Human Digestive System

( Sistem Pencernaan Manusia)

What happened after we eat?
 Human Digestive System
• The process of breaking down large molecules
food into smaller molecules that can be readily
absorbed by the body is called digestion

• Large molecules----------) Small Molecules

• ( Proses pemecahan molekul makanan yang besar kepada

molekul yang lebih kecil, dan kemudian diserap oleh badan
dipanggil pencernaan)
 Where the digestion occur?
• In an Eight –Metre Tube, called gut / alimentary
canal

• The gut begin at the mouth and end at the anus

Mouth Anus
 Two types of digestion
( 2 jenis pencernaan)
• (i) Physical Digestion ( Pencernaan Fizikal)

• (ii) Chemical Digestion ( Pencernaan Kimia)

 Physical Digestion
• Chewing by teeth ( Mengunyah menggunakan gigi)

• Churning of the food in the stomach

Chemical Digestion ( Pencernaan Kimia )

• Involve the action of enzymes on food

• ( Melibatkan tindakbalas enzim ke atas makanan)

• Enzymes??????
• Substance which act as catalyst

• Speed up the chemical reactions in our body

• ( Melajukan)
 Three Main Kinds Of Enzymes
• Amylase-Breakdown Carbohydrate ( AC)

• Protease-Breakdown Protein (PP)

• Lipases-Breakdown Fat ( LF)

Human Digestive System
 Mouth – Mulut

• Food is chewed into smaller pieces

• ( Makanan dikunyah kepada lebih halus)

• The salivary amylase catalyst the breaking

down of starch into maltose ( kind of sugar)
• ( Carbohydrate )
 Oesophagus

• Digested Food is shaped into bolus

• After that the food is swallowed ( ditelan )

• The bolus moves in action called peristalsis

Peristalsis
 Stomach

• Stomach wall produce Gastric juices

• Gastric Juices contain Hydrochloric Acid

 Function Of Hydrochloric Acid
• Stop the action of salivary amilase
( Memberhentikan tindak balas amilase air liur)

• Provide an acidic medium suitable for the action of protease

(Menyediakan Medium berasid yang sesuai untuk tindak balas
protease )

• Changes the inactive form of protease to its active form

( Mengaktifkan protease )

• Kills bacteria in the food ( Membunuh bakteria dalam makanan )

 In the stomach
• Enzymes protease
Protein Polypeptides
( Mucus protect the stomach wall from being
digested by protease)
• Peristalsis in the stomach will churn the food
and mixes it with gastric juices produces semi
solid called chyme
• ( Food + gastric juice  chyme )
Duodenum
 Duodenum

• First part of small intestine

Receive biles from gall bladder ( pundi hempedu )

• Gall Bladder- greenish fluid ( cecair hijau )

• ---- emulsifies fats into oil droplets
• ---- neutralises the acidified chyme
 Duodenum
• Pancreatic Juice contain:-
Enzymes From To

Amylase Starch Maltose

Protease Proteins Polipeptide

Lipase Fat Fatty Acids

Lower Part Of Small Intestine
• In the small intestine, there are intestinal
glands,

• Intesinal gland secretes intestinal juices

• Intestinal juices contain enzymes

 Lower Part Of Small Of Intestine
• This part of the small intestines juice

• Enzyme Amylase- ( maltase  glucose )

• Enzyme Protease- ( Protease  Amino Acid )

• Enzyme Lipase- ( Fats Fatty Acid, glycerol)

 Evaluation
• State the part in digestive system ?
• Labelled the part of digestive system below
a c

b d

e
• The action of movement in oesophagus is
called?
• Salivary amilase digest -------------
• Which class Of food that be digested in
mouth?
• Gastric Juices is secreted by --------------
• Gastric Juices contain--------------
• What is the function of Hydrocloric Acid ?
• State the enzymes that contain in Duodenum?