Symptomatology:

Actu Signs and Symptoms Rationale

al
√ Fever - Patient manifested on and off fever at 37-
38°C.
General malaise - General body malaise is not noted due to
patient’s age (2 years old). Patient is unable
to report feelings of general body malaise.
√ Chest discomfort - Chest discomfort is manifested through
frequent crying and the use of accessory
muscles of respiration.
√ Cough - Frequent productive coughing is observed.
√ Respiratory rate above 40 - Respiratory rate is taken at 54 cpm (N° = 30-
breaths per minute 40cpm), tachypneic, with nasal flaring, use of
accessory muscles of respiration and chest
elevation.
Signs of hemoglobin - Hemoglobin desaturation indicates poor
desaturation oxygen perfusion.
Respiratory Failure - Only seen in severe cases.
√ Colds - Runny nose is noted in the patient.
Crackles - Adventitious sounds noted upon respiration
during auscultation indicating presence of
phlegm.
Consolidation present on - Patients Xray result is not yet in during study.
chest X-ray
Chills - No chills noted.
Pathophysiology:

Precipitating Factor: Predisposing Factors:

- S. Pneumoniae - Age (2 years old)

- Colds

- Air pollution

- Inhalation of noxious
substance (passive

Aspiration of
small amount of
organism

Penetration of organism
in the sterile respiratory
tract in the lower
airways

Colonization of organism

Inflammatory reaction in
the alveoli

Exudation of fluid into

the air filled spaces of
the alveoli

Chills Production of purulent Elevated WBC

Fever sputum Patchy lobar
Body malaise infiltrates
(radiograph)
 ↓ Oxygen-Carbon
Dioxide Exchange

↑ Respiratory Rate

If NOT TREATED TREATED

Respiratory Failure Discharged

DEATH