DATABASE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEMS

SUBMITTED TO
MR. ABDUL GHAFFAR KHAN

SUBMITTED BY
Ahmed Mushtaq 081426
Sana Mushtaq 081425
Shehr Bano 081416
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

• Introduction to Shaukat Khanum

• Mission Statement

• Database

• Entity Relationship Diagram(ERD)

• Entity

• Entities of Shaukat Khanum

• Tables in Access Database

• Relationships

• Query

• Forms
• Reports

• Switchboard

• Conclusion

• Bibliography
INTRODUCTION TO SHAUKAT
KHANAM HOSPITAL

Over the past decade, SKMCH&RC has established itself as a centre of excellence
providing comprehensive care free of cost to thousands of indigent cancer patients. This
pioneering, state-of-the-art hospital located in the heart of the Punjab was founded by
Imran Khan, one of Pakistan's most illustrious cricketers. As a charitable institute, it is
funded predominantly from the donations of friends and well-wishers from around the
country and across the world.
The inspiration to build the Hospital came from the misfortune and suffering of one
individual, Shaukat Khanum, the mother of legendary captain of Pakistan's World Cup–
winning cricket team, Imran Khan.
His mother's death and the personal experience of dealing with cancer in a loved one
convinced him of the need for a state of the art cancer center with access to everyone,
including those who could not otherwise afford the expensive care. The result was the
Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, in Lahore, the first and
only cancer hospital of international standards in Pakistan, dedicated to providing first-
class treatment of cancer to all its patients, irrespective of their ability to pay.
 MISSION STATEMENT

To act as a model institution to alleviate the suffering of patients with cancer through the
application of modern methods of curative and palliative therapy irrespective of their
ability to pay, the education of health care professionals and the public and perform
research into the causes and treatment of cancer.
 OVERVIEW
Our project is concerned with the database of the doctors, medicine, patients, and
patient’s treatment wards of SHAUKAT KHANAM HOSPITAL. The main purpose of
this report is to accommodate the user in such a way that he/she can easily enter
information, access it and maintain the database without the hassle of data redundancy.
DATABASE is an organized collection of logically related data. DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS). A software system that is used to create,
maintains, and provides controlled access to user databases. DBMS manages data
resources like an operating system manages hardware resources

CURRENT SYSTEM
Currently Shaukat Khanum is using Microsoft Excel to maintain the entire database of
the hospital. Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet program provides an alternative environment
for many of the computations required for Macro-Investment Analysis. Its ubiquity and
ease of use are among its more attractive features. However, spreadsheets are notoriously
dangerous, since the underlying logic of a set of calculations is usually contained in
formulas scattered around a sheets. Worse yet, the formulas are usually hidden from
sight, behind the numbers representing the results of their calculations. These
disadvantages loom especially large when an environment is to be chosen primarily as a
means of communication. Users must create subset directories for data management.
Excel data can be lost when the application is broken down into many files. Viruses can
be attached to an Excel file through macros. Macros are mini programs that are written
into an Excel spread sheet

PROPOSED SYSTEM
Excel may be fine if an organization only has a small amount of data, and if it don't have
many attributes against each piece of data. It may be fine if an organization don't have
much in the way of relational data across multiple worksheets. Once you start storing
many attributes against each piece of data, and perhaps you find yourself repeating
information across multiple worksheets, then it's time to start using Access. If we need to
work on a huge number of sets of data, which we have to sort, filter, group, and create
subgroups on which to calculate or extract values we are better off with Access.
The process of creating groups within groups and then performing calculations on those
is way more cumbersome in Excel. Excel on the other hand will be better for analyzing
up to a few hundred records of data. Another important reason for using Access over
Excel is, if you need to generate a lot of queries and reports. Access is much better suited
for doing this compared to Excel. As Shaukat Khanum is a huge organization we
proposed them to maintain their data in Access.

Database File:This is your main file that encompasses the entire database and that is
saved to your hard-drive or floppy disk

TABLES: A table is a collection of data about a specific topic, such as students or

contacts. Using a separate table for each topic means that you store that data only once,
which makes your database more efficient, and reduces data-entry errors.

FORMS A form is a graphical representation of a table. A form is very good to use when
you have numerous fields in a table. This way you can see all the fields in one screen
.
QUERY:A question answered from the database as posed in a particular querying
language. The result of a query is a table in which the columns are the attributes the user
wants to see and the rows are different instances of those attributes that satisfy the
qualification entered by the user.

REPORTS: A report is an effective way to present your data in a printed format.

Because you have control over the size and appearance of everything on a report, you can
display the information the way you want to see it
 Treatment
SHAUKAT KHANUM
Treatment_ID
ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM
Treatment_Description

(ERD)

Patient_Treatment Doctor
Patient Patient_ID Doctor_ID
Patient_ID Doctor_ID Doctor_Number
Patient_Name Ward_ID Doctor_Fee
Patient_NIC Treatment_ID
Addmission_Date Time
Discharge_Date Date
Result

Ward
Ward_ID
Ward_Name
Ward_Charges
Receipt
Receipt_ID
Patient_ID
Doctor_ID
Ward_ID
Medicine_ID

Medicine
Medicine_ID
Medicine_Name
Medicine_Dues
Entity Relationship Diagram

As seen in the Entity Relationship Diagram represent the patient receiving a treatment
from a doctor. When a patient arrives at the hospital a new customer database is started
by entering the detail of that patient (Patient ID, Name, NIC #, Admission date and
Discharge date)The associative entity type PATIENT TREATMENT has the attributes
Patient ID, Doctor ID, Ward ID Treatment ID Time and Results) values are recorded for
these attributes for each instance of PATIENT TREATMENT. The patient was entered in
the Ward(Ward ID Ward Name Ward Charges) for the Treatment(Treatment ID and
Treatment Description) and he was prescribed the Medicine(Medicine ID,Medicine
Name and Medicine Dues) The associative entity type RECEIPT has the attributes
Receipt ID, Doctor ID, Patient ID, Ward ID,Medicine ID)
ENTITY
• INSTANCE
A person, place, object, event or concept which often corresponds to a row in a
table of Microsoft access.

• TYPE
A collection of entities which often corresponds to a table.

ENTITIES OF SHAUKAT KHANUM

MEMORIAL CANCER HOSPITAL
DATABASE
MAJOR ENTITIES
• Doctors
• Patients
• Wards
• Medicine
• Treatment

ASSOCIATIVE ENTITIES
• Patient_ treatment
• receipts

ATTRIBUTES:

Doctors

• Doctors ID
• Doctors Number
• Doctors Fee
Patients
• Patient ID
• Patient Name
• Patient NIC
• Admission Date
• Discharge Date

Wards
• Ward ID
• Ward Name
• Ward Charges

Medicine
• Medicine ID
• Medicine Name
• Medicine dues

Treatment
• Treatment ID
• Treatment Description

Patient Treatment
• Patient ID
• Doctor ID
• Ward ID
• Treatment ID
• Results
• Time
• Date
Receipts
• Receipts ID
• Patient ID
• Doctor ID
• Ward ID
• Medicine ID
 TABLES IN ACCESS DATABASE
DOCTOR TABLE

Primary key: doctor_id

Field Name Data Type Field Size

doctors_id Text 50
doctors_number Text 50
doctors_fee Currency

MEDICINE- TABLE

Primary key: medicine_id

Field Name Data Type Field Size

medicine_id Text 50
medicine_ name Text 50
medicine_dues Currency
PATIENT TREATMENT TABLE

Primary key: patient_id,doctors_id,ward_id,treatment_id,time,date

Field Name Data Type Field Size

patient_id Text 50
doctors_id Text 50
ward_id Text 50
treatment_id Text 50
time Date/Time
results Text 50
PATIENT TABLE

Primary key: patient_id

Field Name Data Type Field Size

patient_id Text 50
patient_name Text 50
patient_NIC Text 50
admission_date Date/Time
discharge_date Date/Time

WARD TABLE

Primary key: ward_id

Field Name Data Type Field Size

ward_id Text 50
ward_number Text 50
ward_charges Currency
RECEIPT TABLE

Primary key: Receipt_id,Patient id,doctors_id,ward_id,medicine_id

Field Name Data Type Field Size

Receipt_id Text 50
Patient_id Text 50
doctors_id Text 50
ward_id Text 50
medicine_id Text 50

TREATMENT TABLE

Primary key: treatment_id

Field Name Data Type Field Size

treatment_id Text 50
treatmen_description Date/Time
 RELATIONSHIPS
• INSTANCE
Link between entities which corresponds to primary key to foreign key
equivalencies in related tables.
• TYPE
category of relationship that is link between entity types.

RELATIONSHIP#1
RELATIONSHIP TYPE: One to Many
STATEMENT: Doctor gives Patient Treatment

PATIENT
TREATMENT DOCTOR

RELATIONSHIP#2
RELATIONSHIP TYPE: One to Many
STATEMENT: Doctor Info is included in the receipts.

DOCTOR RECEIPTS
RELATIONSHIP#3
RELATIONSHIP TYPE: One to Many
STATEMENT: Patient gets the Patient Treatment

PATIENT
TREATMENT
PATIENT

RELATIONSHIP#4
RELATIONSHIP TYPE: One to Many
STATEMENT: Treatment prescribed for the Patient Treatment

PATIENT
TREATMENT
TREATMENT
RELATIONSHIP#5
RELATIONSHIP TYPE: One to Many
STATEMENT: Patient Treatment takes place in the hospital Ward

PATIENT
WARD
TREATMENT

RELATIONSHIP#6
RELATIONSHIP TYPE: One to Many
STATEMENT: Ward Info is included in the Receipts.

RECEIPTS WARD
RELATIONSHIP#7
RELATIONSHIP TYPE : One to Many
STATEMENT: Patient gets Receipts at the time of discharge

RECEIPTS Patient

RELATIONSHIP#8
RELATIONSHIP TYPE : One to Many
STATEMENT: Medicine record are entered in the receipts

RECEIPTS MEDICINE
QUERY
PATIENT TREATMENT QUERY
RECEIPT QUERY
 FORMS
DOCTOR FORM:
MEDICINE FORM
PATIENT TREATMENT FORM
PATIENT FORM
PATIENT RECEIPT FORM
TREATMENT FORM
WARD FORM
 REPORTS
PATIENT RECEIPTS
PATIENT TREATMENT
 SWITCHBOARD

MAIN SWITCHBOARD
FORM SWITCHBOARD:
REPORT SWITCHBOARD
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Modern Database Management
• Jaffrey A.Hoffer
• Mary B Prescott
• Fred R Mac Fadden

Websites
• http://www.shaukatkhanum.org.pk
• http://images.google.com.pk/images?
hl=en&q=shaukat+khanum&btnG=Search+Images&gbv=2