Dion Mekban No 4

2 Balok dengan pembebanan sebagai berikut, dengan penampang tertentu dan berat diabaikan, gambarkan
diagram tegangan akibat M, D, N pada potongan sebagai berikut :

a. Potongan dengan Mmaks positif dan Mmaks negatif
b. Potongan dengan Dmaks positif dan Dmaks negatif
q1 P1 q2 P2
M
A B C D E F
L1 L2 L3 L1 L3
L 1 = 1.5 m L2 = 2.7 m L 3 = 3.5 m P1 = 5 ton
P2 = 6 ton q1 = 1.5 t/m q2 = 1 t/m M = 8 t.m
PENYELESAIAN
1.5 t/m 8 t.m 5t 1 t/m 6t
A B C D E F
1.50 m 2.70 m 3.50 m 1.50 m 3.50 m
S MB ###
=
0 = -Q1 . ( 1.5 . 1/2 )) + Q2 . ( 0.5 . 2.7 ) + Q3 . ( 2/3 . 1.5 + 6.2 )
+ P1 . ( 6.2 ) + P2 . ( 11.20 ) - M - Ve . 7.7
0 = -2.25 . 0.75 + 4.05 . 1.35 + 0.75 . 7.2 + 5 . 6.2 + 6 . 11 - 8 - Ve . 7.7
0 = -1.688 + 5.4675 + 5.4 + 31 + 67.2 - 8 - Ve . 7.7
Ve = 12.9065 t
S ME ###
=
0 = -Q1 . (( ( 1/2 . 1.5 )) + 7.7 ) - Q2 . (( 0.5 . 2.7 ) + 5.0 ) - Q3 . ( 1.5 . 1/3 ) - M
- P1 . ( 1.5 ) + P2 . ( 3.5 ) + Vb . 7.7
0 = 2.25 . 8.45 - 4.05 . 6.35 - 0.75 . 0.5 - 8 - 5 . 2 + 6 .### + Vb . 7.7
0 = 19.01 - 25.72 - 0.38 - 8 - 7.5 + 21 + Vb - 7.7
Vb = 5.14351 t
KONTROL
S V ###
=
0 = Ve-Q1-P1-Q2-P2-Q3+Vb
0 = 12.9065 - 2.25 - 5 - 4.05 - 6 - 0.75 + 5.1435065
0 = 0 Lanjut
GAYA DALAM
* Bentang AB ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

Dx
Mx Mx = - q1X.(0.5.X) X Mx Dx
= - 0.75 . X2 0 0 0
Q1x Dx = -q1X 1 -0.75 -1.5
= -1.5 x 1.5 -1.688 -2.25
MMaks terjadi pada saat Dx = 0
0 = -1.5 x
x = 0.00 ( tidak ada dalam bentang )
* Bentang BC ( 0 < x < 2.7 )

Dx
MB Mx MX = DB . x + VB . x + MB - Q2X.(1/2.x)
= -2.25 . X+ 5.14 . X + -1.69 - 0.75 . x2
Q2x = 2.89 . X+ -1.69 - 0.75 . x2
DX = DB + VB - q2X X Mx Dx
DB VB =2.89 - 1.5 . x 0 -1.688 2.8935
MMaks terjadi pada saat Dx = 0 1 0.456 1.3935
0 = 2.89 - 1.5 x 2 1.0995 -0.1065
2.89 = 1.5 x 1.1033
1.93 0
x = 1.93 ( ada dalam bentang ) 2.7 0.6575 -1.1565
MMaks = 1.103 tm
* Bentang CD ###
( < x < 3.5 )
Dx Mx = Mc - M + Dc.x X Mx Dx
Mc M Mx = 0.6575 - 8 + -1.1565 x 0 -7.343 -1.1565
= -7.3425 + -1.15649 x 1 -8.499 -1.1565
D x = Dc 2 -9.656 -1.1565
Dc = -1.1565 3 -10.81 -1.1565
3.5 -11.39 -1.1565
* Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

Dx
MD P1 Mx Mx = Md + Dd.x - P1.x - Q3X.(1/3.x)
= -11.39 + -1.1565 x - 5 x - 0.11 X3
Q 3x = -11.39 + -6.1565 x - 0.1111 X3 X Mx Dx
Dx = Dd - P2 - q3.x 0 -11.39 -6.1565
DD = -6.1565 - 0.33 X2 1 -17.66 -6.4898
MMaks terjadi pada saat Dx = 0 1.5 -21.00 -6.9065
0 = -6.16 - 0.3333 x2
6.16 = 0.33 x
* Bentang EF ( 0 < x 3.5 )

Dx X Mx Dx
ME Mx 0 -21 6
Mx = Me + De.x + Ve.x 1 -15 6
= -21 + -6.90649 x + 12.91 x 2 -9 6
= -21 + 6 x 3 -3 6
DE VE Dx = De - Ve 3.5 0 6
= 6
DIAGRAM MOMEN
-23
-19
-15
MOMENT
-11
-7
-3 0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
1
JARAK
DIAGRAM LINTANG
6
4
2
LINTANG
0
0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
-2
-4
-6
-8
JARAK
DIAGRAM LINTANG
6
4
2
LINTANG
0
0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
-2
-4
-6
-8
JARAK
Dari grafik moment dan lintang dapat diketahui bahwa :
MMaks = 1.103 ton/m

Mmin = -21.000 ton/m
DMaks = 6.000 ton
Dmin = -6.906 ton
PENAMPANG BALOK
I c
a = 8 cm
II d b = 7 cm
c = 6 cm
d = 15 cm
a b a
PENYELESAIAN
a a
I 6 ya-a = 21 - 13.462962963
b b ya
= 7.53703703703704
c c garis netral
yb-b = 15 - 13.462962963
II 15 = 1.53703703703704
yb
yd-d = 0 - 13.462962963
= -13.462962962963
d d
0
8 7 8
Tabel titik berat dan momen Inersia
Luas (A) y1 y=y-y Ixo Ay2
BANGUN Ms = A.y1
( cm2 ) ( cm ) ( cm ) ( cm4 ) ( cm4 )
6 . 23 15 + 0.5.20
I 2484 4.53703704 414 2840.6893
138 18
7 . 15 0.5.90
II 787.5 -5.962963 1968.75 3733.477366
105 7.5
Jumlah 243 3271.5 2382.75 6574.166667
Titik berat
S Ms 3271.5
y = = = 13.46296296296 cm
S A 243
Momen Inersia terhadap garis netral
Ix = S Ixo + S Ay2
= 2382.75 + 6574.16666666667
= 8956.9166666667 cm4
a.) Mmaks
Diketahui : MMax = 1.10329327598808 tm = 110329.327598808 kg cm
D = 0 t = 0 kg
D = 0 t = 0 kg
N = 0
Ix = 8956.91666666667 cm4
### Tegangan lentur murni ( tanpa adanya gaya Normal )
бatas M . ya 110329.327598808 . 7.537037037037

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 92.839562913 kg/cm2 ( serat atas/serat tekan (-) )
бbawah M . Yb 110329.327598808 . 13.46296296296

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 165.83381385 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tarik (+) )

### Tegangan geser Untuk D = 0 t = 0 kg
‫ﺡ‬ D. S Dimana : D = Gaya lintang ( kg )

= =
b . Ix S = Statis momen ( A.y ) ( cm3 )
b = Lebar
Ix = Momen inersia ( cm4 )
* Untuk potongan a-a
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
* Untuk potongan b-b
- Sedikit sebelah atas
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 626.11111111
b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= 0.0000000000 kg/cm2
. Sedikit sebelah bawah

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 626.11111111
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 0 kg/cm2
* Untuk potongan c-c

b = 7 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 6 ). ( 7 ) .
( 1 ###
/ .( 7.537037037 - 6 ))
= 634.37980109739 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 634.3798011
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 0 kg/cm2
* Untuk potongan d-d
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0

= =
b = Lebar
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 626.11111111
b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= 0.0000000000 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 626.11111111
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 0 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 7 ). ( 7 )
( 1 ###
/ .( 7.537037037 - 7 ))
= 731.47239368999 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 731.47239369
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 0 kg/cm2
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0
### Tegangan Normal
бn N
= = 0
A
92.83956
a a
I 0 0
b b
0 0
c c
### 0 0
II
d d
165.8338 ### ###
b.) Mmin
Diketahui : MMin = -21.00 ton/m tm = 2100000 kg cm
DMin = -6.90649350649351 t = -6906.4935064935 kg
DMax = 6 t = 6000 kg
N = 0
Ix = 8956.91666666667 cm4
бatas M . ya 2100000 . 7.537037037037

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 1767.101154 kg/cm2 ( serat atas/serat tarik (+) )
бbawah M . Yb 2100000 . 13.46296296296

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 3156.4681547 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tekan (-) )
### Tegangan geser Untuk DMin = -6.9064935064935 t = -6906.49350649351 kg

= =
b = Lebar
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ -6906.493506 . 626.11111111

b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= -20.9904934931 kg/cm2
b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ -6906.493506 . 626.11111111

b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= -68.968764334543 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 6 ). ( 7 ) .
( 1 ###
/ .( 7.537037037 - 6 ))
= 634.37980109739 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ -6906.493506 . 634.3798011
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= -69.879595209286 kg/cm2
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0
### Tegangan geser Untuk DMax = 6 t = 6000 kg

= =
b = Lebar
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 6000 . 626.11111111
b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= 18.2354418838 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 6000 . 626.11111111

b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 59.916451904022 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 6 ). ( 7 )
( 1 ###
/ .( 7.537037037 - 6 ))
= 634.37980109739 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 6000 . 634.3798011
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 60.7077340855395 kg/cm2
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0
### Tegangan Normal
бn N
= = 0
A
1767.1012
a a
I -20.9905 18.2
b b
-68.969 59.916
c c
### -69.8796 60.708
II
d d
3156 ### ###
2 Balok dengan pembebanan sebagai berikut, dengan penampang tertentu dan berat diabaikan, gambarkan
diagram tegangan akibat M, D, N pada potongan sebagai berikut :
a. Potongan dengan Mmaks positif dan Mmaks negatif
b. Potongan dengan Dmaks positif dan Dmaks negatif
q1 P1 q2 P2
M
A B C D E F
L1 L2 L3 L1 L3
L 1 = 3.2 m L2 = 3 m L 3 = 2.5 m P1 = 6 ton
P2 = 5 ton q1 = 1.1 t/m q2 = 1.3 t/m M = 7.5 t.m
PENYELESAIAN
1.1 t/m 8 t.m 6t 1.3 t/m 5t
A B C D E F
3.20 m 3.00 m 2.50 m 3.20 m 2.50 m
S MB ###
=
0 = -Q1 . ( 3.2 . 1/2 )) + Q2 . ( 0.5 . 3 ) + Q3 . ( 2/3 . 3.2 + 5.5 )
+ P1 . ( 5.5 ) + P2 . ( 11.2 ) - M - Ve . 8.7
0 = -3.52 . 1.6 + 3.3 . 1.5 + 2.08 . 7.6 + 6 . 5.5 + 5 . 11 - 7.5 - Ve . 8.7
0 = -5.632 + 4.95 + 15.877 + 33 + 56 - 7.5 - Ve . 8.7
Ve = 11.114406 t
S ME = 0
0 = -Q1 . (( ( 1/2 . 3.2 )) + 8.7 ) - Q2 . (( 0.5 . 3 ) + 5.7 ) - Q3 . ( 3.2 . 1/3 ) - M
- P1 . ( 3.2 ) + P2 . ( 2.5 ) + Vb . 8.7
0 = 3.52 . 10.3 - 3.3 . 7.2 - 2.08 . 1.1 - 7.5 - 6 . 3.2 + 5 . 3 + Vb . 8.7
0 = 36.256 - 23.76 - 2.2187 - 7.5 - 19 + 13 + Vb - 8.7
Vb = 8.7855939 t
KONTROL
S V ###
=
0 = Ve-Q1-P1-Q2-P2-Q3+Vb
0 = 11.1144 - 3.52 - 6 - 3.3 - 5 - 2.08 + 8.7855939
0 = 0 Lanjut
GAYA DALAM
* Bentang AB ( 0 < x < 3.2 )

Dx
Mx Mx = - q1X.(0.5.X) X Mx Dx
= - 0.55 . X2 0 0 0
Q1x Dx = -q1X 1 -0.55 -1.1
= -1.1 x 3.2 -5.632 -3.52
MMaks terjadi pada saat Dx = 0
0 = -1.1 x
* Bentang BC ( 0 <x < 3 )

Dx
MB Mx MX = DB . x + VB . x + MB - Q2X.(1/2.x)
= -3.52 . X+ 8.79 . X + -5.63 - 0.55 . x2
Q2x = 5.265594 . X + -5.632 - 0.55 . x2
DX = DB + VB - q2X X Mx Dx
DB VB =
5.27 - 1.1 . x 0 -5.632 5.2656
MMaks terjadi pada saat Dx = 0 1 -0.916 4.1656
0 = 5.27 - 1.1 x 2 2.6992 3.0656
5.27 = 1.1 x 4.79 6.9709 0
x = 4.79 ( tidak ada dalam bentang ) 3.0 5.2148 1.9656
MMaks = 6.971 tm
* Bentang CD ###
( < x < 2.5 )
Dx Mx = Mc - M + Dc.x X Mx Dx
Mc M Mx = 5.2148 - 7.5 + 1.9656 x 0 -2.285 1.9656
= -2.285 + 1.96559 x 1 -0.32 1.9656
D x = Dc 2 1.646 1.9656
Dc = 1.9656 3 3.612 1.9656
2.5 2.629 1.9656
* Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 3.2 )

Dx
MD P1 Mx Mx = Md + Dd.x - P1.x - Q3X.(1/3.x)
= 2.6288 + 1.9656 x - 6 x - 0.07 X3
Q3x = 2.6288 + -4.034 x - 0.0677 X3 X Mx Dx
Dx = Dd - P2 - q3.x 0 2.63 -4.034
DD = -4.034 - 0.2 X2 1 -1.47 -4.238
MMaks terjadi pada saat Dx = 0 3.2 -12.50 -6.114
0 = -4 - 0.2031 x2
4.03 = 0.2 x
* Bentang EF ( 0 < x 2.5 )

Dx X Mx Dx
ME Mx 0 -12.5 5
Mx = Me + De.x + Ve.x 1 -7.5 5
= -12.5 + -6.11441 x + 11.11 x 2 -2.5 5
= -12.5 + 5 x 3 2.5 5
DE VE Dx = De - Ve 2.5 0 5
= 5
DIAGRAM MOMEN
-23
-19
-15
MOMENT
-11
-7
-3 0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
1
JARAK
DIAGRAM LINTANG
6
4
2
LINTANG
0
0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
-2
-4
-6
-8
DIAGRAM LINTANG
6
4
2
LINTANG
0
0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 7 7.7 8.4 9.1 9.8 10.5 11.2 11.9 12.6
-2
-4
-6
-8
JARAK
Dari grafik moment dan lintang dapat diketahui bahwa :

MMaks = 6.971 ton.m
Mmin = -12.500 ton.m
DMaks = 5.266 ton
Dmin = -6.114 ton
PENAMPANG BALOK
I c
a = 8 cm
II d b = 7 cm
c = 6 cm
d = 15 cm
a b a
PENYELESAIAN
a a
I 6 ya-a = 21 - 13.462962963
b b ya
= 7.53703703703704
c c garis netral
yb-b = 15 - 13.462962963
II 15 = 1.53703703703704
yb
yd-d = 0 - 13.462962963
= -13.462962962963
d d
0
8 7 8
Tabel titik berat dan momen Inersia
Luas (A) y1 y=y-y Ixo Ay2
BANGUN Ms = A.y1
( cm2 ) ( cm ) ( cm ) ( cm ) 4
( cm4 )
6 . 23 15 + 0.5.6
I 2484 4.537037 414 2840.6893
138 18
7 . 15 0.5.15
II 787.5 -5.962963 1968.75 3733.477366
105 7.5
Jumlah 243 3271.500 2382.75 6574.166667
Titik berat
S Ms 3271.5
y = = = 13.46296296296 cm
S A 243.0
Momen Inersia terhadap garis netral
Ix = S Ixo + S Ay2
= 2382.75 + 6574.16666666667
= 8956.916666667 cm4
a.) Mmaks
Diketahui : MMax = 6.97094490952597 tm = 697094.490952597 kg cm
D = 0 t = 0 kg
N = 0
Ix = 8956.91666666667 cm4
бatas M . ya 697094.4909526 . 7.537037037037

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 586.58879971 kg/cm2 ( serat atas/serat tekan (-) )
бbawah M . Yb 697094.4909526 . 13.46296296296

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 1047.7888388 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tarik (+) )


= =
b = Lebar
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm3
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 626.11111111
b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= 0.0000000000 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 626.11111111
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 0 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 6 ). ( 7 ) .
( 1 ###
/ .( 15 - 13.463 ))
= 634.37980109739 cm3
‫ﺡ‬ 0 . 634.3798011
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 0 kg/cm2
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0
### Tegangan Normal
бn N
= = 0
A
586.5888
a a
I 0
b b
0
c c
### 0
II
d d
1047.789 ###
b.) Mmin
Diketahui : MMin = -12.5 tm = 1250000 kg cm
DMin = -6.1144061302682 t = -6114.4061302682 kg
DMax = 5.2655938697318 t = 5265.5938697318 kg
N = 0
Ix = 8956.91666666667 cm4
бatas M . ya 1250000 . 7.537037037037

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 1051.845925 kg/cm2 ( serat atas/serat tarik (+) )
бbawah M . Yb 1250000 . 13.46296296296

= =
Ix 8956.91666666667
= 1878.8500921 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tekan (-) )
### Tegangan geser Untuk DMin = -6.1144061302682 t = -6114.4061302682 kg

= =
b = Lebar
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ -6114.40613 . 626.11111111

b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= -18.5831496071 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ -6114.40613 . 626.11111111

b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= -61.058920137645 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 6 ). ( 7 ) .
( 1 ###
/ .( 15 - 13.463 ))
= 634.37980109739 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ -6114.40613 . 634.3798011
b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= -61.865290241219 kg/cm2
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0
### Tegangan geser Untuk DMax = 5.2655938697318 t = 5265.5938697318 kg

= =
b = Lebar
S ###
= ‫= ﺡ‬###
b = 23 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 5265.59387 . 626.11111111

b-b =
23 . 8956.91666666667
= 16.0034051659 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 7 . 15 ) ( 13.46296296 - 15 ###
/ )
= 626.1111111 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 5265.59387 . 626.11111111

b-b =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 52.58261697365 kg/cm2

b = 7 cm
S =( 6 . 23 ) ( 7.537037037 - 6 ###
/ ) + ( 7.537037 - 6 ). ( 7 )
( 1 ###
/ .( 15 - 13.463 ))
= 634.37980109739 cm4
‫ﺡ‬ 5265.59387 . 634.3798011
C-C =
7 . 8956.91666666667
= 53.277045407688 kg/cm2
b = 7
S ###
= ‫=ﺡ‬ 0
### Tegangan Normal
бn N
= = 0
A
1051.8459
a a
I -18.5831 16
b b
-61.06 52.583
c c
### -61.8653 53.277
II
d d
1879 ### ###
3. a. Buat persamaan defleksi, rotasi sudut dan gambarkan sketsa elastisitas dengan menerapkan metoda :
i. Integral ganda
b. Hitung besarnya ӨB, ӨC, ӨF dan ∆A, ∆MAKS dari model berikut, dengan menerapkan metode Unit
Load.
PENYELESAIAN :
1.5 t/m 8 t.m 5t 1 t/m 6t
A B C D E F
1.50 m 2.70 m 3.50 m 1.50 m 3.50 m
A. Menbuat persamaan defleksi dan rotasi sudut ( Metide Integral Ganda )

1. Bentang AB ( 0< x < 1.5 )
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( - 0.75 . X2 ) x dx
= 0.25 . x3 + C1 ……………………………….(1)
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = ∫ ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 ) x d2x
= 0.0625 . x4 + C1.x + C2 ……………………………….(2)
Syarat batas : Untuk X = 1.5 ,∆ =0
0 = 0.0625 . x4 + C1.x + C2
0 = 0.31640625 + C1. 1.5+ C2
0 = 0.31640625 + C1. 1.5 + C2 ……………………………….(2.a)
2 Bentang BC ( 0< x < 2.7 ) .
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 ) x dx
= -1.44675324675 . X2 + 1.6875 X - -0.25 x3 + C3 ………………….(3)
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( 2.89350649351 . X2 + -1.6875 . X - 0.75 . x3 ) x dx
= -0.48225108225 . X3 + 0.84375 X2 - -0.0625 x4 + C3.x + C4 ………………….(4)
Syarat batas : Untuk X = 0 ,∆ =0
0 = -0.4822510823 . X3 + 0.84375 X2 - -0.0625 x4 + C3.x + C4
0 = 0 + 0 - 0 + C3 . 0 + C4
C4 = 0
* EI ∆x = -0.48225108225 . X3 + 0.84375 X2 - -0.0625 x4 + C3.x ………………….(4.a)
3 Bentang CD ( 0< x < 3.5 )
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649351 x ) x dx
= 7.342532467532 x + 0.578246753246753 x2 + C5 ……………………………….(5)
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 . X ) x d2x
= 3.671266234 x2 + 0.192748917748918 x3 + C5.x + C6 ……………….(6)
4 Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649351 x - 0.11111 X3 ) x dx
= 11.39025974026 x + 3.07824675324675 x2 - -0.02777778 x4 + C7 ……………….(7)
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.1111 . X3 ) x d2x
= 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225108225 x3 - -0.00555556 x5 + C7.x + C8 .…………………(8)
0= 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225108225 x3 - -0.00555556 x5 + C7.x + C8
0= 12.8140422077922 + 3.4630275974026 - -0.0421875 + C7 1.5 + C8
0= 16.3192573051948 + C7. 1.5 + C8 …………………( 8-a )
5 Bentang EF ( 0 < x < 3.5 )
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -21 + 6 x ) x dx
= 21 x + -3 x2 + C9 …..…………………….(9)
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) x d2x
= 10.5 x2 + -1 x3 + C9x + C10 …….(10)
0= 10.5 x2 + -1 x3 + C9.x + C10
0= 0 + 0 + C9. 0 + C10
0= 0 + C9 0 + C10
C10 = 0
* EI ∆x = 10.5 x2 + -1 x3 + C9x …….(10.a)
MENENTUKAN NILAI KONSTANTA C

* Untuk X = 1.5 = X = 0
~ Persamaan 1 = Persamaan 3
0.25 . x3 + C1 = -1.4467532468 . X2 + 1.6875 X - -0.25 x3 + C3
0.25 . 3.375 + C1 = -1.4467532468 . 0 + 1.6875 0 - -0.25 0 + C3
0.84375 + C1 = 0 + 0 - 0 + C3
C1 = -0.84375 + C3 …………………(11)
~ Persamaan 2-a = Persamaan 4.a

0.31641+ C1. 1.5 + C2 = -0.4822510823 . X3 + 0.84375 X2 - -0.0625 x4 + C3.x
0.31641 + C1. 1.5 + C2 = -0.4822510823 . 0 + 0.84375 0 - -0.0625 0 + C3. 0
C1. 1.5 + C2 = -0.31640625 …………………(12)
* Untuk X = 2.7 = X = 0
-1.4467532468 . X 2
+ 1.6875 X - -0.25 x3 + C3 = 7.342532467532 x + 0.578246753246753 x2 + C5
-1.4467532468 . 7.29 + 1.6875 . 2.7 - -0.25 . 19.683 + C3 = 7.34253246753 . 0 + 0.57824675324675 . 0 + C5
-10.5468311688312 + 4.55625 - -4.92075 + C3 = 0 + 0 + C5
C3 = 1.06983116883117 + C5 …………………(13)
C5 = C3 + -1.0698311688
~ Persamaan 4.a = Persamaan 6

-0.4822510823 . X3 + 0.84375 X2 - -0.0625 x4 + C3.x
= 3.671266234 x2 + 0.192748917748918 x3 + C5.x + C6
-0.4822510823 . 19.683 + 0.84375 . 7.29 - -0.0625 53.1441 + C3.
. 2.7 = 3.67126623 . 0 + 0.192748917748918 . 0 + C5.0+ C6
-9.49214805194806 + 6.1509375 - -3.32150625 + C3. 2.7 = C6
C3 . 2.7 = 0.019704301948054 + C6 …………………(14)
~ Subtitusi persamaan (13) kepersamaan (14)

2.888544156 + C5 2.7 = 0.019704301948054 + C6
C5 2.7 = -2.8688398538961 + C6
C6 = C5 2.7 + 2.8688398538961 …………………(15)
* Untuk X = 3.5 = X = 0
7.34253246753 x + 0.578246753246753 x2 + C5 = 11.3902597403 x + 3.07824675324675 x2 - -0.02777778 x4 + C7
7.34253246753 3.5 + 0.57824675324675 12.25 + C5 = 11.3902597403 0 + 3.07824675324675 0 - -0.02777778 0 + C7
25.6988636364 + 7.08352272727273 + C5 = 0 + 0 - 0 + C7
32.7823863636364 + C5 = 0 + C7
C5 = C7 + -32.782386364 ………………(16)
3.67127 x2 + 0.192748917748918 x3 + C5.x + C6 = 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225108225 x3 - -0.00555556 x5 + C7.x + C8
3.67127 12.25 + 0.192748918 42.875 + C5 3.5 + C6 = 5.69513 0 + 1.02608225 0 - -0.00555556 0 + C7 0 + C8
44.9730113636364 + 8.26410984848485 + C5 3.5 + C6 = C8
C6 + C5 3.5 - C8 = -53.23712 ………………(17)
* Untuk X = 1.5 = X = 0
~ Persamaan 7= Persamaan 9
11.3902597403 x + 3.07824675324675 x2 - -0.02777778 x4 + C7 = 21 x + -3 x2 + C9
11.3902597403 1.5 + 3.07824675324675 2.25 - -0.02777778 5.063 + C7 = 21 0+ -3 0 + C9
17.0853896103896 + 6.9260551948052 - -0.140625 + C7 = C9
C7 - C9 = -24.1520698052 ………………(18)
~ Persamaan 8.a = Persamaan 10.a
16.31926 + C7. 1.5 + C8 = 10.5 x2 + -1 x3 + C9 . x
16.31926 + C7. 1.5 + C8 = 10.5 0 + -1 0 + C9 . 0
C7. 1.5 + C8 = -16.3192573051948
C8 = -16.3192573051948 + C7. -1.5 ………………(19)
C5 2.7 + 2.86884 + C5 3.5 - C8 = -53.2371212
C5 6.2 - C8 = -56.1059611 ………………(20)

C7 6.2 + -203.250795455 - C8 = -56.1059611 ………………(21)

C7 6.2 + -203.250795455 + 16.3193 + C7. 1.5 = -56.1059611
C7. 7.7 = 130.825577
C7 = 16.9903347
~ Subtitusi persamaan C7 kepersamaan (19) ~ Subtitusi persamaan C7 kepersamaan (18)

C8 = -16.3192573051948 + 16.99 -1.5 16.99 - C9 = -24.152069805
C8 = -41.8047593344156 C9 = 41.1424044913

C5 6.2 + 41.80476 = -56.1059611 -15.7920517 = C3 + -1.0698311688
C5 = -15.7920517 C3 = -14.722220509

C6 = -15.79 2.7 + 2.8688398538961 C1 = -0.84375 + -14.7222
C6 = -39.7696997 C1 = -15.5659705087
~ Subtitusi persamaan C1 kepersamaan (12)

-23.348955763 + C2 = -0.31640625
C2 = 23.032549513
~ Dengan memsubtitusi nilai C, maka diperoleh persamaan defleksi dan rotasi sudut sebagai berikut :
1. Bentang AB ( 0< x < 1.5 )
* EI Өx - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 ) x dx X Өx ∆x
= 0.25 . x3 + -15.565970509 0 -15.5659705 23.0325495
* EI ∆x - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = ∫ ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 ) x d2x 0.2 -15.5639705 19.9194554
= 0.0625 . x4 + -15.565970509 . X + 23.03254951299 0.4 -15.5499705 16.8077613
∆A diperoleh pada saat x = 0 0.6 -15.5119705 13.7010672
EI ∆A = 0.0625 . x4 + -15.5659705087 . X + 23.032549513 0.8 -15.4379705 10.6053731
EI ∆A = 23.032549512987 1.0 -15.3159705 7.529079
1.2 -15.1339705 4.4829849
ӨB diperoleh pada saat x = 1.5 1.4 -14.8799705 1.4802908
EI ӨB = 0.25 . x3 + -15.5659705087 1.5 -14.7222205 0
EI ӨB = -14.722220508658
2 Bentang BC ( 0< x < 2.7 ) X Өx ∆x
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 ) x dx 0 -14.7222205 0
= -1.44675324675 . X2 + 1.6875 X - -0.25 x3 + -14.722220509 0.2 -14.4405906 -2.91445211
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( 2.89350649351 . X2 + -1.6875 . X - 0.75 . x3 ) x dx 0.4 -14.262701 -5.78315227

= -0.48225108225 . X3 + 0.84375 X2 - -0.0625 x4 + -14.722220509 . X + 0 0.6 -14.1765517 -8.62564854
0.8 -14.1701426 -11.459089
ӨC diperoleh pada saat x = 2.7 1.0 -14.2314738 -14.2982216
EI ӨC = -1.4467532468 . X2 + 1.6875 X - -0.25 x3 + -14.722220509 1.2 -14.3485452 -17.1553945
EI ӨC = -15.7920516774892 1.4 -14.5093569 -20.0405557
1.6 -14.7019088 -22.9612532
1.8 -14.914201 -25.9226352
2.0 -15.1342335 -28.9274497
2.2 -15.3500062 -31.9760446
2.4 -15.5495192 -35.0663682
2.6 -15.7207725 -38.1939683
2.7 -15.7920517 -39.7696997
3 Bentang CD ( 0< x < 3.5 )

* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) x dx X Өx ∆x
= 7.342532467532 x + 0.578246753246753 x2 + -15.7920516774892 0 -15.7920517 -39.7696997
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 . X ) x d2x 0.2 -14.3004153 -42.7797174
= 3.671266234 x2 + 0.192748917748918 x3 + -15.7920516774892 . X + -39.7696996753247 0.4 -12.7625192 -45.4867818
ӨD diperoleh pada saat x = 3.5 0.6 -11.1783634 -47.8816411
EI ӨD = 7.34253246753 ` + 0.578246753246753 x2 + -15.7920516774892 0.8 -9.54794778 -49.9550432
EI ӨD = 7.34253246753 4 + 0.578246753246753 12.25 + -15.7920516774892 1.0 -7.87127246 -51.6977362
EI ӨD = 16.9903346861 1.2 -6.14833739 -53.1004682 Umar Hafid As Uda:
-4.37914259 -54.1539872 Ini adalah lendutan
1.4
maximum
1.6 -2.56368804 -54.8490412
1.8 -0.70197376 -55.1763784
1.9 0 -55.2024429
2.0 1.20600027 -55.1267468
2.2 3.16023404 -54.6908943
2.4 5.16072754 -53.8595692
2.6 7.20748079 -52.6235193
2.8 9.30049378 -50.9734929
3.0 11.4397665 -48.9002378
3.2 13.625299 -46.3945023
3.4 15.8570912 -43.4470343
3.5 16.9903347 -41.8047593
4 Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11111111 . x3 ) x dx X Өx ∆x
= 11.39025974026 x + 3.07824675324675 x2 - -0.02777778 x4 + 16.9903346861472 0 16.9903347 -41.8047593
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.111 . x3 ) x d2x 0.2 19.3915609 -38.1706768
= 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225108225 x3 - -0.00555556 x5 + 16.9903346861472 . X + -41.8047593344156 0.4 22.0396692 -34.0316785
0.6 24.9362594 -29.338246
0.8 28.0839982 -24.0404339
1.0 31.486619 -18.087657
1.2 35.1489217 -11.4284766
1.4 39.0767731 -4.01038742
1.5 41.1424045 0
5 Bentang EF ( 0 < x < 3.5 )
* EI Өx = - ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) x dx X Өx ∆x
= 21 x + -3 x2 + 41.142404491342 0.0 41.1424045 0
* EI ∆x = - ∫ ∫ Mx dx = - ∫ ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) x d2x 0.2 45.2224045 8.6404809
= 10.5 x2 + -1 x3 + 41.142404491342 . X + 0 0.4 49.0624045 18.0729618
0.6 52.6624045 28.2494427
ӨF diperoleh pada saat x = 3.5 0.8 56.0224045 39.1219236
EI ӨF = 21 x + -3 x 2
+ 41.142404491342 + 0 1.0 59.1424045 50.6424045
EI ӨF = 77.892404491342 1.2 62.0224045 62.7628854
1.4 64.6624045 75.4353663
1.6 67.0624045 88.6118472
1.8 69.2224045 102.244328
2.0 71.1424045 116.284809
2.2 72.8224045 130.68529
2.4 74.2624045 145.397771
2.6 75.4624045 160.374252
2.8 76.4224045 175.566733
3.0 77.1424045 190.927213
3.2 77.6224045 206.407694
3.4 77.8624045 221.960175
3.5 77.8924045 229.748416
KONTROL
Pada saat x = 0 maka harus ∆E = 0
~ EI ∆E = 10.5 x2 + -1 x3 + 41.142404491342 . X + 0
EI ∆E = 10.5 0 + -1 0+ 41.142404491342 . 0+ 0
EI ∆E = 0 Oke………!
B. Menghitumg nilai ∆A, ∆Maks, ӨB, ӨC, dan ӨF, dengan metode unit load
a. Gaya 1 t di A
P = 1t
A
B C D E F
1.5 m 2.7 m 3.5 m 1.5 m 3.5 m

VA VE
Reaksi perletakan :
S MB = 0 S ME = 0
VE = -0.19480519481 ton VB = 1.19480519481 ton
Bentang Interval Mx mx EI
AB 0< x < 1.5 -0.75 . x2 -1 x EI
BC 0< x < 2.7 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 0.194805194805195 x + -1.5 EI
CD 0< x < 3.5 -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X 0.194805194805195 x + -0.97403 EI
DE 0 < x < 1.5 -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.111 . x3 0.194805194805195 x + -0.29221 EI
EF 0 < x < 3.5 -21 + 6 .X 0 EI
1.5 2.7
1 ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 )( -1 x ) dx ∫ ( 2.893506493507 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 ) ( 0.19481 x + -1.5 ) dx
∆A = { 0 +
EI 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) ( 0.19481 x + -1 ) dx ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 ) .
+ +
0 0
3.5
( 0.194805195 x + -0.292 ) dx ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) ( 0 ) dx
+
0
1.5 2.7
∆A 1 ∫ ( 0.75 . x3 ) dx ∫ ( 1.68867009614 . X2 + -4.6689935065 . X + 2.53125 - 0.1461038961 . x3 ) dx

= { +
EI 0 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( -0.30390875 .X + 7.15181734 + -0.2252909428 .X2 ) dx ∫ ( -0.41990639 x + 3.32832265 + -1.19931692 .X2 - 0.02164502 . x4 - -0.03246753 . x3 ) dx
+ +
0 0
3.5
∫ ( 0 ) dx
+
0 1.5 2.7
1 ( 0.1875 . x4 ) ( 0.56289003205 . X3 + -2.3344967532 . X2 + 2.53125 . X - 0.03652597403 . x4 )
∆A = { +
EI 0 3.5 0 1.5
( -0.15195438 .X 2
+ 7.15182 .X + -0.0750969809 .X 3
) ( -0.2099532 x + 2
3.32832265 . X + -0.39977231 .X 3
- 0.004329 . x5 - -0.00811688 . x4 )
+ +
0 0
3.5
}
( 0 )
+
0
1 0.94921875 -1.04588184664362 19.9501365112161 3.17907609841458 0
∆A = { + + + + }
EI
1
∆A = { 23.032549512987 } Alhamdulillaah
EI
b. Momen I tm di b
M = 1 tm
A
B C D E F
1.5 m 2.7 m 3.5 m 1.5 m 3.5 m

VA VE
Reaksi perletakan :
S MB = 0 S ME = 0
VE = 0.12987012987 ton VB = -0.1298701299 ton
AB 0< x < 1.5 -0.75 . x2 0 EI
BC 0< x < 2.7 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 -0.12987012987013 x + 1 EI
CD 0< x < 3.5 -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X -0.12987012987013 x + 0.64935 EI
DE 0 < x < 1.5 -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 -0.12987012987013 x + 0.19481 EI
EF 0 < x < 3.5 -21 + 6 .X 0 EI
1.5 2.7
1 ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 )( 0 ) dx ∫ ( 2.893506493507 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 ) ( -0.12987 x + 1 ) dx
ӨB = { 0 +
EI 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) ( -0.12987 x + 1) dx ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 ) .
+ +
0 0
3.5
( -0.12987013 x + 0.1948 ) dx ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) ( 0 ) dx
+
0
1.5 2.7
ӨB
1 ∫ ( 0 . x2 ) dx ∫ ( -1.1257800641 . X2 + 3.11266233766 . X + -1.6875 - -0.0974025974 . x3 ) dx
= { +
EI 0 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( 0.202605836 .X + -4.76787823 + 0.15019396188 .X2 ) dx ∫ ( 0.27993759 x + -2.21888177 + 0.79954461 .X2 - -0.01443001 . x4 - 0.02164502 . x3 ) dx
+ +
0 0
3.5
∫ ( 0 ) dx
+
0 2 2.7
1 ( 0 . x3 ) ( -0.3752600214 . X3 + 1.55633116883 . X2 + -1.6875 . X - -0.0243506494 . x4 )
ӨB = { +
EI 0 3.5 0 1.5
( 0.101302918 .X2 + -4.76788 .X + 0.05006465396 .X3 ) ( 0.1399688 x2 + -2.21888177 . X + 0.26651487 .X3 - -0.002886 . x5 - 0.00541126 . x4 )
+ +
0 0
4
}
( 0 )
+
0
1 0 0.69725456442908 -13.3000910074774 -2.11938406560972 0
ӨB = { + + + + }
EI
1
ӨB = { -14.722220508658 } Alhamdulillaah
EI
c. Momen I tm di c
M = 1 tm
A
B C D E F
1.5 m 2.7 m 3.5 m 1.5 m 3.5 m

VA VE
Reaksi perletakan :
S MB = 0 S ME = 0
VE = 0.12987012987 ton VB = -0.1298701299 ton
AB 0< x < 1.5 -0.75 . x2 0 EI
BC 0< x < 2.7 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 -0.12987012987013 x EI
CD 0< x < 3.5 -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X -0.12987012987013 x + 0.64935 EI
DE 0 < x < 1.5 -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 -0.12987012987013 x + 0.19481 EI
EF 0 < x < 3.5 -21 + 6 .X 0 EI
1.5 2.7
1 ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 )( 0 ) dx ∫ ( 2.893506493507 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 ) ( -0.12987 x + 0 ) dx
ӨC = { 0 +
EI 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) ( -0.12987 x + 1) dx ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 ) .
+ +
0 0
3.5
( -0.12987013 x + 0.1948 ) dx ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) ( 0 ) dx
+
0
1.5 2.7
ӨC 1 ∫ ( 0 . x2 ) dx ∫ ( -0.3757800641 . X2 + 0.21915584416 . X + 0 - -0.0974025974 . x3 ) dx

= { +
EI 0 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( 0.202605836 .X + -4.76787823 + 0.15019396188 .X2 ) dx ∫ ( 0.27993759 x + -2.21888177 + 0.79954461 .X2 - -0.01443001 . x4 - 0.02164502 . x3 ) dx
+ +
0 0
3.5
∫ ( 0 ) dx
+
0 2 2.7
1 ( 0 . x3 ) ( -0.1252600214 . X3 + 0.10957792208 . X2 + 0 . X - -0.0243506494 . x4 )
ӨC = { +
EI 0 3.5 0 1.5
( 0.101302918 .X2 + -4.76788 .X + 0.05006465396 .X3 ) ( 0.1399688 x2 + -2.21888177 . X + 0.26651487 .X3 - -0.002886 . x5 - 0.00541126 . x4 )
+ +
0 0
4
}
( 0 )
+
0
1 0 -0.372576604402092 -13.3000910074774 -2.11938406560972 0
ӨC = { + + + + }
EI
1
ӨC = { -15.7920516774892 } Alhamdulillaah
EI
d. Momen I tm di f
M = 1 tm
A
B C D E F
1.5 m 2.7 m 3.5 m 1.5 m 3.5 m

VA VE
Reaksi perletakan :
S MB = 0 S ME = 0
VE = 0.12987012987 ton VB = -0.1298701299 ton
AB 0< x < 1.5 -0.75 . x2 0 EI
BC 0< x < 2.7 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 -0.12987012987013 x EI
CD 0< x < 3.5 -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X -0.12987012987013 x + -0.35065 EI
DE 0 < x < 1.5 -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 -0.12987012987013 x + -0.80519 EI
EF 0 < x < 3.5 -21 + 6 .X 0 x + -1 = -1 EI
1.5 2.7
1 ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 )( 0 ) dx ∫ ( 2.893506493507 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2
) ( -0.12987 x ) dx
ӨF = { 0 +
EI 0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) ( -0.12987 x + -0.35 ) dx ∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 ) .
+ +
0 0
3.5
( -0.12987013 x + -0.805 ) dx ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) ( -1 ) dx
+
0
1.5 2.7
ӨF 1 ∫ ( 0 . x2 ) dx ∫ ( -0.3757800641 . X2 + 0.21915584 X - -0.0974025974 . x3 ) dx

=
EI
{ 0
+
0
3.5 1.5
∫ ( 1.359099342 .X + 2.57465424 + 0.15019396188 .X2 ) dx ∫ ( 6.4364311 x + 9.17137797 + 0.79954461 .X2 - -0.01443001 . x4 - -0.08946609 . x3 ) dx
+ +
0 0
3.5
∫ ( 21 + -6 .X ) dx
+
0 1.5 2.7
1 ( 0 . x3 ) ( -0.1252600214 . X3 + 0.109577922 X2 - -0.0243506494 . x4 )
ӨF = { +
EI 0 3.5 0 2
( 0.679549671 .X2 + 2.57465 .X + 0.05006465396 .X3 ) ( 3.21821555 x2 + 9.17137797 . X + 0.26651487 .X3 - -0.002886 . x5 - -0.02236652 . x4 )
+ +
0 0
3.5
}
( 21 X + -3 ).X2
+
0
1 0 -0.372576604402092 19.482295356159 22.0326857395851 36.75000
ӨF = { + + + + }
EI
1
ӨF = { 77.892404491342 } Alhamdulillaah
EI
e. Gaya I t di o
Lendutan Maximum diperoleh pada saat putaran sudut = 0, yaitu pada bentang CD
Өx = 7.342532467532 x + 0.578246753246753 x2 + -15.7920516774892
0 = 0.578246753246753 x2 + 7.34253246753 x + -15.7920516774892
Dengan menggunakan rumus : −b± √ b2 −4 ac

2a
x = 1.874148786 atau x = -14.5720713 ( tidak ada dalam bentang )
P = 1 t
A
B C O D E F
1.5 m 2.7 m 1.874 1.626 m 1.5 m 3.5 m

VA VE
Reaksi perletakan :
S MB = 0 S ME = 0
VE = 0.594045296889 ton VB = 0.40595470311 ton
AB 0< x < 1.5 -0.75 . x2 0 EI
BC 0< x < 2.7 2.89350649351 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 0.405954703110993 x EI
CO 0< x < 1.874 -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X 0.405954703110993 x + 1.09608 EI
OD 0< x < 1.626 -9.50997337 + -1.15649350649351 .X -0.594045296889007 x + 1.8569 EI
DE 0 < x < 1.5 -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 -0.594045296889007 x + 0.89107 EI
EF 0 < x < 3.5 -21 + 6 .X 0 x + 0 = 0 EI
1.5 2.7
1 ∫ ( -0.75 . x2 )( 0 ) dx ∫ ( 2.893506493507 . X + -1.6875 - 0.75 . x2 ) ( 0.40595 x ) dx
∆Max = { +
EI 0 0
1.874 1.626
∫ ( -7.34253247 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) ( 0.40595 x + 1.096 ) dx ∫ ( -9.50997337 + -1.15649350649351 .X ) ( -0.59405 x + 1.857 ) dx
+ +
0 0
1.5 3.5
∫ ( -11.3902597 + -6.15649350649351 .X - 0.11 . x3 ) ( -0.5940453 x + 0.8911 ) dx ∫ ( -21 + 6 .X ) ( 0 ) dx
+ +
0 0
1.5 2.7
∆Max 1 ∫ ( 0 . x2 ) dx ∫ ( 1.17463256952 . X2 + -0.68504856 X - 0.30446602733 . x3 ) dx

= { +
EI 0 0
1.874 1.626
∫ ( -4.24834233 .X + -8.04798609 + -0.4694839781 .X2 ) dx ∫ ( 3.50186538 .X + -17.659043 + 0.68700952842 .X2 ) dx
+ +
0 0
1.5 3.5
∫ ( 1.28047621 x + -10.1494953 + 3.65723601 .X2 - -0.06600503 . x4 - 0.09900755 . x3 ) dx ∫ ( 0 + 0 .X ) dx
+ +
0 0
1.5 2.7
1 ( 0 . x3 ) ( 0.39154418984 . X3 + -0.34252428 X2 - 0.07611650683 . x4 )
∆Max = { +
EI 0 1.8741 0 1.626
( -2.12417116 .X 2
+ -8.04799 .X + -0.1564946594 .X3 ) ( 1.75093269 .X2 + -17.659 .X + 0.22900317614 .X3 )
+ +
0 0
1.5 3.5
}
( 0.640238105 x2 + -10.1494953 . X + 1.21907867 .X3 - -0.01320101 . x5 - 0.02475189 . x4 ) ( 0 X + 0 .X2 )
+ +
0 0
1 0 1.16461903116138 -23.5743103696347 -23.0983735599264 -9.69437805087254 0

∆Max = { + + + + + }
EI
1
∆Max = { -55.2024429492723 } Alhamdulillaah
EI
i. Integral ganda
b. Hitung besarnya ӨA, ӨC, ӨD dan ∆B, ∆D dari model berikut, dengan menerapkan metode Unit
Load.
PENYELESAIAN :
1.5 t/m 8 t.m 5t 1 t/m 6t
A B C D E F
1.50 m 2.70 m 3.50 m 1.50 m 3.50 m
A. Menbuat persamaan defleksi dan rotasi sudut ( Metide Momen Area )

1. Bentang AB ( 0< x < 1.5 )
Mx = - q1X.(0.5.X) Dx = -q1X
= - 0.75 . X2 = -1.5 x
= K1 x2
1 EIq = -Luas Momen
1 EIq = ∫ -M = 0.25 x3 + C 1 ……………………………….(1)
1 EID = 0.25 x3 x + C1 x + C2
dimana :
∫ K1 x3 dx 3 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K1 x2 dx 4 4
Persamaannya menjadi :
1 EID = 0.0625 x4 + C1 x + C2 ……………………………….(2)
Syarat Batas :
x = 1.5
1 EIDB = 0
0 = 0.0625 x4 + C1 x + C2
0 = 0.31640625 + C1 1.5 + C2 ……………………………….(2.a)
2 Bentang BC ( 0 < x < 2.7 )

MX = DB . x + VB . x + MB - Q2X.(1/2.x)
= -2.25 . X + 5.14 . X + -1.69 - 0.75 . x2
= 2.89 . X + -1.69 - 0.75 . x2
= K2 . X + K3 - KI . x2
DX = DB + VB - q2X
= 2.89 - 1.5 . x
1 EIq = -Luas Momen
1 EIq = ∫ -M = 0.25 x3 - 1.4467532467533 x2 + 1.69 x + C3 …………….(3)
1 EID = 0.25 x3 x - 1.4467532467533 x2 x + 1.6875 x x + C3 x + C4
dimana :
∫ K1 x3 dx 3 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K1 x2 dx 4 4
∫ K2 x2
dx 2 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K2 x dx 3 3
∫ K3 x dx 1 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K3 dx 2 2
1 EID = 0.0625 x4 - 0.4822510822511 x3 + 0.84375 x2 + C3 x + C4 …….(4)
0 = C4
* 1 EID = 0.0625 x4 - 0.4822510822511 x3 + 0.84375 x2 + C3 x ………….(4.a)
3 Bentang CD ( 0< x < 3.5 )

Mx = Mc - M + Dc.x D x = Dc
= 0.65746753 - 8 + -1.15649 x = -1.1564935
= -7.3425325 + -1.1564935 x
= K2 + K1 x
1 EIq = -Luas Momen
1 EIq = ∫ -M = 7.34253247 x + 0.57824675 x2 + C5 ……………………………….(5)
1 EID = 7.34253247 x x + 0.57824675 x2 x + C5 x + C6
dimana :
∫ K2 x2 dx 2 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K2 x dx 3 3
∫ K3 x dx 1 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K3 dx 2 2
1 EID = 3.67126623 x2 + 0.19274892 x3 + C5 x + C6 ……………….(6)
4 Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

Mx = Md + Dd.x - P1.x - Q3X.(1/3.x) Dx = Dd - P2 - q3.x
= -11.39026 + -1.1564935 x - 5 x - 0.11111 X3 = -6.1564935 - 0.33333 X2
= -11.39026 + -6.1564935 x - 0.11111 X3
= K3 + K2 x - K1 X3
1 EIq = -Luas Momen
1 EIq = ∫ -M = 11.3902597 x + 3.07824675 x2 - -0.02778 X4 + C7 ……………….(7)
1 EID = 11.3902597 x x + 3.07824675 x2 x - -0.02778 X4 x + C7 X + C8
dimana :
∫ K2 x4 dx 4 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K2 x3 dx 5 5
∫ K2 x2 dx 2 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K2 x dx 3 3
∫ K3 x dx 1 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K3 dx 2 2
1 EID = 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225 x3 - -0.00556 X5 + C7 X + C8 ……………….(8)
0 = 16.3192573 + C7 1.5 + C8 ……………….(8-a)
5 Bentang EF ( 0 < x < 3.50 m )
Mx = Me + De.x + Ve.x Dx = De - Ve
= -21 + -6.9064935 x + 12.91 x = 6
= -21 + 6 x
= K2 + K1 x
1 EIq = -Luas Momen
1 EIq = ∫ -M = 21 X + -3 X2 + C9 ……………….(9)
1 EID = 21 X x + -3 X2 x + C9 X + C10
dimana :
∫ K2 x2 dx 2 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K2 x dx 3 3
∫ K3 x dx 1 1
x - = x - x = x
∫ K3 dx 2 2
1 EID = 10.5 X2 + -1 X3 + C9 X + C10 ……………….(10)
0 = C10
* 1 EID = 10.5 X2 + -1 X3 + C9 X ……………….(10-a)

* Untuk X = 1.5 = X = 0
0.25 x3 + C1 = 0.25 x3 - 1.4467532467533 x2 + 1.69 x + C3
0.84375 + C1 = C3
C1 = C3 - 0.84375 …………………(11)
0.31640625 + C1 1.5 + C2 = 0.0625 x4 - 0.4822510822511 x3 + 0.84375 x2 + C3 x
C1 1.5 + C2 = -0.3164063 …………………(12)
* Untuk X = 2.7 = X = 0
0.25 x 3
- 1.44675 x 2
+ 1.69 x + C3 = 7.34253247 x + 0.57824675 x2 + C5
C3 = C5 + 1.06983 …………………(13)

0.0625 x4 - 0.48225 x3 + 0.84375 x2 + C3 x = 3.67126623 x2 + 0.19274892 x3 + C5 x + C6
-0.0197043 + C3 2.7 = C6
C3 2.7 = C6 + 0.0197043 …………………(14)

C5 . 2.7 + 2.88854 = C6 + 0.0197043
C6 = C5 . 2.7 + 2.86883985 …………………(15)
* Untuk X = 3.5 = X = 0
7.34253247 x + 0.57824675 x2 + C5 = 11.3902597 x + 3.07824675 x2 - -0.02778 X4 + C7
32.7823864 + C5 = C7
C5 = C7 + -32.782386364 ………………(16)
3.67126623 x2 + 0.19274892 x3 + C5 x + C6 = 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225 x3 - -0.01 X5 + C7 X + C8
53.2371212121 + C5 3.5 + C6 = C8
C5 3.5 + C6 - C8 = -53.237121212 ………………(17)
* Untuk X = 1.5 = X = 0
11.3902597 x + 3.07824675 x - 2
-0.02778 X4 + C7 = 21 X + -3 X2 + C9
24.1520698 + C7 = C9
C7 - C9 = -24.152069805 ………………(18)

16.3192573 + C7 1.5 + C8 = 10.5 X2 + -1 X3 + C9 X
C8 = C7 -1.5 + -16.319257 ………………(19)
C5 3.5 + C5 . 2.7 + 2.86884 - C8 = -53.237121212
C5 . 6.2 - C8 = -56.105961066 ………………(20)

C7 6.2 + -203.25079545 - C8 = -56.105961066
C7 6.2 - C8 = 147.144834389 ………………(21)

C7 6.2 + C7 1.5 + 16.3192573 = 147.144834389
C7 7.7 = 130.825577083
C7 = 16.9903346861

C8 = 17 -1.5 + -16.319257 16.9903 - C9 = -24.152069805
C8 = -41.804759 C9 = 41.1424044913

C5 . 6.2 + 41.8048 = -56.105961066 C3 = -15.7921 + 1.06983
C5 = -15.792051677 C3 = -14.7222
C6 = -15.7921 . 2.7 + 2.86883985 C1 = -14.7222 - 0.84375
C6 = -39.7697 C1 = -15.566

-15.566 1.5 + C2 = -0.3164063
C2 = 23.0325495
~ Dengan mensubtitusi nilai C, maka diperoleh persamaan defleksi dan rotasi sudut sebagai berikut :
1. Bentang AB ( 0 < x < 1.5 )
1 EIq = 0.25 x3 + -15.565971
1 EID = 0.0625 x4 + -15.566 x + 23.0325
∆A diperoleh pada saat x = 0

EI ∆A = 0.0625 x4 + -15.566 x + 23.0325
EI ∆A = 23.032549512987 Astaqfirullaah Umar Hafid As Uda:
kalasi sedikit kau ambil saja
nilai dari metode unit load
ӨB diperoleh pada saat x = 1.5 kalau beda
EI ӨB = 0.25 x3 + -15.565971
EI ӨB = -14.7222 Alhamdulillaah
2 Bentang BC ( 0 < x < 2.7 )

1 EIq = 0.25 x3 - 1.4467532467533 x2 + 1.69 x + -14.722221
1 EID = 0.0625 x 4
- 0.4822510822511 x3 + 0.84375 x2 + -14.722221 x
ӨC diperoleh pada saat x = 2.7

EI ӨC = 0.25 x3 - 1.4467532467533 x2 + 1.69 x + -14.722221
EI ӨC = -15.792051677489 Alhamdulillaah
3 Bentang CD ( 0 < x < 3.5 )

1 EIq = 7.34253247 x + 0.57824675 x2 + -15.7921
1 EID = 3.67126623 x2 + 0.19274892 x3 + -15.8 x + -39.7697
ӨD diperoleh pada saat x = 3.5

EI ӨD = 7.34253247 x + 0.57824675 x2 + -15.7921
EI ӨD = 16.9903347
4 Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

1 EIq = 11.3902597 x + 3.07824675 x2 - -0.02778 X4 + 16.9903
1 EID = 5.69512987 x2 + 1.02608225 x3 - -0.00556 X5 + 17 X + -41.8048
5 Bentang EF ( 0 < x < 3.50 m )

1 EIq = 21 X + -3 X2 + 41.1424
1 EID = 10.5 X 2
+ -1 X3 + 41.1424 X
ӨF diperoleh pada saat x = 3.50 m

EI ӨF = 21 X + -3 X2 + 41.1424
EI ӨF = 77.8924045 Alhamdulillaah
4. Untuk perhitungan defleksi dan konstursi rangka batang berikut gunakan cara analisis dan grafis ( Wilhot Morh)
Diminta :
C 3 E 7 G
1 4 5 9 8 12 11
2
HA A D 6 10 13 B
2 P1 = 4 X P2 = 6 H P3 = 5
VA VB
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Penyelesaian:
A. Mencari Defleksi Join x, jika luasnya seragam dengan modolus E = 2.106 kg/cm2
Reaksi Perletakan
eMA = 0
P1 2.5 + P2 5 + P3 7.5 - VB 10 = 0
10 + 30 + 37.5 - VB 10 = 0
10 VB = 77.5
VB = 7.75 t
eMB = 0
- P1 7.5 - P2 5 - P3 2.5 + VA 10 = 0
30 + 30 + 12.5 - VA 10 = 0
10 VA = 72.5
VA = 7.25 t
Kontrol
eV = 0
VA - P1 - P2 - P3 + VB = 0
7 - 4 - 6 - 5 + 8 = 0
0 = 0 (Alhamdullillah)
Menghitung gaya batang
2 sin a = 0.624695047554424
tan a = 2.5
###
cos a = 0.78086880944303
tan a = 0.8
a = 38.6598082540901
2.5
Tinjauan titik A
S1
eV = 0 eH = 0
s2 VA + S1 sin a = 0 S2 + S1 cos a = 0
7.25 + 0.624695 S1 = 0 S2 + -9.0625 = 0
S1 = -11.60566268 t (Tekan) S2 = 9.0625 t (Tarik)
VA
Tinjauan titik C
eV = 0 eH = 0
-S1. Sin a - S4 = 0 - S1.Cos a + S3 = 0
S3 7.25 - S4 = 0 9.063 + S3 = 0
S4 = 7.25 t (Tarik) S3 = -9.0625 t (Tekan)
S4
S1
Tinjauan titik D
eV = 0 eH = 0
S4 S5 S4 + S5 sin a - P1= 0 -S2 + S5 cos a + S6 = 0
7.25 + S5 sin a - 4 = 0 -9.06 + -4.0625 + S6 = 0
S5 = -5.2025384429 t (Tekan) S6 = 13.125 t (Tarik)
S2 S6
P1 = 4
Tinjauan titik X
eV = 0 eH = 0
S9 -P2 + S9 -S6 + S10 = 0
-6 + S9 = 0 -13.125 + S10 = 0
S9 = 6 (Tarik) S10 = 13.125 t (Tarik)
S6 S10
P2 = 6
Tinjauan titik E
eV = 0 eH = 0
S3 S7 -S9 - S5 Sin a - S8 Sin a = 0 -S3 - S5 Cos a + S8 Cos a + S7 = 0
-6 - -3.25 - S8 0.625 = 0 9.063 - -4.06 + S8 0.781 + S7 = 0
S9 - S8 0.625 = 2.75 S7 + S8 0.781 = -13.125
S5 S8 S8 = -4.4021479132 (Tekan) S7 = -9.6875 (Tekan)
Tinjauan titik G
eH = 0 eV = 0
- S7 + S11. Cos a = 0 -S12 - S11.Sin a = 0
S7 9.6875 + S11 0.781 = 0 -S12 - -7.75 = 0
S12 S11 S11 = -12.40605321 t (Tekan) -S12 = -7.75 t
S12 = 7.75 t (Tarik)
Tinjauan titik H eH = 0 eV = 0
-S10 - S8 cos a + S13 = 0 S12 + S8 sin a - P = 0
S8 S12 -13.1 - -3.4375 + S13 = 0 7.75 + -2.750 - 5 = 0
S13 = 9.6875 t (Tarik) 0 = 0 t (Oke)
S10 S13
P= 5
Tinjauan titik B
eH = 0 eV = 0
S11 -S11.Cos a - S13 = 0 S11.Sin a + VB = 0
9.688 - 9.6875 = 0 -7.75 + 7.75 = 0
S13 0.000 = 0 (Oke) 0.000 = 0 (Oke)
VB = 7.75
Menghitung gaya batang akibat beban vertikal 1 ton di titik x

C 3 E 7 G
1 4 5 9 8 12 11
2
HA A D 6 X 10 13 B
VX = 1 t
2
VA VB
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Reaksi Perletakan
eMA = 0 eMB = 0
Vx 5 - VB 10 = 0 - Vx 5 + VA 10 = 0
5 - VB 10 = 0 5 - VA 10 = 0
10 VB = 5 10 VA = 5
VB = 0.5 t VA = 0.5 t
Kontrol
eV = 0
VA - Vx + VB = 0
0.5 - 1 + 0.5 = 0
2 sin a = 0.624695047554424
tan a = 2.5
###
cos a = 0.78086880944303
tan a = 0.8
a = 38.6598082540901
2.5
Tinjauan titik A
S1
eV = 0 eH = 0
s2 VA + S1 sin a = 0 S2 + S1 cos a = 0
0.5 + 0.624695 S1 = 0 S2 + -0.625 = 0
S1 = -0.8003905297 t (Tekan) S2 = 0.625 t (Tarik)
VA
Tinjauan titik C
eV = 0 eH = 0
-S1. Sin a - S4 = 0 - S1.Cos a + S3 = 0
S3 0.5 - S4 = 0 0.625 + S3 = 0
S4 = 0.5 t (Tarik) S3 = -0.625 t (Tekan)
S4
S1
Tinjauan titik D
eV = 0 eH = 0
S4 S5 S4 + S5 sin a = 0 -S2 + S5 cos a + S6 = 0
0.5 + S5 sin a = 0 -0.63 + -0.625 + S6 = 0
S5 = -0.8003905297 t (Tekan) S6 = 1.25 t (Tarik)
S2 S6
Tinjauan titik X
eV = 0 eH = 0
S9 -Vx + S9 -S6 + S10 = 0
-1 + S9 = 0 -1.25 + S10 = 0
S9 = 1 (Tarik) S10 = 1.25 t (Tarik)
S6 S10
Vx = 1 t
Tinjauan titik E
eV = 0 eH = 0
-1 - -0.5 - S8 0.625 = 0 0.625 - -0.63 + S8 0.781 + S7 = 0
S9 - S8 0.625 = 0.5 S7 + S8 0.781 = -1.25
S5 S8 S8 = -0.8003905297 (Tekan) S7 = -0.625 (Tekan)
Tinjauan titik G
eH = 0 eV = 0
- S7 + S11. Cos a = 0 -S12 - S11.Sin a = 0
S7 0.6250 + S11 0.781 = 0 -S12 - -0.5 = 0
S12 S11 S11 = -0.8003905297 t (Tekan) -S12 = -0.5 t
S12 = 0.5 t (Tarik)
-S10 - S8 cos a + S13 = 0 S12 + S8 sin a = 0
S8 S12 -1.25 - -0.625 + S13 = 0 0.5 + -0.500 = 0
S13 = 0.625 t (Tarik) 0 = 0.000 t (Oke)
S10 S13
Tinjauan titik B
eH = 0 eV = 0
S11 -S11.Cos a - S13 = 0 S11.Sin a + VB = 0
0.625 - 0.625 = 0 -0.50 + 0.5 = 0
S13 0.000 = 0 (Oke) 0.000 = 0 (Oke)
VB = 0.5
Menghitung gaya batang akibat beban vertikal 1 ton di titik x
C 3 E 7 G
1 4 5 9 8 12 11
2
HA A D 6 X 10 13 B
2 HX = 1 t
VA VB
2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5
Reaksi Perletakan
eMA = 0 eMB = 0 eH = 0
Hx 0 - VB 10 = 0 - Hx 0 + VA 10 = 0 HA = -1 t
0 - VB 10 = 0 0 - VA 10 = 0 HA = 1 t
10 VB = 0 10 VA = 0
VB = 0 t VA = 0 t
Kontrol
eV = 0
VA - Vx + VB = 0
0 - 0 + 0 = 0
2 sin a = 0.624695047554424
tan a = 2.5
###
cos a = 0.78086880944303
tan a = 0.8
a = 38.6598082540901
2.5
Tinjauan titik A
S1
HA eV = 0 eH = 0
s2 VA + S1 sin a = 0 S2 + S1 cos a - Ha = 0
0 + 0.624695 S1 = 0 S2 + 0 - 1 = 0
S1 = 0 t (Tekan) S2 = 1 t (Tarik)
Tinjauan titik C
eV = 0 eH = 0
-S1. Sin a - S4 = 0 - S1.Cos a + S3 = 0
S3 0 - S4 = 0 0 + S3 = 0
S4 = 0 t (Tekan) S3 = 0 t (Tekan)
S4
S1
Tinjauan titik D
eV = 0 eH = 0
S4 S5 S4 + S5 sin a = 0 -S2 + S5 cos a + S6 = 0
0 + S5 sin a = 0 -1 + 0 + S6 = 0
S5 = 0 t (Tekan) S6 = 1 t (Tarik)
S2 S6
Tinjauan titik X = 0
eV = 0 eH = 0
S9 -Vx + S9 -S6 + S10 + Hx = 0
0 + S9 = 0 -1 + S10 + 1
S9 = 0 (Tekan) S10 = 0 t (Tekan)
S6 S10
Hx = 1 t
Tinjauan titik E
eV = 0 eH = 0
0 - 0 - S8 0.625 = 0 0 - 0 + S8 0.781 + S7 = 0
S9 - S8 0.625 = 0 S7 + S8 0.781 = 0
S5 S8 S8 = 0 (Tekan) S7 = 0 (Tekan)
Tinjauan titik G
eH = 0 eV = 0
- S7 + S11. Cos a = 0 -S12 - S11.Sin a = 0
S7 0.0000 + S11 0.781 = 0 -S12 - 0 = 0
S12 S11 S11 = 0 t (Tekan) -S12 = 0 t
S12 = 0 t (Tekan)
-S10 - S8 cos a + S13 = 0 S12 + S8 sin a = 0
S8 S12 0 - 0 + S13 = 0 0 + 0.000 = 0
S13 = 0 t (Tekan) 0 = 0.000 t (Oke)
S10 S13
Tinjauan titik B
eH = 0 eV = 0
S11 -S11.Cos a - S13 = 0 S11.Sin a + VB = 0
0.000 - 0 = 0 0.00 + 0 = 0
S13 0.000 = 0 (Oke) 0.000 = 0 (Oke)
VB = 0
Gaya Batang ( Ton ) Panjang

Btg S.Uv.L S.UH.L S.L
Beban P(s) BebanVs BebanHs L
1 -11.60566 -0.800391 0 3.20156212 29.7395106 0 -37.15625

2 9.0625 0.625 1 2.5 14.1601563 22.65625 22.65625
3 -9.0625 -0.625 0 2.5 14.1601563 0 -22.65625
4 7.25 0.5 0 2 7.25 0 14.5
5 -5.202538 -0.800391 0 3.20156212 13.3315048 0 -16.65625
6 13.125 1.25 1 2.5 41.015625 32.8125 32.8125
7 -9.6875 -0.625 0 2.5 15.1367188 0 -24.21875
8 -4.402148 -0.800391 0 3.20156212 11.280504 0 -14.09375
9 6 1 0 2 12 0 12
10 13.125 1.25 0 2.5 41.015625 0 32.8125
11 -12.40605 -0.800391 0 3.20156212 31.7905114 0 -39.71875
12 7.75 0.5 0 2 7.75 0 15.5
13 9.6875 0.625 0 2.5 15.1367188 0 24.21875
e 0
i. Integral ganda
b. Hitung besarnya ӨA, ӨC, ӨD dan ∆B, ∆D dari model berikut, dengan menerapkan metode Unit
Load.
PENYELESAIAN :
1.5 t/m 8 t.m 5t 1 t/m 6t
A B C D E F
1.50 m 2.70 m 3.50 m 1.50 m 3.50 m

A. Menbuat persamaan defleksi dan rotasi sudut ( Metide Momen Area )
1. Bentang AB ( 0 < x < 1.5 )
Qx qx = -0.75 t/m x2
qx
Qx = 1 ∫-0.75 x2 dx
= -0.25 x3
1 EI
x 1 -0.75 x3dx -0.1875 x4
x = ∫ =
1.5 1 ∫ -0.75 x dx
2
-0.25 x3
= 0.75 x
EID = -Qx . (x-x)

= 0.0625 x4 + C1 x + C2 ……………………………….(2)
Eiq = 0.25 x3 + C1 ……………………………….(1)

Syarat Batas :
x = 1.5
1 EIDB = 0
0 = 0.0625 x4 + C1 x + C2
0 = 0.31640625 + C1 1.5 + C2 ……………………………….(2.a)
2 Bentang BC ( 0< x < 2.7 )
Qx qx = ( -1.69 + 2.89 x - 0.750 x2)

Qx =
∫
( -1.69
-1.688
+
x +
2.89
1.447
x
x
-
2
-
0.750 x2)
0.25 x3
-0.84 x2 + 0.96 x3 - 0.1875 x4.

x =
-1.69 x + 1.45 x2
- 0.25 x3
x
2.7
EID = - Qx . (x-x)
-0.84375 x2 + 0.9645 x3 - 0.1875 x4.
= - ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) . x -
-1.6875 x + 1.44675 x 2
- 0.25 x3 + C3 x + C4 …….(4)
Eiq = - ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x 2
- 0.25 x3
) + C3 …………….(3)
0 = C4
-0.84375 x2 + 0.9645 x3 - 0.1875 x4.
* 1 EID = - ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) . x -
-1.6875 x + 1.44675 x2 - 0.25 x3 + C3 x ………….(4.a)
3 Bentang CD ( 0< x < 3.5 )
Qx
qx = ( -7.34 + -1.156 x)
Qx = ∫ ( -7.34 + -1.156 x)
-7.34 x + -0.58 x2
-3.6712662 x2+ -0.3854978 x3

x =
-7.34 x+ -0.5782468 x2
EID = - Qx . (x-x)
-3.6712662 x2+ -0.3854978 x3
= - ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) . x - + C5 X + C6
-7.34 x+ -0.5782468 x2 ……………….(6)
Eiq = - ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) + C5 ……………………………….(5)
4 Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )
Qx
qx = ( -11.39026 + -6.1564935 x - 0.11111 X3 )

Qx =
∫ ( -11.39026 +
-11.390 x +
-6.1564935 x
-3.078 x2
-
-
0.11111
0.02778 x4
X3 )
-5.6951299 x2+ -2.0521645 x3 - 0.02777778 x4

x =
-11.39026 x + -3.0782468 x2 - 0.03703704 x3
EID = - Qx . (x-x)
-5.6951299 x2+ -2.0521645 x3 - 0.02777778 x4
= - ( -11.390 x + -3.078 x2 - 0.028 x4 ) . x - + C7 X + C8
-11.39026 x + -3.0782468 x -
2
0.03703704 x3 ……………….(8)
Eiq = - ( -11.39026 x + -3.07825 x2 - 0.028 x4 ) + C7 ……………….(7)

Umar Hafid As Uda:
0 = 16.3345123 + C7 1.5 + C8 ……………….(8-a)
Ini berbeda karena nilainya
tidak sama dengan metode
integral ganda, selisihnya
5 Bentang EF ( 0 < x < 3.50 m ) sekitar 0.00sekian, kalau
mau sama kasih sama
dengan nilai di metode
integral ganda.
Qx
qx = ( -21.00 + 6.000 x)
Re Qx = ∫ ( -21.00 + 6.000 x)
-21.00 x + 3 x2
-10.5 x2+ 2 x3
x =
-21 x+ 3 x2
EID = - Qx . (x-x)
-10.5 x2+ 2 x3
= - ( -21.00 x + 3 x2 ) . x - + C9 X + C10
-21.00 x+ 3 x2 ……………….(10)
Eiq = - ( -21 x + 3 x2 ) + C9 ……………………………….(9)

0 = C10
EID -10.5 x2+ 2 x3
= - ( -21.00 x + 3 x2 ) . x - + C9 X
-21.00 x+ 3 x2 ……………….(10-a)
* Untuk X = 1.5 = X = 0
0.25 x3 + C1 = - ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) + C3
0.84375 + C1 = C3
C1 = C3 - 0.84375 …………………(11)
0.31640625 + C1 1.5 + C2 -0.84375 x2 + 0.9645 x3 - 0.1875 x4.
= - ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) . x -
-1.6875 x + 1.44675 x2 - 0.25 x3 + C3 x
C1 1.5 + C2 = -0.3164063 …………………(12)
* Untuk X = 2.7 = X = 0
- ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) + C3 = - ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) + C5
C3 = C5 + 1.06983 …………………(13)

-0.84375 x2 + 0.9645 x3 - 0.1875 x4.
- ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) . x -
-1.6875 x + 1.44675 x2 - 0.25 x3 + C3 x
-3.6712662 x2+ -0.3854978 x3
= - ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) . x - + C5 X + C6
-7.34 x+ -0.5782468 x2
-0.0197043 + C3 x = C6
-0.0197043 + C3 2.7 = C6
C3 2.7 = C6 + 0.0197043 …………………(14)

C5 . 2.7 + 2.88854 = C6 + 0.0197043
C6 = C5 . 2.7 + 2.86883985 …………………(15)
* Untuk X = 3.5 = X = 0
- ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) + C5 = - ( -11.39026 x + -3.07825 x2 ) + C7
32.7823864 + C5 = C7
C5 = C7 + -32.782386364 ………………(16)
-3.6712662 x2+ -0.3854978 x3
- ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) . x - + C5 X + C6 = - ( -11.390 x + -3.078 x2 - 0.028 x4 )
-7.34 x+ -0.5782468 x2
-5.6951299 x2+ -2.0521645 x3 - 0.02777778 x4
. x - + C7 X + C8
-11.39026 x + -3.0782468 x - 2
0.03703704 x3
53.2371212121 + C5 3.5 + C6 = C8
C5 3.5 + C6 - C8 = -53.237121212 ………………(17)
* Untuk X = 1.5 = X = 0
- ( -11.39026 x + -3.07825 x2 - 0.028 x4 ) + C7 = - ( -21 x + 3 x2 ) + C9
24.1520698 + C7 = C9
C7 - C9 = -24.152069805 ………………(18)

16.3345123 + C7 1.5 + C8 -10.5 x2+ 2 x3
= - ( -21.00 x + 3 x2 ) . x - + C9 X
-21.00 x+ 3 x2
16.3345123 + C7 1.5 + C8 = 0
C8 = C7 -1.5 + -16.334512 ………………(19)

C5 3.5 + C5 . 2.7 + 2.86884 - C8 = -53.237121212
C5 . 6.2 - C8 = -56.105961066 ………………(20)

C7 6.2 + -203.25079545 - C8 = -56.105961066
C7 6.2 - C8 = 147.144834389 ………………(21)

C7 6.2 + C7 1.5 + 16.3345123 = 147.144834389
C7 7.7 = 130.810322093
C7 = 16.9883535186
C8 = 17 -1.5 + -16.334512 16.9884 - C9 = -24.152069805
C8 = -41.817043 C9 = 41.1404233238

C5 . 6.2 + 41.817 = -56.105961066 C3 = -15.794 + 1.06983
C5 = -15.794032845 C3 = -14.7242

C6 = -15.794 . 2.7 + 2.86883985 C1 = -14.7242 - 0.84375
C6 = -39.775 C1 = -15.568

-15.568 1.5 + C2 = -0.3164063
C2 = 23.0355213
~ Dengan mensubtitusi nilai C, maka diperoleh persamaan defleksi dan rotasi sudut sebagai berikut :
1. Bentang AB ( 0< x < 1.5 )
1 EIq = 0.25 x3 + -15.567952
1 EID = 0.0625 x4 + -15.568 x + 23.0355
∆A diperoleh pada saat x = 0

EI ∆A = 0.0625 x4 + -15.568 x + 23.0355
EI ∆A = 23.035521264273
ӨB diperoleh pada saat x = 1.5

EI ӨB = 0.25 x3 + -15.567952
EI ӨB = -14.7242
2 Bentang BC ( 0< x < 2.7 )

1 EIq = - ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) + -14.724202
1 EID = -0.84375 x2 + 0.9645 x3 - 0.1875 x4.
- ( -1.688 x + 1.447 x2 - 0.25 x3 ) . x -
-1.6875 x + 1.44675 x
2
- 0.25 x3 + -14.724202 x
ӨC diperoleh pada saat x = 2.7
EI ӨC = 0.25 x3 - 1.447 x2 + 1.69 x + -14.724202
EI ӨC = -15.794032845013
3 Bentang CD ( 0< x < 3.5 )

1 EIq = - ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) + -15.794
1 EID = -3.6712662 x2+ -0.3854978 x3
- ( -7.3425325 x + -0.57825 x2 ) . x -
-7.34 x+ -0.5782468 x2 + -15.8 x + -39.775
ӨD diperoleh pada saat x = 3.5

EI ӨD = 7.34253247 x + 0.57824675 x2 + -15.794
EI ӨD = 16.9883535
4 Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

1 EIq = - ( -11.39026 x + -3.07825 x2 - 0.028 x4 ) + 16.9884
1 EID = -5.6951299 x2+ -2.0521645 x3 - 0.02777778 x4
- ( -11.390 x + -3.078 x2 - 0.028 x4 ) . x -
-11.39026 x + -3.0782468 x2 - 0.03703704 x3 + 16.99 X + -41.817
5 Bentang EF ( 0 < x < 3.50 m )

1 EIq = - ( -21 x + 3 x2 )
1 EID = -10.5 x2+ 2 x3
- ( -21.00 x + 3 x2 ) . x -
-21.00 x+ 3 x2 + 41.1404 X + 41.1404
ӨF diperoleh pada saat x = 3.50 m

EI ӨF = 21 X + -3 X2 + 41.1404
EI ӨF = 77.8904233
……………….(8)
II 10
25
10 20
Luas Ordinat X Ordinat Y AX AY
BANGUN
( cm 2 ) ( cm ) ( cm ) ( cm 3 ) ( cm 3 )
10.0 . 35 0.500 . 10.0 0.5 . 35
I
350 5.000 17.500 1750.000 6125.000
20 . 10 10 + 0.5 . 20 25 + 0.5 . 10
II
200 20.000 30.000 4000.000 6000
S 550.000 25.000 47.500

5750.000 12125.000
S AX 5750.000 S AY 12125.000
X = = = 10.455 cm Y = = = 22.045 cm
S A 550.000 S A 550.000
10
1 X = x - x AX2 = A ( x - x )2 Axy = A ( x - x )( y - y )
= 5.000 - 10.455 = 350 29.752 = 350 -5.455 -4.545
= -5.455 cm = 10413.2231404959 cm4 = 8677.686 cm4
I
35
Y = y - y AY2 = A ( y - y )2
= 17.500 - 22.045 = 350 20.661
= -4.545 cm = 7231.40495867769 cm4
Ixo 1 bh3 Ixx = Ixo + AY2
=
12 = 35729.1666666667 + 7231.40495867769
1 10 42875 = 42960.572 cm4
=
12 Iyy = Iyo + AX2
= 35729.166666667 cm4 = 29.1666666666667 + 10413.2231404959
Iyo 1 hb3 = 10442.390 cm4
=
12 Ixy = Ixoyo + Axy
1 10 35 = 0 + 8677.686
=
12 = 8677.686 cm4
= 29.166666666667 cm4
20 KOORDINAT :
2 X = x - x AX2 = A ( x - x )2 Axy = A ( x - x )( y - y )
II
10
= 20.000 - 10.455 = 200 91.116 = 200 9.545 7.955
= 9.545 cm = 18223.1404958678 cm4 = 15185.950 cm4
II
10
Y = y - y AY2 = A ( y - y )2
= 30.000 - 22.045 = 200 63.275
= 7.955 cm = 12654.9586776859 cm4
Ixo 1 bh3 Ixx = Ixo + AY2
=
12 = 1666.66666666667 + 12654.9586776859
1 20 1000 = 14321.625 cm4
=
12 Iyy = Iyo + AX2
= 1666.6666666667 cm4 = 6666.66666666667 + 18223.1404958678
Iyo 1 hb3 = 24889.807 cm4
=
12 Ixy = Ixoyo + Axy
1 8000 10 = 0 + 15185.950
=
12 = 15185.950 cm4
= 6666.6666666667 cm4
Ixoyo = 0
Luas X (cm) Y (cm) AX2(cm2) AY2(cm2) Axy Ixo Iyo Ixoyo Ixx ( cm4) Iyy ( cm4) Ixy ( cm4)
NO
A (cm2) x - x y - y A ( x - x )2 A ( y - y )2 A ( x - x )( y - y ) cm4 cm4 cm4 Ixo + AY2 Iyo + AX2 Ixoyo + Axy
1
350 -5.455 -4.545 10413.223140496 7231.4049586777 8677.686 35729.167 29.167 0.000 42960.572 10442.390 8677.686
2
200 9.545 7.955 18223.140495868 12654.958677686 15185.950 1666.667 6666.667 0 14321.625 24889.807 15185.950
S
550.000 57282.197 35332.197 23863.636
* Imax-Imin Ixx Iyy Ixx - Iyy 2 ( Ixy )2

= S + +
2 2
`
57282.197 + 35332.197 689923765.496
= +
2
= 46307.196969697 + 26266.3999340577
Untuk Imax = 46307.196969697 + 26266.3999340577

= 72573.5969037547 cm4
Untuk Imin = 46307.196969697 - 26266.3999340577
= 20040.7970356392 cm4
* Orientasi sudut
tan 2 a 2 Ixy 2 . 23863.636
= - S Ixx - Iyy
= -
57282.197 - 35332.197
tan 2 a = -2.17436322219921
2 a = -65.3020736829327
a = -32.6510368414663
* Inersia pusat utama
= Ixx cos a + Iyy sin a - 2 Ixy cos a sin a

2 2
Ixa
= 57282.2 0.7089171 + 35332.2 0.2910829 - -21680.67
= 72573.6
atau Ixa = 0.5 (Ixx+Iyy) + 0.5 (Ixx-Tyy) cos 2a - Ixy sin 2a
= 0.5 92614.394 + 0.5 9171.461 - -21680.67
= 72573.6
= Ixx sin a + Iyy cos a + 2 Ixy cos a sin a

2 2
Iya
= 57282.2 0.2910829 + 35332.2 0.7089171 + -21680.67
= 20040.8
atau Ixa = 0.5 (Ixx+Iyy) - 0.5 (Ixx-Tyy) cos 2a + Ixy sin 2a

= 0.5 92614.394 - 0.5 9171.461 + -21680.67
= 20040.8
Ixya = 0.5 (Ixx-Iyy) sin 2a + Ixy cos 2a

= 0.5 -19942.086 + 23863.6 0.41783419
= 0.0

Dion Mekban No 4

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2 Balok dengan pembebanan sebagai berikut, dengan penampang tertentu dan berat diabaikan, gambarkan

diagram tegangan akibat M, D, N pada potongan sebagai berikut :

L 1 = 1.5 m L2 = 2.7 m L 3 = 3.5 m P1 = 5 ton

P2 = 6 ton q1 = 1.5 t/m q2 = 1 t/m M = 8 t.m

1.5 t/m 8 t.m 5t 1 t/m 6t

1.50 m 2.70 m 3.50 m 1.50 m 3.50 m

* Bentang AB ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

* Bentang BC ( 0 < x < 2.7 )

* Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 1.5 )

* Bentang EF ( 0 < x 3.5 )

Dari grafik moment dan lintang dapat diketahui bahwa :

MMaks = 1.103 ton/m

### Tegangan lentur murni ( tanpa adanya gaya Normal )

бatas M . ya 110329.327598808 . 7.537037037037

бbawah M . Yb 110329.327598808 . 13.46296296296

= 165.83381385 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tarik (+) )

‫ﺡ‬ D. S Dimana : D = Gaya lintang ( kg )

. Sedikit sebelah bawah

* Untuk potongan c-c

### Tegangan geser Untuk D = 0 t = 0 kg

. Sedikit sebelah bawah

* Untuk potongan c-c

### Tegangan Normal

### Tegangan lentur murni ( tanpa adanya gaya Normal )

бatas M . ya 2100000 . 7.537037037037

бbawah M . Yb 2100000 . 13.46296296296

= 3156.4681547 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tekan (-) )

### Tegangan geser Untuk DMin = -6.9064935064935 t = -6906.49350649351 kg

‫ﺡ‬ D. S Dimana : D = Gaya lintang ( kg )

‫ﺡ‬ -6906.493506 . 626.11111111

‫ﺡ‬ -6906.493506 . 626.11111111

* Untuk potongan c-c

### Tegangan geser Untuk DMax = 6 t = 6000 kg

‫ﺡ‬ D. S Dimana : D = Gaya lintang ( kg )

. Sedikit sebelah bawah

‫ﺡ‬ 6000 . 626.11111111

* Untuk potongan c-c

### Tegangan Normal

L 1 = 3.2 m L2 = 3 m L 3 = 2.5 m P1 = 6 ton

P2 = 5 ton q1 = 1.1 t/m q2 = 1.3 t/m M = 7.5 t.m

1.1 t/m 8 t.m 6t 1.3 t/m 5t

3.20 m 3.00 m 2.50 m 3.20 m 2.50 m

* Bentang AB ( 0 < x < 3.2 )

* Bentang BC ( 0 <x < 3 )

* Bentang DE ( 0 < x < 3.2 )

* Bentang EF ( 0 < x 2.5 )

Dari grafik moment dan lintang dapat diketahui bahwa :

### Tegangan lentur murni ( tanpa adanya gaya Normal )

бatas M . ya 697094.4909526 . 7.537037037037

бbawah M . Yb 697094.4909526 . 13.46296296296

= 1047.7888388 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tarik (+) )

‫ﺡ‬ D. S Dimana : D = Gaya lintang ( kg )

. Sedikit sebelah bawah

* Untuk potongan c-c

### Tegangan Normal

### Tegangan lentur murni ( tanpa adanya gaya Normal )

бatas M . ya 1250000 . 7.537037037037

бbawah M . Yb 1250000 . 13.46296296296

= 1878.8500921 kg/cm2 ( serat bawah/serat tekan (-) )

### Tegangan geser Untuk DMin = -6.1144061302682 t = -6114.4061302682 kg

‫ﺡ‬ D. S Dimana : D = Gaya lintang ( kg )

‫ﺡ‬ -6114.40613 . 626.11111111

. Sedikit sebelah bawah