x PDWHULDOHXWLOL]DWH
1 1 1
IFN IFG
IFWP
FODVDEHWRQXOXL&
PP PP PP
1 1
I\N I\G
DUPDWXUL3&V
PP PP
*ULQGDPDUJLQDODORQJLWXGLQDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ FP EJ FP KSO FP KZ KJ KSO P / P EJ
! 2.
KZ
x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ
$VHII FP
$VXSGU $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
9(G γ5G
05E 05E
J γ T OD N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
VPD[ G P
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ u ω μ u
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
η
λ P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIGU $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
VPD[ G P
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ u ω μ u
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N HII
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
η
λ P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
$UPDUH3ODFD(
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
$UPDUH3ODFD(
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ PP
D PP FG Φ
α α ! α α α α
FG PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸
D Φ
P
© ¹
σ VG I\G
03D
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
OEG α α α α α OEUTG P
OEPLQ PD[ OEUTG Φ PP POEPLQ P
x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS
Φ PP FG PP FG Φ
α α α α α α
σ VG I\G
03D Φ
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
O α α α α α α OEUTG P
OPLQ PD[ OEUTG α Φ PP P
*ULQGDLQWHUPHGLDODORQJLWXGLQDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ FP EJ FP KSO FP KZ KJ KSO P / P EJ
! 2.
KZ
x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH
*5
0VWVXS N1 P *5 0VWVXS N1 P *5 0VWVXS N1 P
*5
0VWVXS N1 P *5 0VWVXS N1 P
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ ω μ
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ u ω μ u
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ
$VHII FP
$VXSVW $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ
$VHII FP
$VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P ! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ u ω μ u
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIVW $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
$VXSGU FP
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ u ω μ u
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ
$VHII FP
$VXSGU $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
$UPDUH3ODFD(
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ ω μ
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$VXSVW $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
$LQIVW FP
$VXSGU FP
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
9(G γ5G
05E 05E
J γ T OD N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
$UPDUH3ODFD(
95GPD[ u N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ PP
D PP FG Φ
α α ! α α α α
FG PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸ P
D Φ
© ¹
σ VG I\G
03D
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
OEG α α α α α OEUTG P
OEPLQ PD[ OEUTG Φ PP POEPLQ P
x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS
Φ PP FG PP FG Φ
α α α α α α
σ VG I\G
03D Φ
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
O α α α α α α OEUTG P
OPLQ PD[ OEUTG α Φ PP P
*ULQGDPDUJLQDODWUDQVYHUVDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ FP EJ FP KSO FP KZ KJ KSO P / P EJ
! 2.
KZ
x 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUH
*5
0VWVXS N1 P *5 0VWVXS N1 P *5 0VWVXS N1 P
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ ω μ
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N HII
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU
$LQIVW FP
$VXSGU FP
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[
P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ ω μ
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP
9(G
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ ω μ
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ
$VHII FP
$VXSVW $VHII
FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
$LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP DOHJHPĭ
$VHII FP
$VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODLQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ PP
D PP FG Φ
α α ! α α α α
FG PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸ P
D Φ
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σ VG I\G
03D
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
OEG α α α α α OEUTG P
OEPLQ PD[ OEUTG Φ PP POEPLQ P
x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS
Φ PP FG PP FG Φ
α α α α α α
σ VG I\G
03D Φ
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
O α α α α α α OEUTG P
OPLQ PD[ OEUTG α Φ PP P
*ULQGDLQWHUPHGLDODWUDQVYHUVDODQLYHOFXUHQW
KJ FP EJ FP KSO FP KZ KJ KSO P / P EJ
! 2.
KZ
$50$5(*5,1'$*5
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x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ u ω μ u
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
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I\N
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λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
9(G γ5G
05E 05E
J γ T OD N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP VPD[ G PP
9(G
VPD[ G P
V PLQ VQHF VPD[
P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
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λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
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λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU
$LQIVW FP
$VXSGU FP
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
« »
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[ P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$50$5(*5,1'$*5
DUPDWXUDORQJLWXGLQDOD
x DUPDWUXUDORQJLWXGLQDODLQIHULRDUDLQFDPS 0FHQW N1 P
FQRP PP
FDOFXOPRPHQWUHGXV
0FHQW
μ ω μ
EHII G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EHII G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EHII G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ
FP
DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIVW $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0GUVXS
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ E G FP
I\N J
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $VXSGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
G KZ FQRP PP PP P
0VWLQI
μ ω μ
EJ G IFG
IFG
$QHF ω EJ G FP
I\G
IFWP
$PLQ EJ G FP
I\N
$V PD[ $QHF $PLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHII FP $LQIGU $VHII FP
λ η
P
$VHII I\G
DUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
2EVVHYDIDFHXQVLQJXUFDOFXOSHQWUXREWLQHUHD9(GGHRDUHFH$ LQIVW $LQIGU $VXSVW $VXSGU
$LQIVW FP
$VXSGU FP
γ5G
OD P
N1 N1
J T γ
P P
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1 05F
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E
§ 05F ·
0GE γ5G 05E PLQ ¨ ¸ P N1
© 05E 05E ¹
05E 05E J γ T OD
9(G γ5G N1
OD
γF
F5GF
γF
PP
N
G
$WRW $VXSGU $LQIGU FP
$WRW
ρ u
EJ G
σ FS 03D
N
ν PLQ N §¨ IFN
·
¸ 03D 03D
© 03D ¹
ª« º»
«
»
95GF «F5GF N §¨ ρ IFN
·
¸ N σ FS» EJ G 03D N1
¬ © 03D ¹ ¼
9(G ! 95GF! HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUH
θ
FRWθ θ
WDQθ
α FZ
] G P
IFN
ν
03D
α FZ EJ ] ν IFG
95GPD[ N1
θ WDQθ
FRWθ θ
x HWULHULFXUDPXULGHIRUIHFDUHĭ $VZ FP
$VZ ] I\G
FRWθ
θ
VQHF FP
9(G
V PLQ VQHF VPD[
P! V FP
x ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFH
OFU KZ P
GEO PP
§ KZ · § KZ ·
V d PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ V PLQ ¨ PP GEO¸ FP
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GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDVWDOSXOXLSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDJULQ]LL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ PP
D PP FG Φ
α α ! α α α α
FG PLQ §¨ FQRP·¸
D Φ
P
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03D
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
OEG α α α α α OEUTG P
OEPLQ PD[ OEUTG Φ PP POEPLQ P
x /XQJLPHDGHVXSUDSXQHUHDDUPDWXULORUGLQFDPS
Φ PP FG PP FG Φ
α α α α α α
σ VG I\G
03D Φ
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ
Φ P
IEG
O α α α α α α OEUTG P
OPLQ PD[ OEUTG α Φ PP P
$UPDUH6WDOSL
x PDWHULDOHXWLOL]DWH
1 1 1
IFN IFG IFWP
FODVDEHWRQXOXL&
PP PP PP
1 1
I\N I\G
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PP PP
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QLYHO9,!
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QLYHO,9!
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§ N N N N ·
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¨ N N N N ¸
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1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
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1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
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05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
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1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
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1% 1%
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05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν ! ω WRW
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
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05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
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»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
«
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
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DGLFD PFRQIRUP3
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x QLYHOXO,,
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
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¨© N N N N ¸
¹
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O
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1% 1%
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05E N1 P
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0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
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¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
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05E N1 P
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PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
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N1 P
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OG OVWDOS P P
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9(G N1
OG
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»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
«
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
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&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
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ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO,,,
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
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§ N N N N ·
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¹
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O
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0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
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x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
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O
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0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
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1% 1%
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0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
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EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
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EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
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N1 P
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OG OVWDOS P P
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9(G N1
OG
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»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
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§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO,9
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x Q
LYHOXO9
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
PRPHQWVROLFLWDQW 0(GE N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
«
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$ LI ρ HI ! ρ PLQ
&HQWUDO 9(5,),&$
189(5,),&$ RWKHUZLVH
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO9,
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHULĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
6WDOSPDUJLQDO
PRPHQWHGHDUPDUH< PRPHQWGHDUPDUH[
QLYHO9,!
QLYHO9!
QLYHO,9!
QLYHO,,,!
QLYHO,,!
QLYHO,!
§ N N N N
¸· P
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
«
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODODQLYHOXOVHYDFRQVLGHUD]RQDFULWLFDLQIHULRDUDSDQDODMXPDWDWHDLQDOWLPLVWDOSXOXL
DGLFD PFRQIRUP3
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x QLYHOXO,,
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x Q
LYHOXO,,,
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
Θ[LQI UDG Θ[VXS UDG
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
9(G 95GF! 18HVWHQHFHVDUDUPDWXUDWUDQVYHUVDODSHQWUXSUHOXDUHDIRUWHLWDLHWRDUHHOHVHYRUGLVSXQHFRQVWUXFWLY
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO,9
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E N1 P N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO9
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν ! ω WRW
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN 03D EVW G N1
« »
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO9,
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E N1 P
PRPHQWFDSDELO
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
6WDOSFHQWUDO
PRPHQWGHDUPDUH[
PRPHQWHGHDUPDUH<
QLYHO9,!
QLYHO9!
QLYHO,9!
QLYHO,,,!
QLYHO,,!
QLYHO,!
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x DUPDUHORQJLWXGLQDODGLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDODODQLYHOXOVHYDFRQVLGHUD]RQDFULWLFDLQIHULRDUDSDQDODMXPDWDWHDLQDOWLPLVWDOSXOXL
DGLFD PFRQIRUP3
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x QLYHOXO,,
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N
¸· P
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N
¸· P
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN 03D EVW G N1
« »
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO,,,
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
Θ[LQI UDG Θ[VXS UDG
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
PP $VHI
&5GF η N ρO
G EVW G
ν PLQ N IFN
IFN
ª« º
»
95GF &5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
«
¬ ¼
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x LYHOXO,9
Q
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨ N N N N ¸
© ¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x Q
LYHOXO9
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
$VPLQ KVW G FP $V PD[ $VQHF $VPLQ FP DOHJHPĭ $VHI FP
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
x Q
LYHOXO9,
x GLU\
EVW
Θ\LQI UDG Θ\VXS UDG OVWDOS P ( *3D , u FP
γUG
0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0(GFVXS\ N1 P 1(GFVXS N1 1(GFLQI N1
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI\ 0(GFVXS\
0(GF,,LQI\ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI\ 0(GF,,VXS\ N1 P
05E
0GF\ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
x GLU[
§ N N N N ·
O OVWDOS PD[ ¨ ¸ P
¨© N N N N ¸
¹
π ( ,
1% u N1
O
0(GFLQI[ 0(GFVXS[
0(GF,,LQI[ N1 P 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
1(GFLQI 1(GFVXS
1% 1%
0(GF,, PD[ 0(GF,,LQI[ 0(GF,,VXS[ N1 P
05E
0GF[ γUG 0(GF,, N1 P
0(GE
0GF\ 1(GFVXS
μ\ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
! ω WRW
0GF[ 1(GFLQI
μ[ ν
EVW KVW IFG
EVW KVW IFG
x DUPDUHWUDQVYHUVDOD
05E
0(GFLQI PD[ 0(GFLQI[ 0(GFLQI\ N1 P 0GFLQI γUG 0(GFLQI
0(GE
N1 P
0(GFVXS PD[ 0(GFVXS[ 0(GFVXS\ N1 P
0GFVXS γUG 0(GFVXS
05E
N1 P
0(GE
OG OVWDOS P P
0GFVXS 0GFLQI
9(G N1
OG
ª« º
»
95GF «&5GF η N ρ O IFN » 03D EVW G N1
¬ ¼
LQ]RQDFHQWUDOD
VZPD[ G FP
1
IFN
PP
ρ PLQ u DOHJHPHWULHULĭ $VZ PP VZ PP
I\N
$VZ
ρ HI u
EVW VZ
LQ]RQDFULWLFD
§ OVWDOS ·
OFU PD[ ¨ EVW PP¸ P
© ¹
§ KVW ·
VOFU PLQ ¨ PP PP¸ PP VOFU PP DOHJHPHWULHUGXEOXĭ
© ¹
ρ PLQFU EVW G FP $VZ PP QHWU ρ HI QHWU $VZ FP
&RQFOX]LLSHQWUXDUPDUHDWUDQVYHUVDOD
LQ]RQHOHFULWLFHSRWHQWLDOSODVWLFHVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPPSHR
GLVWDQWDOFUPDVXUDWGHODIDWDJULQ]LSHDPEHOHFDSHWHDVWDOSXOXL
LQ]RQDFHQWUDODDJULQ]LLVHYDDUPDWUDQVYHUVDOFXĭPP
$UPDUHSODFD
x PDWHULDOHXWLOL]DWH
1 1 1
IFN IFG
IFWP
FODVDEHWRQXOXL&
PP PP PP
1 1
I\N I\G
DUPDWXUL3&V
PP PP
0RPHQWHGHDUPDUHGLUHFWLD[ 0RPHQWHGHDUPDUHGLUHFWLD\
x SHUHD]DPH 05 N1 P x SHUHD]DPH 05 N1 P
05 N1 P 05 N1 P
05 N1 P 05 N1 P
05 N1 P 05 N1 P
x LQFDPS 0& N1 P 05 N1 P
0& N1 P 05 N1 P
0& N1 P x LQFDPS 0& N1 P
0& N1 P
0& N1 P
DUPDUHGLUHFWLD[SHUHD]DPH
FQRP PP E P G P
§ IFWP ·
$VPLQ PD[ ¨ E G E G¸ $VPLQ FP
I\N
© ¹
PP
G KSO FQRP P
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05 N1 P
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05 N1 P
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05 N1 P
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
DUPDUHGLUHFWLD[SHFDPS
0& N1 P
0&
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
0& N1 P
0&
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
0& N1 P
0&
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
DUPDUHGLUHFWLD\SHUHD]DPH
FQRP PP E P G P
§ IFWP ·
$VPLQ PD[ ¨ E G E G¸ $VPLQ FP
I\N
© ¹
PP
G KSO FQRP PP P
05 N1 P
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05 N1 P
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05 N1 P
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
05
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
DUPDUHGLUHFWLD\SHFDPS
0& N1 P
0&
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
0&
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
0& N1 P
0&
μ[ ω[ μ
μ[
E G IFG
IFG
$V[ ω [ E G FP DOHJHP ĭPP $HII FP
I\G
x $QFRUDUHDEDUHORU
Φ PP FG PP FG Φ
α α α α α
σ VG I\G
03D Φ
IEG 03D
σ VG
OEUTG Φ Φ P
IEG
OEG α α α α α OEUTG P
OEPLQ PD[ OEUTG Φ PP P
9HULILFDUHDQRGXOXLGHFDGUX
3HGLUHFWLDJULQ]LLORQJLWXGLQDOH
$V FP $V FP IFN E P 1(GFLQI N1
9F N1
9MKG γ5G $V I\G 9F N1
§ IFN · 1(GFLQI
η ¨ ¸ νG EM P
© ¹
E IFG
KF P KJUOR P
νG
η EM KF IFG L N1
η
KJUOR
$VK $VZ u PP
VZ
$V $V I\G ν G N1
νG
$) 9(5,),&$ LI 9MKG η E K I
η M F FG
$VK I\ZG ! $V $V I\G ν G
18YHULILFD RWKHUZLVH
3HGLUHFWLDJULQ]LLWUDQVYHUVDOH
$V FP $V FP IFN E P
9F N1
9MKG γ5G $V I\G 9F N1
§ IFN · 1(GFLQI
η ¨ ¸ νG EM P
© ¹
E IFG
KF P KJUOR P
νG
η EM KF IFG L N1
η
KJUOR
$VK $VZ PP
VZ
$V $V I\G ν G N1
νG
$) 9(5,),&$ LI 9MKG η E K I
η M F FG
$VK I\ZG ! $V $V I\G ν G
18YHULILFD RWKHUZLVH