SISTEM DIGITAL
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu persyaratan memperoleh gelar Ahli Madya
Program D3 Teknik Elektro Instrumentasi dan Kendali
Universitas Negeri Semarang
Disusun Oleh :
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS NEGERI SEMARANG
2007
ABSTRAK
Fatkhul Yaasin. 2007. Detektor Level Zat Cair Sistem Digital. Tugas Akhir
(TA). Diploma III Teknik Elektro. Fakultas Teknik. Universitas Negeri Semarang.
ii
iii
MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN
MOTTO
Ø Jadikanlah sabar dan sholat sebagai penolongmu. Dan sesungguhnya yang demikian
itu sungguh berat, kecuali bagi orang-orang yang khusyu
(Qs. Al Baqarah : 45).
Ø Sahabat sejati adalah penghibur kita dalam sedih, harapan kita dalam susah, dan
sandaran kita tatkala lemah, dia adalah sumber kebaikan, simpati, kebahagiaan dan
maaf
(Kahlil Gibran).
Ø Cinta kasih yang suci tidak terdiri dari ungkapan perasaan, materi ataupun harta,
melainkan dari motivasi dan perbuatan yang tulus serta ikhlas dari lubuk hati
(Faya).
PERSEMBAHAN
§ Bapak dan Ibu tersayang dengan segala kasih sayang,
keikhlasan, limpahan do a dan pengorbanannya.
§ Kakak dan Adik-adikku
§ My H 4WA_
§ Sahabat dan teman setiaku
§ Teman-teman D3 TE 02
§ Almamaterku
iv
KATA PENGANTAR
Esa, yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang. Karena dengan rahmat dan
LEVEL ZAT CAIR SISTEM DIGITAL”. Adapun penulisan laporan Tugas Akhir
menyampaiakan banyak terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu
dalam segala hal sejak awal dimulainya laporan tugas akhir hingga
Negeri Semarang.
4. Drs. Agus murnomo, M.T, selaku Ketua Program Studi Diploma III
Teknik Elektro.
v
7. Segenap Dosen Jurusan Elektro yang telah menularkan ilmunya pada
8. Orang tua, Kakak, dan Adik-adik serta keluarga besar Penulis yang selalu
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan Tugas Akhir ini masih jauh dari
kesempurnaan, maka dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis menerima saran dan
kritik yang bersifat membangun demi kesempurnaan Tugas Akhir ini. Akhir kata
semoga Tugas Akhir ini bermanfaat bagi Penulis pada khususnya dan Pembaca
pada umumnya.
Penulis
Fatkhul Yaasin
vi
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
HALAMAN JUDUL ....................................................................................... i
ABSTRAK ...................................................................................................... ii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... iii
MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN.................................................................... iv
KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR....................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................... x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................... 1
A. Latar Belakang ......................................................................... 1
B. Permasalahan............................................................................ 2
C. Tujuan ...................................................................................... 3
D. Manfaat .................................................................................... 3
E. Batasan Masalah....................................................................... 3
F. Metode Penyusunan.................................................................. 4
G. Sistematika Laporan ................................................................. 5
vii
a. Perencanaan Alat .......................................................... 17
b. Proses Pembuatan Papan Rangkaian Tercetak ............... 18
c. Proses Pembuatan Jalur................................................. 18
d. Proses Pelarutan Dan Pelapisan..................................... 19
e. Proses Pengeboran ........................................................ 19
f. Pemasangan Komponen ................................................ 20
g. Proses Perakitan ............................................................ 21
h. Hasil Perakitan Komponen............................................ 22
2. Konstruksi .......................................................................... 23
3. Cara Kerja .......................................................................... 24
C. Hasil dan Pembahasan .............................................................. 26
1. Cara Pengukuran dan Hasilnya ........................................... 26
2. Pembahasan ........................................................................ 27
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 1. Ilustrasi sensor pelampung................................................... 7
Gambar 2. Bagan ADC 0804 ................................................................ 8
Gambar 3. Diagram fungsional ADC 0804............................................ 10
Gambar 4. Diagram pena pada ADC 0804 ............................................ 12
Gambar 5. Seven segment display ......................................................... 15
Gambar 6. Rangkaian catu daya ............................................................ 16
Gambar 7. Rangkaian detektor level zat cair sistem digital.................... 17
Gambar 8. Sensor pelampung ............................................................... 18
Gambar 9. Layout PCB......................................................................... 22
Gambar 10. Tata letak komponen............................................................ 22
Gambar 11. Box alat ukur ....................................................................... 24
Gambar 12. Blok detektor permukaan zat cair sistem digital ................... 25
Gambar 13. Grafik hasil pengukuran....................................................... 27
ix
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 1. Daftar komponen yang dipakai.................................................... 23
Tabel 2 . Hasil pengukuran ........................................................................ 26
x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Halaman
Lampiran 1. Data sheet IC ADC0804 ...........................................................31
Lampiran 2. Data sheet IC 74LS48...............................................................44
Lampiran 3. Data sheet IC 4081 ..................................................................49
xi
BAB I
PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang
kerja yang maksimal tanpa ada kerugian yang begitu berarti. Hal ini ditandai
analog dan ada juga yang sudah memakai digital. Pada peralatan yang memakai
analog, penunjukan yang digunakan merupakan persamaan dari nilai satuan yang
diukur, sedangkan pada peralatan yang memakai digital penunjukkan hasil ukur
langsung ditampilkan dalam bentuk angka atau digit. Jika dibandingkan antara
peralatan yang analog dan digital, maka hasil pengukuran digital lebih mudah
diamati.
Sistem digital yang digunakan sebagai alat detektor level zat cair,
1
manusia banyak merancang suatu alat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui
kemudahan bagi manusia dalam memberikan nilai atau harga. Saat ini alat
pengukuran level zat cair dalam bentuk tampilan digital dapat dijumpai
minum. Hanya skala penggunaan masih terbilang kecil, selain itu untuk
mendapatkannya harus mengeluarkan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Hal ini tentu akan
suatu peralatan instrumentasi berupa alat pegukur level zat cair (ketinggian air)
B. Permasalahan
Setelah melihat latar belakang yang berkaitan dengan hal tersebut diatas,
2. Dapatkah detektor level zat cair sistem digital di buat sesuai rancangan?
3. Dapatkah alat ini dapat mengukur dalam bejana yang tempatnya tidak
beraturan?
2
C. Tujuan
a. Membuat alat detektor level zat cair sistem digital dengan sensor
b. Dapat menguji serta mangamati level air dalam bejana yang telah
dirancang.
D. Manfaat
a. Dapat mengetahui level air dengan tampilan digital dari bejana yang
telah dibuat.
b. Alat ini dapat digunakan untuk mengukur level air dalam galon air
minum.
E. Batasan Masalah
Dari topik bahasan Detektor Level Zat Cai Sistem Digital, penulis
2. Alat ini hanya dapat digunakan untuk mengukur jumlah air dalam
bejana terukur, (bejana dengan ukuran antara batas bawah dan batas
3. Alat ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengukur level air dalam sungai,
3
F. Metode Penyusunan
4
Sistematika Laporan Tugas Akhir
HALAMAN JUDUL
ABSTRAK
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN
KATA PENGANTAR
DAFTAR ISI
DAFTAR GAMBAR
DAFTAR TABEL
5
BAB II
ISI
A. Dasar Teoritis
Detektor level zat cair sistem digital ini pada dasarnya terdiri dari tiga
1. Sensor
zat cair ini adalah sensor, yang berfungsi sebagai pengindra atau membaca.
Sensor itu sendiri berfungsi untuk mengubah resistansi atau hambatan yang
6
Gambar 1. Ilustrasi sensor pelampung.
tegangan analog pada masukan menjadi data dengan bit paralel pada keluaran.
approximation.
7
dibandingkan dengan arus tegangan masukan cuplikan. Jika l akan berubah
comparator 8 bit
succsessive approximation register digital
(SAR)
Digital Output
analog
level 8-bit digital to analogue converter
dan hal ini yang dikenal dengan sistem berdasarkan mikroprosesor. ADC ini
setiap cuplikan diubah dalam selang waktu yang sama tidak tergantung pada
8
bit digunakan untuk menentukan arus logika setiap bit secara berurutan mulai
dari bit signifikan terbesar jika frekuensi detak 10 KHz, waktu pengubahan 0
rendah terhadap derau dan diperlukan adanya pengubah digital ke analog yang
9
Gambar 3. Diagram fungsional ADC 0804.
10
3. Pengubahan Analog ke Digital ADC 0804
Suatu sinyal keluaran yang berupa tegangan ordo yang sangat kecil
akan sulit dideteksi, agar tegangan analog ini mudah dimengerti maka harus
diperlukan suatu converter dalam hal ini ADC 0804 mampu melakukannya.
a. Metode pencacah
b. Metode dual slope
c. Metode pendekatan berurutan
d. Metode pendekatan paralel
Untuk menentukan ADC yang digunakan dalam sistem akuisisi data
a. Kecepatan konversi
b. Resolusi
c. Rentang masukan analog maksimum
d. Jumlah kanal masukan
Pemilihan ADC pada umumnya ditentukan oleh metode yang
memilih ADC 0804 sebagai converter A/D. ADC 0804 adalah suatu IC
CMOS pengubah analog ke digital delapan bit dengan satu kanal masukan.
11
U2
6 18
7 +IN DB0 17
-IN DB1 16
9 DB2 15
VREF/2 DB3 14
4 DB4 13
19 CLKIN DB5 12
CLKR DB6 11
2 DB7
3 RD 5
1 WR INTR
CS
20
VCC/VREF
Masukan kontrol digital dengan level tegangan logika TTL. Pena CS dan
RD jika tidak aktif maka keluaran digital akan berada pada keadaan
Pena masukan dari rangkaian schmit tringger. Pena ini digunakan sebagai
3. Pena 5 (INTR)
12
Pena interupsi keluaran yang digunakan didalam sistem mikroprosesor.
Pena interupsi untuk masukan tegangan analog. Vin (+) dan Vin (-) adalah
sinyal masukan differensial. Vin (+) digunakan untuk masukan positif jika
6. Pena 9 (Vref/2)
Jalur keluaran data digital 8 bit. Pena 11 merupakan data MSB dan pena
8. Pena 20 (V+)
13
proses pengubahan dan munculnya sandi biner pada keluaran. Pengubahan
bervariasi mulai dari tipe pencacah undak lamban (waktu pengubahan dalam
kontrol.
4. Tampilan
Terdapat dua macam seven segment display, yaitu common anoda dan
common catoda. Pada common anoda dari kesepuluh dua kaki yang tengah
sebagai negatif satu kaki sebagai dot, dan ketujuh kaki yang lain sebagai
Tampilan tujuh segment ini terdiri dari tujuh buah segment yang
14
a
f b
e c
5. Catu Daya
(direct current) yang stabil agar dapat dengan baik. Baterai atau accu adalah
sumber catu daya DC yang paling baik. Namun untuk aplikasi yang
membutuhkan catu daya yang besar, sumber dari baterai tidak cukup. Sumber
catu daya yang besar adalah sumber bolak-balik AC (alternating current) dari
pembangkit tenaga listrik. Untuk itu diperlukan suatu perangkat catu daya
rangkaian. Fungsi dari catu daya sangatlah vital karena sumber tegangan dari
semua rangkaian yaitu catu daya. Catu daya ini hanya menggunakan baterai
15
sebuah IC LM7805 agar arus menjadi presisi. Apabila rangkaian catu daya
kurang stabil maka semua rangkaian tidak akan berfungsi dengan baik.
catu daya yang stabil, sehingga digunakan IC regulator 7805 seperti terlihat
pada gambar 6.
16
B. Proses Pembuatan, Konstruksi dan Cara Kerja
1. Proses Pembuatan
a. Perencanaan alat
tampilan digital.
17
Gambar 8. Sensor pelampung.
membentuk ukuran posisi dan loyout yang bagus, baik dan benar.
18
Kemudian memasang tata letak komponen dan merancang jalur antar
1). Melarutkan PRT yang telah tergambar jalur PRT dengan Ferri
tidak terpakai.
3). membersihkan sisa lapisan cat sablon pada jalur PRT dengan
menggunakan tinner.
e. Proses pengeboran
titik untuk kaki komponen adalah agar lubang yang dibuat sesuai yang
tercetak.
19
f. Pemasangan Komponen
kegagalan operasi.
penghubung.
20
7. Memasang komponen yang memakai soket, misalnya rangkaian
terintegrasi (IC).
g. Proses Perakitan
1). Merakit bagian dalam kotak atau bok yaitu tempat rangkaian
segment.
permanen.
21
h. Hasil perakitan komponen
komponen.
22
Adapun komponen-komponen yang dipakai dalam rangkaian detektor
level zat cair sistem digital, terlihat pada tabel 1 yaitu daftar komoponen.
2. Konstruksi
23
a.
b.
1 2
3 4
Keterangan gambar :
1. Tampilan digital
2. Sakelar ON -OFF
3. Kabel AC 220V
4. Output ke pelampung
3. Cara kerja
Alat pengukur level zat cair ini, pada dasarnya mengukur ketinggian
air yang tertampung pada bejana pengukuran. Dengan teori dasar sensor
ketinggian air, ADC, dan tampilan seven segment. Perencanaan alat ini
berpedoman pada tujuan penelitian yaitu mewujudkan alat pengukur level zat
24
cair dengan tampilan digital, gambar 12 adalah diagram blok detektor level
Catu daya
DC 5 volt untuk mengaktifkan sensor ketinggian zat cair, ADC, dan seven
perubahan tegangan yang masuk ADC. Hasil dari konvrensi tegangan menjadi
Pada prinsipnya cara kerja dari detektor permukaan zat cair analog
hampir sama, dapat diterapkan pada detektor permukaan zat cair sistem
digital. Dari pelampung sebagai sensor yang merupakan tabung udara yang
potensiometer. Sehingga jika tinggi permukaan zat cair berubah, maka tuas
25
juga akan merubah posisi wiper potensiometer, dan memberikan masukkan
analog menjadi keluaran sinyal digital, dan ditampilkan melalui seven segmet.
kurang lebih 600 ml atau 0,6 liter kedalam bejana, sebagai toleransi agar
yang dituangkan atau tidak. Hasil yang didapat dari pengukuran alat detektor
No Jumlah air pada gelas ukur Penunjukkan pada alat yang dibuat
(liter)
1 0,5 0,6
2 1 1,1
3 1,5 1,7
4 2 2,2
5 2,5 2,7
6 3 3,1
7 3,5 3,8
8 4 4,2
26
Dari data tabel diatas maka diperoleh grafik hasil pengukuran alat
detektor level zat cair sistem digital yang ditunjukkan gambar 13.
Hasil Pengukuran
4.5
4
3.5
3 Jumlah air pada gelas
ukur (liter)
Level
2.5
2 Penunjukkan pada
1.5 alat yang dibuat
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Nomor
2. Pembahasan
potensiometer oleh pelampung, jika bejana diisi air sesuai takaran yang
ADC (Analog Digiital to Converter). Oleh ADC 0804 hasil dari konversi
27
dalam bentuk sinyal digital ditampilkan pada seven segment yang sesuai
dengan takaran air yang dituangkan dalam bejana sebagai hasil pengukuran.
agar dapat mengamati pergerakan digit apakah sesuai dengan takaran yang
dituangkan atau tidak. Hasil pengukuran seperti yang diperoleh pada tabel 2,
antara jumlah air yang dituangkan oleh gelas ukur kedalam bejana dengan
hasil yang ditunjukkan pada digital atau alat yang dibuat terdapat perbedaan
beda yang terdapat pada data hasil pengukuran disebabkan oleh potensiometer
yang digunakan kurang linier, serta kurangnya penyesuaian antara alat atau
kenyataan maka antara alat yang di buat dengan penampung air atau sensor
28
BAB III
PENUTUP
A. KESIMPULAN
2. Untuk kalibrasi maka dibutuhkan air sekitar 600 ml atau 0,6 liter.
3. Alat yang dibuat dapat mendeteksi level air dalam bejana terukur serta
B. SARAN
1. Kemampuan alat ini masih terbatas yaitu hanya mencapai 4 liter saja, untuk
mengembangkan alat ini untuk mengukur level air yang lebih besar maka
mikrokontroller.
maka sensor pelampung dapat diganti dengan sistem timbangan atau dengan
29
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Deddy Rusmady. 1989. Mengenal Teknik Digital. Bandung : Penerbit Sinar Baru.
www.alldatasheet.com
www.datasheetcatalog.com
www.elektroindonesia.com
30
CD4071BC • CD4081BC Quad 2-Input OR Buffered B Series Gate • Quad 2-Input AND Buffered B Series Gate
October 1987
Revised April 2002
CD4071BC • CD4081BC
Quad 2-Input OR Buffered B Series Gate •
Quad 2-Input AND Buffered B Series Gate
General Description Features
The CD4071BC and CD4081BC quad gates are monolithic ■ Low power TTL compatibility:
complementary MOS (CMOS) integrated circuits con- Fan out of 2 driving 74L or 1 driving 74LS
structed with N- and P-channel enhancement mode tran-
■ 5V–10V–15V parametric ratings
sistors. They have equal source and sink current
capabilities and conform to standard B series output drive. ■ Symmetrical output characteristics
The devices also have buffered outputs which improve ■ Maximum input leakage 1 µA at 15V over full
transfer characteristics by providing very high gain. temperature range
All inputs protected against static discharge with diodes to
VDD and VSS.
Ordering Code:
Order Number Package Number Package Description
CD4071BCM M14A 14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
CD4071BCN N14A 14-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300" Wide
CD4081BCM M14A 14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
CD4081BCN N14A 14-Lead Plastic Dual-In-Line Package (PDIP), JEDEC MS-001, 0.300" Wide
Devices are also available in Tape and Reel. Specify by appending the suffix letter “X” to the ordering code.
Connection Diagrams
CD4071B CD4081B
CD4071B
1
/4 of device shown
J=A+B
Logical “1” = HIGH
Logical “0” = LOW
*All inputs protected by standard CMOS protection circuit.
CD4081B
1
/4 of device shown
J=A•B
Logical “1” = HIGH
Logical “0” = LOW
All inputs protected by standard CMOS protection circuit.
www.fairchildsemi.com 2
CD4071BC • CD4081BC
Absolute Maximum Ratings(Note 1) Recommended Operating
(Note 2) Conditions
Voltage at Any Pin −0.5V to VDD +0.5V Operating Range (VDD) 3 VDC to 15 VDC
Power Dissipation (PD) Operating Temperature Range (TA)
Dual-In-Line 700 mW CD4071BC, CD4081BC −55°C to +125°C
Small Outline 500 mW Note 1: “Absolute Maximum Ratings” are those values beyond which the
VDD Range −0.5 VDC to +18 VDC safety of the device cannot be guaranteed. Except for “Operating Tempera-
ture Range” they are not meant to imply that the devices should be oper-
Storage Temperature (TS) −65°C to +150°C ated at these limits. The table of “Electrical Characteristics” provides
conditions for actual device operation.
Lead Temperature (TL)
Note 2: All voltages measured with respect to VSS unless otherwise speci-
(Soldering, 10 seconds) 260°C fied.
3 www.fairchildsemi.com
CD4071BC • CD4081BC
AC Electrical Characteristics (Note 5)
CD4081BC TA = 25°C, Input tr; tf = 20 ns, CL = 50 pF, RL = 200 kΩ, Typical temperature coefficient is 0.3%/°C
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ Max Units
tPHL Propagation Delay Time, VDD = 5V 100 250
HIGH-to-LOW Level VDD = 10V 40 100 ns
VDD = 15V 30 70
tPLH Propagation Delay Time, VDD = 5V 120 250
LOW-to-HIGH Level VDD = 10V 50 100 ns
VDD = 15V 35 70
tTHL, tTLH Transition Time VDD = 5V 90 200
VDD = 10V 50 100 ns
VDD = 15V 40 80
CIN Average Input Capacitance Any Input 5 7.5 pF
CPD Power Dissipation Capacity Any Gate 18 pF
Note 5: AC Parameters are guaranteed by DC correlated testing.
www.fairchildsemi.com 4
CD4071BC • CD4081BC
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
5 www.fairchildsemi.com
CD4071BC • CD4081BC
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
14-Lead Small Outline Integrated Circuit (SOIC), JEDEC MS-012, 0.150" Narrow
Package Number M14A
www.fairchildsemi.com 6
CD4071BC • CD4081BC Quad 2-Input OR Buffered B Series Gate • Quad 2-Input AND Buffered B Series Gate
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued)
Fairchild does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and
Fairchild reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
FAIRCHILD’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems 2. A critical component in any component of a life support
which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the device or system whose failure to perform can be rea-
body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure sonably expected to cause the failure of the life support
to perform when properly used in accordance with device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.
instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be rea-
sonably expected to result in a significant injury to the www.fairchildsemi.com
user.
7 www.fairchildsemi.com
Semiconductor
ADC0802, ADC0803
ADC0804
8-Bit, Microprocessor-
August 1997 Compatible, A/D Converters
Features Description
• 80C48 and 80C80/85 Bus Compatible - No Interfacing The ADC0802 family are CMOS 8-Bit, successive-approxi-
Logic Required mation A/D converters which use a modified potentiometric
• Conversion Time < 100µs ladder and are designed to operate with the 8080A control
bus via three-state outputs. These converters appear to the
• Easy Interface to Most Microprocessors processor as memory locations or I/O ports, and hence no
• Will Operate in a “Stand Alone” Mode interfacing logic is required.
• Differential Analog Voltage Inputs The differential analog voltage input has good common-
• Works with Bandgap Voltage References mode-rejection and permits offsetting the analog zero-input-
voltage value. In addition, the voltage reference input can be
• TTL Compatible Inputs and Outputs adjusted to allow encoding any smaller analog voltage span
• On-Chip Clock Generator to the full 8 bits of resolution.
• 0V to 5V Analog Voltage Input Range (Single + 5V Supply)
• No Zero-Adjust Required
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER ERROR EXTERNAL CONDITIONS TEMP. RANGE (oC) PACKAGE PKG. NO
ADC0803LCN ±1/2 LSB VREF/2 Adjusted for Correct Full Scale 0 to 70 20 Ld PDIP E20.3
Reading
ADC0803LCD ±3/4 LSB -40 to 85 20 Ld CERDIP F20.3
12 DB6
WR 3 18 DB0 (LSB) ANY
µPROCESSOR 13 DB5
CLK IN 4 17 DB1 8-BIT RESOLUTION
14 DB4 VIN (+) 6 OVER ANY
INTR 5 16 DB2 DIFF
15 7 DESIRED
DB3 VIN (-) INPUTS
VIN (+) ANALOG INPUT
6 15 DB3 16 DB2 AGND 8 VOLTAGE RANGE
VIN (-) 7 14 DB4 17 DB1 VREF/2 9 VREF/2
8 13 DB5 18 DB0 DGND 10
AGND
VREF/2 9 12 DB6
DGND 10 11 DB7 (MSB)
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge. Users should follow proper IC Handling Procedures. File Number 3094.1
Copyright © Harris Corporation 1997
6-5
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
Functional Diagram
2 READ
RD
DAC Q
LSB
AGND 8 VOUT
CLK A
V+
D
COMP DFF2
6 + - Q
VIN (+) ∑ +
- Q
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
8 X 1/f
DIGITAL OUTPUTS
THREE-STATE CONTROL
“1” = OUTPUT ENABLE
6-6
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
NOTE:
1. θJA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
6-7
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
6-8
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
Timing Waveforms
tr = 20ns
tr
V+ 2.4V
90%
RD 50%
RD DATA 0.8V 10%
OUTPUT
CS t1H
VOH
CL 10K 90%
DATA
OUTPUTS
GND
tr = 20ns
V+ V+ tr
2.4V 90%
50%
10K RD
0.8V 10%
RD DATA
OUTPUT t0H
CS V+
CL
DATA
OUTPUTS
VOI 10%
6-9
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
1.7
400
DELAY (ns)
1.6
300
1.5
200
1.4
1.3 100
4.50 4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50 0 200 400 600 800 1000
V+ SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) LOAD CAPACITANCE (pF)
FIGURE 2. LOGIC INPUT THRESHOLD VOLTAGE vs SUPPLY FIGURE 3. DELAY FROM FALLING EDGE OF RD TO OUTPUT
VOLTAGE DATA VALID vs LOAD CAPACITANCE
3.5 1000
CLK IN THRESHOLD VOLTAGE (V)
R = 10K
3.1
VT(+)
R = 50K
2.7
fCLK (kHz)
-55oC TO 125oC
2.3
1.9
VT(-)
R = 20K
1.5
4.50 100
4.75 5.00 5.25 5.50
10 100 1000
V+ SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) CLOCK CAPACITOR (pF)
FIGURE 4. CLK IN SCHMITT TRIP LEVELS vs SUPPLY VOLTAGE FIGURE 5. fCLK vs CLOCK CAPACITOR
16
7 VIN(+) = VIN(-) = 0V
14 ASSUMES VOS = 2mV
6
FULL SCALE ERROR (LSBs)
FIGURE 6. FULL SCALE ERROR vs fCLK FIGURE 7. EFFECT OF UNADJUSTED OFFSET ERROR
6-10
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
8 1.6
V+ = 5V fCLK = 640kHz
BUFFERS V+ = 5.5V
6 1.4
5 ISOURCE
1.3
VOUT = 2.4V
V+ = 5.0V
4 1.2
Timing Diagrams
CS
WR
tWI
ACTUAL INTERNAL tW(WR)I “BUSY”
STATUS OF THE DATA IS VALID IN
CONVERTER “NOT BUSY” OUTPUT LATCHES
1 TO 8 x 1/fCLK INTERNAL TC
(LAST DATA READ)
INTR INTR
(LAST DATA NOT READ) ASSERTED
tVI 1/ f
2 CLK
INTR RESET
INTR
CS tRI
RD
tACC
t1H , t0H
6-11
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
+1 LSB
ERROR
D 0 * QUANTIZATION ERROR
3 4
-1 LSB
A-1 A A+1 A-1 A A+1
+1 LSB
DIGITAL OUTPUT CODE
5 1
D+1
6
ERROR
3 3 6
D 0 * QUANTIZATION
4 ERROR
1
D-1 2
4
2
-1 LSB
A-1 A A+1 A-1 A A+1
Understanding A/D Error Specs constant negative slope and the abrupt upside steps are always
1 LSB in magnitude, unless the device has missing codes.
A perfect A/D transfer characteristic (staircase wave-form) is
shown in Figure 11A. The horizontal scale is analog input volt- Detailed Description
age and the particular points labeled are in steps of 1 LSB
The functional diagram of the ADC0802 series of A/D
(19.53mV with 2.5V tied to the VREF/2 pin). The digital output
converters operates on the successive approximation princi-
codes which correspond to these inputs are shown as D-1, D,
ple (see Application Notes AN016 and AN020 for a more
and D+1. For the perfect A/D, not only will center-value (A - 1,
detailed description of this principle). Analog switches are
A, A + 1, . . .) analog inputs produce the correct output digital
closed sequentially by successive-approximation logic until
codes, but also each riser (the transitions between adjacent
the analog differential input voltage [VlN(+) - VlN(-)] matches
output codes) will be located ±1/2 LSB away from each center-
a voltage derived from a tapped resistor string across the
value. As shown, the risers are ideal and have no width. Correct
reference voltage. The most significant bit is tested first and
digital output codes will be provided for a range of analog input
after 8 comparisons (64 clock cycles), an 8-bit binary code
voltages which extend ±1/2 LSB from the ideal center-values.
(1111 1111 = full scale) is transferred to an output latch.
Each tread (the range of analog input voltage which provides
the same digital output code) is therefore 1 LSB wide. The normal operation proceeds as follows. On the high-to-low
transition of the WR input, the internal SAR latches and the
The error curve of Figure 11B shows the worst case transfer
shift-register stages are reset, and the INTR output will be set
function for the ADC0802. Here the specification guarantees
high. As long as the CS input and WR input remain low, the
that if we apply an analog input equal to the LSB analog volt-
A/D will remain in a reset state. Conversion will start from 1 to
age center-value, the A/D will produce the correct digital code.
8 clock periods after at least one of these inputs makes a low-
Next to each transfer function is shown the corresponding error to-high transition. After the requisite number of clock pulses to
plot. Notice that the error includes the quantization uncertainty of complete the conversion, the INTR pin will make a high-to-low
the A/D. For example, the error at point 1 of Figure 11A is transition. This can be used to interrupt a processor, or
+1/2 LSB because the digital code appeared 1/2 LSB in advance otherwise signal the availability of a new conversion. A RD
of the center-value of the tread. The error plots always have a operation (with CS low) will clear the INTR line high again.
6-12
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
The device may be operated in the free-running mode by con- to automatically subtract a fixed voltage value from the input
necting INTR to the WR input with CS = 0. To ensure start-up reading (tare correction). This is also useful in 4mA - 20mA cur-
under all possible conditions, an external WR pulse is required rent loop conversion. In addition, common-mode noise can be
during the first power-up cycle. A conversion-in-process can reduced by use of the differential input.
be interrupted by issuing a second start command. The time interval between sampling VIN(+) and VlN(-) is 41/2
Digital Operation clock periods. The maximum error voltage due to this slight
The converter is started by having CS and WR simultaneously time difference between the input voltage samples is given by:
low. This sets the start flip-flop (F/F) and the resulting “1” level 4.5
∆V E ( MAX ) = (V PEAK ) ( 2πf CM ) ------------
resets the 8-bit shift register, resets the Interrupt (INTR) F/F f CLK
and inputs a “1” to the D flip-flop, DFF1, which is at the input where:
end of the 8-bit shift register. Internal clock signals then trans- ∆VE is the error voltage due to sampling delay,
fer this “1” to the Q output of DFF1. The AND gate, G1, com-
VPEAK is the peak value of the common-mode voltage,
bines this “1” output with a clock signal to provide a reset
signal to the start F/F. If the set signal is no longer present fCM is the common-mode frequency.
(either WR or CS is a “1”), the start F/F is reset and the 8-bit For example, with a 60Hz common-mode frequency, fCM ,
shift register then can have the “1” clocked in, which starts the and a 640kHz A/D clock, fCLK , keeping this error to 1/4 LSB
conversion process. If the set signal were to still be present, (~5mV) would allow a common-mode voltage, VPEAK , given
this reset pulse would have no effect (both outputs of the start by:
F/F would be at a “1” level) and the 8-bit shift register would
∆V E ( MAX ) ( f
continue to be held in the reset mode. This allows for asyn- CLK )
chronous or wide CS and WR signals. V PEAK = -------------------------------------------------- ,
( 2πf CM ) ( 4.5 )
After the “1” is clocked through the 8-bit shift register (which
or
completes the SAR operation) it appears as the input to –3 3
( 5 × 10 ) ( 640 × 10 )
DFF2. As soon as this “1” is output from the shift register, the V PEAK = ---------------------------------------------------------- ≅ 1.9V .
( 6.28 ) ( 60 ) ( 4.5 )
AND gate, G2, causes the new digital word to transfer to the
Three-State output latches. When DFF2 is subsequently The allowed range of analog input voltage usually places
clocked, the Q output makes a high-to-low transition which more severe restrictions on input common-mode voltage
causes the INTR F/F to set. An inverting buffer then supplies levels than this.
the INTR output signal.
An analog input voltage with a reduced span and a relatively
When data is to be read, the combination of both CS and RD large zero offset can be easily handled by making use of the
being low will cause the INTR F/F to be reset and the three- differential input (see Reference Voltage Span Adjust).
state output latches will be enabled to provide the 8-bit digital
outputs. Analog Input Current
Digital Control Inputs The internal switching action causes displacement currents to
flow at the analog inputs. The voltage on the on-chip capaci-
The digital control inputs (CS, RD, and WR) meet standard tance to ground is switched through the analog differential
TTL logic voltage levels. These signals are essentially equiva- input voltage, resulting in proportional currents entering the
lent to the standard A/D Start and Output Enable control sig- VIN(+) input and leaving the VIN(-) input. These current tran-
nals, and are active low to allow an easy interface to sients occur at the leading edge of the internal clocks. They
microprocessor control busses. For non-microprocessor rapidly decay and do not inherently cause errors as the on-
based applications, the CS input (pin 1) can be grounded and chip comparator is strobed at the end of the clock perIod.
the standard A/D Start function obtained by an active low
pulse at the WR input (pin 3). The Output Enable function is Input Bypass Capacitors
achieved by an active low pulse at the RD input (pin 2). Bypass capacitors at the inputs will average these charges
Analog Operation and cause a DC current to flow through the output resistances
of the analog signal sources. This charge pumping action is
The analog comparisons are performed by a capacitive
worse for continuous conversions with the VIN(+) input voltage
charge summing circuit. Three capacitors (with precise ratioed
at full scale. For a 640kHz clock frequency with the VIN(+)
values) share a common node with the input to an auto-
input at 5V, this DC current is at a maximum of approximately
zeroed comparator. The input capacitor is switched between
5µA. Therefore, bypass capacitors should not be used at
VlN(+) and VlN(-) , while two ratioed reference capacitors are
the analog inputs or the VREF/2 pin for high resistance
switched between taps on the reference voltage divider string. sources (>1kΩ). If input bypass capacitors are necessary for
The net charge corresponds to the weighted difference noise filtering and high source resistance is desirable to mini-
between the input and the current total value set by the suc- mize capacitor size, the effects of the voltage drop across this
cessive approximation register. A correction is made to offset input resistance, due to the average value of the input current,
the comparison by 1/2 LSB (see Figure 11A). can be compensated by a full scale adjustment while the
Analog Differential Voltage Inputs and Common-Mode given source resistor and input bypass capacitor are both in
Rejection place. This is possible because the average value of the input
This A/D gains considerable applications flexibility from the ana- current is a precise linear function of the differential input
log differential voltage input. The VlN(-) input (pin 7) can be used voltage at a constant conversion rate.
6-13
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
7
VIN(-)
6-14
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
6-15
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
10K
signal leads. Exposed leads to the analog inputs can cause
5V (VREF)
undesired digital noise and hum pickup; therefore, shielded
ADC0802 - ADC0804 leads may be necessary in many applications.
150pF
1 CS V+ 20 A single-point analog ground should be used which is separate
2 RD CLK R 19
+ from the logic ground points. The power supply bypass capaci-
10µF
DB0 18
tor and the self-clockIng capacitor (if used) should both be
3 WR LSB
N.O. returned to digital ground. Any VREF/2 bypass capacitors, ana-
4 CLK IN DB1 17
START
log input filter capacitors, or input signal shielding should be
5 INTR DB2 16 returned to the analog ground point. A test for proper grounding
ANALOG 6 VIN (+) DB3 15 DATA is to measure the zero error of the A/D converter. Zero errors in
INPUTS 7 VIN (-) DB4 14 OUTPUTS excess of 1/4 LSB can usually be traced to improper board
8 AGND DB5 13 layout and wiring (see Zero Error for measurement). Further
information can be found in Application Note AN018.
9 VREF/2 DB6 12
10 DGND DB7 11 MSB
Testing the A/D Converter
There are many degrees of complexity associated with testing
FIGURE 17. FREE-RUNNING CONNECTION
an A/D converter. One of the simplest tests is to apply a
known analog input voltage to the converter and use LEDs to
Driving the Data Bus display the resulting digital output code as shown in Figure 18.
This CMOS A/D, like MOS microprocessors and memories, For ease of testing, the VREF/2 (pin 9) should be supplied
will require a bus driver when the total capacitance of the with 2.560V and a V+ supply voltage of 5.12V should be
data bus gets large. Other circuItry, which is tied to the data used. This provides an LSB value of 20mV.
bus, will add to the total capacitive loading, even in three- If a full scale adjustment is to be made, an analog input volt-
state (high-impedance mode). Back plane busing also age of 5.090V (5.120 - 11/2 LSB) should be applied to the
greatly adds to the stray capacitance of the data bus. VIN(+) pin with the VIN(-) pin grounded. The value of the
There are some alternatives available to the designer to han- VREF/2 input voltage should be adjusted until the digital out-
dle this problem. Basically, the capacitive loading of the data put code is just changing from 1111 1110 to 1111 1111. This
bus slows down the response time, even though DC specifi- value of VREF/2 should then be used for all the tests.
cations are still met. For systems operating with a relatively The digital-output LED display can be decoded by dividing the 8
slow CPU clock frequency, more time is available in which to bits into 2 hex characters, one with the 4 most-significant bits
establish proper logic levels on the bus and therefore higher (MS) and one with the 4 least-significant bits (LS). The output is
capacitive loads can be driven (see Typical Performance then interpreted as a sum of fractions times the full scale voltage:
Curves).
VO UT = --------- + ---------- ( 5.12 )V .
MS LS
At higher CPU clock frequencies time can be extended for 16 256
I/O reads (and/or writes) by inserting wait states (8080) or
using clock-extending circuits (6800). 10kΩ
on the V+ supply. An lCL7663 can be used to regulate such FIGURE 18. BASIC TESTER FOR THE A/D
a supply from an input as low as 5.2V.
Wiring and Hook-Up Precautions For example, for an output LED display of 1011 0110, the
MS character is hex B (decimal 11) and the LS character is
Standard digital wire-wrap sockets are not satisfactory for
hex (and decimal) 6, so:
breadboarding with this A/D converter. Sockets on PC
boards can be used. All logic signal wires and leads should
VO UT = ------ + ---------- ( 5.12 ) = 3.64V .
11 6
be grouped and kept as far away as possible from the analog 16 256
6-16
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
Figures 19 and 20 show more sophisticated test circuits. Interfacing the Z-80 and 8085
The Z-80 and 8085 control buses are slightly different from
8-BIT VANALOG OUTPUT
10-BIT that of the 8080. General RD and WR strobes are provided
A/D UNDER
DAC and separate memory request, MREQ, and I/O request,
TEST
IORQ, signals have to be combined with the generalized
R strobes to provide the appropriate signals. An advantage of
R operating the A/D in I/O space with the Z-80 is that the CPU
ANALOG “B” - will automatically insert one wait state (the RD and WR
INPUTS A1 + “C” strobes are extended one clock period) to allow more time
R for the I/O devices to respond. Logic to map the A/D in I/O
100R space is shown in Figure 22. By using MREQ in place of
R IORQ, a memory-mapped configuration results.
- 100X ANALOG
Additional I/O advantages exist as software DMA routines are
“A” + ERROR VOLTAGE
A2 available and use can be made of the output data transfer
which exists on the upper 8 address lines (A8 to A15) during
I/O input instructions. For example, MUX channel selection for
FIGURE 19. A/D TESTER WITH ANALOG ERROR OUTPUT. THIS
the A/D can be accomplished with this operating mode.
CIRCUIT CAN BE USED TO GENERATE “ERROR
PLOTS” OF FIGURE 11. The 8085 also provides a generalized RD and WR strobe, with
an IO/M line to distinguish I/O and memory requests. The circuit
DIGITAL DIGITAL of Figure 22 can again be used, with IO/M in place of IORQ for
INPUTS VANALOG OUTPUTS a memory-mapped interface, and an extra inverter (or the logic
10-BIT A/D UNDER
equivalent) to provide IO/M for an I/O-mapped connection.
DAC TEST Interfacing 6800 Microprocessor Derivatives (6502, etc.)
The control bus for the 6800 microprocessor derivatives does
FIGURE 20. BASIC “DIGITAL” A/D TESTER not use the RD and WR strobe signals. Instead it employs a
single R/W line and additional timing, if needed, can be derived
Typical Applications from the φ2 clock. All I/O devices are memory-mapped in the
6800 system, and a special signal, VMA, indicates that the cur-
Interfacing 8080/85 or Z-80 Microprocessors
rent address is valid. Figure 23 shows an interface schematic
This converter has been designed to directly interface with where the A/D is memory-mapped in the 6800 system. For sim-
8080/85 or Z-80 Microprocessors. The three-state output plicity, the CS decoding is shown using 1/2 DM8092. Note that
capability of the A/D eliminates the need for a peripheral in many 6800 systems, an already decoded 4/5 line is brought
interface device, although address decoding is still required out to the common bus at pin 21. This can be tied directly to the
to generate the appropriate CS for the converter. The A/D CS pin of the A/D, provided that no other devices are
can be mapped into memory space (using standard mem- addressed at HEX ADDR: 4XXX or 5XXX.
ory-address decoding for CS and the MEMR and MEMW
In Figure 24 the ADC0802 series is interfaced to the MC6800
strobes) or it can be controlled as an I/O device by using the
microprocessor through (the arbitrarily chosen) Port B of the
I/OR and I/OW strobes and decoding the address bits A0 →
MC6820 or MC6821 Peripheral Interface Adapter (PlA). Here
A7 (or address bits A8 → A15, since they will contain the
the CS pin of the A/D is grounded since the PlA is already
same 8-bit address information) to obtain the CS input.
memory-mapped in the MC6800 system and no CS decoding
Using the I/O space provides 256 additional addresses and
is necessary. Also notice that the A/D output data lines are con-
may allow a simpler 8-bit address decoder, but the data can
nected to the microprocessor bus under program control
only be input to the accumulator. To make use of the addi-
through the PlA and therefore the A/D RD pin can be grounded.
tional memory reference instructions, the A/D should be
mapped into memory space. See AN020 for more discus-
sion of memory-mapped vs I/O-mapped interfaces. An Application Notes
example of an A/D in I/O space is shown in Figure 21.
AnswerFAX
The standard control-bus signals of the 8080 (CS, RD and NOTE # DESCRIPTION DOC. #
WR) can be directly wired to the digital control inputs of the
A/D, since the bus timing requirements, to allow both starting AN016 “Selecting A/D Converters” 9016
the converter, and outputting the data onto the data bus, are
AN018 “Do’s and Don’ts of Applying A/D 9018
met. A bus driver should be used for larger microprocessor
Converters”
systems where the data bus leaves the PC board and/or
must drive capacitive loads larger than 100pF. AN020 “A Cookbook Approach to High Speed 9020
It is useful to note that in systems where the A/D converter is Data Acquisition and Microprocessor
Interfacing”
1 of 8 or fewer I/O-mapped devices, no address-decoding
circuitry is necessary. Each of the 8 address bits (A0 to A7) AN030 “The ICL7104 - A Binary Output A/D 9030
can be directly used as CS inputs, one for each I/O device. Converter for Microprocessors”
6-17
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
INT (14)
I/O WR (27) (NOTE)
I/O RD (25) (NOTE)
10K
ADC0802 - ADC0804
+
1 CS V+ 20 10µF
5V
2 RD CLK R 19
3 WR DB0 18 LSB DB0 (13) (NOTE)
4 CLK IN DB1 17 DB1 (16) (NOTE)
5 INTR DB2 16 DB2 (11) (NOTE)
5V
NOTE: Pin numbers for 8228 System Controller: Others are 8080A.
FIGURE 21. ADC0802 TO 8080A CPU INTERFACE
6-18
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
ADC0802 - ADC0804 +
10µF
1 CS V+ 20
ABC
2 RD CLK R 19 5V (8) 1 2 3
3 WR DB0 18 LSB D0 (33) [31]
RD 4 CLK IN DB1 17 D1 (32) [29]
RD
2 ANALOG 5 INTR DB2 16 D2 (31) [K]
INPUTS
6 VIN (+) DB3 15 D3 (30) [H]
7 VIN (-) DB4 14 D4 (29) [32]
IORQ ADC0802-
ADC0804 8 AGND DB5 13 D5 (28) [30]
150pF 9 VREF/2 DB6 12 D6 (27) [L]
MSB
WR 10 DGND DB7 11 D7 (26) [J]
WR 3
1
74C32 A12 (22) [34]
2
A13 (23) [N]
6 3
A14 (24) [M]
1/ DM8092 4
2 A15 (25) [33]
5
VMA (5) [F]
FIGURE 22. MAPPING THE A/D AS AN FIGURE 23. ADC0802 TO MC6800 CPU INTERFACE
I/O DEVICE FOR USE
WITH THE Z-80 CPU
18
CB1
19
CB2
10K
6-19
ADC0802, ADC0803, ADC0804
Die Characteristics
DIE DIMENSIONS: PASSIVATION:
(101 mils x 93 mils) x 525µm x 25µm Type: Nitride over Silox
Nitride Thickness: 8kÅ
METALLIZATION: Silox Thickness: 7kÅ
Type: Al
Thickness: 10kÅ ±1kÅ
WR
VREF/2
RD
DGND
CS
DB7 (MSB)
DB6
V+ OR VREF
V+ OR VREF
DB5
CLK R
6-20
SN54/74LS48
BCD TO 7-SEGMENT
DECODER
The SN54 / 74LS48 is a BCD to 7-Segment Decoder consisting of NAND
gates, input buffers and seven AND-OR-INVERT gates. Seven NAND gates
and one driver are connected in pairs to make BCD data and its complement BCD TO 7-SEGMENT
available to the seven decoding AND-OR-INVERT gates. The remaining DECODER
NAND gate and three input buffers provide lamp test, blanking input/ripple-
blanking input for the LS48. LOW POWER SCHOTTKY
The circuit accepts 4-bit binary-coded-decimal (BCD) and, depending on
the state of the auxiliary inputs, decodes this data to drive other components.
The relative positive logic output levels, as well as conditions required at the
auxiliary inputs, are shown in the truth tables.
The LS48 circuit incorporates automatic leading and / or trailing edge
J SUFFIX
zero-blanking control (RBI and RBO). Lamp Test (LT) may be activated any
CERAMIC
time when the BI / RBO node is HIGH. Both devices contain an overriding CASE 620-09
blanking input (BI) which can be used to control the lamp intensity by varying 16
the frequency and duty cycle of the BI input signal or to inhibit the outputs. 1
• Lamp Intensity Modulation Capability (BI/RBO)
• Internal Pull-Ups Eliminate Need for External Resistors
• Input Clamp Diodes Eliminate High-Speed Termination Effects
N SUFFIX
PLASTIC
CASE 648-08
CONNECTION DIAGRAM DIP (TOP VIEW) 16
VCC f g a b c d e 1
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
D SUFFIX
SOIC
16
1 CASE 751B-03
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ORDERING INFORMATION
B C LT BI / RBO RBI D A GND SN54LSXXJ Ceramic
SN74LSXXN Plastic
LOGIC DIAGRAM SN74LSXXD SOIC
A LOGIC SYMBOL
b 7 1 2 6 3 5
B
INPUT
A B C D LT RBI
C c
D SN54 / 74LS48
OUTPUT BI/
d a b c d e f g RBO
BLANKING INPUT OR
RIPPLE-BLANKING
OUTPUT e 13 12 11 10 9 15 14 4
VCC = PIN 16
GND = PIN 8
f
RIPPLE-BLANKING
INPUT
LAMP-TEST
INPUT g
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
TRUTH TABLE
SN54 / 74LS48
INPUTS OUTPUTS
DECIMAL
OR LT RBI D C B A BI / RBO a b c d e f g NOTE
FUNCTION
0 H H L L L L H H H H H H H L 1
1 H X L L L H H L H H L L L L 1
2 H X L L H L H H H L H H L H NOTES:
3 H X L L H H H H H H H L L H (1) BI/RBO is wired-AND logic serving as blanking input (BI) and/or
4 H X L H L L H L H H L L H H ripple-blanking output (RBO). The blanking out (BI) must be open
or held at a HIGH level when output functions 0 through 15 are
5 H X L H L H H H L H H L H H
desired, and ripple-blanking input (RBI) must be open or at a HIGH
6 H X L H H L H L L H H H H H
level if blanking of a decimal 0 is not desired. X=input may be HIGH
7 H X L H H H H H H H L L L L or LOW.
8 H X H L L L H H H H H H H H (2) When a LOW level is applied to the blanking input (forced condition)
9 H X H L L H H H H H L L H H all segment outputs go to a LOW level, regardless of the state of any
other input condition.
10 H X H L H L H L L L H H L H
(3) When ripple-blanking input (RBI) and inputs A, B, C, and D are at
11 H X H L H H H L L H H L L H LOW level, with the lamp test input at HIGH level, all segment
12 H X H H L L H L H L L L H H outputs go to a HIGH level and the ripple-blanking output (RBO)
13 H X H H L H H H L L H L H H goes to a LOW level (response condition).
(4) When the blanking input/ripple-blanking output (BI/RBO) is open or
14 H X H H H L H L L L H H H H
held at a HIGH level, and a LOW level is applied to lamp-test input,
15 H X H H H H H L L L L L L L all segment outputs go to a LOW level.
BI X X X X X X L L L L L L L L 2
RBI H L L L L L L L L L L L L L 3
LT L X X X X X H H H H H H H H 4
Output
p LOW Voltage
g 54, 74 0.4 V IOL = 1.6 mA VCC = MAX,, VIH = 2.0 V
VOL
BI / RBO 74 0.5 V IOL = 3.2 mA VIL = VIL MAX
Input
p HIGH Current 20 µA VCC = MAX, VIN = 2.7 V
IIH
(Except BI / RBO) 0.1 mA VCC = MAX, VIN = 7.0 V
Input LOW Current
IIL – 0.4 mA VCC = MAX, VIN = 0.4 V
(Except BI / RBO)
IIL Input LOW Current BI / RBO – 1.2 mA VCC = MAX, VIN = 0.4 V
ICC Power Supply Current 25 38 mA VCC = MAX
IOS Short Circuit Current BI / RBO (Note 1) – 0.3 –2.0 mA VCC = MAX
Note 1: Not more than one output should be shorted at a time, nor for more than 1 second.