MULTITESTER
sanuJa
SANWAELECTRIC
INSTRUMENT
CO.,LTD.
DempaBldg.,Sotokanda2-Chome
Chiyoda-Ku,
Tokyo,
Japan OPERATOR'S
MANUAL
H 1tr 6f;ts8{fi
for safety operation and maintenance
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features 5 One-handedoperation control and rational arrangement
of ranges.
All measurementsare controlled by a single knob. Into
All-purpose function.
the bargain, the 1000V DC and AC rangeslie adjacent
The YX-360TR will entertain you with expanded vision each other on the selector switchboard to evadepossible
of application. Optional use of the connector readily danger caused by misplaced range selection. In most
transfers the meter to a regular transistor tester to testers are found these rangesadjoined at the ohm range,
directly read hrr (DC amplification factor) of transis- and there is a fair chance of the circuit resistorsbeing
tors for you to determine if they are suitable for circuit burnt out rendering the instrument out of service.[n the
use. Few testersperform such unique double service. worst case, it might bring on serious accident to the
operator.
2 Ability no less better than a large-sizedtester.
Excellent resolution factor of 0.2mV and above, and 6 Non-skid rubber support.
widened resistance measurement range reading from The rubbers supplied may be fitted in the pits on the
0.2Q up to 20MQ, and that energizedby the small-size rear to tilt the meter to a convenient viewing angle on
internal batteries, compare the instrument favorably the bench. They also serve to prevent the meter to skid.
with a bulky test gear.
Glassindicator cover.
3 Seriescondenserterminal (OUTPUTI. In consideration of the portable use of the instrument,
Applied use of this extra terminal serves to check TV scratch-, heat- and dust-proof glass is used for the
circuits for detecting AC signals with DC element protection of the indicator instead of a soft metacrylic-
present mixed isolated. resin cover.
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measurement ranges and performance
operation | - as a circuit tester
1 As a circuittester.
1 Zero correction of indicator,
M e a s u r e m e n tr a n g e s
Zero.corrector@is adjusted to place
t h e p o i n te r @o n 0
0- 0.I V-0.5v-2.5V-10V-s0V-25gy of the scale left.
l 000v-(25kV) measurement,
b,t t;: ;::$*':rtilJ"l:lj;*
25kV with HV probeextra must be confirmedbeforestarting*earuiem.nt. :i ::::
0- l0v-50v-250V- 1000v Input im-
Frequency .iii
l38fi::,8[il; pedance 2 Test leadconnections.
8kf,l/v The test leadsattachedare inserted
well down, the red
Voltage going to the + jack and the Ufu"t
0 - 5 0 uA -2 .5m A- 25m A- 0. 25A dtop fead f."O L the _COM
250mV
50uA at 0.lVDC position ( l0 0 m V
for 50uA) 3 Selectionof range.
S T gr X I - x l O -x l k -x tOk Internal When selectinga range,the white
Yi4.q- 2 -zoo-zob[iol mark
correctlypositionedat the prescrib.d on the knob is
Midscale 9.2-
20 -2oo-2Ok-200kiiti
batteries
UM-3 x 2 ;;;g;.'
lrlaximum2k -20k- 2M-20M irl) 0061x 1 3-I D C vol rage(D C V ).
-l0dB-+22dB for I0VAC 8ko/v DC voltagesof batteries,amplifier
for OUT- circuits, power
0dB/0.775V( lmW throush600a) sourceof communicationequipment,
PUT tuUeand tran_
sistorcircuit biases,.etc.-ar.
_.urur.d. Eich of the 7
terminal
rangenotations(0. l-1000) indicates
2 As a transistortester. voltagereadingfor that range. the rnaxrmum
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5 Difference between voltage and current measurements.
6 Voltage measurementand internal impedance.
Fig. 2-A is a standard voltage measurement,where the
There are 2 instancesof voltage measurementby parallel
potential difference between 2 points is checked, for
connection. In case of Fig. 2-A, there exists no high
which the meter is connected in parallel with load, while
impedance corresponding to Re of Fig. 3. Power supply
-B checks the current supplied by power and consumed
source has its own internal resistance,but it is so small as
by load, where the meter is connected in serieswith the
can be ignored for voltage measurement,and the loss of
circuit. Basically, the difference is whether the meter is
current consumption by a tester is practically nil the
connected in parallel or in serieswith ioad. The latter
m e t e r r e a d i n g E p . B u t , a s c a n b e n o t e d i n Fi g .3 , th e
connection accompaniesthe trouble of cutiing open the
circuit condition changeson account of R4 present and
circuit being checked.
200kQ of the tester connected in parallel for measure-
Itflu h'Zu ( Ep ment. Consequently, the YX 3 6 !TR I'VR AN G'
meter reads 3.77V against R ,=l 0 i V X2 0 kl =l Ski E.
It) tu
the actual 4V resulting in it
mk!
EP
some error. Therefore,when
measuring such a circuit,
where R is usually replaced
Zn+o
with a tube or a transistor,
the circuit impedance and
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
internal resistance of the
In respect of measurement loss, the bigger the im- voltage range of the tester used for. measurement
pedance of the meter(Zu) is, the smaller is the current must be referred to each other in reading the data
(Iu) required for measurement for the former, and, on o b t a i n e d . I n F i g . 3 , t h e c i r c u i t i m p e d a n ce i s a b o u t l /1 0
the contrary, the smaller the impedance of the meter is, of the impedance of the tester, and reading error of
the volta ge lo ss (dr op) by I r x Zu. ( I r - c un e n t within -5% can be ignored, though the bigger the
consumption) Thus, high accuracy data are obtained by internal impedance of a tester, the better.
the YX-360TR because of its very small current loss of The high impedanceof 20kCl/V for DCV and 8kC2/V for
50uA for DCV and l25uA for ACV measurementsat DCV of this instrument displays its full ability in the
full scale, the voltage drop for current measurement voltage measurementof high impedancevoltage amplify-
being 250mV. ing circuit, AVC, AGC and transistor bias circuit to
obtain high accuracy data.
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ACV measurementon OUTPUT terminal.
The negative lead is connected as usual to the -COM
a n d t h e p o s i t i v e l e a d t o t h e O U T P U T te r m i n a l . A
condenser is interconnected in series with the OUTpUT
and * terrninals to cut off DC element present on the
1
.-i9
".'1i_
positio n ma rke d PRO BE. The DCV
0-25 0 scale is used r eading 25k V
at full scale.This probe can only be
I adjusted in the following way:
As shown in Fig. 6, the range
selector is placed at the range being
o
used for measurement of hieh im- used. With the + and -COM ter-
pedance circuit voltage like thc minals shorted together, the pointer
"v_-:.":",
anode and focusing voltages of a moving toward 0,il is adjusted by
A ... OO ADJ
CRT for television use. turning 00ADJ to the right or left
Fig. 5 B ... ReadingO
in order to place it exactly on 0 of
the scale right. The pointer must
Fig. 6
be adjusted each time the range is
moved.
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Polarity of terminals for resistancemeasurement Replacement of batteries
'"'""d5
L>:qC c
I
Fig. 9
- lr -
:-J In Fig. 10, the current flowing across the p and N d e t e r m i n e d b y R . F o r a g o o d T R , I c xh ,n i s l e r i to
terminals is I..o (reverseleakage current) of the TR, the collector resulting in so much clrrrcnt increase
and the quantity of the leakagecurrent is read on the a n d h i g h e r r e a d i n g o f t h e m e t e r . T h e q u a n ti ty o f th e
L EAK sca lein m A. c u r r e n t c h a n g e c a n b e s c a l e do u t a s h r r o n th e m e te r
.A
For a Si TR, this current is too small to read. to read the amplification degree.
2-5 There will be some leakage current read even for a J-Z Extra connector for h|e fie?sDlemeflt.
good quality Ge TR, though there is some difference
sub ject to its t y pe. I t will be 0. lm A- 2m A for a c\
small- and medium-size TR, and lntA-SmA for a \9-=
large-sizeone.
2-G lf the reading falls within the red LEAK zone of the
I."o scale, the TR tested is passabie,but if it goes
be yo nd the zon e c om ing near t o t he f ull s c ale,t h e T R
is definitely defective.
Fig. 12
2-1 Leakage current is little to do with voltage value
showing constant current characteristic, but it is a The connector is connected either to the N or P
great deal subject to temperature. Be aware of terminal subject to the polarity of the TR. To the
temperature rise while testing; it reads twice as much other P or N terminal unemployed is connected the
fo r +10 "C. emitter of the TR. The range switch is set for Xl0.
J-J The clips of the connector are connected to the
3 Measure men to f h re ( DC am pt if ic at ion f ac t or ) 0- 1 0 0 0 .
c o l l e c t o r a n d b a s e , a n d t h e l e a d f r o m th e o th e r
3-l Besides reverse leakage current, the amplification terminal of the tester, to the emitter.
degree of a TR kinetically measuredalso determines
the quality of a TR on a 3-4 For a good TR, there will be a
big difference of reading
very simple theory. As a
TR is con ne cted t o t he between O and @ of Fig. I 3. In
te ste r a s sho wn in Fig. 11, @, when h =0 and with base Fie. IJ
Fig. I l open, only a little I.ro is read,
there flows I.r.o. A certain
r e sistan ce (R) c onnec t ed and in €), I" flows and Ic changes
reading an increasedvalue by Iu
across the N terminal and
g i Iceo+ I B a h FE =tc x hrr.
the base of the TR causes
the current I^ to flow r., = -l!
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For a fa ulty TR: (a) No reading at all for the i t b y t h e c o n n e c t i o n s o f F i g . 1 4 t o m ea su r eIr ;i t i s
c onnec t ion Q ) ; impossible to have light emitted. The 3-volt internal
(b) No difference of reading be- battery layout of the instrument effectively checks it
t ween, ! and O ; on the Xl range. While light is being emitted, the LI
(c) For the Q,, reading gces be- scale reads the current lr. and the LV scale the
yond the hre scale and near to f o r w a r d v o l a g eV r .
full scale.
3-5 Under the condition of Fig. l2-@ read_ing is noted on maintenance
the blue hre scale. The value read is *.- which is the
DC amplification degree of the TR test6"d.
1 Choosinga proper range.
3-6 Speaking exactly of a Ge TR, leakage current always
For increasedaccuracy, use the range nearestin value to
flows to the collector resulting in so much reading
the value being checked. For instance, a l.5V dry cell
error. Therefore, true value is obtained by deducting
should be checked on the DC 2.5V range. Error will be
from hrr the value correspondingto Icco read.
bigger on the left half of the scale. For resistance
4 Measurementof diode including LED. measurement, reading is most accurate around in the
middle of the scaie.
4-l The connections of Fig. l4 read I, (forward current)
or In (reversecurrent) on the LI scale provided. For 2. Measurementof unknown values.
the lk range, the scale reads 0-l50uA. for the Xl0
When measuring an unknown value, start with the
ran ge 0 -15 mA, and f or t he Xl r ange 0- l5O m A.
highest range. After the first reading, the switch can be
4-2 lr reads high close to full scale, and I n v er y l o w reset to a lower range for a more accurate reading.
practically no current flowing.
3 Protection of tester.
4-3 While measuringIr, the LV scale
reads the linear (forward)
voltage of the diode tested. For -3:: A tester is a precision instrument, and severeshock or
vibration should be avoided. Do not leave it long where
a Ge diode, it is usually \\ there is high temperature or moisture.
0. 1-0 .2V, an d f or Si diode, ; *i;od
0.5-0.8v. 4 Burnout damagethrough misapplication.
4-4 The forward voltage of LED is 4-1 Misapplication occurs most burning out some internal
generally more than 1.5V, while ; $<., resistor when high AC voltage of 100-200V is
average testers will fail to check Fig. l4 ' "' ' inadvertently applied to a resistanceor current range
_
-2 0 - LL -
with the selector switch placed on them unawares.
supplementarydata
4-2 By virtue of the automatic protection circuit by Si
diodes placed in parallel with the meter movement,
of Parts
1 Arrangement
th e pu lse cu rrent f lowing int o t he m ov em e n t i s
absorbed by them to safeguardthe moving coil from
ge tting bu rnt.
4-3 A resistor may be burnt out on account of a high
volta ge o f a bo ut l00V m is applied. but it c a n b e
replaced to restore the instrument to normal per-
formance. Resistors most liable to burn are | 9Q @, -g>@
(R2l) for th e X l ( Q ) r ange,and lQ ( Rl2) f or 0 . 2 5 4 , R1
range. Refer to " supplementary data " at the
end of the manual.
4-4 For a high power circuit of more than 200V, sparking .dir@
6@E
can cause some abnormality in the tester. Be certain
to have the meter damaged repaired and undergo
regular inspection and calibration by a warrantable
test facility.
R t6 N R E
ddl
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2 Partslist
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