Development of Tsunami Simulator on Unstructured

Grid by Multi-Moment Finite Volume Method

R. Akoh, S. Ii, F. Xiao

Department of Energy Sciences

Tokyo Institute of Technology

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Outline

1. Introduction

2. Numerical Formulation
and Numerical Tests

3. Realistic Tsunami Simulation

4. Summary

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Introduction
Tsunami
Tsunami Disaster-Prevention
Disaster-Prevention * NOAA website

Considerable Interest in Numerical Simulation

for Tsunami Forecast and Assessment of Damage

Requirement of Reliable Tsunami Simulation

Improvement
Improvement for
for Tsunami
Tsunami Simulation
Simulation
・Estimation of ・Development of
Initial Condition Numerical Model

More Reliable and Robust Numerical Formulations

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Introduction
Governing
Governing Equations
Equations for
for 2D
2D Tsunami
Tsunami Simulator
Simulator

・Compute from Seismic Fault to Coast

・Predict Arrival Time and Height of Tsunami

Purpose
Purpose of
of Present
Present Research
Research
Development of 2D Tsunami Simulator
Which Satisfy Following Requirements
・Adequate Numerical Schemes and Formulations
・Representation of Complex Boundary Line
・Treatment of Bottom Topography
2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008

CIP/Multi-Moment
CIP/Multi-Moment Finite
Finite Volume
Volume Method
・Finite Volume Method
Estimation of the Flux
through each cell interface
Numerical Formulations
Method (CIP/MM
(CIP/MM FVM)
FVM)
・Multi-Moment Concept
Utilization of Multi-Moment
as the model variables

High Order Spatial Interpolation

Numerical Conservation
with Fewer Mesh Stencil

Unstructured
Unstructured Triangular
Triangular Grids
Grids

Accurate Representation for Complex Boundary

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Numerical Tests
Circular
Circular Dam-Break
Dam-Break Problem
Problem

Circular Symmetry is Well Preserved

and Shock Discontinuity is Well Captured
2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Numerical Tests
Dam
Dam connecting
connecting Channel
Channel with
with 45°Bend
45°Bend

Accurate Representation for Complex Boundary

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Numerical Formulations
Formulation
Formulation for
for Bottom
Bottom Slope
Slope Source
Source Term
Term
・Fundamental Balance on Static Condition

NOT preserve at the Discrete Level Spurious Oscillations

Reduction
Reduction to
to Discritization
Discritization inin terms
terms of
of Total
Total Height
Height

Approximated to Become

Estimated Totally Same as

Enable to Construct Well-Balanced Formulation, Easily

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Numerical Tests
Small
Small Perturbation
Perturbation Moving
Moving Across
Across Lake
Lake with
with Bump
Bump on
on Bed
Bed

Present Formulation is Well-Balanced

and Available to Problem with Bottom Topography
2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Realistic Tsunami Simulation
Asian
Asian Tsunami
Tsunami inin 2004
2004
・Earthquake

One of the Largest Earthquake

in the World since 1900
・Disaster Damage

One of the Deadliest Natural Disaster

in Recorded History
2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Realistic Tsunami Simulation
Computational
Computational Conditions
Conditions
・Initial Condition ・Bottom Topography
Deformation in Sea Surface*
ETOPO2 Bathymetric Data*
retrieved from (from NOAA)
Sea Floor Deformation Data
(from Koshimura and Takashima(2005))

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Numerical Results
Contour
Contour View
View of
of Numerical
Numerical Results
Results

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Numerical Results
Contour
Contour View
View of
of Numerical
Numerical Results
Results for
for Closed-up
Closed-up Region
Region

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Validation
Comparison
Comparison of
of the
the Maximum
Maximum Tsunami
Tsunami Height
Height
between
between Numerical
Numerical Results
Results and
and Observational
Observational Data
Data
・Observed Tsunami Height
Maximum Tsunami Height
・Hearing
from ・Water Mark on the Wall
・Trace on leaf , etc

・Data Set 1 (DPRI)* Consistency

・Data Set 2 (Dr. Nakorn)* among
・Data Set 3 (Dr. Chookeat)* Each Other

Provide Reliable Data Base for Validation

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Validation
Comparison
Comparison of
of the
the Maximum
Maximum Tsunami
Tsunami Height
Height
between
between Present
Present Model
Model and
and TSUNAMI-N2
TSUNAMI-N2 Model
Model

・TSUNAMI-N2 Model

One of the Most Widely

Used Tsunami Simulator

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Validation
Comparison
Comparison with
with Observed
Observed Data
Data
Data Set 1 Data Set 2 Data Set 3

Our Simulator is Applicable to the realistic Tsunami Simulation

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Validation
Comparison
Comparison with
with TSUNAMI-N2
TSUNAMI-N2 Model
Model

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Summary

We have constructed an accurate and robust numerical

model for shallow water equations by applying some
state-of-the-art numerical formulations.

We computed some standard benchmark tests and

compared with the results in References. The
competitive results were obtained by the present
formulation. The numerical results are quite promising.

We have done the realistic Tsunami simulation and

validate our Tsunami simulator by comparison with the
observed data and TSUNAMI-N2 model.
2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008
 Thank you !

2nd INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON NUMERICAL SIMULATION FOR DISASTROUS PHENOMENA 31st January 2008