SMART SENSORS

PRESENTED BY
SWARNJEET KAUR
11092011
M.TECH ECE
2ND Semester
 SENSORS
 An electronic device that produces electrical, optical, or digital data
derived from a physical condition or event.
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 SMART SENSORS
 Smart sensors are sensors with integrated electronics that can perform
one or more of the following function logic functions, two-way
communication, make decisions.
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 Usefulness of Silicon
Technology in Smart Sensor
 A smart sensor is made with the same technology as integrated circuits. A
smart sensor utilizes the transduction properties of one class of
materials and electronic Smart Sensors properties of silicon (GaAs).
A transduction element either includes thin metal films, zinc oxide
and polymeric films.
 Integrated sensors provide significant advantages in terms of overall size
and the ability to use small signals from the transduction element.
The IC industry will get involved in smart sensor if a very large
market can be captured and the production of smart sensor does not
require non-standard processing steps.
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Signal conversion effects
TABLE 1: Signal domain with different measurand
Table2-Signal domain with physical effects
 Importance and Adoption of Smart Sensor
 Cost improvement
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 Reduced cost of bulk cables and connectors



 Remote Diagnostics
 Enhancement of application

 Self calibration
 Computation
 Communication
 Multisensing
 System Reliability
 Better Signal to Noise Ratio


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 Improvement in characteristics
 Non-linearity
 Cross-sensitivity
 Offset
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General Architecture of smart sensor
 Types of Smart Sesnsors

 Optical SENSORS
 Infrared Detector Array
 Acceleromete
 Integrated multisensor
 Bluetooth based smart sensors
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 WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

 From the user point of view, querying and tasking are two main services provided
by wireless sensor networks .Queries are used when user requires only the
current value of the observed phenomenon. As wireless sensor networks are
data-centric networks, the user does not query a specific node for the
information it might provide, but defines data (type,location, accuracy, time,
etc.) he/she is interested in and requests it from all nodes that can provide the
answer.
 Gateway functionality
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 Smart sensor nodes scattered in the field collect data and send it to users
via gateway using multiple hop routes.
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Figure 2- Wireless sensor network

The main functions of a gateway are the following

 Communication with sensor network - Short-range wireless communication is

used (Bluetooth, UWB, RF, IR, etc.). Provides functions like discovery of
smart sensor nodes, generic methods for sending and receiving data to and
from sensors, routing, etc.
 Gateway logic – Controls gateway interfaces and data flow to and from sensor
network. It provides an abstraction level with API that describes the existing
sensors and their characteristics; provides functions for uniform access to
sensors regardless of their type,location or network topology, inject queries
and tasks and collect replies.
 Communication with users – Gateway communicates with users or other sensor
networks over the Internet,wide area networks (GPRS, UMTS), satellite or
some short-range communication technology.
 Communication With Users

 Gateway communications with users or other sensor networks over the Internet,
WAN, Satellite or some shortage communication technology.From the user
point of view, quering and tasking are two main services provided by
wireless sensor networks. Queries are used when user requires only the
current value of the observed phenomenon. Tasking is a more complex
operation and is used when a phenomenon has to be observed over a large
period of time.Both queries and tasks of time to the network by the gateway
which also collects replies and forwards them to users.
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 BlueTooth

 Blue tooth operates in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4 GHZ frequency band and
use frequency hopping spread spectrum technique. A typical Blue tooth
device has a range of about 10 meters and can be extended to 100meters.
Communication channels supports total bandwidth of 1 Mb / sec. A single
connection supports a maximum asymmetric data transfer rate of 721 KBPS
maximum of three channels.
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
Smart Sensor Node Architecture
 Discovery Of The Smart Sensor Nodes

 Smart sensor node discovery is the first procedure that is executed upon the gateway
installation. It goals to discover all sensor nodes in the area and to build a list of
sensor's characteristics.
 When the gateway is initialized, it performs bluetooth inquiry procedure. When the blue
tooth device is discovered, the major and minor device classes are checked. These
parameters are set by each smart node to define type of the device and type of the
attached sensors. Service class field can be used to give some additional description of
offered services. if discovered device is not smart node it is discarded. Otherwise
service database of the discovered smart node is searched for sensor services.Once
connection strings is obtained from the device. Blue tooth link is established and data
exchange with smart mode can start.
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 CONCLUSION

 In conclusion, silicon is very suitable material for fabrication of smart sensors.

But still a lot of research is required to get benefits of the smart sensor but
from the experience of already existing devices, we can expect that in the
coming decade a large number of successful smart sensors will
emerge.Bluetooth is a possible choice for data communication in sensor
networks. Good throughput, low-power and low-cost.
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THANKS