉET = called, ANÉWESÒ = named,
ANÈWEZIÀN = called, the Z is incorrect,
AWÉTSCHAWA = called (Passion of
Christ)
ANNUWOIEON (Edwards)
ANEWESO , ONEWESO (Schmick)
NANTICOKE NATION WENUHTOKOWUK, WENUHTOKOOS

(Aupaumut)
NARROW WEPUWWOIYEK (Aupaumut)

WIPAUWAJÚ (Heckewelder)
NATION ATCHEWECHNAWET = nations (Moravian

Archives)
NEAR P’ACHWÍWI (Heckewelder)

PACHOOD = nearly, almost (Schmick)
NECESSARY AUYAUNQUUTTOOQ (Aupaumut)
NECK KACHQUAKACHCAN (Schmick)

NACHTAGAN = my neck (Ettwein)
NEED DAUWOHHAUN (Aupaumut)

DAWAHÁU (Passion of Christ)
DAUWATAACH (Schmick)
NEEDLE SCHAPENNIKÁN (Heckewelder)

SCHAAPNÉGAN (Schmick)
NEGLECT IYONHAUTAUSEEK (Aupaumut)
NEIGHBOR WEETHKAUNAUYUN,
WEETHKAUNAUYUQ,
WEETHKAUNNUK,

WEETHKAUNOYHQUOK,
WEETHKAUNUT, WEETKAUM,
WEETKAUNOIHQUEEK,
WETKAUNNAUYQUEEK,
WETKAUNOIQUK (Aupaumut)
NEW, YOUNG WSKOI, WSKOIYEK, USKOIYEK,

WSKOOKHQUAWU = young woman,
virgin (Aupaumut)
WSKOI (Sergeant)
USKE, OSKEKAN (Schmick)
WASKI = at first (Tschoop)
USKÁI, WASKÁIK (Passion of Christ)
NEW MILFORD, CONN. WEANTANUCK, WEANTINOCK = winding

stream (Orcutt)
NEW YORK, N.Y. MON-AH’-TON-UK (Metoxen)

MONOKUHTAUNUK (Panoplist)
NIGHT, EVENING TKHOQUNNEWEH = nights, NEPAUWEH,

PAUPQUUNNOIEKEH = dark, night
(Aupaumut)
PAUPQOONNOIEKEH = night,
PAUPQUUNNOIEKEH (Sergeant)
TEPOCKQ, NIPAWI (Du Ponceau)
TPOCHGÀ, NEPÁWE (Schmick)
T’PAUGHESU = evening, P’QUAUNAUJOUH
= night (Jenks)
T’POCHK, WANAQUÍK = evening
(Heckewelder)
TAPPACHÉTA = evening, TÀPAQUEEK =
night, WANAQUEEK = night (Passion of
Christ)
‘TPÈCHKAK (Moravian Archives)
TPÒCH-KEU, CONAÏÒ (Jefferson)
NIPAWE (Barton)
ONAQUEGA (Ettwein & Schmick)
NINE NAUNEWEH (Aupaumut)

NAUNEEWEH (Edwards)
NANNÉWE (Schmick)
NANNÉWE, NANNÉWE T’CHA = nine
o’clock (Passion of Christ)
NA-NÈ-WE, NAN-NA-WÌGH (Jefferson)
NIPPLE CO-NUNYAN (Jefferson)
NO, NOT, WITHOUT ESTOH, STOH, STAH, EHESTOH, STOK,

STUCH, ESTOH AUM = no one, KSEKEH,
STOKAUM = no one, STOHKEEPAUM =
\ no one, STUH = not (Aupaumut)
ESHTOH (Sergeant)
ASTA (Tschoop)
ASTÀN (Moravian Archives)
ASCHTÀN, AESCHTÀ, ASCHAAM,
AESCHAAM, ASCHTÁ, ASKHTÀK
(Passion of Christ)
ESTAH, ESTAHAM (Edwards)
STÁH, STA, ESTA, ESCHTÁ (Heckewelder)
STÀCH, STA (Schmick)
SCHTAH, ESCHTA, ACHTA (Barton)
STOH (Morse)
NO, NOT CHEEN, CHEEN AUM = no one, CHEEN

KAUQUI = nothing, NUM (Aupaumut)
CHEEN (Edwards & Sergeant)
TSCHEEN (Schmick)
TSCHÈNÈ (Passion of Christ)
NOON NACHQUATA (Ettwein)

NAACHQUATA (Schmick)
NAACHQUATÀ (Passion of Christ)
NORTH PONAK (Heckewelder)
NOSE WACHKIWAN = his nose, KACHKEWAN =

your nose (Du Ponceau)
WACHKIWON (Heckewelder)
WAWOHAN, WAWEKAN (Ettwein)

OKEWON (Barton & Du Ponceau))
NACHKEWAN = my nose (Schmick)
CA-CA-WUN (Jefferson)
NOW NONO (Aupaumut, Schmick & Passion of Christ)

NONO, NÒNOOCH = now, present (Sergeant)
NONOTACHGE = but now (Tschoop)
NOONOOK (Edwards)
NUMBER AUTKHOKKEEMQUOHK,
AUTKHOOQNUKKUHK,
AUTKHUKKEEMQUOHK,
AUTKHUKKEEMQUHKEH
(Aupaumut)
AUTGHAUNNOIKACK (Jenks)
OBEY WTOPSITTUMMUNNAUP = he obeyed,

TAUPSETTEMMONNEET =
obedience, TPITHTOMMAUWAUKUN =
obedience, TPITHTAUQKUH =
obedience, TPITHTOMMONNEET =
obey, obedient, TPITHTOMMUQ,
TPITHTOWWAUN,
NWOUNISTOUWAUH,
WTUPSETTOMMAUWAUNKUNNUK =
his obedience ,
WTOPSITTUMMUNNAUP = he obeyed
(Aupaumut)
NWOUWOONISTOUWONK,
WNISTUMMOQ,
ONSITTUMMUNNAUP = he obeyed,
NWOUWOONISTOUWAUNAUNUH,
NOONSITTÓUWAUNAUNUH = I obey
(Sergeant)
OBSERVE KNAUTAUSEEK (Aupaumut)
OF, TO AUT, QUEH, QUEWEH, WTOQQUEH,

WAUTQUEH (Aupaumut)

OFFEND KNÒCHPACHTAWEECHMÀ = offended,
KNÒCHPAGHTAAK (Passion of Christ)
OFFER, PRESENT WPAUTENNOMMUIO (Aupaumut)
OFFERING PLACE WAWANAQUASICK, MAWANAQUASICK =

used to refer to stone heaps in New York
and Massachusetts (Notes on Evidence)
WAWENUPISSICKE = a monument
(Woodbridge)
OH! OE, OI (Aupaumut)

OE (Sergeant & Edwards)
GAJEEE (Tschoop)
OIL USED AS MEDICINE WEESQUI (Aupaumut)
OLD KCHOISETUH, MKHOWOI (Aupaumut)

KCHEE = old man (Jenks)
KACHTSCHAI = old man, MACHOWE
(Schmick)
OMISSION UHHAWUSEHNAUMUK (Aupaumut)
ONCE NQUITTEH (Aupaumut)
ONE (number) PAUSKOO, PAUSKOOWOOW, PAUSQUUN,

PAUSKOWON, PAUSQUN (Aupaumut)
PAUSHKÓWEET = only one, PAUSHOOK,
PASHQUUN (Sergeant)
PASHUK (Heckewelder & Du Ponceau)
NGWITTOH (Edwards)
NGUTTE, GÚTTA, NGUTTÒ, PAASCHKON,
PAASCHKUN, PAÁSCHKUN,
PAÁSCHCO (Schmick)
PASÙKQUENAWÀ = as one, together,
PAASCHKO (Passion of Christ)
NQUIT (Jefferson)
ONE (person, who) AUM, AUWWAUN, OWWAUN (Aupaumut)

AUM (Sergeant)
AWAUN (Edwards)
AWAN (Schmick)
ONLY, ALONE NQUEHCHEH, NQUIHCHEH, HTAUW,

HTAUWEH (Aupaumut)
HTAUK (Sergeant)
E’NQUÉCHSCHE (Passion of Christ)
OPEN KTUWNUMMAUKUH = you open,

TOWWUNNUWWAUW = opens
(Aupaumut)
TOUWUNNOOP = opened, TOUWOON,
TOUWOONMOUWEAUK (Sergeant)
KTAUWENIMMEN = you have opened
(Schmick)
TATTAWECHNAHN = opened,
TÁPENOMMÓWÉEN (Passion of
Christ)
OR EEN, EENHUH, EANHUH, EEHUH

(Aupaumut)
EENHAAD (Passion of Christ)
EENHAH (Edwards)
EENHUH (Morse)
ORDER (noun) KENAUWEGHTAUN (Jenks)
ORDER (verb) ÁJOHÓNA = ordered,

KMACHMATUAMNECHNÀ = ordered
(Passion of Christ)
ORIGINAL PAUNQUEWEH (Aupaumut)
OTHER, ELSE KTUK, KTUKKUH = other, others,

KTUKKUK, KTUKKUN = others
(Aupaumut)
KTUK (Sergeant)
KTAK (Schmick)
KTÀK, KTÁKKA, TÁKKAK (Passion of

Christ)
OTTAWA TRIBE WETUWWAW (Aupaumut)
OUR NAUKUK, NAUKUH = his, our (Aupaumut)
OUTSIDE P’HÁGÀ (Schmick)
OWL MKHOOH-QUE-THOTH (Aupaumut)

MACHOÓKSIS (Schmick)
MHOC-SOS, MAHÓ-KA-SHÌSS = without
horns, TAGH-CO-NO-MAO = with
horns (Jefferson)
OWN NEHNEH, NENNEH = our own,

NEHNAUTUK = own, possess,
NEHHUNQUEHQ = his own,
NONNEH (Aupaumut)
NÓNEH, NIHNIH (Sergeant)
PAIN MOMMUKHHUHWAUNTOMWAUKUN
(see MISERABLE) (Aupaumut)
NMAMACHACHWAHNTAM (Schmick)
PARSNIP MUSHQUASH = wild parsnip (Sergeant)
PARTAKE WCHOI = partakes, WCHOIYEK = partake,

WCHOINAUNUH = he partakes,
WECHOINAUNUH = he partakes,
WECHAIHITTEET = partaking,
WECHOIKEEK = partakers,
WECHOIYUG = partaker,
WECHOIYUQNEH = partaker,
WECHOINAUWUN,
WECHEHNAUK = partake, enjoy
(Aupaumut)
PARTRIDGE PAH-PAH-COGH (Jefferson)
PARTS PAUPAUM’H (Morse)

PASS SEYAUW (Aupaumut)
PAST PKOCHEH (Aupaumut)

PKOTCHEH (Sergeant)
PAUCHIH (Morse)
PATCH, REPAIR MEESCHHÁGAN (Schmick)
PAY FOR PAIMOWÁH (Moravian Archives)
PEACE WNAUKOOTWAUKUN = his peace,

reconciliation, WNAUKOOTWEKHUN
= his peace (Aupaumut)
UNACATOWAGAN = peace (Moravian
Archives)
PEOPLE MÁCHANEKÈ (Passion of Christ)
PERFECT, GOOD AUPCHEEN (Aupaumut)

NGUMMAUWEH (Sergeant)
PERFORM OITAKHKHONNOHKIYUN (Aupaumut)

(see DO)
PERMITS UHNONNUH (Aupaumut)
PERISH TANNENAUNENUHTEET (Aupaumut)
PERSON AUNKOUWEHNAUCHEE,
(see IMAGE) AUNKOWWECHEEK = that person,
UNNOQUEH, UNNUQQUEH =
image, person, in person,
WTENKEEMQUITHTHEEM =
persons (Aupaumut)
PETITION WEENWUTHWAUKON,
(see ASK, PRAY) WEENWUTHWAUKONNUK,
WEENWUTHWAUKUNNUK,

KWEENWUTHTHEHNUH = you
petition, pray for, WETUHHAUMAUT =
he petitions, intercedes,
WETUHHAUTOWAUKUN =
petition, intercession (Aupaumut)
PHARISEES PHARISIAC (Aupaumut)
PIG, HOG KOOSKOSEHKOKE = swine (Aupaumut)

KOSHKOSH (Metoxen)
PIGEON PAH-WAH-HOM (Jefferson)
PIPE (for tobacco) MATTESSINS (Heckewelder)

MATTÁSSÈN = pipe of stone,
OTSCHOSAMMAWÀ = give me a pipe
of tobacco, (Schmick)
PITTSFIELD, MASS. PONTOOSUCK = place of falls (Bernard)
PLACE (noun) KKIYECHEEK = places, KOHKIYECHEEK =

places, KUHTAUWEH (Aupaumut)
KUHTAUWEH, KOHTAUWEH (Sergeant)
W’KECEGHTAUN (Jenks)
PLACE, PUT PAMÀCHKUSSOÀK = placed (Passion of Christ)
PLATE, DISH WAUNNAUCON = plate, dish, name of John

W. Quinney (WHS Collections)
ONÀGANISSAK (Passion of Christ)
PLEASE KONENOUWUHHAWN = you please,

WNENOUWUHKUK = please him,
gladden,
WAUWNENAUWUHHAUWUNNUH =
please him,
WAUWNENAUWUHHOIYUQ =
please him,
WAUWNENAUWUHHOIYUNNUH
(Aupaumut)

WAUWOONNENOUWUHHOIUKQ = please
him, WAUWOONNOIHIHTEET,
WAUWOONNENOUWUHHÒQKEEK,
WAUWOONNENOUWUHHAUWUNNUH,
WAUWOONNENOUWUHHOIYUNNUH,
WAUWOOUNEHKEH,
WNENOUWUHKUK = please him,
WNENOUWHUHHOONNAUNUH,
WNENOUWUHHOONAUK,
KÒNENOUWUHHAUNOQ = you please
him (Sergeant)
POOR KAT’MAKE = he is poor (Schmick)
POT, KETTLE HOS, HOOSS (Heckewelder)

HOOS (Schmick)
HOOSICK, N.Y. = at the kettle (Adams)
POTTAWATOMIE NATION POTAWATOMMEEW (Aupaumut)
POUR OSÒKNEMMEN = he poured (Schmick &

Passion of Christ)
POWER UNNOWOIWAUKUN, UNNOWOYICK,

WTONWOIWAUKUN = his power,
WTONWOIWAUKUNNUK = his
power, WTONWOIWAUNKUN = his
power, WTONWEHKAUQNAUP
(Aupaumut)
PRAISE, GLORIFY KMAUMOOTHPEHHAUNUH,

MAUMMOCHCHEMAWN = praise
him, MAUMOOSPENHAUNAUNUH,
MAUMOOTHPEHHAUNAUNUH,
MAUMOOTHPEHHAUT,
MAUMOOTHPEHHAUYUQ,
MOOTHPEHHAUMKUH,
MOOTHPEHHAUMKUP =
exaltation, glorification (Aupaumut)
NWAWWAUWAUNKÓMAWÚ = praise him,

WAUWAUWAUNKÒMMAUN,
WAUWAUNKÒMKIUN (Sergeant)
PRAY BAUPOHTOMMON,
(see PETITION) PAUPOHTOMMONNAUNUH,
PAUPOHTUMMOUWAWU,
MBAUPOHTUMMOUWAWU =
pray to him, WEENWUTHTHEHNUH,
KWEENWUTHTHEHNUH = you
pray for, petition, WEEUTHTHEHNUH
= he prays, petitions, probably a
misspelling (Aupaumut)
MBAUPOHTUMMOUWAWÚ = pray to him,
PAUPOHTUMMAUNAUK,
PAUPOHTUMMUK,
PAUPOHTUMMOUHTUH,
PAUPOHTUMMOUWAWÚ (Sergeant)
N’PÁPACHTAMAWAHN = I have prayed,
PAPACHTAMMAWÁU = prayed
PÁPACHTAMAWÓCHKQ,
PÁPACHTAMAWÀU = prayed,
PÁPOOHTAMÁN (Passion of Christ)
N’PAPACHTAMAWAN = I pray (Schmick)
PRAYER PAUPOHTOMMAUWAUKUN,
(see GOD) PAUPOHTOMMAUWWAUKONNUK
= prayers, KPAUPOHTOMMEHNUH,
PAUPAUPOHTOMMUQQUEH,
WPAUPOHTOMMAUWAUKONNUK =
his prayer,
WPAUPOHTOMMAUWAUKUN = his
prayer,
WTAUPAUPAUTOMMONNAUWAUN =
spoken prayers (Aupaumut)
PIOCHTAMAWAGAN (Tschoop)
PRESERVE KKHUNNUWWAUNAUT,
WKOHKKHONNOWWAUTOMMOOWNUH
= preserve, keep (Aupaumut)
NGUKHHUNNOUWAUNMOOKQKUH = he

keeps me (Sergeant)
PRESUMPTION MAUMCHEENWIHNAUKUIH =
presumptions (Morse)
PRETTY, BEAUTIFUL WAUNSEET (Sergeant)

WNISSOO (Edwards)
WUNITT (Heckewelder)
NONESÈ, ONESSÒ (Schmick)
WAUNSQUANT = handsome, good woman,
the Mohican name for John Sergeant’s
daughter, Harriet (Sergeant)
PREVENT, HINDER CHAUCHONNEHNAUK,

NUHNKHOWWOONQUQ =
hindering (Aupaumut)
CHAUCHIEKAWÚSECHEH (Sergeant)
NACHNECHAWONUK = he hinders me
(Schmick)
PRIEST, PREACHER POHPMITTOONHAUT,

PMOTTOONHAUMTEEN =
preaching (Aupaumut)
PACHPAMETONHAD (Schmick)
PAWWAW (Sergeant)
MÁCHAWÁWATÀK = high priest,
WAWÈCHTAÁTSCHEEK = priests,
MÁMAKE WÁWATAKEEK = high
priest, MÁMAKE WÁWATAKÈ = high
priest (Passion of Christ)
PRINCE WAIJAWAWEJAN (Moravian Archives)
PRISONER TÀHONÉCHÓMME = taken prisoner (Passion

of Christ)
PRIVATE KEMOWEH (Aupaumut)

PRODUCE WCHEKUN = it produces, bears,
WCHENOOWEH = it produces
(Aupaumut)
PROFANE, PROFANITY NONNEHNOWWEHTAUSOOW,

NUNNEHNOWWOTAUSEEK
(Aupaumut)
PROMISE WTENNIK (Aupaumut)
PROPHET UHHAUTOOHKAUT,
UHHAUTOOHKAUCHEEK =
prophets,
UHHAUTOOHKAUTPONNEKUK =
prophets,
UHHAUTOOPKAUTPONNEKUK =
prophets (Aupaumut)
PROPRIETY, DOMINION UNNOOWHKAUQUQ (Aupaumut)

UNNOWHKAUQUOH = have dominion over,
propriety (Morse)
PROSPERITY TAUPOIEWAUKUN (Aupaumut)
PROVIDE WNEHTAUN (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
PROVIDENCE WNUKHKHUWWAUNTOMWAUKUNNUK,
WNUKHKHUWWAUNTUMWAUKUN,
NKHOWWAUNTUKKUH (Aupaumut)
PULL OUT PAUTHNOOQQUK, PAUWTHNOQNOQUON,

PAUTHNOOQUN = cast out
(Aupaumut)
PURCHASE, BUY KEESTAUWAUTUP = purchased

(Aupaumut)
TATTAWAWÉ (Schmick)
TÁTTAWAH (Moravian Archives)
PURPOSE, COUNSEL KESETUHHAUT (Aupaumut)

ANNEHHOOTEMUK (Sergeant)
PUT, PLACE PNUMNUH (Aupaumut)

P’MÈCHKANAWANÁU = put on, dress
(Passion of Christ)
QUESTION QCHEMOENTUWAUKUN,
QUTCHEMONTUWAUNKUN
(Aupaumut)
QUCHTUMMOUWEEN (Sergeant)
KUTSCHEMONAWA = he asks them
(Schmick)
RABBIT WANG-PUNGTEQUÀS (Jefferson)
RACCOON PSHÒW (Jefferson)
RAIN SOGANNOHN (Ettwein)

SOGANAN = it is raining (Schmick)
SOKENÁK (Heckewelder)
SOKANAÀN (Jefferson)
SOOKANOUN (Barton)
THOCKNAUN (Jenks)
RAINBOW ANUQUAUN (Jenks)

MANÁKKOON (Schmick)
ANQUA-ÁAN (Jefferson)
RANSOM NANPTANTEON (Aupaumut)
READ UNNUKKETAUSOOW, HKEETHWAUKUN =

reading (Aupaumut)
ACHKETA = to read (Schmick)
READY KUHTAUKHEEK, KWAUSPEHNUH =

readiness, preparation (Aupaumut)
KESCHANACH, KESCHANACHKA = are you
ready? (Schmick)
ÁNEQUECHQUÈ (Passion of Christ)

REASON, PURPOSE ANNEHHOOTEMUK, UNNOIEMUK =
(see DECREE) reasons (Aupaumut)
ANNEHHOOTEMUK (Sergeant)
RECEIVE, GET KHUMQUITHTHOOW,

KOOTNOMNANNUH,
MAUSNIKKEEK, MAUSNUKKEEK,
MAUSNUMMUQ, MAUSNUMNEET,
MAUSSAUNNAUMKEH, MSENMAUK,
MSENMON, MSENMUQ,
MSENNAUMKEH, MSENNAUSEEK,
MSENNAUSOOW, MSENNIK,
WMISNIMNAU (Aupaumut)
MSHINMUNNEET, MSHAUNNAUK,
MSHAUNTUM, MSHINMEHTEET,
MSHINMIHTEET, MSHINMAUK
(Sergeant)
MESCHINNEMEN (Schmick)
RECOGNIZE, PERCEIVE ANENÁXEAN – the X is a German form

(Moravian Archives)
RECREATION, PLEASURES AUNHQUAUWOIKEH (Aupaumut)
RED MUHKWAUYOOH = animate, MUHKWAUYUK

= inanimate (Metoxen)
M’CHGAJÚ, MACHGAJÚ (Heckewelder)
MÉSCHAI (Passion of Christ)
MASCHÉCHGO (Schmick)
REDEEM PQUAUKHKENQUQ,
PQUAUKHKENTOWAUKUN =
redemption,
PQUAUKHKENTOWAUKUNNUK =
redemption,
PQUAUKQKENNEHAUNUH =
deliver, save (Aupaumut)
PQUAUKHKINTOOWAUNKUN,
PQUAUKHKINKIAUK,
PQUAWÙKHAUNEET (Sergeant)

REJOICE UNNUM (Aupaumut)
AUNOMMENAUT,
WTIHHONNOMMIHHOOQNUH =
rejoicing (Morse)
RELIGION PAUYUHTOMMOOQ = come to religion,

PEYUHTKEEK,
PEYUHTOMMAUWAUKUNNUK =
religion, gospel ,
PEYUHTOMMAUWEWEH =
religion, Christian,
PEYUHTOMMAUWEH =religious
(Aupaumut)
PEYUHTUMMOUWAUNKUN (Sergeant)
PEYUHTOMMAUWUKON (Edwards)
REMEMBER MAUMSAUTUH (Aupaumut)
RENEW WSKEHHOKIYUQ = he renews us (Aupaumut)

WASKIHOKA = to be renewed (Schmick)
REPENTANCE, TURN QNOPPOHQSOWAUKUN, QNOPPUHQSEET,

QNUPPOHQTHEENNAUWUUH,
QUAUNPEENNOWWAUMQUEHTEET
= converting, turning,
QUTOOQQUAUNIH = turn away
(Aupaumut)
REPROVE MEHKOOHKAUQHITTEET = be reproved,

MEHKOOMQUITHTHOOW = reproved
(Aupaumut)
REQUIRE DOOTMAUTEEN, DOOTMAUTEET =

(see DUTY) require, DOOTMOWWAUMUK =
required, NAUTOOTMOWWAUT =
require, NAUTOOTMAUKIYUQQUEH
= duties, KNOTTOOTMAUKONUH =
require (Aupaumut)

REST, PEACE (noun) WTAUNAUKHEMWAUKUN = his rest
(Aupaumut)
TANACHEME, ANACHEMEWÁGAN
(Schmick)
ÁNACHEMÉKQ (Passion of Christ)
REST (verb) AUNAUKHEEMWEH, AUNAUKHEEMEEN,

AUNAUKHEEMWAUKUNNOOW =
resting, AUNAUKHEMOPE = rested,
NHKAUNAUYUQ (Aupaumut)
AUNAUKHHEMEAUK (Sergeant)
ANACHEMEWÁGAN, ÁNACHÉMEN,
TANACHEME (Schmick)
RESTRAIN KAUKKAUNNAUT (Aupaumut)
RESURRECTION AUMEEMKUH, AUMETUH, AUMETUP,

AUMEHTETUH = raise up, resurrect
(Aupaumut)
RETAIN CHANNAWEHOOK = retained (Passion of

Christ)
REVEAL, SHOW KNAUWAUWENOQ, NAWUQUEWEH,

NAWUQUEWCH, NAWUQUNNUK =
revealed, NAWUQUONNAUTHOOW,
NAWUQUMNOWWAUTUP =
revealed, NAWUQUONKUH =
acknowledge, NAUQUEWEH,
NAUWEQUEEKHTAUNAUNUH,
NAUWQUNMAUQUQ = reveal, show
forth, WNAWNQUNMOWWAUTH =
he reveals (Aupaumut)
KNAUWAUWENOQ (Sergeant)
REVERENT WAUWEENNOWWEHTAUSEEK
(Aupaumut)
WAWINAWIHTASIKA = reverent use
(Schmick)

REWARD HPUNUNNOONKIYAUQ (Aupaumut)
HPONNOONTOWAUCON (Morse)
PENHÁMMEN (Moravian Archives)
RIDE NDOGHPEH = I ride (Edwards)
RIGHTEOUSNESS ONOIWAUKUN, WAUNOIKEEK =

righteous, WNOIWAUKON,
WNOIWAUKUN,
WNOIWNOIWAUKUN,
WNOIWAUKUNNUK,
WNOIYAUQUOH = righteous,
WNOIYUH = righteous,
WSAUKHKEH = righteous (Aupaumut)
WNOIEYAUK, WNOIHIHTEEQ,
WNOIHIHTEECH (Sergeant)
RISE NOHNAUMKUH = rise up (Aupaumut)

ÁHMEANÀ = rise up, PASÙKQUÉU = he rose
up, PASÙKQUÉKQ = get up, rise up,
PASÙKQUENAWÁ = rose up, JAMÉWAK,
DÁIJAMÈ, AJÀMÉPANÀ = has risen
(Passion of Christ)
RIVER SEEPOO (Metoxen)

SEPOO (Edwards & Long)
SEEPO (Du Ponceau)
SEPOO, T’SEPOO (Barton)
SEBOOS = creek, brook (Schmick)
SÉPU (Heckewelder)
SE-PÓ, MO-HAÏ-CAN (Jefferson)
THEPOW (Jenks)
ROAD, PATH, WAY AUNI (Aupaumut)

ÁNEI (Schmick)
ROD, SWITCH NEPÉSES = rods (Passion of Christ)

NEPESCHÀN = rods (Schmick)
ROLL (verb) UDÈTPEETSCH (Passion of Christ)

RUN NDINNEHNUH = I run to, NOCHEHNUH =
I run from (Edwards)
NPUMM’SÈ, N’PUMMSÈ = I run,
PUMMESSÓ = he runs (Schmick)
ÁINEHAMUK = run off (Passion of Christ)
RUN A RACE AU-NAUT-WAU-CHEH (Morse)
SAC (SAUK) NATION WETHAUKEEW (Aupaumut)
SACHEM WI-GOW-WAUW = Chief Sachem (Aupaumut)

(see KING)
SACRAMENT, ORDINANCE UHNONNUHKAUK, UHNONNUHKAUK,

UHNONNUHKAUMUK,
UHNUNNUHKAUMKEH = sacraments,
AUNONNUHKAUCHEE = sacraments
(Aupaumut)
SACRIFICE CAUPOHTOMMUN, WEHHEKAUMETUP =

sacrificed (Aupaumut)
KWEHEGAME = you sacrifice (Schmick)
SAINTS SAINTSUH (Aupaumut)
SALT SUHSWUKNOOHTANNEH (Aupaumut)

SASCHUAK (Schmick)
SAME, EQUAL AUNENAUQSEET, UNNENAUQSOOH,

AUNQUEHQ, NUNKUHNEH,
NUNKUHNON (Aupaumut)
ANE NAQUAT (Schmick)
SANCTIFY, REVERE KSEKHEHHOOTWAUKUN =

(see HOLY) sanctification, KSEHEHTAUSOOW ,
KSEKHEHTAUT, KSEKHEHTUWWEH
= make holy, sanctify (Aupaumut)
SAND NAUKAUWAUMQUT (Aupaumut)

NAUGOW (Metoxen)
NAÁGAÙ, NÁGAU (Schmick)
SARATOGA, N.Y. AMISSOHAENDIEK (Early Records Albany)
SATISFY TAUPEENNOWWUHTAUT,
TAUTAUPAUNTOMMUQ = contented,
satisfied, TAUTAUPEHNAUYUQ =
contentment (Aupaumut)
SAVE (see LIFE) PMAUWTHOOHHUH, PMAWUSOOHAUT,

PMAWUSOOHAUNGUUKQ,
PMAUSOOHHAUNTOWAUKUNNUK =
salvation, PMAUWTHOOW = salvation,
PMAWUSOOHHAUNTOWAUKUNNUK
= salvation,
POHPMAWUSOOHHAUMWAUK =
saving, WTAUWTHEET = he saves
(Aupaumut)
PUMMAWÚSOOHAUNGUUKQ = save us,
PUMMAWÚSOOHAUT = save, life
(Sergeant)
SAVIOR PAIJEMOWÁHNQUA (Passion of Christ)

PACHQUACHENQUAKUP (Schmick)
SAY, TELL ANNOIEH, ANNOIEYUH = he says,

AUNQUOH, UNNOIYEK = say,
let it be so, Amen, UNNOIYICK,
UNNOOQKUH = says, AUNQUAUN =
say to me, KETENNEN = say to you,
KTINNEHKAWUTHEH,
KTINNEN = say to you, WTENNAU =
saying, WTENNAUN = he said to him,
WTINNAUN = he said to him.
WEHTKUP, WEHTUMMIN = speak,
WEHTUMMOUWEEN = tell me, say,
KTINNOOHMUH = say to me,
WTENNAU = saying (Aupaumut)
KTINNETOHHUH, KTINNEH,

ANNOÌEYUWUNPUNOH,
AUNOIEHÍHTEET, ANNOIEYUH,
ANNOIEH, ANNOIEYAUK (Sergeant)
ANÉNAQUÀ = tell you, OTENNÀ = he said,
OTÉNNAHN = he said, OTÉNNA,
OTENNÁWÀ, OTÈNNAWAHN = they
spoke, OTÈNNAWÈHN = they said,
KTÉNNEN = say, AWÀK = cried, said,
KWÈCHTAMMEN, ENDÉNNAJIN,
ÁNEQUOKKÙP = said, OPANA = said,
KTENNÁNAMÉU, ODÈNNAWAHAAM
(Passion of Christ)
KTENNEN = I say to you, ANÈ, ANEKU = say
it to me, WECHTAMMAWEH (Schmick)
KTINNOIEEN (Edwards)
GTENNÒHOMME = say to you (Moravian
Archives)
WIHTOMMONNAUWOH = they declare
(Morse)
SCATTER MÁOWEETSCH = will scatter (Passion of Christ)
SCHAGHTICOKE, N.Y. Also SKATEKOOK = confluence of two rivers

(Sergeant)
SCISSORS KTACKCHÉGAN = your shears (Schmick)
SCHODACK, N.Y. SKOOTUCK (Mass. Archives)

MTHOO-TAUK = flat plain, meadow (Adams)
SEA, OCEAN KTUHNIPPEY (Aupaumut)

‘KTAUNNAUPPEH (Jenks)
GACHTAHEN, BISIS (Heckewelder)
SEAL (verb) KESEEKHTOWWAUMKEH (Aupaumut)

OSCHÀCHKNEMNÁWA = sealed (Passion of
Christ)
SEARCH, SEEK NAUTNIKKUP (Aupaumut)

SEAT ODÀCHPAPÓNICK (Passion of Christ)
SECRET NKEMIH (Morse)
SEE, LOOK KNAMMEWEH = you see, WNAUMNUH =

he sees, WNAUPTOMMUN,
WNEMAUTUH = he sees,
WNAUWAUWAUN, NAWWAUTUH,
PNOWWAUNAUWUH,
WAUPTOMMUN = you see, behold,
OINUTTUWWAUPYAUK = what we saw
(Aupaumut)
KNAMMEWEH = you see, WNAUMUNNUH =
he sees, PNOUWENAUNUH (Sergeant)
PENNAWA = I saw, PNAU = I examine (Tschoop)
KNAWAU, P’NAWE = look at me,
KMAWUPENAN = I will see you,
OPENÁUWAWÀ = look at (Schmick)
GNÁUNOCHMÀ = I see, KNÁUWECHMÀ =
you see, NÁUWÁU, NAWAHN = saw,
NÁUWAAP = I have seen, NÁWOCHTÉTA
= saw, see, PNÀUWÁTAU, ÓPENAWÁU =
look at, KNÁUWECHMÀHTSCH = will
see, NAHMHATTÉTA, UNÀWAWAHN =
saw (Passion of Christ)
SEEK GUHTTOW, NGUTTOW (Sergeant)

QUENAM (Schmick)
SEEM KSEÉCHMA (Passion of Christ & Schmick)
SEIZE ÓDÀCHWONAOWÀHN = seized (Passion of

(Christ)
SENSE (noun) NNOOHTKEH (Aupaumut)
SEPARATED WPEKAUK = he severed, separated (Aupaumut)
SERVANT ANÀCHKAKAN, ANÀCHKAKANÀK =

servants (Passion of Christ)

SERVE NDANNUHKUHTOUWAWU = serve him,
(see WORK) KTUNNUHKUHTOUWAUN
(Aupaumut)
NDANNUHKUHTOUWAWÙ = serve him,
ANNUNNUHKAUWAUK,
ANNUNNUHKIAUK,
AUNUHKUHTAUNQUUNNEEK,
ANNEHKUHTOUWAWÚ,
ANNUHKUHTAUNAUK,
AUNUHHUHKUHTEET (Sergeant)
SET UP WTUHTAUN, WTUHTAUWON,

WTUHTUWWAUH (Aupaumut)
WTUHTOWWAUN (Morse)
SEVEN TAUPOWWAUS (Aupaumut)

TUPOUWUS (Edwards & Du Ponceau)
TA-PAU-WAASCH, TAM-PA-WAUNSH
(Jefferson)
SEVERAL NUHNAUSKEWEH (Aupaumut)

(see AGAIN)
SHAKE KÓKTÒKQUAASCHSOÀK = shook their

heads (Passion of Christ)
SHAME MEKHONNITHWAUKUN (Aupaumut)
SHAPE, FORM KUHKEENNUWWOIKEH (Aupaumut)
SHARP GÉGAN (Schmick)
SHAWNEE NATION WESHAUWONNOOW = people of the south

(Aupaumut)
SHEEP MEMECKHCHAUK (Aupaumut)

MAMÁAKSUSSÀK (Passion of Christ)
MAMAKSIMSAK (Schmick)

SHIELD (noun) AUTHKETUCK (Jenks)
SHIRT HÁMMITT = a loan word from Dutch

“hemd” for “vest” (Heckewelder)
NTAHÁMED = my shirt (Schmick)
HÁMET = linen shirt, cloth (Passion of Christ)
SHOE MOKISIN, MUKSEN, MKITHNON

(Aupaumut)
MAUKISSUN (Metoxen)
MKISSIN (Edwards & Long)
MÁKSEN (Schmick)
MACHKESSÁN (Heckewelder)
SHOOT NIÀMPÁQUÈ = I shoot, KP’MÀ = you shoot

(Schmick)
SHOULDER IOTENNEMAGAN (Ettwein)
SHOW WAUWEHTOMMONNEET (Aupaumut)

WAUWIHTNOWAUN = they show,
WPONNOOTHNEKAUN = he shows
(Morse)
SICK THEQUUNNUHHOOKEEK = the afflicted

(Sergeant)
N’WENAMENSE = I am sick (Moravian
Archives)
SIDE (body part) WAPUCHQUANEK (Schmick)

WAPÙCHQUAN (Passion of Christ)
CAPÀ-CAYAN (Jefferson)
SIGHT (see IMAGE) AUNHQUAUPEET, AUNHQUAUPYUH =

in sight of (Aupaumut)
SIN KMUCHCHOIWAUKONNONNAUN = sins,

MCHOIWAUKUN, MEHOI,
MCHAIWAUKUN,
MCHAIWAUKUNKUH,

MCHAIWAUKUNNUK,
MCHOIWAUKONNON,
MCHOIWAUKUNNUK,
MCHOIYAUNAUKAUCH = if I am
wicked, MCHOIYOPONNEEK = sinning,
MCHOIYUH, NMUCHCHOI = wicked,
NMUCHCHEH = sinning,
WMUCHCHOIWAUKUN = his sin,
transgression, MUHMCHEH,
WMUCHCHOIEWAUKUNNOWUH =
his sins, MAUMCHOIKEEK = sinners, the
wicked, MAUMUCHOIEKEE = sinners,
MAUMUCHOIYUH, MAUMCHOIYUH =
sins, MAUMCHOIYUN,
MUHMCHEHUNNEHHOQUAUKEEK
= sinners, debtors,
KMUCHCHOIWAUKUNNINNAUK =
our sins,
KMUHCHIHAUNIHHONUN = offend,
curse, MUCHCHEEK, MUCHEH,
MUCHCHOIWAUKONNAUN = sins,
debts, MUHMCHEH,
PUHPUKHKEHKKEEK = breaker, sinner
(Aupaumut)
MAUMÚCHAIEAUK, MAUCHOIEK,
MOHMAHCHEHHAUNK,
MÚHCHAIEYUWAUNKUN,
MHCHOIEYUNNUH,
MAUMÚCHOIKECK,
MAUMÙCHOIEKEH = sinners,
MAUMÚCHOIEYUN, MÚCHEH = harm,
KMUCHCHOIYUNAUNKUNNINNAUN,
OMMUCHCHOONNOOHHANNUH,
NMUCHCHEH, NMUCHCHEEK
(Sergeant)
MATSCHAI (Schmick)
MUCHTSCHÁI = sins,
KATMAAKSETSCHEEK = sinners
(Moravian Archives)
MCHOIWAUCONNUK (Morse)

MATSCHWAGANAN,
MATSCHÁIWAGANÀN = sins,
KAT’MAHSCHÉTSCHEEK = sinners
(Passion of Christ)
MUMACHOIEAUKEH (Edwards)
SING NACHGOCHEMA = I sing (Schmick)

NACHKOOCHEMATÉTA = they sang
(Passion of Christ)
SING-SING, N.Y. SIN-SUNG = rocky place (Adams)
SISTER NMASE, NMEES = elder sister (Edwards)

CHESEM = younger sister or brother
(Du Ponceau & Schmick)
N’CHESUM = my sister (Heckewelder)
NEETAUMPSOH = my sister (Barton)
WEETAUMPTHOOÁN = his sister (Jenks &
Du Ponceau)
GESCHEMUSCHAK = my sisters (Tschoop)
JÉSCHEMUSCHÀK = sisters (Moravian
Archives)
MEES = older sister (Ettwein & Schmick)
NMEES = elder sister (Long)
NI-TÀ-PA-SU, NA-TOM-BASÓ,
NA-TOM-PAIOH (Jefferson)
SIT WTUQHPEET (Aupaumut)

MATTIPEH = sit down (Edwards & Long)
MATACHPÈ, MATTAPPÈ = sit down
(Schmick)
MATTAPOAAK = sit down, MÁTTAPPÉKQ =
sit down, MATÁPPE = sit,
ANIMONATTAPPEEN = he sat down
(Passion of Christ)
SIX NQUITTAUS, NQUATTAUS, NQUOTTAUS

(Aupaumut)
NGWITTUS (Edwards & Jenks)
GUTTAASCH (Schmick)

NQÙT-TAASCH, N-CO-TAUNSH
(Jefferson)
SKIN UCHDACHCHEYÍN, CH’DACHEYIN

(Heckewelder)
CHAI, CHEI (Schmick)
TACHEI (Ettwein)
K-HAÏ, OK-HAÏ (Jefferson)
SKUNK (pole cat) SCHONK-SWISS (Jefferson)
SKY (see HEAVEN) PAUMUHKUMMAUWENIYEEK (Aupaumut)

ONAUWAUK (Jenks)
PAUMUHHOMMAUWENOIEKE (Morse)
MA-TÀGHQUE (Jefferson)
SLEEP KAUWYAUNEH, KAWWENAUK (Aupaumut)

GAWÓHNDOWÀK = they were asleep, GAWÈ,
GAWÒHNDÓWÀK, GAWÒHNDEEKQ
(Passion of Christ)
NGAWÈ = I sleep, KAWÈ = you sleep (Schmick)
GAWÍGAK = sleep (Moravian Archives)
SMALL, LITTLE TSCHAAKSCHISÍK (Heckewelder)

TSCHACHKEWESCHE, TSCHAXESCHAK
(Schmick)
CHAK-SHA-SHA (Jefferson)
SMOKE QUUSAUTAUWOW (Jenks)

KSCHACHTEU (Heckewelder)
XSCHÀCHTAU = it is smoke (Schmick)
CUSHATÄO (Jefferson)
SNAKE WKHKOKON, UKHKOKPECK = snake

water, as in Copake, N.Y.
UKHKOKUNAUKHUMMOWAT =
give a snake (Aupaumut)
MAUSKUFEEHAUNK = great snake place,
as in Rattlesnake Mountain, Stockbridge,
Mass. (Indian deed)

ACH-GÒOK, KA-COKH, HA-CÒKH
(Jefferson)
SNOW WACHSCHANÍ (Heckewelder)

WASHANÀ (Jefferson)
PACHAN (Ettwein)
PSAUNE (Barton)
M’SAUNEEH (Jenks)
PECHAAN, P’CHAN (Schmick)
SNUFF SNUP = loan word from English (Schmick)
SOME NAUNNQUOTTEH, NAUNQUETTEH

(Aupaumut)
SON WTIOMUN, WTIOMON, WTIYOMON,

WTOMUN = his son, WTIOMUH = his
sons, WTIYOMIN = his son, WTIYOMON
= his son, KTIOM = your son (Aupaumut)
WTIOMUN = his son (Sergeant) W’TIYOUMÁN
(Jenks)
WACKTAJOM (Moravian Archives) N’DAJÓM =
my son (Heckewelder)
N-TAI-OAM, WA-TA-IO-MÈ-MUC (Jefferson)
OTÁIJOMAN = his son, OTAJOHMA,
ÓTAJOHMÀN, OTAIJOMA, KTAJÒHN
(Passion of Christ)
OTAIJÓMA = his son, NTAJOM = my son
(Schmick)
SOON ÉNE = soon, at once (Passion of Christ)
SORRY NSHEWAUNTUM = I am sorry, I repent, I

grieve (Aupaumut)
NSHEWAUNTUM (Sergeant)
SCHÉWAHNDAM = sorrowful (Passion of
Christ)
SCHEWAHNDAM = sad, sorrowful (Schmick)
SOUR SCHWANN (Heckewelder)

SOUTH SCHAWANNAK (Heckewelder)
SPEAK DINAUPTONAUN, NONAUMUH,

(see WORD, SAY) WEHTUMMIN (Aupaumut)
NONAUMUH (Sergeant)
WÁUNAAPTONAMÀ = spoke,
AHNTOHNHÁIJÈ = have spoken,
ANNÁTA = spoke, ÁNIAN = say,
ANEKÚN = said, AAPTONÁU = he
spoke, ÁINÁAPTONAAT = he spoke
(Passion of Christ)
UDENAAPTONAN = he speaks, APTONAU =
he speaks, KTAPTONA = you speak,
AHAAPTONAWUNÀ = he has spoken (Schmick)
SPEAR IKUTTEKUN (Aupaumut)

ASCHAWACHKHÉGANÀ = with a spear
(Schmick)
ASCHAWÀCHKEGANÀ = spears (Passion of
Christ)
SPILL, SHED SOOKUHNAUNKOOP (Sergeant)

SÓKHHANAAP, SOKANATOOP (Schmick)
SOKACHNÀHK (Passion of Christ)
SPIRIT, GHOST, SOUL KCHICHCHUHQNAUK, KCHIHCHUHQ,

KCHICHCHUHYNAUK = spirit,
your soul, WCHICHCHUHQUEEN,
WCHICHOHKOO,
WCHICHQUENAUK,
WCHICHCHUHQWAU = spirits,
WCHICHCHUHQUN,
WCHICHCHOHQUN,
WCHICHCHOHQUEWEH,
WCHICHCHOHQUUN = his spirit,
WCHICHUHQUK = his spirit,
WCHECHUKKOOW,
WCHEHCHUHQUN,
WEHICHCHOHQUN,

WHCICHCHUHQUENUH = probably
a misspelling, NICHOIEHTEET = souls,
NCHICHCHUHQ = my soul,
NCIHCHUHQUOHK = my soul,
NCHICHCHOHQUN = my soul,
NEHIEHHUHQ = my soul, WAUNTHUT
MENNITOOW = Great and Good Spirit,
MTON-TOOW = wicked spirit
(Aupaumut)
KCHICHCHOHQ, NCHICHCHOHKOO,
KCHICHCHOHQ, KCHÚHCHOCHQ,
KCHCHIHOHAQ, NICHOICHTEET =
souls, WCHICHCHCHOHQUUN,
WCHICHCHOHQUENAUKANNEH,
WCHICHHOHQWAUH,
NCHICHCHOHQUUNNAUNK,
NEHICHCHOH = my soul,
KCHICHOHQNGUMMAUWEH,
NCHICHCHOHQUUNNAUK,
KEHICHEHOH, WCHIHCHOHQUUN
NCHICHCHOHQUUN = my soul
(Sergeant)
MANNITO (Edwards)
NIANTSCHITSCHÀCHKQ = my soul (Passion
of Christ)
WATSCHITSCHACHQUAJACKQ,
WCHUCHCHUHQUEEN (Morse)
WATSCHITSCHÀCHQUAJÀCKQ,
TSCHITSCHACHKONANAU,
OTSCHITSCHAQUA (Schmick)
TSCHISSCHAAK (Heckewelder)
JSHEEPY (Metoxen)
SPIT USÈSCOMAWÀ, UZÈSCOMAWÀ – incorrect

use of Z (Passion of Christ)
OSISSEGOMÁWA = they spat (Schmick)
SPLIT PAPASECHNAHN = split apart (Passion of

Christ)

SPRING (season) SHAQUÁN, SÈ-QUON (Jefferson)
THEQUAN (Jenks)
SPRING (water) TWACHQ (Heckewelder)

T’WÀCHK (Schmick)
SQUASH WHNUNNEKUTHKOATKUN = Indian

Squash (MHS Collections)
SQUIRREL M-SAIJO, MOW-CK-KEY, ANÀKOSHÌSH

= ground squirrel, PÀC-CAN-NÀ-QUO
= flying squirrel (Jefferson)
STAND PÁHSUKQUÉU = stood up (Passion of Christ)
STAR ANAUQUAUTH (Jenks)

ANAKUS (Heckewelder & Du Ponceau)
ANAKUSSAK = stars (Heckewelder)
ANAHUSAK = stars ( Ettwein)
ANÀKUSÀC (Jefferson)
ANOCKSUK (Barton)
STAY NANNÒAJEKQ, NÁNNEAJÈ = stay here

(Passion of Christ)
STEAL KMOOTHUN = you steal (Aupaumut)

KMOOTIN (Sergeant)
KMOOT (Schmick)
ODENNOOCHTÀNAWA (Passion of Christ)
STICK (noun) MATÓKQUAN = sticks, staves (Passion of

Christ)
STINK MACHTSCHÉMAQUÀT = it smells bad,

MÄTSCHÀMMAKWAT = it stinks or
smells evil (Schmick)
STOCKBRIDGE, MASS. WUNNUGHQTOKOKE,

WUNNUKKTOOKOKE (Aupaumut)
WONNAHKATUKOKE (Panoplist)

ANNAHKUTOOK (Massachusetts Archives)
WNOGQUETOOKOKE = bend of the river
(Edwards)
STOMACH WENOCHHACKGU (Büttner)
STONE, ROCK KTHON (Aupaumut)

OSSUN (Metoxen)
ASSUN (Ettwein)
ASSÍNN, ACHSINN (Heckewelder)
AHZÈN – the Z’s are incorrect, NÈZÈN,
ASCÈNNAN = rocks (Passion of Christ)
SUN, SUNNON = stones, MAGOHSONNON
= great heap of stones,
SUNNUNNAUMAUKEH = heap of
stones, SENNAMACHKIN = large
heap of stones (Woodbridge)
MAGHHOCK SUNNUN = heap of stones
(Duane)
CHECAWEKE = little heap of stones
(Woodbridge)
SUN (Van Valkenburgh)
SIN-SUNG = rocky place (Adams)
OSIN-SINK = place of stones, as in
Ossining, N.Y. (Metoxen)
THAUNAUMKU (Jenks)
STOP EYUHQUAUYOOQ, EYUHQUEH,

EIUHTAUQ (Aupaumut)
EIUHTAU (Sergeant)
ÁCHQUE, ACHQU (Schmick)
STRAIGHT SAUKHKEH, SAUKHKEKHUCH =

straight, right, SAUKOKHHAUK =
certainly, TAUKEEKSKEKUT
WSAUKHKEH = righteous (Aupaumut)
SCHACHACHGAJIK (Heckewelder)
STRANGER PEENWOY (Aupaumut)

STRENGTH KTUHWAUPAUWAUKUNNONNAUK =
thy strength,
WAUTUHWAUPAUWEHTECHEH =
will be strengthened, nourished
(Aupaumut)
ODÀSSANEHAAN = strengthened him
(Passion of Christ)
SHANNAWE = strong (Morvian Archives)
DUHWAUPAWCON, UHWAUPAUWEET =
strong, effectual (Morse)
STRONG UHWAUPAUWEET = strong, effectual

(see EFFECTUAL) (Aupaumut)
STUPID, DUMB CHAUNIWEET (Aupaumut)

TSCHANNEIUWE (Schmick)
SUBDUE WUHQUHKAUQUQ = subdue us (Aupaumut)
SUBMIT UNNUQNITHYUQ (Aupaumut)
SUDDENLY TIYUCHCHEEW (Aupaumut)
SUFFER THAUTHIKEH, THAUTHIYUKEH,

(see MISERABLE) THOIKOIUSUH, THOIEKOIKUP =
suffered (Aupaumut)
MUMMUKHHUHWAUNTUMMENAUSUH =
feel misery (Sergeant)
SUMMER NEPON (Jenks)

NIPÉN (Heckewelder)
NEEPUN, NIPEN (Barton)
NAPÚN, NÈ-PEN (Jefferson)
SUN KEESHOGH (Edwards, Jenks,

Long, Du Ponceau, Barton)
KEESHOH (Metoxen)
GISCHÔCH (Heckewelder)
GESHOCH (Ettwein)
GI-SCHUCH, KAJÓ (Jefferson)

SUPERIOR, MORE THAN NOTAUWEH (Aupaumut)
SUPPER KTENNAUQUEPETUP, KTONNAUQUEPETUP

(Aupaumut)
ONAQUEPEHN (Schmick)
SUPPORT, MAINTAIN CHETONAUTHEEK (Aupaumut)
SURE, CERTAINLY WAUWECHEKHUN (Morse)

MUCHTSCH = truly, very, certainly, surely
MÚCHTSCHE (Schmick)
MÚCHTSCHEED (Passion of Christ)
SURRENDER NMAUKENNUH = I give way, surrender

(Aupaumut)
SWEAT NTAPPAJUWECHNÀ = I sweat (Schmick)

OTA’PPAJÒHM = sweat (Passion of Christ)
SWEET WEEKCHAUPOQUOT (Aupaumut)

SHOOKKÚTEPOOQUOHK (Sergeant)
WICÁN (Heckewelder)
KÓNAIWÁGAN = sweetness (Schmick)
SOOKTEPOOKTUH = sweet, honey (Morse)
SWORD QUENNEHTUHHECUN = long cut

(Aupaumut)
TABLE AACHTANEPÉMICK, AACHTANEPÉMIK

(Passion of Christ)
TAKE NÁTENÒCHQ, ONÁTENAHN = he took ,

NÁTENÀ, NÀHTSCH, NAHM, NÁTEM,
KNÀTENIMNÁWÀ = take away,
ONÒTENIMMÓWÚN, ONÀTENAHN =
took, ÓTENNÒCHANNAWÀHN = they
took, AWANÓCHKQ = take him,
ODÀWANAWAHN = they took (Passion
of Christ)

NÁTENIMMEN, NÁTENE, KNATENIM = you
take (Schmick)
NEECHNAWAK = take down,
NEECHNÈMMOWÙN = take away,
remove, ONEECHNIMNÁWA = took
(Passion of Christ)
TAKE UP WTOKHHEYUNNUH = he takes up

(Aupaumut & Sergeant)
TALL PEHTUHQUISSO, KPEHTUHQUISSEH =

you are tall, KPEHTUHQUISSEHMUH
= ye are tall, NPEHTUHQUISSEH = I am
tall, PEHTUHQUISSEECHEEK = the
tall men, PEHTUHQUISSEET = the man
who is tall, PEHTUHQUISSOO = he is
tall, PEHTUHQUISSOOUK = they are
tall (Edwards)
TARGET, MARK WEESHÉCAN (Schmick)
TASTE QTAHTOMMONNUH (Aupaumut)

WEGACHTAMMEN (Schmick)
TEACH KHUKKEEMQUOHKEH,
(see COMMANDMENT) KKOHKEEMQUONNAUNUH,
KKOHKEEMQUNNAUNUH,
KKOHKOOT, KKUHKOTOM,
KKUHKOOTKEH = teaching,
KKUHKOOKHTAUT,
WKOHKUHKEEMAU = he taught,
KKOHKEEMKONOQ = you teach us
(Aupaumut)
KKOHKEEMKÓNÒQ = you teach us,
KKOHKEMEYAUK,
KKOHKEEMKIAUK,
KKOHKEEMQUAUK,
KKOHKEEMQUAUKEH,
KKOHKEEMKTAUK (Sergeant)

PAACHWECHCAWATOWÁGAN =
teaching, GAGACHGEMA,
GAGACHGÉMEN = I will teach you
(Schmick)
PAACHWECHGAWAWEEN = teaching,
KAKACHKÈMÁJANEEK = teaching,
ÁNAKÀCHKÓTEMÀ = teach (Passion of
Christ)
TEAR, REND NOOKKEEPHOKOWAUK (Aupaumut)

ODÁTTANÀKNEMMÈN (Passion of Christ)
TELL WNITHTOMMEHNUH = tell you,

WAUWEHTOMMAUNAUQUEHAUM =
if I have told you (Aupaumut)
ANÈNAQUÀ, ANÈNNENAWÀ = told,
ANÈNANÀ (Passion of Christ)
TEMPTATION QCHEHHOKAUWUQ = tempted,

QCHEHOOTWAUKUNNUK,
QQUAUCHEHHOKIYUQQUH =
tempted (Aupaumut)
NOTAMOOK (Passion of Christ)
TEN DONNIT, DONNET, DUNNET, DUNNIT

(Aupaumut)
MTANNIT (Edwards & Jenks)
M-TÀN-NET, N-DA-NÉT (Jefferson)
TESTAMENT NAUKKTOHMAUTEEMUK,
NAUKKTOHMAUTEMUK (Aupaumut)
ANÀKSTOWÁGAN (Passion of Christ)
TESTIFY KKENOUWEHNAUNK,
KKEENNOWWEENNOMMEHTEET,
KKEENNOONHTHEMUK = testimony,
KKEENNOWWEHTIYUQ = testimony,
WTAUPTONAUWAUKUN = his
testimony, word (Aupaumut)
KKENOUWEHNAUNK (Sergeant)

THANKS WTAUKOMAUYUQ = thankful (Aupaumut)
ANNISHSHEEK, ANNISHSHEH,
ANNITHSHEH, SANNISHSHEH
(Sergeant)
ONÉOWE (Schmick)
ONEWE (Tschoop)
WNEEWEH = I thank you (Edwards & Long)
THE, THAT, THOSE NIK, NEH, NUH, NOOK, NOOH, NE, NUK,
NEE, HUCH, HUHCH, NICH,
NICHNAUP, NOEK, NICHOIEHTEET =
that is, NOKE, NOOHHUH, NOOHUN,
NOONUNNOIYAW = these be
(Aupaumut)
NE, NÚH, NÉH, NEEK (Sergeant)
NEEK = these, those (Schmick)
NEEN, NAHK’MA = to them, NOON,
NAHK’MÁWA = to them, WÁTSCHE =
that (Passion of Christ)
NONAK = these (Heckewelder)
NEHK (Moravian Archives)
THEN KAUM, KNEECH, KOCHEEH, KUHNUH

(Aupaumut)
KAUM, KOCHEH, KUHNUH (Sergeant)
IHÁK, IHÀ, IHANNÈ (Passion of Christ)
THEREFORE, THEN KOCHEH, NIHWAUCH (Aupaumut)

KOCHEH (Sergeant)
THERE KOHCHEH (Aupaumut)
THEY IYONHEAW, IYONHEEW, NEEKKUH

(Aupaumut)
THIGH PO-O-MÁN (Jefferson)
THINGS OHQUOIKEH, UHQUOIKEH = creatures,

bodies, things, QUAKI = thing
(Aupaumut)
OHQUOIEKEH, OHQUAUEKEH,
OQUOIEKEH (Sergeant)
THINK UNNETUHHUHHAUQ (Aupaumut)

ANÈTAHÁU = he thinks, ANETAHÁWAK =
they think, NTENÈTÁHA = I think
(Schmick)
ANÈTAHÁTAMEN = thought,
KTENÈTAHAMÀ = you think,
ÁNETAHAAD, MESCHÁNEMÀ =
think of me (Passion of Christ)
THIRSTY KAUTOOTHMOWAUTKUT (Aupaumut)

GATTOSOME (Tschoop)
GATOSOME, NGATTÓSOME = I am thirsty
(Schmick)
GTOSOMEJÀH (Moravian Archives)
THIS NUNNEH (Aupaumut)

NÈN (Passion of Christ)
THOSE, THESE NEEK, NEECH, NIK, NICH, NECKKNH,

NEEN, NIKAUM = those who,
NEENKUH, NECHOWWAUN = those
who, NECKKNH, NEEKCHEH = they
will, NEEKCHEHNEH = they will,
NEENCHEH = those will, NIKKAUCH
those shall, NUHTAUN = those, that
which, NUHTAUNOWWAUN = those
who (Aupaumut)
NEEK, NEEN (Sergeant)
NONAK (Heckewelder)
NEEK (Schmick & Edwards)
THOUGHTS IINNETUHHAUN = bad thoughts,

IYAUTTKETUHHAUWAUKUNNON =

clean thoughts,
UNNETUHHAUWAUKONNUK =
thoughts (Aupaumut)
AINETAHAN = thought (Tschoop)
ÁNETAHAAD = he thinks (Passion of Christ)
NTENÈTÁHA = I think, I thought,
ANETAHÁWAK = they thought,
ANETAHÁU = he thought (Schmick)
ANETAUHAUWONGHON, ANNETAHHAUN
(Edwards)
THREE NAUKHKEEMQUOHK, NKHAUNNOIKEEK

NKHEWEH, NKHOOQNEWEH = third
day (Aupaumut)
NACHA, NECHEK (Schmick)
NACHÀNNÀ = third time,
NACHCHÀNTSCHE = three times,
NACHCHÓKENÀK = third,
NACHCHÓKENAKKÁKÀ = third day
(Passion of Christ)
NOGHHOH (Edwards)
NAKHHAK (Du Ponceau)
NUS (Jefferson)
THROAT GUTTAGAN (Ettwein)
THROUGH KOOHNOWWEH (Aupaumut0

AUSOKHAUN (Morse)
THUNDER PAUTQUAUHAN (Jenks)

PATAQUAHÒN (Jefferson)
TIME KENAUWEWENOQUICQ,
NEENOQUICQ = of time (Jenks)
MAJÁNAPOWÁGAN, T’PESKAWECHNÁU
(Schmick)
T’PISGAWECHNÁU (Passion of Christ)
TIRED N’SCHEWOCHSANNÈ = I am tired

(Schmick)

TO ANNEH, UNNEH, HUNNEH (Aupaumut)
ANNEH, NUH (Sergeant)
ÁNE, ANÈ (Schmick)
ANÈ (Passion of Christ)
TODAY NONO = now (Aupaumut)

(see DAY) NÓNO, NONO WACHGAMAK (Schmick)
CÁJOWÁNCAMÁC (Jefferson)
TOE N’SET (Ettwein)

NOCHK-SÉ-CAN (Jefferson)
TOGETHER TOHTÚQUEWEH (Sergeant)

TOHTQUEWIH (Morse)
PASÙKQUENAWÀ = as one, together
(Passion of Christ)
TOMORROW WUPKOH, WUPKAUCH (Edwards)

WÁPACHCA, WAPACHGAATSCH (Schmick)
WAMPOKAH (Jefferson)
TONGUE WEENANNUH (Barton)

WNANNE, WENANNE (Ettwein)
WINANNOWIN, NEENANNUH = my tongue
(Du Ponceau)
WENANÓWÍN, WINANNOWIN
(Heckewelder)
CA-NANNÒ (Jefferson)
TOO (MUCH) WSAUM (Aupaumut)

OSAME (Schmick)
TOOTH WEPEETON = tooth, his teeth (Edwards, Du

Ponceau & Long)
WEEPEETAN, OUIPITAN (Barton)
WEPITÍN (Heckewelder)
CATÒMPATÀN, [W]E-PIT (Jefferson)
TOP, OVER WAUSEKEWEH = on top, over (Aupaumut)

WAUSEKEH (Sergeant)
TORCH WÀSNANEMAAK = torches (Passion of

Christ)
WAHS’NANÉGAN = light (Schmick)
TOUCH UKÙTTANIMMÈN (Schmick)

KÓTENOMÓUN (Passion of Christ)
TRAMPLE WTOIKPONKAUNAUWAUN (Aupaumut)
TRANSGRESSION PUKHKEHKAUSEKUH = transgression,

breaking, PUKHKUKPANNEEK =
transgressors, breakers, PUKHKUK =
break, PUHPUKHKEHKKEEK =
breaker, sinner (Aupaumut)
PUKHKÙMUKPANNEH = had broken the law
(Sergeant)
PACHKENIMMEN = break off (Schmick)
TREE (see WOOD) MTOOQ, MTOQUN (Aupaumut)

MITTUK, MITTOOK (Metoxen)
MACHTOK, MACHTOCKU = in a tree
(Schmick)
MAH-TUC, MAGH-HA-CHUNGH,
SHTUNG-QUÄUM = pine tree
(Jefferson)
TREMBLE NAUNNIKKEHNAUT = trembler (Aupaumut)

NEKÈCHNÁU = trembled, shook, quaked,
NEKÈCHNÁU AHHKI = earthquake
(Passion of Christ)
TROD UPON OIHPONKAUMUK (Aupaumut)
TRUE MIYAUWEH, MAUYAUWEH,

MIYAUWWAUCHEH = truly,
WNAUMAUCH = sincere, true
(Aupaumut)
MÍAUWEH (Sergeant)

NENÁJU, KAHANE, KÁHANNA = truly
(Schmick)
N’HANICHK (Heckewelder)
GAHANE (Tschoop)
MÚCHTSCHE, = truly, surely, certainly,
KAHÉNNE = truly (Passion of Christ)
MUCHTSCHE (Moravian Archives)
CONUTTUH (Morse)
WAH-WUH-NUH-MAHT = this true man
(Adams)
WAH-NUH-WAH-MEET = very true man,
name for Rev. Jesse Miner (Davidson)
TRUST KTAUPEHNKAUNOOQ = you trust,

NHKAUTUMMAUNUH = I trust
(Aupaumut)
NHKAUNTUMMAUNUH = I trust (Sergeant)
TRUTH ONAUMAUWAUKUN,
WNAUMAUWAUKUN, WNAUMAUCH
= sincere, true,
SAUSAUKHKONNOHKAUT
(Aupaumut)
ANNUMMENAUWAUNKUN (Sergeant)
WNAUMAUWAUCONNOWON = his
judgements (Morse)
TRY, ENDEAVOR QCHOIYEK (Aupaumut)

KTATTACHGA = try it, taste it (Schmick)
TUB TÒPSCHÉSEK (Passion of Christ)
TURKEY TOONPAOOH (Barton)
TURN UDENNIKKUNEPPEEN = turned (Passion of

Christ)
UDENNÌKUNEPPEEN = turned around,
KUNÈPPENÈ = turn around (Schmick)
TURN ABOUT KPITQUEHTAUKOWAUK (Aupaumut)

TWELVE NISCHANKAU (Jenks)
NÉSCHA NACHKÀ (Ettwein & Schmick)
NA-SHÀH-NA-CAÙGH, NI-SCHA-NKAU
(Jefferson)
TWO NEESHKEEMQUOHK, NEESHKEEMQUOH,

NHEEWAUM = second time ,
NEETHKTAUNNUMMOWAUKUN =
the second one ? (Aupaumut)
NEESOH (Edwards)
NESCHE, NESCHACH, NESCHÓAKNAK =
two days (Schmick)
NESCHWAK (Tschoop)
NÉES (Jefferson)
NISSAKÈ, NÉSCHOWÀK, NÉSCHENTSCHE
= twice (Passion of Christ)
UGLY MACHTITT (Heckewelder)

MTISSOO = he is homely, MTIT = good for
nothing (Edwards)
UNABLE, CANNOT NAUMON (Aupaumut)
UNCLE OOSETHÁN (Jenks)

NSEES = my uncle (Long & Edwards)
NSASE = my uncle on mother’s side,
NUCHEHQUE = my uncle on father’s side
(Edwards)
WÁCHESA (Schmick)
UNDER, BELOW AUQUEWEH (Aupaumut)
UNDERGO WTOIYUMMUTTUMMONNAUPONNEH =
he underwent, WTOMTOMNAUP = he
underwent (Aupaumut)
UNDERSTAND NOOHTOMMONNUH (Morse)

KNENÓCHTANÒ = understand you (Schmick)
KNENÒCHTANÒ = I understand (Passion of

Christ)
UNITE NQUITTEHHOQUNNAUNUH = unite us,

(see ONCE) UNNEEKHKUH = united (Aupaumut)
UNLESS, EXCEPT HCHIMMAUN, KCHEMMAU,

KCHEMAUNAUM
(Aupaumut)
UNTIL TOHTPAUPEH, TUH PAUCHEH,

TUHCHEH PAUCHEH (Aupaumut)
SACHKÈ, SÀCHKE, PAATSCHÈ = before, in
front, until (Passion of Christ)
SACHKE (Moravian Archives)
UNTO PSIHKAUCH (Morse)
UNWORTHY NONNUHKAUTOKHOHTEEQ (Aupaumut)
UPON, IN UNNAUP (Aupaumut)
UPRIGHT NONOI = be upright (Morse)
USE EHHOWWOHHAUN = make use of,

OWWUHHIYUQ (Aupaumut)
USUAL, ORDINARY NQUMMAWU (Aupaumut)
VALLEY PASAJIK (Heckewelder)
VERILY HTHONNEWEH, HTHUNNEWEH

(Aupaumut)
VERY KACHNÈ (Passion of Christ)

KAHNUH (Edwards)
VINEGAR EHK (Passion of Christ)
VIOLIN PIONHAMÀ = you play (the violin),

PIONHAMÁU = he plays, possibly

from the Dutch “viool.” (Schmick)
VIRTUE WAUWAUKKONNUK, MENOONSQUOH =

virtuous woman, name given to Abigail,
John Sergeant’s daughter (Aupaumut)
VOICE AUTONNIH (Morse)

KÁCHNACHÀ (Passion of Christ)
KÀCHNA (Schmick)
TONAÙ (Moravian Archives)
WALK PUMISSEH = walk, go, NDINNOGHOH = I

walk to, PUMISSO = he walks,
PUMISSOOUK = they walk,
KPUMSEH = you walk,
KPUMSEHMUH = ye walk,
NPUMSEH = I walk, NPUMSEHNUH =
we walk, NOTOGHOGH = I walk from,
PAUMSE-AN = thou walking,
PAUMSEAUK = we walking,
PAUMSEAUQUE = ye walking,
PAUMSEECHEEK = they walking,
they who walk, PAUMSEET = the man
who walks, PAUMSEET = he walking,
PAUMSE-UH = I walking (Edwards)
PUMISSEH (Long)
POMSE = I am going (Schmick)
WAMPUM NUNNCHTKCHK, SQUAU-THO-WON =

belts of wampum (Aupaumut)
NUNNEHTTUHUH, NUNNEHTHHEH
(Foster-Clements Papers)
WANT GÁTTAWÈ, GATTÀU (Passion of Christ)
WAR AIOTEEN (Ettwein)

(see FIGHT) OIOTEET = he who fights (Edwards)
WAR CLUB PUHWY (Aupaumut)

WARM APPESSÈ, APPEEN (Schmick)
APÉSSEEN (Passion of Christ)
WARN EHHOMMAUMQUOHTHEEN = he is warned

(Morse)
WARRIOR, SOLDIER WÀCHPASCHÉSAK = soldiers,

WÀCHPASCHÈSCHAK = soldiers,
WÀCHPASEHESCHÀ,
WÀCHPASCHÉSCHA,
WÁCHPASCHEES,
WÒCHPASÉKQ = watch, (Passion of
Christ)
WASH KSCHEECHTANÀ (Passion of Christ)
WATCH, GUARD OCHPAASSEU, WÒCHPASÉKQ,

WÀCHPASCHÉSAK = soldiers,
OCHPAASSÉKQ, OCHPAASSÉU
(Passion of Christ)
WATER BEEY (Aupaumut)

NEBEE (Metoxen)
NBEY (Long, Edwards & Barton)
M’BY (Heckewelder)
MBEI (Schmick)
E’MBEI (Passion of Christ)
M’PPEH (Jenks)
AHMEN (Ettwein)
BEI (Jefferson)
WATER BETWEEN HILLS P’WEGAWAHANNEK (Heckewelder)
WATERFALL PAUTNAUKUH, PAUTNAUKKUH

(Aupaumut)
PATTENOCK (Nimham)
PEETON (Naunaumptaunk)
PATENHOOK, PUTTENHOUCK (Duane)
PATTEN (Van Valkenburgh)
PATTENNOCK (Woodbridge)

WAY PONNOWEH, TUHTUWWONNAUTH
(Aupaumut)
WAYS NTHETON (Aupaumut)
WE, OUR KEYAUNUH, KEAUNUH, NAUNUH,

NAUPAUNEH (Aupaumut)
KEAUWUH, NEANNEH (Edwards)
NEAUNUH (Edwards & Long)
KIANAU, NIÁNA (Schmick)
KAUNNUH (Morse)
KIÁNAU, NIÁNA (Passion of Christ)
KIANOOK, KIÁNAÙ (Moravian Archives)
WEA TRIBE WAWYUHTONNOOW (Aupaumut)
WEALTH, ESTATE AUNEEKHHUNYUQ, AUNEEKHUNYUQ,

AUNEEKHKHUNNEET,
AUNEEKKHUNNEET (Aupaumut)
WEEP, CRY MAHN = wept, cried (Passion of Christ)

MAHN = cried, KMÀHN, KMAAP = you cry
(Schmick)
WELL WÁNAMANSOHAANQUÁCK = make well or

healthy, KONAMANSOHANE = make
healthy (Schmick)
KÓNAMACHMÀ (Passion of Christ)
WEST ACHNETUPPÍT (Heckewelder)

TACHGAMAAK (Schmick)
WET M’BIJÚ (Heckewelder)
WHAT, WHY KAUQUI, KAUQUEH, KAUQUIKUH,

KUUQUI, THUH (Aupaumut)
KAUQUI, KAUQUIEWEEK (Sergeant)
GAQUAI (Tschoop, Schmick, Moravian
Archives & Passion of Christ)

GAQUÁY (Moravian Archives)
KAUQUI (Morse)
WHAT MUST TAUNEKAUCH, TAUNKAUTAW, TAUNEEK

(Aupaumut)
TAUNEKAUCH, TAUNEECH (Sergeant)
WHATEVER UNNUWAECH (Aupaumut)
WHEN YUHHUH, MUHCHEH = when, already

(Aupaumut)
MUCHTSCHE (Schmick)
MÁCHTSCHE = when, as soon as, IHA
(Passion of Christ)
TAN (Moravian Archives)
WHERE THOH, THOHCH (Aupaumut)

THOH, THOHEH, THOKCH (Sergeant)
TEHAH (Edwards & Long)
TAN, T’HÁCTA, THAAK, THÀ (Schmick)
ÁTANEETSCH (Passion of Christ)
WHEREBY, WHEREIN WAUCHEH, WAUCHEECH, WAUCH,

WAUCHAUM, MAUCHEH,
MOHWCHEH = whereby,
WUHWEHEH, WUHWTUQQUEH,
WUHWCHEH, WEEWWHECHEWEH,
WAUCHAUMMTOPPEET =
wherein born, WOOCHEH (Aupaumut)
WAUCHEH, WOOCHEH, WOHWOOCHEH,
WAUCHEHAUM, WAUWOONNEH
(Sergeant)
WATSCHE = therefore, for that reason, WAK
(Schmick)
WAUK, WEWHCHIH (Morse)
WHICH TAUNEECH, NUHNEH, TAUNEKAUCH =

what must, TAUNKAUTAW = what must
(Aupaumut)

WHILE THUHKEH (Aupaumut)
WHIP (verb) HÉSAAMSCHAHAAN = whipped,

HASSAAMSCHAHÁJAQUA (Passion
of Christ)
N’SASAMTSCHAHÁU = I whip him,
NSASAMTSCHAHANA = we punish
him (Schmick)
WHITE WAUPAUYOOH = animate, WAUPAUYUK =

Inanimate (Metoxen)
WAPAJÚ (Heckewelder)
WAPÁJU (Schmick)
WAUPAAEEK, WAUNPÁYOOH (Barton)
WOMPAYÓ, WOA-PA-JÙ (Jefferson)
WHITE PEOPLE CHUCKOPEK, CHUCKKATHUK

(Aupaumut)
TSCHACHKÓSAK (Schmick)
CHOCHECHOKE SEEPOOTO =
Larrywaug Brook (Stockbridge
Proprietors Book)
SWANNEKUS = white men, Dutch (Esopus)
WHO OWWAUN = who, one, someone, OWAUN,

AUWWAUN, AUM, OWWAUNECK,
OUWAUN, WAUMQUUN,
AWWAUNEEK = who are (Aupaumut)
OWAUN, OWAUNEEK, AUM (Sergeant)
AWAAN, AWÁHN (Heckewelder)
AWAN, AWANÒ (Schmick)
AAM, AWAHN, AWÁNEETSCH (Passion of
Christ)
AWAUN, AWAUNEEK (Edwards)
OWWAUM (Morse)
WHOEVER UNNUWTAUN, UNNUWTAUNOWWAUN,

UNNUWWUCHTAUNOWWAUN
(Aupaumut)

WHOLE KAHNE (Moravian Archives)
MÚCHQUETEET = in whole, wholly (Passion
of Christ)
WHY GÁQUAATSCH, WAATSCH (Passion of

Christ)
WIDE, BROAD MKHEEKSKEKHUN (Aupaumut)
WIFE WEWON (Aupaumut)

WEEWON (Barton & Du Ponceau)
WEEWONE (Jenks)
WEEWEEN = to marry (Edwards & Long)
WEWA (Schmick)
WIWA, WE-NA-SÒ (Jefferson)
NIU = my wife (Heckewelder)
WILDERNESS TUWOHKEEK (Aupaumut)
WILL, DESIRE AUNCHOOWAUTUMMUN,

AUNHCHOWAUTUK,
AUNHCHOWAUTOMMUN,
KTENHCHOWAUNWAUKUNNUNNUH
= wills, WEKEK (Aupaumut)
AUNNÚCHOOWAUNTUMMUN,
AUNÚHCHOOWAUNTUMMUN,
ANNUCHOOWAUNTUK (Sergeant)
KTÉNNAJIN = his will (Schmick)
AUNCHUWUTAMMUN (Edwards)
WILL, SHALL -CHEH = particle of futurity (Aupaumut)

-CHIH (Morse)
-TSCH (Schmick)
- TSCHE (Passion of Christ)
WIND (noun) KSUKHONOWWUTKHUN (Aupaumut)

‘KSAUGHON (Jenks)
KSHACHHEN (Ettwein)
GASCHCHÚK (Heckewelder)
CHAHUN (Jefferson)

WINE WINE (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
WINTER POON, HPOON (Jenks)

PUN (Heckewelder)
POON, PO-ÓNE (Jefferson)
HPOON (Edwards, Long, & Barton)
WIPE OPAQUÉQUAMAWÁHN (Passion of Christ)
WISDOM WSAUKHKUNNUHKAUWAUKUN
(Aupaumut)
WISE WUKHKEETTHUNNUH (Aupaumut)
WISH NNUPPEET (Aupaumut)

D’NÈTAHAWÀN, ANÈTAHAJÀN (Passion of
Christ)
CHÁNNE = I wish (Moravian Archives)
WITH WCHEH, WECHEH, WEKEH, NKHPEH

NUKHPEH (Aupaumut)
WAUCHEH, WEKEH, NUKHPEH (Sergeant)
WCHIH (Morse)
WATSCHE, WICI = together (Schmick)
UTSCHÈ (Passion of Christ)
WAZHE (Tschoop)
TAWAHÁN (Moravian Archives)
WITHIN TUHHEECH (Aupaumut)
WITHOUT ESTOTKEH, ESTOTTKEH (Aupaumut)

(see NO)
WITNESS WEETNITHTHEEMKEH = a loan word

from English (Aupaumut)
WEETNUTHTHEEK (Morse)
KÁKKENONOWÁGAN (Passion of Christ &
Schmick)

WOLF MEEKHCHAUK = wolves (Aupaumut)
MECHCHAOOH (Barton)
MA-UN-CHAÖU (Jefferson)
WOMAN PKHAUNMAUN (Aupaumut)

PCHANÚM (Heckewelder)
P’CHÁNIM, WENASOOS = old woman
(Schmick)
P’HÀGANDAHN (Passion of Christ)
P’GHAINOOM, WEENAUTHOOTH = old
woman (Jenks)
PCHANUM = grown woman (Du Ponceau)
P-HANUM, PHÀ-NOM (Jefferson)
MAHIKIASQUOH = woman of the nation
(name given to Mary Sergeant)
WAUNSQUAUT = good woman (name given
to Harriet Sergeant)
NEEH-NEESQUOH = a flourishing woman
(name given to Betsy Sergeant)
MENOOSQUOH = a virtuous woman (name
given to Abigail Sergeant)
WOMB DOMMEKAUW (Aupaumut)
WONDERFUL KUHMAUMUHCHEH = wonderful

things (Aupaumut)
WONDERS, MIRACLES MAUMUHCHOWWONNUHKAUWON,

MAUMUHCHUW,
MAUSAUNTOMHUN = wonder,
marvel (Aupaumut)
MAUNSHAUNTUMMUN (Sergeant)
WOOD, TREE, STICK MTOOQ (Aupaumut)

MITTUK (Metoxin)
METOOQUE (Long, Edwards & Barton)
MACHTOK (Schmick)
MACHTACHEN, MACHTÚK (Heckwelder)

MATÒKQ = stick, reed, Christ’s cross,
MACHTÒKQ, MATÒKKUK
(Passion of Christ)
WOODCHUCK (monax) MONAGH-CÀO (Jefferson)
WORD, SPEECH AUPTOONNAUWAUKUN,

AUNNAUPTOONEKUHK = words,
AUPTOONNAUWAUKONNUK =
words, TAUPTOONNAUWAUKUNNUN
= words, sayings, DINAUPTONAUN =
speak, IYENNAUPTOONNIYUQ =
speech, their words,
IYENNAUPTOONNAUN = words,
KTAUPTONAUWAUKUN = thy word,
WTAUPTONAUWAUKUN = his word,
testimony,
WTAUPTONAUWAUKUNNUK = his
word, WTAUPTOONNAUWAUKUN =
his word, WTAUPTOONNAUWAUHUN
= his word,
WTAUPTOONNAUWAUKUNNUK =
his word,
WTAUPTOONNAUWAUNKUN = his
word (Aupaumut)
WTOMPTOONAUWAUNKUN = his word,
KTOMPTOONAUWAUNKUNNUN,
KTOMPTOOAUWAUNKUN (Sergeant)
AUP-TO-NAU-WAU-CON,
WTAUPTONAUWAUCON = his word,
testimony (Morse)
AAPTONAWÁGANÀN = words (Schmick &
Passion of Christ)
ÁNAAPTÓNAMICK = words (Passion of
Christ)
WORLD ÁNEQUECHKÙK = whole world (Passion of

Christ)
WORK, SERVE KTONNUHHAUNEEK = work, serve,

KTUNNUHKUHTOUWAUN = serve,
NDANNUHKUHTOUWAWU = serve
him, KTONNUHKAUKUN = your
man-servant, worker,
WTONNUHKAUKUNNUN =
man-servant, OIYAUNQUOHK = work,
KTONNUHKAUKUNNOOKHQUAWU
= woman-servant, maid, UNNUMTHEEQ,
WTONNUHKAUKONNOOKHQUAUN
= maid servant,
WDONNUHKAUWWAUKUN = his
works, WTONNON, TKHUNNUH
(Aupaumut)
OTANNACHGAGANA = servants (Schmick)
KTONNUHKAUCON = your servant (Morse)
WORKS, DEEDS ANNEHHAUNAUWUH, UNNEHHAUMKEEK,

UNNUHKAUWAUKONNUK = deeds,
OIENONNUHKAUNEET = actions,
UNNEHHEET = make,
UNNUHKAUKONNUK = deeds,
WDONNUHKAUWWAUKUN = his
works,
MTONNUHKAUWAUKUNNUN,
WTONNUHKAUWAUKUNNUN =
his works, handiwork,
WTONNUHKAUWAUKONNUN =
his deeds, WTONNUHKAUWAUKUN
= his work, UNNUHKIYUQ = doings,
works, employment, WNEEKHTAUQUQ
= he works in us (Aupaumut)
ANNEHHAUNAUWUH (Sergeant)
ÁNACHGÁTA, ANÀCHGAWAGÀN =
work (Schmick)
WNIHTAUNUHKAUWAUCON = his
handiwork (Morse)
WORLD NOOH KEEYH = our land (Jenks)
WORSHIP KWAUWAUKOMAUN = you worship, bow

down, KWAUWAUKOMON,
WAUWAUKOMAUMUK,
WAUWAUKOMAUN,
WAUWAUKOMAUNAUNUH,
WAUWAUKOOTHWAUKUNNUN,
WAUWUHWEKOTAUTHEEK
(Aupaumut)
QUAUWAUNK (Sergeant)
WOULD, LET TAUKH= let it be so, would, proclaim,

TAUKUH, TAUKHEW (Aupaumut)
TAUGH (Edwards)
TAUTAU = let, sound (Schmick)
WOUNDS (noun) PAPAQUAIK (Tschoop)

PAQUAIK, PACHPAQUAIK (Schmick)
PAPAQUAIK, ANEPAQUÁIK = wounds
(Moravian Archives)
WRAP WÉWNEECHMÁWAHN = wrapped (Passion

of Christ)
WRATH, ANGER WTOHWAUNTOMWAUKUN = his wrath,

WTUHWAUNTOMWAUKUN = his
wrath,
WTUHWAUNTOMWAUKUNNUK =
his wrath,
WTUHWAUNTUMMUWAUNKUNNUK
= his wrath, anger,
WTUHWAUNTUMWAUKUN = his
wrath, anger (Aupaumut)
WTUHWAUNTUMMÚWAUNKUN (Sergeant)
WRIST CA-TISHQUAUG (Jefferson)
WRITE (paint) WSOHEKUN, WSOOWHEKUN = writings,

(see BOOK) scriptures, TANNAUKHUTCHHNIH
(Aupaumut)
NOSOAHÉGA = I write, SOHÉGAU = he
writes, KOSOAHEGA = you write,

SOHEGAAK = they write (Schmick)
TANAHKHASÒ = written (Passion of Christ)
WRITTEN NAUKTUHHAUSETUP (Aupaumut)
WYANDOT TRIBE PAUMTONNAUWEEW (Aupaumut)
YEAR KÁTEEK, KATEEK, KAHTENÀ (Schmick)

KETOON (Jenks)
GOTÀKHOTENÁH (Jeffferson)
KATTUN (Ettwein)
YELLOW WISAWAJÚ (Heckewelder)
YES QUAUMEH (Aupaumut)

QUA, QUAMÍ (Heckewelder)
QUAU (Morse)
QUÁME (Passion of Christ)
QUÁ, QUAÁ, QUAAM, QUAME (Schmick)
YESTERDAY ONÁQUA, WANAQUÉGA (Schmick)

ONANKOÀ (Jefferson)
YET UHCHKUH = but yet, UHQUUTHUH =

but yet (Aupaumut & Sergeant)
YOU, THOU KEYUH, KYUH, KEYAUWUH (Aupaumut)

KEYUH, KEUH, KTUH, ENEH (Sergeant)
KIÁWA, KIÀ, ÉNE, KIÁWAHTSCH = you
will (Passion of Christ)
KEAH, KEAUWUH (Long)
KEAH, KEAUWUH = ye (Edwards)
YOUNG, YOUNG WOMAN, WSOOKHQUAWU (Aupaumut)

VIRGIN WSKOI (Sergeant)
WUSKOCHQUAU (Heckewelder)
WUSKOCHQUAN (Du Ponceau)
YOUR OWN KPEKHUK (Aupaumut)

YOURSELF KHUKKAUNUH = yourselves, KHUKKI
(Aupaumut)
KHOKKAUNAUK, NIHNIH = of yourself?
(Sergeant)

SOME FREQUENTLY USED WORDS
ANNEH TO
AUNEH As, by, because
AUNEH AUM Anyone
AUNOW As, by, it is like
AUT Of, to
AUTKHOKKEEMQUOHK Number
AUTONNEH Man, men
CHEEN No, not
CHEEN AUM No one
CHEH Will, shall
DON And
DOOTMAUTEEN Requirement
EENHUH Or
EMUK Decree, rule
ESTOH No, not, without
HKEEK Earth, land
KAUQUI What, why, thing
KAUSEKHOIYEK Holy, sacred
KESEH Can, able, make
KEYUH You
KKOHKEETWAUKUN Commandment
KOCHEH Thereby, therefore
MAUTEHK Bad
MAUWEH All, whole
NE The, that

NEEK Those, who, them
NEEN Those, they, the (plural)
NEH The (singular)
NEHNEH His own, your own
NEYUH I
NHUH In, it
NIK The, that
NQUEHCHEH Only, alone
NUK The, which
NUN Is
OCHEH From, because
OIKEH Is, are
OWWAUM Who, someone
PAUPOHTOMMAUWAUKUN Prayer
PMAWUSOWAUKUNNUK Life
POHTOMMOUWAUS God
PSOOQ But, only
QUAUM For, because
SAUPEKHUK First
SPUMMUK Sky, heaven
STOH Not
TAUPAUNMOWAT Lord
TAUPEH Enough
TONNEH Do
UHTAUK In
UNNEH In, into, on
WAUCH Also, too, again

WAUCHOIKEH Flow again
WAUNEHK Good
WCHEH With, from
WCHICHCHUHQUEEN Spirit, soul, ghost
WEKEK With
WHUKKAUK Himself, herself
WKESEH He makes, he can
WNITHTOMMAUWAUKUN Faith
WONK And
WTENNEH He does
WTIOMUN His son
WUHWEKOIWUK Blessed
YUHHUH When, if

SOURCES
Annanekenick, David The father of the Mohican chief, King

Benjamin, who supplied some words in his court
testimony of 1768. See John Van Rensselaer, Notes
on Evidence, Miscellaneous Manuscripts Folder V,
New-York Historical Society.
Adams John C. Adams Papers, Historical Society of the State of

Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin.
Aupaumut 1. The Assembly’s Catechism (Stockbridge, Mass., 1795). 31

pages of Mohican text translated by Capt. Hendrick Aupaumut,
a principal chief of the nation.
2. A second edition, entitled The Assembly’s Shorter
Catechism, with some added text, was printed at Clinton, N.Y.,
in 1826.
3. “History of the Muhheakunnuk Indians,” The First Annual
Report of the American Society for Promoting the Civilization
and General Improvement of the Indian Tribes in the
UnitedStates (New Haven: S. Converse, 1824), pp. 41-45.
4. An expanded version of the history is found in Electa F.
Jones, Stockbridge, Past and Present; or, Records of An Old
Mission Station (Springfield, Mass.: Samuel Bowles & Co.,
1854), pp. 14-23.
5. Occasional vocabulary from the letters and reports of
Hendrick Aupaumut.
Barton Benjamin Smith Barton, New Views of the Origin of the Tribes
and Nations of America (Philadelphia, 1798). Mohican
vocabulary obtained from Hendrick Aupaumut and other
Mohicans.
Belknap Jeremy Belknap’s journal of his tour to Oneida in 1796,

Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. XIX
(1881-1882), p. 414n.
Bernard Francis Bernard to the Board of Trade, August 3, 1761, The

Papers of Francis Bernard, Governor of Colonial

Massachusetts, 1760-69 (Boston: The Colonial Society of
Massachusetts, 2007), 1:130.
Büttner The Moravian missionary, Gottlob Büttner, left a short Mohican

vocabulary in the Moravian Archives at Bethlehem, Pa., Box
331, Folder 4, Item 7.
Collier Edward A. Collier, A History of Old Kinderhook (New York,

1914).
Dankers Jaspar Dankers and Peter Sluyter, A Journal of a Voyage to New

York and a Tour in Several of the American Colonies in 1679-
80, Henry C. Murphy, translator (Brooklyn, 1867).
Davidson John N. Davidson, Muh-he-ka-ne-ok, A History of the

Stockbridge Nation (Milwaukee, 1893), p. 25.
Du Ponceau Pierre Étienne Du Ponceau, Mémoire sur le Système

Grammatical des Langues de Quelques Nations Indiennes de
l’Amérique du Nord (Paris, 1838). Appendix A contains
“Vocabulaire Comparatif des Langues Algonquines et
Iroquoises.”
Duane James Duane identified several Mohican words in court in

1768. See John Van Rensselaer, Notes on Evidence,
Miscellaneous Manuscripts Folder V, New-York Historical
Society.
Early Records Albany Early Records of the City and County of Albany and
Colony of Rensselaerswyck, 4 vols. (Albany: New York State
Library History Bulletin 9, 1869, 1916-1919).
Eddy Samuel L. Knapp, The Life of Thomas Eddy; Comprising an

Extensive Correspondence ... (New York, 1834), p. 119.
Edwards Jonathan Edwards, Observations on the Language of the

Muhhekaneew Indians (New Haven, 1788). Written by the son
of the famous Rev. Jonathan Edwards, who grew up speaking
Mohican in Stockbridge, Mass.

Esopus Governor Stuyvesant’s Journey to Esopus in 1658, Magazine of
American History, vol. 2 (1878), p. 544.
Ettwein 1. Letter from John Ettwein to George Washington, March 28,

1788, George Washington Papers, Library of Congress, contains
“A Collection of Words” from Mohawk, Delaware, and
Mohican.
2. The above collection of words is printed in Ethnohistory,
vol. 6, no. 1 (Winter 1959), pp. 57-64.
Foster-Clements Papers Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
Heckewelder 1. “Mahicanni (Mohegan) Words” in “Vocabularies and Other

Manuscripts Relating to Indian Languages,” Freeman Guide
2077, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
2. John Heckewelder, Comparative Vocabulary of Algonquian
Dialects; from Heckewelder’s Manuscripts in the Collections of
the American Philosophical Society (Cambridge, Mass., 1887).
Jefferson 1. Thomas Jefferson, “Comparative Vocabularies of Indian

Languages,” 1802-1808, Freeman Guide 1289, American
Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
2. Thomas Jefferson, “Comparative Vocabulary: Mohiccon and
Unknown Languages,” 1792-1809?, American Philosophical
Society, Philadelphia.
Jenks “Language of the Moheagans,” Collections of the

Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. IX (1804), pp. 98-99.
Vocabulary taken down by William Jenks from John Konkapot
Jr.
Long John Long, Voyages and Travels of an Indian Interpreter and

Trader, describing the Manners and Customs of the North
American Indians ... to which is added ... a List of Words ... and
a Table, Shewing The Analogy between the Algonkin and
Chippeway Languages (London, 1791). Contains a vocabulary
of “Mohegan” words on pp. 209-210.
Metoxen 1. The venerated Mohican chief, John Metoxen (Mtohksin),

along with John Quinney and Andrew Miller, provided Henry

R. Schoolcraft with a Mohican vocabulary at Sault Ste. Marie,
Michigan, in 1827. It is found in Henry R. Schoolcraft,
Historical and Statistical Information respecting the History,
Condition and Prospects of the Indian Tribes of the United
States, 6 vols. (Philadelphia, 1851-1857), vol. V (1855), pp.
618-620.
2. Henry R. Schoolcraft, “Mohegan Language and
Geographical Names,” The Knickerbocker, vol. X, no. 3
(September 1837), pp. 214-216, yields a few Mohican words
provided by Metoxen and Robert Konkapot in 1837.
MHS Collections Collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society, vol. IX

(1804), p. 91.
Moravian Archives Various letters written by Mohicans Abraham and Cornelius,

as well as a number of hymns translated into the Mohican
language. Collected in Carl Masthay, Mahican-Language
Hymns, Biblical Prose, and Vocabularies from Moravian
Sources, with Mohawk Hyms (St. Louis, 1980).
Moravians W. C. Reichel, A Memorial of the Dedication of Monuments

erected by the Moravian Historical Society ... in New York and
Connecticut (New York, 1860), p. 75. Contains the testimony
of Eunice Mahwee.
Morse Jedidiah Morse, A Report to the Secretary of War of the United

States, on Indian Affairs (New-Haven, 1822). On pages 359-
360 of the Appendix is a Mohican translation of the 19th Psalm
under the supervision of Rev. John Sergeant.
Naunaumptaunk Deposition of John Naunaumptaunk, August 27, 1762,

Miscellaneous Manuscripts, Columbia County, N.Y., New-York
Historical Society.
Nimham Deposition of Daniel Nimham, August 2, 1762, Miscellaneous

Manuscripts, Columbia County, N.Y.,New-York Historical
Society.

Notes on Evidence Court testimony of 1768 in John Van Rensselaer Notes on
Evidence, Miscellaneous Manuscripts Folder V, New-York
Historical Society.
O’Callaghan E. B. O’Callaghan, History of New Netherland, 2 vols. (New

York, 1846)
Orcutt Samuel Orcutt, History of the Towns of New Milford and

Bridgewater, Connecticut, 1703-1882 (Hartford, Conn., 1882).
Panoplist The Panoplist [Missionary Herald], vol. I (Boston, 1806),

p. 271.
Passion of Christ A Mohican language text of 1759 in the Moravian Archives,by

Moravian missionary, Rev. Bernhard Adam Grube, translated in
Carl Masthay, Mahican-language hymns, biblical prose and
vocabularies from Moravian sources (St. Louis, 1980).
Masthay omits four pages, but the full text is found in Moravian
Archives, Box 331, Folder 5. The letter Z in some of the words
is not true Mohican.
Penn Albert Cook Myers, ed., William Penn’s Own Account of the
Lenni Lenape or Delaware Indians (Wilmington, Del., 1970).
Pickering Timothy Pickering’s 1826 statement on the pronunciation of the

tribe’s name in the Pickering Papers, vol. 16, p. 117,
Massachusetts Historical Society.
Sergeant 1. John Sergeant, A Morning Prayer (Boston, 1740?). A 38-

page collection of prayers translated into the Mohican language
by the tribe’s first missionary in Stockbridge, Mass. Sergeant
was assisted by the Mohican interpreter John
Wauwaumpequunnaunt, known by the nickname of “Mauteck”
(“bad boy”).
2. Samuel Hopkins, Historical Memoirs, Relating to the
Housatunnuk Indians (Boston, 1753). Contains occasional
Mohican vocabulary from John Sergeant’s journals.
3. “Journal of Rev. John Sergeant,” April 1, 1739 – March 30,
1740, Ezra Stiles Manuscripts, Beinecke Library, Yale
University.

Schmick 1. John Jacob Schmick, Miscellanea linguae nationis Indicae
Mahikan dictae,cura suscepta, 2 vols., n.d., n.p., American
Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.
2. Carl Masthay, ed., Schmick’s Mahican Dictionary
(Philadelphia, 1991).
Schoolcraft Henry Rowe Schoolcraft, The Indian in His Wigwam, or

Characteristics of the Red Race of America (New York, 1848).
Trumbull J. Hammond Trumbull, Notes on Forty Algonkin Versions of

the Lord’s Prayer (Hartford, 1873).
Tschoop Tschoop, or Johannes, was a Mohican communicant in the

Moravian mission at Shekomeko (Pine Plains, N.Y.) He left a
number of letters in the Mohican language at the Moravian
Archives in Bethlehem, Pa.
Van Valkenburgh Joachim Van Valkenburgh was interpreter for the Mohican
Indians and described several words in their language while
testifying in court in 1768. See John Van Rensselaer, Notes on
Historical Society.
WHS Collections Collections of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, vol.

IV (Madison, 1906), pp. 320, 325.
Woodbridge Timothy Woodbridge, schoolmaster to the Stockbridge Indians,

supplied the meanings of a few Mohican words in court
testimony of 1768. See John Van Rensselaer, Notes on
Historical Society.

Mohican Dictionary by Lion G. Miles

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Mohican Dictionary by Lion G. Miles

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MOHICAN DICTIONARY

Compiled by Lion G. Miles

The Mohican language, an Algonquian dialect, was spoken in the

(Based chiefly on sources from the years 1740 to 1830)

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 1

ABUSE MAUMCHEHTAUSEEK = abusing

ACCEPT WTENQUQ = he accepts us (Aupaumut)

ACCORDING TO WEEWCHEWEH (Aupaumut)

ACCOUNT (verb) KTINNEHHOOKAUNAUNOQCHEH =

ACKNOWLEDGE NAWUQUONKUH (Aupaumut)

ACQUIT POTOMMOOHHAUNAUK (Aupaumut)

ADAM (name) AUTOMMUH (Aupaumut)

ADOPT, RECEIVE NOOTNAUSEEK (Aupaumut)

ADULTERY WEHPAUTOMMAUTHEHHUN (Aupaumut)

ADVANCE WAUCHOIYEK (Aupaumut)

AFTER MOHCHEH (Aupaumut & Sergeant)

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 2

AGAIN NAUSKEH, NAUSKEWEH, WONKCHEH =

AGAINST MCHEHTAUSOOW, MCHEHTIYUH

AGGRAVATION, CORRUPTION AUNENAUNQUOHK,

AGONY ÁNACHCHEHENÁU (Passion of Christ)

AGREEABLE AUYAUTOMMAUNOIQUEH (Auapumut)

ALBANY, N.Y. PAUPAUTANWUTHYAUK = council fire

ALIKE TAUTPEMAUW, TAUTPOIKEEK,

ALL, WHOLE MAUWEH, MOWWEH, MUWWEH,

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 3

ALONE PASCHGON (Moravian Archives)

ALREADY MECHTSCH (Heckewelder)

ALSO, AGAIN WAUCH (Aupaumut)

ALWAYS, ETERNAL EIAUNEH, EYAUPCHEH (Aupaumut)

AMEN (see SAY) UNNOIYEK, UNNOIYOOW = let it be,

AMONG OIEHTEET (Sergeant)

ANCESTORS, PARENTS NGEHCHOIESUMMUK (Aupaumut)

AND WONK, WONKCHEH = again will, DON,

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 4

ANGEL ENGEL = from German (Passion of Christ)

ANIMAL KTOWWOISUMMUK = your animals,

ANSWER AUKHCHEWEH (Aupaumut)

ANY NITHUH (Aupaumut & Sergeant))

ANYONE AUNEH AUM (Aupaumut)

ANYTHING NITHUH KAUQUI, NITHUKAUM

APPLE ÁPENES (Schmick)

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 5

APPOINT KEESOOTMOOQ = appointed,

APPREHENSION NAUMEHTAUCHEH (Aupaumut)

ARM NISQUÀN, TENNEMAGANEGAN (Schmick)

ARMED NÓAHAMNA (Passion of Christ)

AS, BY, BECAUSE AUNEH, AUNEECH, UNNEECH, AUNEEK,

ASCEND SPOKHAUTUP, SPOKHAUWON =

ASHAMED KMECHANSE = you are ashamed,

ASHES, DUST PUNGÚ (Heckewelder)

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 6

ASSURE WAUWETIYAUNTOMMUQ = assured,

AT ATANÈ (Passion of Christ)

ATTRIBUTE WTENNAUWTH, WTENNAUWTHOOW,

AUDIENCE BÁPTAWETSCHEEK (Passion of Christ)

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 7

AUTUMN T’QUAUQUUH (Jenks)

AWL MIGGOAS (Metoxen)

AX, HATCHET UTHENNETMUHHECON (Aupaumut)

BACK (body part) CAPUSHQUAN (Jefferson)

BAD, EVIL MAUTEHK, MAUTIHK, NMUCHCHOI =

Mohican Dictionary, Lion G. Miles Page 8

BAG OF PEACE MNOTY, NE-MAU-WON-NEH MNO-TI =