Anda di halaman 1dari 113

$UPDUHD

x PDWHULDOHXWLOL]DWH
1 1 1
IFN   IFG
  IFWP  
FODVDEHWRQXOXL&   
PP PP PP
1 1
I\N   I\G
 
DUPDWXUL3&V  
PP PP

*ULQGDPDUJLQDODORQJLWXGLQDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ  FP EJ  FP KSO  FP KZ  KJ  KSO  P /  P EJ 
 !  2.
KZ 

*5 *5 *5 *5 *5

x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH

*5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P

0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P

0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P

0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P

0GULQI  N1 ˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P

*5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P

0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P

0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P

0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P

0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1 ˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ

$VHII  FP

$VXSGU  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

9(G  γ5G˜
05E  05E

J  㠘 T ˜ OD  ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G
VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜E ˜G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

η
λ   P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIGU  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G


$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η 
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹
ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G
VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N HII


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜E ˜G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P

G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

η
λ   P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X  [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

$UPDUH3ODFD( 
95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1 ˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹
ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

$UPDUH3ODFD( 
95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP
$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ  PP
D  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  ! α   α   α   α  
FG  PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸
D Φ
 P
© ¹
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D

IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
OEG  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OEPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG  ˜ Φ PP  POEPLQ  P

x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS

Φ  PP FG  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  α   α   α   α   
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D Φ
IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
O  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG ˜ α   ˜ Φ PP  P
*ULQGDLQWHUPHGLDODORQJLWXGLQDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ  FP EJ  FP KSO  FP KZ  KJ  KSO  P /  P EJ 
 !  2.
KZ 

*5 *5 *5 *5 *5

x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH
*5
0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P

0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P

0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P

0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P

0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P

*5
0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P

0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P

0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P

0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P

0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP
05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G
˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P



V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜E ˜G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ

$VHII  FP

$VXSVW  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ

$VHII  FP

$VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 
γF  

F5GF  
γF
PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P ! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ 
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIVW  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P

$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP


$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜E ˜G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P

G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜E ˜G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ

$VHII  FP

$VXSGU  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

$UPDUH3ODFD( 
95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ 
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$VXSVW  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP


λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU


$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

9(G  γ5G˜
05E  05E

J  㠘 T ˜ OD  ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G
σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

$UPDUH3ODFD( 
95GPD[   u  ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ  PP
D  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  ! α   α   α   α  
FG  PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸  P
D Φ
© ¹
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D

IEG  03D

σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
OEG  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OEPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG  ˜ Φ PP  POEPLQ  P

x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS
Φ  PP FG  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  α   α   α   α   
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D Φ
IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
O  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG ˜ α   ˜ Φ PP  P

*ULQGDPDUJLQDODWUDQVYHUVDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ  FP EJ  FP KSO  FP KZ  KJ  KSO  P /  P EJ 
 !  2.
KZ 

*5 *5 *5

x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH
*5
0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P

0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P

0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P

0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P

0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P


$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N HII


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP


λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P


0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N

  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU

$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[
 P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR


GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  




ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P



V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜E ˜G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ

$VHII  FP

$VXSVW  $VHII

 ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

$LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ

$VHII  FP

$VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$


DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU

$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF
PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP
$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ  PP
D  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  ! α   α   α   α  
FG  PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸  P
D Φ
© ¹
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D

IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
OEG  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OEPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG  ˜ Φ PP  POEPLQ  P

x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS

Φ  PP FG  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  α    α   α   α   
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D Φ
IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
O  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG ˜ α   ˜ Φ PP  P

*ULQGDLQWHUPHGLDODWUDQVYHUVDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ  FP EJ  FP KSO  FP KZ  KJ  KSO  P /  P EJ 
 !  2.
KZ 

*5 *5 *5


x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH
*5
0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P *5 0VWVXS  N1˜ P

0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P 0VWLQI  N1˜ P

0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P 0FHQW  N1˜ P

0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P 0GUVXS  N1 ˜ P

0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P 0GULQI  N1˜ P

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P

$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J

  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P


0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD

2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU



$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

9(G  γ5G˜
05E  05E

J  㠘 T ˜ OD  ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP VPD[   ˜ G  ˜ PP
9(G
VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[
 P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR


GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW  
μ  u  ω     ˜μ  u 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


 
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU

$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹

05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP

$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  




ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
«  »
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P

IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[  P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW  ˜ N1˜ P
FQRP  PP

EHII  EJ  KSO  P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0FHQW EHII KSO § KSO ·
μ   ˜ ˜ ¨    ˜ ¸  D[DQHXWDVHDIODLQSODFD[KSO
 EJ G G
EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG
© ¹

FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EHII ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EHII ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EHII ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ
 ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP



λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EHII ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWVXS  ˜ N1˜ P



G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPVWDQJD 0VWLQI  ˜ N1 ˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIVW  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODVXSHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GUVXS  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0GUVXS
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N J

  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $VXSGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X


9HULI 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDSHUHD]DPGUHDSWD 0GULQI  ˜ N1˜ P


G  KZ  FQRP  PP  PP  P

0VWLQI
μ  ω     ˜μ 

EJ ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG

$QHF  ω ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP
I\G

IFWP 
$PLQ   ˜ ˜ EJ ˜ G  ˜ FP
I\N


  
$V  PD[ $QHF $PLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII  FP $LQIGU  $VHII  ˜ FP

λ   η
P
$VHII ˜ I\G

[X   P [XQHF   ˜ G  P


EJ ˜ G ˜ λ ˜ η ˜ IFG

9HULI  9(5,),&$ LI [XQHF ! [X

189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH 9HULI 9(5,),&$

DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU

$LQIVW  FP

$VXSGU  FP

05E  $LQIVW ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

05E  $VXSGU ˜ I\G


˜  ˜ G  P ˜ N1

γ5G  
OD  P
N1 N1
J   T   γ  
P P

§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1 05F
© 05E  05E ¹ 
05E  05E
§ 05F ·
0GE  γ5G˜ 05E ˜ PLQ ¨   ¸  P ˜ N1
© 05E  05E ¹


05E  05E J  㠘 T ˜ OD
9(G  γ5G˜   ˜ N1
OD 

γF  

F5GF  
γF

PP
N   
G

$WRW  $VXSGU  $LQIGU  ˜ FP
$WRW 
ρ   u 
EJ ˜ G

σ FS  03D

N  



ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ §¨ IFN ˜
  ·
¸ ˜ 03D  ˜ 03D
© 03D ¹

ª«  º»
« 
»
95GF  «F5GF ˜ N ˜ §¨  ˜ ρ  ˜ IFN ˜
 ·
¸  N ˜ σ FS» ˜ EJ ˜ G ˜ 03D  ˜ N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH

θ  
FRWθ θ  
WDQθ
α FZ  
]   ˜ G  P
IFN
ν     
03D
α FZ ˜ EJ ˜ ] ˜ ν  ˜ IFG

95GPD[   ˜ N1
θ  WDQθ
FRWθ θ

x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ  FP

$VZ ˜ ] ˜ I\G
˜ FRWθ
θ
VQHF   ˜ FP
9(G

VPD[   ˜ G  P


V  PLQ VQHF VPD[
 P! V  FP

x ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH 
OFU   ˜ KZ  P

GEO  PP

§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸ V  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ GEO¸  ˜ FP
©  ¹ ©  ¹
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ  PP

D  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  ! α   α   α   α  
FG  PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸
D Φ
 P
© ¹
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D

IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
OEG  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OEPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG  ˜ Φ PP  POEPLQ  P

x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS

Φ  PP FG  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  α    α   α   α   
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D Φ
IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ
֘  ˜ P
IEG
O  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG ˜ α   ˜ Φ PP  P

$UPDUH6WDOSL
x PDWHULDOHXWLOL]DWH
1 1 1
IFN   IFG   IFWP  
FODVDEHWRQXOXL&   
PP PP PP
1 1
I\N   I\G  
DUPDWXUL3&V  
PP PP

6WDOSGHFROW
PRPHQWHGHDUPDUH< PRPHQWGHDUPDUH[
QLYHO9,!

QLYHO9!

QLYHO,9!

QLYHO,,,!

QLYHO,,!

QLYHO,!

KVW  FP EVW  FP FQRP  ˜ FP


PP G
G  KVW  FQRP  PP   ˜ FP G  KVW  G  ˜ FP
 
KVW
x QLYHOXO,
x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν   ! ω WRW  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP




$V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ

$VHI  FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« 
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODODQLYHOXOVHYDFRQVLGHUD]RQDFULWLFDLQIHULRDUDSDQDODMXPDWDWHDLQDOWLPLVWDOSXOXL
 DGLFD PFRQIRUP3
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x QLYHOXO,,
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« 
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ
&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ
&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO,,,
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG


0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO,9
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x Q
 LYHOXO9
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« 
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ
&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ
&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO9,
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG


0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  
ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
6WDOSPDUJLQDO

PRPHQWHGHDUPDUH< PRPHQWGHDUPDUH[

QLYHO9,!

QLYHO9!

QLYHO,9!

QLYHO,,,!

QLYHO,,!

QLYHO,!

KVW  FP EVW  FP FQRP  ˜ FP


PP G
G  KVW  FQRP  PP   ˜ FP G  KVW  G  ˜ FP
 
KVW
x QLYHOXO,
x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N
¸·  P
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜    
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP




$V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ

$VHI  FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« 
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODODQLYHOXOVHYDFRQVLGHUD]RQDFULWLFDLQIHULRDUDSDQDODMXPDWDWHDLQDOWLPLVWDOSXOXL
 DGLFD PFRQIRUP3
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x QLYHOXO,,
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P


05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x Q
 LYHOXO,,,
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[
Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1 ˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS
§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼
9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO,9
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1 ˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO9
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1 ˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν   ! ω WRW  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP




$V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP


x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« »
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO9,
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P
PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP
1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
6WDOSFHQWUDO
PRPHQWGHDUPDUH[
PRPHQWHGHDUPDUH<

QLYHO9,!

QLYHO9!

QLYHO,9!

QLYHO,,,!

QLYHO,,!

QLYHO,!

KVW  FP EVW  FP FQRP  ˜ FP


PP G
G  KVW  FQRP  PP   ˜ FP G  KVW  G  ˜ FP
 
KVW
x QLYHOXO,
x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1 ˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO
PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODODQLYHOXOVHYDFRQVLGHUD]RQDFULWLFDLQIHULRDUDSDQDODMXPDWDWHDLQDOWLPLVWDOSXOXL
 DGLFD PFRQIRUP3
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x QLYHOXO,,

x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N
¸·  P
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜    
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1 ˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N
¸·  P
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜    
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP




$V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP


x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« »
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO,,,
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1 ˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[
Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1 ˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS
§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG
  ˜  PP $VHI
&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  
ª« º
»
95GF  &5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1
« 
¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY


LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x  LYHOXO,9
Q
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%

0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨ N  N   N   N ¸
© ¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1 ˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP




$V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP


x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1 ˜ P

0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x Q
 LYHOXO9
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1 ˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P

Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1 ˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G


  
$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP

x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP

1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP

x Q
 LYHOXO9,
x GLU\

EVW  
Θ\LQI  UDG Θ\VXS  UDG OVWDOS  P (  *3D ,   u  ˜ FP

γUG  
0(GFLQI\  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS\  N1˜ P 1(GFVXS  N1 1(GFLQI  N1

Θ\LQI ( ˜ , Θ\VXS ( ˜ ,


N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI\ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS\ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS\   ˜ N1˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\  0(GF,,VXS\  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1˜ P

05E
0GF\  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

x GLU[

Θ[LQI  UDG Θ[VXS  UDG

0(GFLQI[  N1˜ P 0(GFVXS[  N1˜ P


Θ[LQI ( ˜ , Θ[VXS ( ˜ ,
N  ˜  N  ˜ 
0(GFLQI[ OVWDOS 0(GFVXS[ OVWDOS

§ N ˜ N N N ·
O  OVWDOS ˜ PD[ ¨    ˜     ¸  P
¨© N  N   N   N ¸
¹

π ˜ ( ˜ , 
1%   u  ˜ N1

O

0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[   ˜ N1˜ P 0(GF,,VXS[   ˜ N1 ˜ P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
 
1% 1%


0(GF,,  PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[  0(GF,,VXS[  ˜ N1˜ P

05E  N1˜ P  N1˜ P


PRPHQWFDSDELO

PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE  N1˜ P  N1 ˜ P

05E
0GF[  γUG ˜ 0(GF,, ˜  ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE

0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
! ω WRW  
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[   ν  
 EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG
EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG

ω WRW ˜ EVW ˜ KVW ˜ IFG 


$VQHF   ˜ FP
I\G

$VPLQ   ˜ KVW ˜ G  ˜ FP




$V  PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ  ˜ FP

DOHJHPĭ $VHI  FP


x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E

0(GFLQI  PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\  ˜ N1˜ P 0GFLQI  γUG ˜ 0(GFLQI ˜
0(GE
 ˜ N1˜ P


0(GFVXS  PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\  ˜ N1˜ P
0GFVXS  γUG ˜ 0(GFVXS ˜
05E
 ˜ N1˜ P
0(GE
OG  OVWDOS  P  P

0GFVXS  0GFLQI
9(G   ˜ N1
OG

  ˜  PP $VHI


&5GF   η   N    ρO  
 G EVW ˜ G
 
 
ν PLQ   ˜ N ˜ IFN
IFN  

ª« º
»
95GF  «&5GF˜ η ˜ N ˜  ˜ ρ O ˜ IFN » ˜ 03D ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ N1

¬ ¼

9(G  95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY

LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[   ˜ G  ˜ FP
1
IFN ˜

PP  
ρ PLQ    u  DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ   ˜ PP VZ  PP
I\N

$VZ 
ρ HI   u 
EVW ˜ VZ

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU  PD[ ¨  ˜ EVW  PP¸  P
©  ¹

§ KVW ·
VOFU  PLQ ¨ PP  ˜ PP¸  ˜ PP VOFU  PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
©  ¹
  
ρ PLQFU   ˜ EVW ˜ G  ˜ FP $VZ   ˜ PP QHWU   ρ HI  QHWU ˜ $VZ  ˜ FP

&HQWUDO  9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQFU


&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH

&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFH SRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH VHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$UPDUHSODFD
x PDWHULDOHXWLOL]DWH
1 1 1
IFN   IFG
  IFWP  
FODVDEHWRQXOXL&   
PP PP PP
1 1
I\N   I\G
 
DUPDWXUL3&V  
PP PP

0RPHQWHGHDUPDUHGLUHFWLD[ 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUHGLUHFWLD\
x SHUHD]DPH 05  N1˜ P x SHUHD]DPH 05  N1˜ P
05  N1˜ P 05  N1˜ P
05  N1˜ P 05  N1˜ P
05  N1˜ P 05  N1˜ P
x LQFDPS 0&  N1˜ P 05  N1˜ P
0&  N1˜ P 05  N1 ˜ P
0&  N1˜ P x LQFDPS 0&  N1˜ P
0&  N1˜ P
0&  N1˜ P

DUPDUHGLUHFWLD[SHUHD]DPH
FQRP  PP E  P G  P

§ IFWP · 
$VPLQ  PD[ ¨  ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ E ˜ G¸ $VPLQ  ˜ FP
I\N
© ¹
PP
G  KSO  FQRP   P


05  ˜ N1˜ P


05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1 ˜ P
05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1 ˜ P
05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1 ˜ P
05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

DUPDUHGLUHFWLD[SHFDPS
0&  ˜ N1 ˜ P
0&
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

0&  ˜ N1˜ P

0&
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

0&  ˜ N1 ˜ P
0&
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

DUPDUHGLUHFWLD\SHUHD]DPH
FQRP  PP E  P G  P

§ IFWP · 
$VPLQ  PD[ ¨  ˜ ˜ E ˜ G  ˜ E ˜ G¸ $VPLQ  ˜ FP
I\N
© ¹
PP
G  KSO  FQRP   PP  P

05  ˜ N1˜ P

05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1˜ P

05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1˜ P

05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1 ˜ P

05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

05  ˜ N1˜ P

05
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

DUPDUHGLUHFWLD\SHFDPS
0&  ˜ N1 ˜ P

0&
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

0&  ˜ N1˜ P

0&
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

0&  ˜ N1 ˜ P

0&
μ[   ω[      μ
μ[ 

E ˜ G ˜ IFG

IFG
 
$V[  ω [˜ E ˜ G ˜  ˜ FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII  FP
I\G

x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU

Φ  PP FG  PP FG  Φ
α   α      ˜  α    α   α  
σ VG  I\G
 ˜ 03D Φ
IEG  03D
σ VG
OEUTG  Φ Φ˜  ˜ P
IEG
OEG  α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ α  ˜ OEUTG  P


OEPLQ  PD[  ˜ OEUTG  ˜ Φ PP  P

9HULILFDUHDQRGXOXLGHFDGUX

3HGLUHFWLDJULQ]LLORQJLWXGLQDOH
 
$V  FP $V  FP IFN   E  P 1(GFLQI  N1

9F  N1


9MKG  γ5G˜ $V ˜ I\G  9F  ˜ N1

§ IFN · 1(GFLQI
η   ˜ ¨   ¸  νG   EM  P
©  ¹ 
E ˜ IFG
KF  P KJUOR  P

νG
η˜   ˜ EM ˜ KF ˜ IFG L ˜ N1
η
KJUOR  
$VK  $VZ ˜  u  ˜ PP
VZ

I\ZG  I\G  ˜ 03D

$VK ˜ I\ZG  ˜ N1


 ˜ $V  $V ˜ I\G ˜    ˜ ν G  ˜ N1

νG
$)  9(5,),&$ LI 9MKG  η ˜   ˜E ˜K ˜I
η M F FG

$VK ˜ I\ZG !  ˜ $V  $V ˜ I\G ˜    ˜ ν G
18YHULILFD RWKHUZLVH

3HGLUHFWLDJULQ]LLWUDQVYHUVDOH
 
$V  FP $V  FP IFN   E  P

9F  N1


9MKG  γ5G˜ $V ˜ I\G  9F  ˜ N1
§ IFN · 1(GFLQI
η   ˜ ¨   ¸  νG   EM  P
©  ¹ 
E ˜ IFG
KF  P KJUOR  P
νG
η˜   ˜ EM ˜ KF ˜ IFG L ˜ N1
η
KJUOR 
$VK  $VZ ˜  ˜ PP
VZ

I\ZG  I\G  ˜ 03D

$VK ˜ I\ZG  ˜ N1


 ˜ $V  $V ˜ I\G ˜    ˜ ν G  ˜ N1

νG
$)  9(5,),&$ LI 9MKG  η ˜   ˜E ˜K ˜I
η M F FG

$VK ˜ I\ZG !  ˜ $V  $V ˜ I\G ˜    ˜ ν G
18YHULILFD RWKHUZLVH

Anda mungkin juga menyukai