PENJADWALAN IRIGASI
Dosen:
Ir. Dedi Kusnadi Kalsim,M.Eng,Dipl.He
Asisten:
Abdul Wahid Monayo , S.TP
Laporan Praktikum
Teknik Irigasi dan Drainase
Judul Praktikum : Penjadwalan Irigasi
Dosen : Sutoyo, STP, Msi
Asisten : A. Wahid Monayo
Tanggal dan Tempat : 3 Maret 2011, AEDS
Tujuan : Menentukan penjadwalan irigasi yang optimum
Bahan dan Alat : (a) Software CROPWAT, (b) Komputer
Prosedur :
Berdasarkan hasil Praktikum 2. Mahasiswa menentukan asumsi tekstur
tanah di daerahnya.
Tanpa irigasi atau sistem tadah hujan (Rainfed) hitung berapa penurunan
hasil yang terjadi untuk setiap tanaman.
Bagaimana cara perhitungan dugaan penurunan hasil akibat stress
kekurangan air?
Cobakan beberapa pilihan (option) cara pemberian air irigasi yang tersedia
dalam CROPWAT. Catat penurunan hasil dan efisiensi irigasi yang
dicapai.
Bagaimana cara menghitung efisiensi dalam CROPWAT.
Saudara dapat menggunakan cara pemberian air dari yang paling rumit
sampai ke yang paling sederhana. Untuk aplikasi di lapangan pada kondisi
Indonesia, cara apa yang saudara anjurkan? Berikan alasannya.
Buat kesimpulan dan saran dari hasil praktikum ini.
Hasil
* Soil Data:
------------
- Soil description : Medium
- Initial soil moisture depletion: 0%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date TAM RAM Total Efct. ETc ETc/ETm SMD Interv. Net Lost User
Rain Rain Irr. Irr. Adj.
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) (mm) (Days) (mm) (mm) (mm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
26/5 45.0 22.5 16.7 3.3 1.7 100.0% 1.7
31/5 52.6 26.3 14.8 8.4 1.7 100.0% 1.7
5/6 60.1 30.0 13.0 8.5 1.7 100.0% 1.7
10/6 67.6 33.8 11.3 8.6 1.7 100.0% 1.7
15/6 75.2 37.6 9.6 8.7 1.7 100.0% 1.7
20/6 82.7 41.4 8.1 8.1 2.2 100.0% 3.2
25/6 90.2 45.1 6.6 6.6 2.8 100.0% 9.5
30/6 97.8 48.9 5.3 5.3 3.6 100.0% 20.6
5/7 105.3 52.7 4.1 4.1 4.3 100.0% 36.5
10/7 112.9 56.4 3.0 3.0 5.0 100.0% 57.1
15/7 120.4 60.2 2.1 2.1 4.4 86.4% 78.8
20/7 127.9 64.0 1.3 1.3 3.6 61.4% 96.7
25/7 135.5 67.7 0.6 0.6 2.9 44.3% 111.7
30/7 140.0 70.0 0.2 0.2 2.0 31.9% 123.8
24/8 140.0 70.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 7.8% 139.0
29/8 140.0 70.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 1.3% 138.8
3/9 140.0 70.0 1.4 1.4 0.3 1.7% 138.1
8/9 140.0 74.2 2.3 2.3 0.4 2.8% 137.0
13/9 140.0 81.2 3.3 3.3 0.6 4.9% 135.5
18/9 140.0 88.2 4.5 4.5 0.9 8.1% 133.8
23/9 140.0 95.2 5.8 5.8 1.2 12.7% 131.7
28/9 140.0 102.2 7.2 7.2 1.5 19.6% 129.4
3/10 140.0 109.2 8.9 8.9 1.9 29.9% 126.8
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 130.8 102.8 232.8 31.9% 0.0 0.0 0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Yield Reduction:
------------------
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 1 = 0.0%
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 2 = 9.6%
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 3 = 120.3%
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 4 = 43.4%
--------
- Estimated total yield reduction = 85.1%
* Legend:
---------
TAM = Total Available Moisture = (FC% - WP%)* Root Depth [mm].
RAM = Readily Available Moisture = TAM * P [mm].
SMD = Soil Moisture Deficit [mm].
* Notes:
--------
Monthly ETo is distributed using polynomial curve fitting.
Monthly Rainfall is distributed using polynomial curve fitting.
To generate rainfall events, each 5 days of distributed rainfall are
accumulated as one storm.
Only NET irrigation requirements are given here. No any kind of losses
was taken into account in the calculations.
* Soil Data:
------------
- Soil description : Medium
- Initial soil moisture depletion: 0%
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Date TAM RAM Total Efct. ETc ETc/ETm SMD Interv. Net Lost User
Rain Rain Irr. Irr. Adj.
(mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (%) (mm) (Days) (mm) (mm) (mm)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
24/5 42.0 21.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 100.0% 1.5 0 70.0 68.5
26/5 45.0 22.5 16.7 1.5 1.5 100.0% 1.5
31/5 52.6 26.3 14.8 7.3 1.5 100.0% 1.5
5/6 60.1 30.0 13.0 7.4 1.5 100.0% 1.5
10/6 67.6 33.8 11.3 7.5 1.5 100.0% 1.5
15/6 75.2 37.6 9.6 7.6 1.5 100.0% 1.5
20/6 82.7 41.4 8.1 8.0 1.9 100.0% 1.9
23/6 87.2 43.6 0.0 0.0 2.2 100.0% 8.3 30 70.0 61.7
25/6 90.2 45.1 6.6 2.4 2.5 100.0% 2.5
30/6 97.8 48.9 5.3 5.3 3.1 100.0% 11.5
5/7 105.3 52.7 4.1 4.1 3.7 100.0% 24.9
10/7 112.9 56.4 3.0 3.0 4.4 100.0% 42.6
15/7 120.4 60.2 2.1 2.1 5.1 100.0% 64.6
20/7 127.9 64.0 1.3 1.3 4.2 81.9% 85.8
23/7 132.5 66.2 0.0 0.0 3.6 63.0% 97.2 30 70.0 0.0
25/7 135.5 67.7 0.6 0.6 6.5 100.0% 39.3
30/7 140.0 70.0 0.2 0.2 6.8 100.0% 72.8
22/8 140.0 70.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 38.1% 134.0 30 70.0 0.0
24/8 140.0 70.0 0.2 0.2 7.1 99.3% 78.1
29/8 140.0 70.0 0.7 0.7 4.2 72.2% 103.4
3/9 140.0 70.0 1.4 1.4 2.6 42.9% 117.6
8/9 140.0 74.2 2.3 2.3 1.8 27.2% 125.1
13/9 140.0 81.2 3.3 3.3 1.4 20.6% 128.6
18/9 140.0 88.2 4.5 4.5 1.3 18.5% 129.5
21/9 140.0 92.4 0.0 0.0 0.9 19.1% 132.6 30 70.0 0.0
23/9 140.0 95.2 5.8 5.8 4.9 100.0% 66.7
28/9 140.0 102.2 7.2 7.2 4.2 100.0% 81.7
3/10 140.0 109.2 8.9 8.9 3.4 100.0% 91.5
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 130.8 92.3 409.9 64.0% 350.0 130.3 0.0
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Yield Reduction:
------------------
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 1 = 0.0%
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 2 = 2.8%
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 3 = 64.7%
- Estimated yield reduction in growth stage # 4 = 25.1%
--------
- Estimated total yield reduction = 45.0%
* Legend:
---------
TAM = Total Available Moisture = (FC% - WP%)* Root Depth [mm].
RAM = Readily Available Moisture = TAM * P [mm].
SMD = Soil Moisture Deficit [mm].
Kesimpulan
Dengan cara menggunakan aplikasi CropWat 4 pengaturan penjadwalan
irigasi dapat dilihat bahwa efisien suatu wilayah dan jenis komodity berbeda-beda.
Untuk menghasilkan yang lebih effisien adalah penjadwalan tipe RAM dan Refill
sehingga kebutuhan air tetap terjaga. Namun pada praktek di Indonesia metode yang
pantas adalah tipe Irigasi Interval Day(Jarak Hari) karena sistemnya yang sederhana
dan peralatan yang murah dan simple.
Saran
Dibutuhkan data yang lebih relevan atau ter-update karana untuk mengetahui
keadaan lahan pada atahun sekarang.