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APPENDIX

PIPELINE I
rough smooth rough smooth rough smooth
Diameter (m) 0.025 0.0235 0.025 0.0235 0.025 0.0235
Flow Rate,Q (m3/hr) 0.4 0.8 1.2
h1 (cm) 30.4 15.7 28.2 15.7 24.6 15.5
h2 (cm) 32.3 16.4 35.1 13.9 39.7 20.1
diffrence height,h
1.9 0.7 6.9 1.8 15.1 4.6
(cm)
ΔP (kg/m.s2) 185.74 68.43 674.52 175.96 1476.13 449.68
velocity (m/s) 0.2264 0.2562 0.4567 0.5123 0.6791 0.7685
1.85300E- 5.01230E- 1.68300E- 3.22350E- 1.63700E- 3.66070E-
friction factor,f
02 03 02 03 02 03
Logarithm of f -1.7321 -2.3000 -1.7739 -2.4917 -1.7860 -2.4364
13255.598 13968.036 19697.761 20953.417
Reynold Number,Re 6566.8870 6985.3810
0 0 0 0
time for 20 liter,t (s) 118 68 46
Flow Rate,Q' (L/min) 10.17 17.65 26.09
rough smooth rough smooth
Diameter (m) 0.025 0.0235 0.025 0.0235
Flow Rate,Q (m3/hr) 1.8 2.4
h1 (cm) 19.1 15.5 12.9 15.4
h2 (cm) 46.8 23.2 54.7 26.6
diffrence height,h
27.7 7.7 41.8 11.2
(cm)
ΔP (kg/m.s2) 2707.86 752.73 4086.23 1094.87
velocity (m/s) 1.0186 1.1528 1.3581 1.5370
1.33500E- 2.27320E- 1.13300E- 2.22830E-
friction factor,f
02 03 02 03
Logarithm of f -1.8745 -2.5649 -1.9458 -2.6520
29545.191 31431.489 39392.621 41906.834
Reynold Number,Re
0 0 0 0
time for 20 liter,t (s) 33 27
Flow Rate,Q' (L/min) 36.36 44.44
Table 1: flow through smooth pipes and roughened pipes of differing diameters under laminar and
turbulent conditions (Pipeline 1).
PIPELINE II
  rough smooth rough smooth rough smooth
Diameter (m) 0.014 0.0133 0.014 0.0133 0.014 0.0133
Flow Rate,Q (m3/hr) 0.4 0.8 1.2
h1 (cm) 2 0.6 2.2 -1.9 5.5 -3
h2 (cm) -3 -1.6 -3.3 0.9 -6.5 2.1
diffrence height,h (cm) 5 2.2 5.5 2.8 12 5.1
ΔP (kg/m.s2) 6158.67 2709.81 6774.54 3448.86 14780.81 6281.84
velocity (m/s) 0.7218 0.7998 1.4436 1.5995 2.1654 2.3993
friction factor,f 3.32100E-01 1.13100E-01 9.13000E-02 3.59800E-02 8.86000E-02 2.91300E-02
Logarithm of f -0.4787 -0.9465 -1.0395 -1.4439 -1.0531 -1.5357
9.04673E+0 9.53133E+0 1.80935E+0 1.90451E+0 2.71402E+0 2.85682E+0
Reynold Number,Re
4 3 5 5 5 5
time for 20 liter,t (s) 118 68 46
Flow Rate,Q' (L/min) 10.17 17.65 26.09
rough smooth rough smooth
Diameter (m) 0.014 0.0133 0.014 0.0133
3
Flow Rate,Q (m /hr) 1.4 1.8
h1 (cm) 7.9 -4 12.3 -5.2
h2 (cm) -9 4.1 -13.3 4.1
diffrence height,h (cm) 16.9 8.1 25.6 9.3
2
ΔP (kg/m.s ) 20816.30 9977.00 31532.39 11455.12
velocity (m/s) 2.5263 2.7991 3.2481 3.5990
friction factor,f 9.16000E-02 3.39900E-02 8.39800E-02 2.36100E-02
Logarithm of f -1.0381 -1.4686 -1.0758 -1.6269
3.16636E+0 3.33286E+0 4.07103E+0 4.28529E+0
Reynold Number,Re
5 5 5 5
time for 20 liter,t (s) 40 33
Flow Rate,Q' (L/min) 30.00 36.36
Table 2: flow through smooth pipes and roughened pipes of differing diameters under laminar and
turbulent conditions (Pipeline 2).
elbow
3
Flow Rate,Q (m /hr) 0.4 1 1.4 1.8
h1 (cm) 1.6 0.9 -5.9 7.1
h2 (cm) -3.7 -1.9 5 -8
difference height,h
-5.3 -2.8 10.9 -15.1
(cm)
6528.18 4680.58 13425. 18599.1
ΔP (kg/m.s2)
9 8 9 8

90⁰ bending
3
Flow Rate,Q (m /hr) 0.4 1 1.4 1.8
h1 (cm) -4.1 -2.4 2 3.1
h2 (cm) 2.2 1.4 -3.1 -4.1
difference height,h
(cm) 6.3 3.8 -5.1 -7.2
7759.92 3448.85 6281.84 8868.48
ΔP (kg/m.s2)
3 5 2 3

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