1.

Reaksi Adisi yang terjadi pada Aldehida dan Keton

Adisi
Melalui turunan ammoniak
a H2N-OH Hidroksiamin
C2H5-CO-C2H5 + H2N-OH → C2H5-C(N-OH)-C2H5 + H2O
3-pentanon hidroksiamin 3-pentanon-oxim air
CHO-C3H7 + H2N-OH → HO-N=CH-C3H7 + H2O
butiraldehid hidroksiamin butanal-oxim air
b H2N-NH2 Hidrazin
C2H5-CO-CH3 + H2N-NH2 → C2H5-C(N-NH2)-CH3 + H2O
2-butanon hidrazin 2-butanon-hidrazon air
C4H9-CHO + H2N-NH2 → C4H9-C=N-NH2 + H2O
valeraldehid hidrazin pentanal-hidrazon air
c H2N-NH-C6H5 Fenilhidrazin
C3H7-CO-C2H5 + H2N-NH-C6H5 → C3H7-C(N-NH-C6H5)-C2H5 + H2O
3-heksanon fenilhidrazin 3-heksanon-fenilhidrazon air
C4H9-CHO + H2N-NH-C6H5 → C4H9-C=N-NH-C6H5 + H2O
pentanal fenilhidrazin pentanal-fenilhidrazin air
d H2N-NH-C6H4(NO2)2 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazin (kuning)
C2H5-CO-CH3 + H2N-NH-C6H4(NO2)2 → C2H5-C(N-NH-C6H4(NO2)2)-CH3 + H2O
2-butanon 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazin 2-butanon-2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazon air
C3H7-CHO + H2N-NH-C6H4(NO2)2 → C3H7-C=N-NH-C6H4(NO2)2 + H2O
butanal 2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazin butanal-2,4-dinitrofenilhidrazon air
e H2N-NH-CO-NH2 semikarbazin
CH3-CO-C4H7 + H2N-NH-CO-NH2 → CH3-C(N-NH-CO-NH2)-C4H7 + H2O
2-heksanon semikarbazin 2-heksanon-semikarbazon air
CHO-C4H7 + H2N-NH-CO-NH2 → H2N-CO-NH-N=CH-C4H7 + H2O
valeraldehid semikarbazin pentanal-semikarbazon air
f H2N-R , H2N-Ar Amina Utama
C2H5-CO-C4H7 + H2N-CH3 → C2H5-C(N-CH3)-C4H7 + H2O
3-heptanon amino-metana 3-heptanon-imina air
CHO-C5H11 + H2N-C2H5 → C2H5-N=CH-C5H11 + H2O
heksanal amino-etana heksanal-imina air
C2H5-CO-C4H7 + H2N-C6H5 → C2H5-C(N-C6H5)-C4H7 + H2O
3-heptanon amino-benzena 3-heptanon-imina air
CHO-C5H11 + H2N-C2H5 → C2H5-N=CH-C5H11 + H2O
heksanal amino-benzena heksanal-imina air

Melalui Organologam
a Reagen Grignard / Organomagnesium
C4H9-CO-CH3 + C2H5-MgCl → C4H9-C(OH)(C2H5)-CH3 + MgOHCl
butil metil keton etil magnesium klorida 3-metil-3-heptanon kloro magnesium
hidroksida
C4H9-CHO + CH3-MgBr → C4H9-C(OH)(CH3)-H + MgOHBr
butiraldehid metil magnesium bromida 2-heksanon bromo magnesium
bromida
b. Organolithium
C3H7-CO-C2H5 + CH3-Li → C3H7-C(OH)(CH3)-C2H5 + LiOH
3-heksanon metil-lithium 3-metil-3-heksanol litium hidroksida
CHO-C4H9 + C2H5-Li → CH(OH)(C2H5)-C4H9 + LiOH
pentanal etil-lithium 3-heptanol litium hidroksida

Melalui Alkohol (menghasilkan hemiasetal)

C3H7-CO-CH3 + 2 C2H5-OH → C3H7-C(OC2H5)2-CH3 + H2O

2-pentanon etanol 2,2-dietoksipentana air
C4H9-CHO + 2 C3H7-OH → C4H9-CH(OC3H7)2 + H2O
pentanal propanol 2,2-dipropoksipentana air

Aristia Alisandi
Teknik Kimia B
03101003094