100 of the World's Best Graphic Designers
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We are now at one of the most important turning points in
the history of graphic design; the influence of art, film, and
‘music has never been stronger, and the advent of new com.
‘puter technologies hes catapulted graphic design into a
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work and visions of 100 leading graphic designers, this
unique guide documents the best of contamporary graphic
design worldwide from Europe, America, Asia and Aus-
‘talia—and offers designers’ in-their-own-words prodictions
‘about the future of this fast-moving and omnipresent disci-
line. Alphabetical designer entries also include examples of
recent work as well as biographical and contact information,
‘making this not only an inspiring sourcebook, but also an
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‘more rarely, genuinely new formal
inventiveness. Because of the over-
\whelming bombardment of visual
communications that we all expert
ence on a daily basis, we have not
only become more visually iterate
and culturally savvy in the decioher-
ing of the intentions that fio at the
r00t of the codes, but also our
senses have become increasingly
jaded by the stylistic sameness of
much mainstream, “strategic,” mar-
keting-led communication. These
days, for something to catch our
attention for more than just a few
seconds it has to be really thought-
provoking or amusing. More than at
any other time in the short but pro-
lific history of graphic design, the
current pressure on professional
Practitioners to produce distinctively
authentic work that conveys a mes:
sage in a uniquely captivating way is
{eater than ever. And that’s not all;
graphic design just got bigger. The
profession has broadened as the
boundaries between creative discip
lines have become increasingly
blurred through the application of —
and opportunities presented by ~
new democratising digital technoio-
ges
For the vast majority of designers in
this survey the computer has be-
come their primary tool, but given
this, there is also a desire by many
10 break out of the constraining imi-
tations imposed by off-the-shelf soft-
ware programmes. The Intemnet and
advanced computing power has
delivered greater speed to graphic
dosign practice, yet at the same time
this technologically-driven acosler-
ation has also increased the styistic
‘obsolescence of graphic design so-
lubons — what appears cutting-edge
‘one year will soem old hat the next
as new ways of making graphic de-
sign provide novel possiblities of
expression. Over the last decade
graphic design has grown from a
primarily static medium of encansu-
lated messages (books, posters,
display ads, etc.) to one that is in-
creasingly about movement and
‘ply, and is open to interaction since
the advent of screen-based so-called
graphic user interfaces (GUI). This
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Unsere Aufmerksamkeit entweder
auf forsche, direkte Weise gefangen
‘oder sie umgarnen uns langsam,
nach und nach, mit bidichen oder
sprachlichen Doppeldeutigkeiten. in
{der heute unaufhorich wachsenden
Informations- und Bilderflut sind
digjenigen am erfolgreichsten, die
den Betrachter mit sinnvollen Inhal-
ten, witzigen, geistreichen und/oder
—was eher selten ist - wirklichen
chercher & nous embobiner lonte-
ment en créant une ambiguits
visuelle ou des doubles sens. Dans
Cet ocean diinformations et diimages
en expansion constante, ceux qui
arviennent le mieux & nous «accro
Cher» sont ceux qui nous appatent
avec un contenu intelligent, original,
humorstique et/ou, plus rare, une
\ertable inventivité dans ia forme.
Du fait du bombardement incessantthis is
‘seem a new pt
i eee ee
centul : arts* Most '
maniested themselves in Oe
I1907, for example, Peter Behrens
(1868-1940) was appointed anistic
adviser to the wellknown Geren
menufecturer AEG, and subsequently
became the first designer to intro-
duce such a programme, Designers
were, however, stil jacks-of-al-
trades. One day they would be de-
signing furniture and lighting, the
next day textiles or ceramics, and
because of this graphic design was
seen as just another fied in which
artists or archit yners could
try their hand. The well-known logo
of the Carisberg brewery for in-
stance, was inttally devised by the
Danish ceramicist and furniture
ner Thorvald Bindesbell (1848—
3) in 1904.
The emergence of this new dis-
Gipline during the early years of the
20th century led to the founding of
the American Institute of Graphic
‘Arts (AIGA) in New York in 1914 —
the first organization to be specific.
ally Set up for the promotion of what
was then termed “graphic arts". It
‘was not until the First World War,
however. that the importance of
graphic design as a tool for propa-
‘ganda was firmly established, most
Notably by Janes Montgomery
Flagg (1877-1960), who created the
famous “I Want You for US Army”
recruiting poster showing Uncle
‘Sam (based on a setf-portratt). Fol
lowing the war's end, the Art Direc-
tors Club was founded in New York
in 1920 so as to raise the status of
advertising — a growing area of the
Graphic arts that wes distrusted by
the general public because of the
false claims and visual excesses that
had become associated with it The
‘Art Directors Club subsequently
staged exhibitions and produced
publications that showcased the
Tost creative advertising work, and
in so doing helped to establish a
greater professionalism within graph-
i¢ design practice. Reflecting the dis-
ipline’s move away from the sub-
jectivty of fine art to the objectivity
of design, the American typogrepher
Willa Addison Dwviggins (1880-
1956) reputedly first coed the term
“graphic design” in 1922.
‘After the enormous upheavels of the
First World War, many peopie put
their faith in new technology and
‘seine Verflechtung mit anderen
Disziplinen — bildende Kunst, Film,
Miustration, Musik -, seine enge
Beziehung zur nevesten Technik,
seine Kompizenschaft mit der
\Wwinschaftichen Globalisierung und
dariiber, dass Grafiker heute vietfach
der poetischen Vieldeutigkeit post-
‘modemer kulturellerInterpretationen
den Vorzug vor der universellen,
Kiamheit der Modeme geben. Im
Bemihen um eine sinnvolle, be-
yandete Aussage uber den
ences
wird, haben wir zunachst einmeal bei
den ausgewehiten Vertretem des
Fachs eine Reihe von gemeinsamen
Zeelen und Themen identfzier: den
‘Winsch nach Aufhebung des fach-
lichen Schubladendenkens, die vor-
rangige Bedeutung von Inhalten, den
Einfluss modemster Technologie auf
die Arbeitsergebnisse, den Wunsch
nach emotionalen Verbindungen und
‘nach Uberwindung der von der han-
delsubichen Software gezogenen
Grenzen, das Misstraven gogeniiber
dem Kommerz, die zunehmends
Menge, Komplexitat und Beschiew-
nigung der Informationsflisse, die
Notwendigkett der Vereinfachung
tnd — last, but not least - die Nor-
wendigkeit ethisch vertretbarer
Entwarfe,
Zum besseren Verstandnis der
aktuellen Situation des Grafikdesigns
muss man vielleicht zuerst einmal
die Entwicklung dieses relativ jungen
Berutszweigs zurickverfolgen. Der
Zunehmend interdisziplinsre Charak-
ter der Berufspraxis mag als neues
Phanomen erscheinen, ist es aber
‘eigentlich nicht. Im spaten 19. Jahr-
hundert hat sich die Kunst der
‘Gebrauchsgrafik* am deutichsten
Jn groBen, im Jugendstil bzw. im Stl
des Art nouveau entworfenen Wer-
beplekaten ni = von
denen. die Henn de Toulouse-Lautrec
(1864-1901) fur Pariser Cabarets
schul, bis zur Job-Zigerettenwerbung
‘yon Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939).
Derartige skorimerzielle Kunstwerkex
stammten heufig von ansonsten frei-
schatfenden Kunstlem sowre Archi-
tekten und kunsthandwerklichen
Gestaitem und waren daher meist
stark von den Entwicklungen in der
bilkdenden und angewandten Kunst
ihrer Zeit gopragt. Dor neue Boruf
des Gebrauchsgrafikers war eng
visible 8 trevers les grands placards
ublictaires de style Art nouveau,
des affiches de cabaret d'Henri d=
Toulouse-Lautrec (1864-1901) aux
publicités pour le papier & cigarette
‘«Job» d'Alphonse Mucha (1860-
1939). Cette forme d'art commorcial
étant souvent confiée 3 des artistes
et des architectes / designers, elle
était, donc fortement infiuencée par
les développements contemporains
dans les beaincans et les arts appli-
qués. Le nouveau métier de gra-
phiste, lui, se limitait principalement
4 la création daffiches et de livres
et était étroitement apparenté a la
promotion de rimprimerie «d'art» de
V/Arts & Crafts Movement britan-
nique. A cette Epoque, méme avec
impression mécanique. les résultats
semblaient souvent impnimés a la
main. Il fallt attondre le début du
20° siécle pour que les «arts gra-
phiques» soient utilsés pour deve
lopper des identiss ¢estreprses
completes et intégrées. En 1907.
architocte — designor Peter Behrons
(1868-1940) fut nommé conseiller
artistique de la célebre firme alle
mande AEG, inaugurant un nouveau
type de collaboration de ce genre.
Aépoque, les créatours étaient
luminaires, tant6t des tissus et des
‘céramiques, etc. De ce fart le gra-
phisme n’étart considéré que comme
tun domaine parmi tant d'autres dans
lequel is pouvaient exercer leurs
talents. Le célébre logo des bras-
series Carlsberg, notamment. fut