GSM KPI Improvement Process / Guidelines ERICSSON 3 TAKING YOUrcscon BKey Performance Indicators - KPIs DCCH Blocking DCCH Drop CH Drop Rate andover Success Rate Limited Internat 2 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Accessibility Definition Call to an MS MSC/VLR 1. MSC/VLR sends paging command to all BSCs | belonging to the location area (LA) where MS is located TRC 2. BSC forwards the paging command to all BTSs in that 1 LA, and the BTSs in their turn page the MS on the PCH 3. The MS responds to the BTS on the RACH and the 2 4. The BSCs checks with the BTS if it has an SDCCH available and the BTS grants the MS an SDCCH by using the AGCH BSC 2 Ja me BTS forwards the response to the BSC (forward to MSC) 3 Ak A, 5. The MS and the BTS signal on the SDCCH, measurement reports sent on SACCH are forwarded from BTS the BTS to the BSC and once the signalling is done the é BSC decides which TCH to use BTS 5 SV 6. TCH connection established between MS and BTS 3 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion — Overview SDCCH Activities: = Mobility Management — Normal Location update — Periodic Registration — IMSI Attach / Detach = Connection Management — Call setup — SMS Point to Point — Fax Setup — Supplementary Services 4 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion — Overview Channel Configuration: = Channel Configuration can be done as follow — Combined BCCH/SDCCH on 1 TS (SDCCH/4) — Non-Combined BCCH and SDCCH on 2 TS (SDCCH/8) = Cell Broadcast Channel (CBCH) — The Cell Broadcast service provides the transmission of an SMS from a message-handling centre to all MSs in the serving area of the BTS. — Ifthe Cell Broadcast service is active in a cell, one signaling sub-channel is replaced by one CBCH resulting in a SDCCH/7 5 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion — Overview SDCCH Channel Allocation Profile (CHAP) = Channel Allocation is the feature that selects and allocates suitable channels when one or more channels are required = Channel Allocation Profile (CHAP) is the parameter that provides different channel allocation strategies = For SDCCH assignments, CHAP 8 prioritize new assignments as follows: 1. OL/SDCCH 2. UL/ISDCCH (if OL/SDCCH is congested) Limited Internat 6 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion — Overview A new assignment will use the SDCCH in OL first [p [P| fo (CHGR 0) BB accu timestot S| SDCCH timeslot [r] TCH timeslot P| PDCH tim UL (CHGR 1) If the OL is congested, the SDCCH in UL will be used [p [P| } OL(CHGR0) | Note SDCCH congestion in the OL will increment, but this is not customer UL (CHGR 1) perceived since the SDCCH in UL will then be utilized 7 NPI Training - Retainabilty 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BSDCCH Dimensioning Strategy GOS Approach: = _SDCCH should be dimensioned for better GOS compare to TCH. Typical range is 0.5% - 1%. = Immediate Assignment of TCH with “TCH as last option strategy” is recommended. = — It is recommended to add SDCCH when 0.5 Erlang of signaling traffic is carried by TCH. = Half Rate penetration, usage of Extended Range cell and HSCSD should be taken into consideration. STS Approach: = Accurate dimensioning is achieved by using STS cell statistics 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BSDCCH Congestion Optimization Analyze the following issues that could be possible reasons for SDCCH Congestion: " SDCCH Dimensioning " Incorrect use of SDCCH capacity features such as Adaptive Configuration of Logical channels " TCH Congestion = Location Areas not optimized = SMS usage and Cell Broadcast channel " SDCCH Availability 9 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion Optimization The following recommendations will have a positive impact on SDCCH congestion = Try not to use combined BCCH/SDCCH (SDCCH/4) = Use the optional SDCCH capacity features such as the Adaptive Configuration of Logical Channel feature when available. " Use Immediate Assignment on TCH, SDCCH first. = For manual dimensioning, use STS cell statistics = Configure one SDCCH on the BCCH carrier and the others on the hopping layer (Non-BCCH) " Use the Ericsson SDCCH Dimensioning guideline. Limited Internat 10 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion Optimization The following issues are worth taking into account when analyzing SDCCH Congestion: =" Use LAPD STS statistics to evaluate LAPD congestion and optimize the LAPD Concentration factor = Analyze border cells with a large amount of random access attempts resulting in SDCCH congestion. — Use Random Access optimization to solve the SDCCH congestion = Take into account Timeslot priority when deciding where to configure SDCCH/8 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Congestion Optimization SDCCH ‘¢ C heck H _—SDCCH Congestion Optimization C heck ecSDCCH Drops — Overview SDCCH Drops are classified into one of the following categories: SDCCH Drops because of Timing Advance SDCCH Drops because of Low Signal Strength SDCCH Drops because of Bad Quality SDCCH Drops due to Other Reasons 4 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Drops — Overview Signaling Connection Set-up BSC Step related RA counter __SCCP Conn, Conf. , Lit 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BSDCCH Drops — Overview Assignment: Assignment to Serving Cell Le Assignment Compl. / : : RF Channel Release, old channel i a TO 16 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Drops — Overview Connection Release, Normal Disconnection eon MSC BSC Clear Command. Clear Complete Deactivate SACCH q_Release Indication __RF Channel Release / ‘¢_ RE Channel Release Ack : © SCCP Rel. : _ ‘¢_SCCP Rel. Ack. Limited Internat 7 NPI Training - Retainabjity 2005.09.30 ERICSSON &SDCCH Drops — Overview Connection Release, Abnormal Disconnection MSC BSC BTS ‘Clear Request L Clear Command _, / Channel Release ——S—=—e—eon@anmnnn"@ ‘ Clear Complete Deactivate SACCH Release Indication a Sr RE Channel Release > « RF Channel Release Ack : | _SCCP Rel. eae SE 4g SCCP Rel. Ack. Limifed internat 18 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Drop Optimization Analyze the following issues that could be possible reasons for SDCCH Drops: " Low signal strength = Interference = Pathloss Imbalance between UL/DL = High Timing Advance "MS error or Subscriber behavior = TCH Congestion = Transmission Congestion (LAPD Concentration) "Hardware or Transmission failures 19 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Drop Optimization The following issues are worth taking into account when analyzing SDCCH Drops: = SDCCH Drops and TCH Drops often drop because of the same RF reasons, such as for example insufficient coverage = Only use SDCCH power regulation and SDCCH HO when the network has good coverage = BSC and transmission problems can impact SDCCH drops so investigate Transcoders, A-interface and LAPD = SDCCH Drops on the hopping layer are normally showing worse values than SDCCH on the BCCH 20 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &SDCCH Drop Optimization C hee kSDCCH Drop Optimization NPI Training - RetainabiltyTCH Drop — Overview Connection Release, Normal Disconnection Wwe MSC Clear Command > Deactivate SACCH , Release Indication RF Channel Release , ¢ RF Channel Release Ack | SCCP Rel. —_—> @_SOCP Rel. Ack. Limited Interna 23 NPI Training - Retainablity 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop — Overview Connection Release, Abnormal Disconnection We Release Indication hoo +... RF Channel Release > RF Channel Release __Ack I SCCP_Rel. Ack. <<.TCH Drop — Drop Call Reasons The TCH Drop Call reasons has the following priority order: = Excessive TA — TA> TALIM cell parameter = Low signal strength in downlink and/or uplink — SSUL BADQUL (BSC parameter) — RxQualDL> BADQDL = Sudden loss of connection — None of the above = Other — Non radio-related 25 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Drop Call Reasons The TCH Drop Call reasons counters: LOWSSUL SS downlink SS uplink -60 z TxDISSQADL = TxDISSQAUL s TxDISSQABL 2 TxDISSDL 104 TP TTT TT sss -110 xDISSBL TxDISSUL AWD TPT TTT se -115 > NPI Training - Retainabilty -60 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop parameters = RLINKT Radio Link Time -out a oe veTCH Drop parameters RLINKT The MS sends measurement reports regarding the signal strength of neighbor cells every 480 ms = Ifthe BTS does not receive a measurement report the RLINKT timer is decreased by 1. = If anew report is received the timer is increased by 2. " Leaky bucket. When reaches 0 call is dropped 28 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Optimization = Analyze the following issues that could be possible reasons for poor TCH Drop performance: — Low Signal strength on Uplink/Downlink — Interference on Uplink/Downlink — Excessive TA — Incorrect/Not optimum Parameter settings for example power regulation — Missing Ncells or Congestion in Ncells — MSor MS Battery problems — Subscriber Behavior — Antenna/Hardware or Transmission faults — Incorrect Installations 29 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Optimization " The following issues often cause TCH Sudden Drops: — Very sudden and severe drop in signal strength, such as when — subscribers enter into buildings, elevators, parking garages, etc. — Very sudden and severe occurrence of interference or bad quality. — MSrunning out of battery during conversation. — Handover Lost — BTS HW faults. — Synchronization or Abis link fault (transmission faults). — MS Faults 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop — Optimization C heckTCH Drop — OptimizationTCH Drop — OptimizationTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - MOTS: MOTS MOTS_tool Limited Internat 34 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: AssignmentRequest 1L01673 17:04:49 HandoverCommand 1L01673 1L04071 17:05:15 HandoverComplete 1L04071 17:05:16 HandoverCommand 104074 ILoo0s3 17:05:27 HandoverComplete ILo00s3 17:05:27 HandoverCommand 1L00053, 1L04072 17:05:57 HandoverComplete §Lo4072 17:05:58 = Sts HandoverCommand §Lo4072 1L02752 17:06:37 HandoverComplete 1Lo2752 17:06:39 ClearRequest * 1L02752 17:06:49 r N start | ClearCommand 1L02752 17:06:49 Drop (Clear Request) because wrong decision to HO from 1L04072 to IL02752. Wa Solution: Inhibit that HO relation. Actual drop - position *: STS pegged drop in IL02752 Se: Actual drop occured south of IL04072 35 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: BSIC Confusion In this example mobiles do not handover to the correct cell but to a cell whose frequency it measure previously. In RPMO, can be seen from the drop table. For example in the map a mobile traveling south needed to handov er from IL0020.2 to IL1058.0. 1L1058.0 has BCCH 137, and IL0404.3 has BCCH is 137. Mobile meas ured 1L0404 previously, and this can be seen from RPMO measurement reports. When mobile needed to handover from 1L0020.2 to IL1058.0, it act ually makes wrong handover to 1L0404.3. 36 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Dropped Call due to Bad Quality All drops due to bad quality UL/DL can be seen easily from RPMO The table below is a example of a short call. Call ID is 59714, 3 aNneso sari4 sorta ec0ccc0De 00000000000 0 é 2 z g 3 sora Mecsromentepat Meas rerrertRepart SO714 MecsurerrertRepart 59714 Mecromertfepat 8714 MecsrerrertRepat SO714 Meccurementfepat 50714 MecsurerrertRepat 50714 MecarerrertRepart SO714 Meccurerrentfepat 50714 Meas rerrertRepat 597 14 Meccurorentfepat 50714 MeccurerrertRepat SB714 Mexsromertepart SB714 Mecaurorentfepat SB714 MecsrerrertRepart 5O714 Mexsromertepat SO714 Messe mertepot R714 CeaRoquest SB714 CeaCorrend 4 3 22 = > 2 2 ¢ 9 ror 174313 10 174316 10 174319 10 174321 10 14324 11 174328 10 174328 11 qass 14 wast 11 74337 11 wasao 11 174342 10 was 11 qwasar 11 174350 11 17435311 174355 11 174350 11 17:44:00 17:44:00 NNNNNO oR aN OANNOUON We can easily see that RXQual DL was bad since the call started. In this market, RLINK timer set to 32. Therefore, there may be s seconds before the clear command. The table shows several missing report between starting from 17: Limited Internal a7 NPI Training - Retainabilty ants HITT SSNNNNNSNNSGEN BUR speee regency qa os HEMMER R RRR Re RES 2 43:44 until 17:44:00. udSLa Dasw aaanaaeaaoucaoouon 2005.09.30 5NAN ec00ccoo0cCD000CRD00 drop and measurement table. and it lasted about 47 seconds. ome measurement missing ~16 rotane pa NRRRRIRRPELBRVVVTS ericsson 2@ Nossoma SUI] Pp j1eo siuj ajdwexe si} u| mo} eyNb si (7A [eae] XY) 7INTY pue 'M ‘Jsenbal Je9[9 ay} a1oJeq Ped ay] Je YOO] OM 4! ‘ajqe} OU} UI Yio [2021 XY SS MO] 0} anp paddos “Cid 1849] Xx) TaTY Jeu) ees Ue 9 “syul] YIog 0} anp doup e si aJ04} UayM aes UES om ‘sodas JUeWauNseeW WO jeuBis moj 0} anp paddoup sjje9 ay) aes UBD af ‘OWde Ul! UBue. Jo JGNN u6ue.js jeuBbls mo} $$ Peg 0} anp |1e9 paddoig SERSSEESSSRERREEESSEEERE -Neoe PURSOEECRDAARISESES EPA oMenad ONDAADDAAADDADARDARDARDRR ce li asoacao0ac000000n00000 NNONNNONNOONNNNN NOS O09 dda aR MATA OGaaggoNoda OW HETOV+0=NNONNABNOgO URRCRRT ERT OCHS RB OsaaN GRUGABIABNG dated ewaaas 0000000000000000000000 ooooonoooooonooaoooon N@NOOOON20000004N4NO4N Pryuena cr neD 2 z ‘OINdY - SOUBWIOLIaY dolg HDL a}ebNseu| < FE ano aaow ants alates Masia oasw BEB ORY SE BSO PRP SY BS 2tboranee uoneziwdo — dolq HOLTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Z 4NIIeD9 i Te1s7 Te137 e157 Terr Te137 Tee Te1s7 Tear 7e137 Te1s7 Te137 78137 Tear Tear e157 Te1s7 Te137 Te137 Te1s7 Tear Dropped Call due to RLINK 8 tones toes tLooes1 tones toes tLoae31 tones tones toes tones tLoae31 tLoaes1 tLooes1 tLooe31 tLooes1 tLooes1 tLooe31 toes tones tLooe31 4 Z a > an0w 756841 75544 75846 175 549 175582 7B 7558 7559 175801 175804 175807 175810 175812 175815 175818 175821 175823 75825 17582 6 175825 DAAAAADAADARARR ADD NNANNANN NB oa s 0000 In the table we can see drop that happened due to RLINK timer. In this example the call started on cell 1L00231, and ended in t 45 seconds. If we look at the last 16 seconds of the call, we can see severa If we see 255 or or RXQual=15 we can assume that these values ar In this example we dropped the call due to low signal strength d Limit 39 qaou ante QOBRONOOSON qaTa 7 18 “yyuny sees s 25 e missing ownlink tos ERSNARBIERASs 0000000000-+000-uN x a Bea udSLa Odsw 5NIN aoagaaeannonagooe CONVOULOLOBVOLOOY | missing measurement reports. 2005.09.30 RRO RRRRR YOR SS - aR Mwooane pes he same cell. The call lasted around ericsson 2TCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Pi 5 ax corde tom more 22 Men ‘ums ors & teuewees tap oe By Sovactey tian tor ZB iie” am tas tm | re @ tetecees tae me By Savttae tas owe @ tmtewese ia Be By Sotto Sen farm & tmtowens Fe faa Be Sate toms tae teens toms tae B one ee, toen fas Z Walecomed Fe eo fone pa 7 one as was | Me 205 7 i 27 Oucarmert tose ms MES a0 Dropped Call due Handover Timer —-—13103B1 This timer expires ~11 to 14 seconds after handover command sent : When the timer expire, we can assume that handover command that was sent was not heard either by the cell, or by mobile. The table shows an example of a drop happened due to this reason . If we look the time stamp 17:05:23, we can see that we request channel from 1L04271, and h andover was initiated the very same second. However, about 12 seconds after handover command, we can see tha t call drop. As we know, this can not be a RLINK timer drop because it is set to 32 (~16 secon ds). ining - Retainabilty 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Ms BTS asc ars orinating " CHACT 9) “2 Normal activation procedure for tanscoder. “3CLEAR_REG is invoking ine GLEAR for both old and new channel. "4HO_ACC is never received in BTS. Handover Timer — T3103B1 Limited Internat a NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: 2 m 9 9° a 9° gs 9 2 3 2 £ = g 5 Fy z 3 . 3 Bg 8 5 e = 2 s 2 3 3 2 i eG 733ChannelBusy 102813. 17:04:04 1 SDCCH 733HandoverCommand 1L04293__1L00423 17:04:23 733 ChannelBusy 1L01831 17:19:46 1 733HandoverCommand —IL04271_—1L01831_— 17:19:46 RADIO INTERFERENCE MESSAGE 733 ClearRequest 1L04271 17:19:54 FAILURE TCH (FR) RADIO INTERFERENCE MESSAGE 733 ClearCommand 1L04271 17:19:54 FAILURE TCH (FR) Dropped Call due Handover Timer — T3103B2 This timer usually expires ~ 8 to ~10 seconds after hand over co mmand request. + When this timer expires, we can assume that the MS, or target ce II heard HO command but we do. not have any respond from them. * — In the table we can see that at 17:19:46 we have handover command from IL04271 to IL01831. + We have clear request coming in 17:19:54 — 8 seconds after handover command ited Internal 2 NPI Training - Retainabl 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Ms BTS BSC BTs originating “1 MS back on old channel but HO_FAIL failed. 72 Normal activation procedure tor transcoder. *3 CLEAR_REG is invoking the CLEAR for both old and new channel. Handover Timer — T3103B2 Limited Internat 2 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &TCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Cell 973 ee Cell 2431 5 = a aul vuTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - RPMO: Cell 2431 (ag) Cell 973 RB t t t t > 17:31:50 :00 10 :20 :30 :40 :50. 17:33:00 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BTCH Drop — Optimization Investigate TCH Drop Performance - DIP EI DIP Limited Internat 46 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover - Overview = The fundamental concept of mobile communications is the mobility, where the person using the phone moves around being handed over between cells = HANDOVER is the process that ensures that the user is placed on the best server and that the following requirements for mobile communications are fulfilled: — Coverage: to provide a connection with sufficient signal strength — Speech Quality: to avoid disturbances — Capacity: to even out the traffic load " LOCATING Is the software algorithm that determines Handover Decisions a NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover - Overview lH ODetect If all signaling goes well, call is i Mobile has moved too far away established on target cell and old i from serving site channel is released. : FACCH can't reach (C/I-wise) : Drop! 48 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating = Basic Handover Candidate list 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating ne " Types of cell Ke border . transition border (K-L border) borders —_— equal L \ effective sufficient level from B toA \ 7 Y effective sufficient level — from A to B X transition border (K-L border) 50 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Basic Ranking: Ericsson 3 = The first three stages of the algorithm are performed in exactly the same way as Ericsson 1, but Ericsson 3 takes only the signal strength in account: 1. Correction of the BTS output power for downlink measurements Evaluation of the Minimum Signal Strength condition Subtraction of the signal strength penalties Signal Strength Evaluation Combination into a basic ranking list sorted by a descending order of SS a UES eto pret ga PON 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Basic Ranking: Ericsson 3 RANK= SS_DOWN = ae RANK = p_SS_DOWNOFFSE,L,- HYST, : where HYST = HIHYST if rxebuYSTSEP HYST = LOHYST if rxeMYSTSEP 82 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Au Six auxiliary radio network functions are incorporated in the locating software: * Assignment to another cell * Hierarchical cell structures * Overlaid and underlaid subcells + Intra-cell handover * Extended range * Cell load sharing Limited Internal 53 NPI Training - Retainabilty ary Radio Network functions evaluation Penaty it 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Auxiliary Radio Network functions evaluation ‘Categorization 1 Cell Load Sharing Evaluation ‘Overlaid/Underiaid Suboell Evaluation Ina Cell Handover Evaluation Removal of Candidates Fast Moving Mobile YES Prioritize Higher Layer Categorization 2 Order the Candidates Prepare Candidate List ) Muxiiary feature, evaluation only performed when used always performed NPI Training - Retainabilty 2005-09-30 ericsson BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Auxiliary Radio Network functions evaluation = Categorization 1: The candidates in the ranking list are divided into categories. The signal strength is usedto ~™ set the categories for the neighboring cells. The existing categories are: — Better cell: Cell with a higher ranking value than i in the candidate list. Cell with a lower ranking value than serving cell in the candidate list. — Serving cell: The cell serving the connection. BRU E EL ale = These categories are later used in evaluations and selection of cause values 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Cell Load Sharing Evaluation The cell load sharing evaluation is performed te after the normal ranking procedure. The evaluation is only performed if — cell load sharing is active for the cell — ifno urgency conditions apply and — if the channel is a TCH where the channel mode is "speech/data” A channel in a multislot configuration is not evaluated. Further, no evaluation is performed at request of a candidate list for assignment. BRU E EL ale Limited Internat 56 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Cell Load Sharing Evaluation = Only candidates that fulfill the following = conditions are involved in the evaluation: — The candidate is ranked Worse — The candidate is Internal — It exists in the same cell layer as serving cell — \Itaccepts 'handover due to cell load sharing’ = The evaluation is then performed as a new ranking with reduced hysteresis areas between serving cell and the neighboring cells. BRU E EL ale Limited Internat 7 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Overlaid/Underlaid Evaluation The evaluation is only performed if the — serving cell has an overlaid and underlaid subcell structure. An evaluation is performed to determine if a subcell change (overlaid to underlaid or underlaid to overlaid) is desired. The criterion is based on the downlink signal strength, timing advance measurements from the serving cell and the traffic load in the cell. BRU E EL ale 58 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Overlaid/Underlaid Evaluation " — If the serving cell is co-sited with a neighboring cell that 1 has a subcell structure, then locating evaluates if the ™ handover shall be proposed to the overlaid or underlaid neighboring subcell. " — If the MS is located in the overlaid subcell and a bad quality urgency occurs, Locating proposes a subcell change from overlaid to underlaid subcell to prevent the MS from remaining on connections with bad quality. = Atimer is used to prevent an immediate return back to the overlaid subcell. BRU E EL ale 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Intracell Handover Evaluation The Intracell Handover evaluation is not = performed at assignment and otherwise only performed if intracell handover is allowed for the current subcell. BRU E EL ale The criterion for determining if an intracell handover is desired is based on uplink and downlink quality and signal strength measurements from the serving cell. 60 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Intracell Handover Evaluation " The criterion is fulfilled when the quality is worse than _jaou J could be expected from the signal strength level. There ~ are parameters to prevent too many consecutive intracell handovers in a sequence during a connection. " — If the MS is located in the overlaid subcell and the number of allowed consecutive intracell handovers have been executed then Locating proposes a subcell change from overlaid to underlaid subcell to prevent the MS from remaining on connections with bad quality. = Atimer is used to prevent an immediate return back to the overlaid subcell. BRU E EL ale 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Assignment to Other Cell = The normal Locating is used in order to find the most suitable cell at the call setup ~ = If a better cell than the serving cell is found during the call setup signaling, that cell will be the first one in the Locating candidate list. This is called Assignment to a better cell. BRU E EL ale = Also worse cells can be found, and at congestion in the serving cell or in the better cell, the call can be setup in a worse cell. This is called Assignment to a worse cell. " However, cells at a large distance from the nominal cell are not allowed to remain as candidates. This is controlled by the parameter AWOFFSET. 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Hierarchical Cell Structures " The HCS feature provides the possibility to give priority to cells that are not the strongest but provide sufficient —* signal strength levels es = The appropriate level of the sufficient signal strength levels mainly depends on the co- and adjacent interference from the surrounding cells " With low interference it is the noise level with a safety margin that set the sufficient signal strength levels =" Each cell should be associated with a LAYER " The Layer could be defined by the traffic that the cell captures with just a basic ranking, how much traffic the cell are dimensioned for and how much the cell interfere with the rest of the network = The lower the layer the higher the priority BRU E EL ale 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Removal of candidates The reasons for removal of candidates from the list are: = BRU E EL ale = The candidate belongs to a system type not supported by the mobile. = Evaluation of BSC parameters and timers controlling handover, i.e. if it is allowed to make handover on SDCCH etc. The evaluated parameters are IBHOSICH, SCHO, ASSOC, IBHOASS, TALLOC and TURGEN. eo NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Removal of candidates The reasons for removal of candidates from the list are: = Evaluation of co-sited neighbors. Three checks are ~ performed: — If average timing advance exceeds the MAXTA value for the co-sited cell. BRU E EL ale — If average timing advance is less than the TALIM value for serving cell and greater than or equal to the TALIM value for the co-sited cell. — If the cell is worse and in the same cell layer as serving cell and the average timing advance exceeds the TALIM value for the co-sited cell. = Evaluation and removal of candidates if the MS is classified as a fast moving mobile (if this feature is used). 2005-09-30Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Categorization 2 = The cells in the candidate list are then eee organized in the following three categories: — Above S: Neighboring cell above serving cell in the candidate list — Below S: Neighboring cell below serving cell in the candidate list — S&S: Serving cell BRU E EL ale 66 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Ordering the candidate list Indication Description 4 Assignment Request Arrived 2 AW state 3 Excessive TA urgency detected 4 Bad Quality urgency detected 5 OL/UL subcell change or ICHO requested L341 8, Cateacries In sorted ardtor | 0) Above S dol 4] Above S |S Ol 1/0l Above S | Below S O14] 1|AboveS |S [Below S 1|-|0) Above S__| Below S 1|-|1| Above S__| Below S |S O|O|-| Above S_ |S O1}0l Above S| Below S |S O14] 4] Above S |S Below S 1|-|-|AboveS | Below S |S LO}O|-| Above S |S Below S NPI Training - Retainabilty BRU E EL ale 2005-09-30 ericsson BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — List preparation Basic candidate list (Coll load sharing | Reecalalaton with veciced hyslevesis Band evaluation / | Layst saiston Herarchical cell stnuckires, nN 18 F Above sanioncell oy { Bat sending cal Locating indicatons Aaaigrrae rcpnst arrives AWsiale Eicareve TAugeney detected Bad Ousity Ligency deiaced Ovartldundantid alneal change 0 Handover candidate freecelbansors mcpesec listin ranking order Example Call D, Call, Cell E. Serving call Limited Internal 68 NPI Training - Retainabilty BRU E EL ale 2005-09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Sending the list * If the candidate list is empty (i.e. serving cell ise» the best) the candidate list is not sent to the = central processor. * The first cell in the candidate list is the “best” candidate. At congestion the next cell in the candidate list is tried. ining - Retainabilty 2005.09.30 ERICSSON B 69Handover — Locating Overview Locating — Allocation reply + At success a penalty list is transferred from the locating individual to the new one. If the handover reason was due to urgency a penalty for the— abandoned cell must be included. The old locating individual is then deleted. * Atinter-BSC handover it is not possible to send the penalty list. However it is possible indicate if, the cause of the handover was due to bad quali or excessive timing advance. The penalties of t new cell will then be us€X TPEN- ON) | 70 ining - Retainabilty 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BHandover — Locating Overview Locating — Allocation reply ‘ansferre "At congestion in all the candidates in the lista one. willbe made after a certain time specified by th TALLOC€rTURGEN e tq TALLOGt normal handovers) inhibits ranking wt urgency conditions found. oo 1S TURGE(t urgency handovers) inhibits sending T listunless a better cellis found. n” NPI Training - Retainabilty 2005.09.30 ERICSSON BHandover — Neighbor Cells Neighbor cells (NCELLS) impacts the following radio network areas: " Handover Performance = TCH Drops " Coverage = Interference " Frequency plan 2 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Optimization of NCELLS mainly consists of the following activities: " Find and Add missing NCELLS " Find and Remove unnecessary or wrong NCELLS " Optimize Neighbor cell BCCH frequencies and BSICs 73 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Optimization of NCELLS are done using the following information: " Map information — Site location and terrain " Predicted coverage " STS Handover statistics = MRR - Signal strength and Timing Advance (TA) " NCS and NOX from RNO a NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Neighboring Cell Support (NCS) " NCS is part of the RNO (Radio Network Optimization) tool " NCS helps to maintain a well working neighboring cell list " NCS data is collected through Measurement reports = NCS is operated through OSS = NCS is used to detect missing neighboring cell relations n. = NCS is used to constantly evaluate the existing neighboring cell relations. Limited Internat 75 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Neighboring Cell Support (NCS) " NCS initiates the Active BA-list Recording (BAR) in BSC " The BAR modify the selected cell BA-list, to include test frequencies. " MS measures the defined frequencies in its neighbor list + test frequencies " Result are recorded in NCS and presented in several report formats. 76 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Neighboring Cell Support (NCS)Handover — Neighbor Cells Neighboring Cell Support (NCS) cre > ‘Overview Report Identifies cells 10 be investigated Define an NCS Recording Cell Report Identifies the detined neighbours and test frequencies in the recorded cell Detailed Cell Report Shows more information on defined neighbours and test frequencies in the recorded cell Gell Report Chart ‘Analyse the results using NCS Shows the cell with a signal strength reports. above a set value, or the number of cells ranked as number 1. as a chart { Define Cell Sets and Frequency Sets Export data to CNA or CNAL Change Order Defines neighbouring cells to be CNA Planning a new area allocated 78 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Adding Neighbor cells using NCS List of all NCS results fearon ra =| a Oe Detailed Cell Report nal 79 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &Handover — Neighbor Cells Adding Neighbor cells using NCS " Overview report used to decide which cells to investigate Limited Internat 80 NPI Training - Retainabilty 2005.09-30 ERICSSON BHandover — Neighbor Cells Adding Neighbor cells using NCS TSC or 2012 3c 77| ar 20. 133. 4180 30.50 TESS 4L201054 va = 20,392 Bid is.60 76.60 1BScaLzo1iS A 80 a0: 20,302 12 ooo iescanzo11ss ea) 5s 20.da2 470) zea fiese4/Lzoi27e ae a 20,582) 72 274 1eScasz01130, e2| es 0, 382 9.40 asa TescaiL2o11sc er 30,592 o97) 242 12 45) 20.390 a.00 4.32 aS 28a oe Ba Tas 86. 50| Be 2.02 =79. 60] a2 538 88. 60) aa 4.98 BSIC: 21 2005-09-30 ERICSSON B Limited Internal 93Handover — Optimization Handover — BSIC Confusion " The BCCH should be planned so that BSIC-decoding is possible " Avoid BSIC-confusion — Mobiles only have to decode BSIC every 10 seconds " With tight BCCH re-use (12 channels) the focus of the BCCH planning should be on handover performance co NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &L6 0% ‘O16 086 ‘O66 ‘0.001 ovat 04st osat 06/01 oriot oswt agit 1001 101 1201 8 1301 44004 1501 1601 17m 1em1 19001 20m 1so10 Ao SH 2101 22001 2301 2401 2501 2601 ‘Aquqeueyen - Suutess aN 27701 2804 2901 samt 3101 o1m2 0¢-60-S002 o2m2 @ Nossoma UOD DIS — JeAopueH uoisn Sez0grNBulOBino UONeZIWNdO — JeAOpUueH wOE 84} UO pasealoul seanjle} OH Bulobjno,Handover — Optimization Handover — BSIC Confusion == Handover Failure Between zs z NJ5112A and NJ5029C. z i # z NJ5112A and NJ5421B are Co-BCCH causing BSIC Confusion for the mobiles coming from NJ5029C to NJ5112A causing a high percentage of HO lost 96 NPI Training - Retainabilty 205.0930 ERICSSON &ERICSSON &