R11_U.

. -,~ -

Hotel "Jugoslavija" Tel: 011/609-444

•

BRANKA HRNJAK

Representative for Serbia

ONE FOR TWO INTERNATIONAL

802.0-5 (075)

CIP - Karanan(]aW<ja y nys.'"""ll<i" JI:.POIl •• 6HOOHotO ... Cp6Hje. Beorpaa

XPIhAK, BpaHKa

Enqleska gramatika ~ English Grammar !

Branka Hrnjak. - [2. izd.l. - Beograd , B. Hrnjak, 1989 (Beograd, ). - 21 CTp. I 20 Cld

ENGLESKA AZBUKA - ENGLISH 'ALPHABET
Engleska azbuka ima 26 slova i svako slovo ima svoje ime.

A a [ei] J j [djei] S s res]
B b [hi:] K k [kei] T t [ti:]
C c [si.] L I [ell U u [ju.]
D d [di:] M m [em] V v [vi:]
E e [i:] N n [en] W w ['dAblju:]
F f [ef] 0 0 [ou] X x leks]
G g [dji.] P p [pi:] y y [wail
H h [ei~ Q q [kju:] Z z [zed]
I i [ai R r, [a:]

SAMOGLASNICI:
i o: (dugo 0)
i: (dugo i) u
e u: (dugo u)
re: (izmedu a i e) A (kratko a)
a: (dugo a) ~ (nemo e)
o ~: (deugo nemo e)
,
SUGLASNICI: DIFTONZI:
ei
dll
l) 3 ai
e j au
0 tf 01
J d3 i:>
Ud
(e 1

-, .. -,.-._ .. --- .. -- --.--- - -

· I

!' I .... _

.0, ZERO 1, ONE 2, TWO

3, THREE 4, FOUR 5, FIVE

6, SIX

7, SEVEN 8, EIGHT 9, NINE

10, TEN

THE FIRST THE SECOND THE THIRD THE FOURTH THE FIFTH THE SIXTH THE SEVENTH THE EIGHTH THE NINTH THE TENTH

CARDINAL NUMERALS osnovni brojevi

11, ELEVEN

12, TWELVE 13, THIRTEEN 14, FOURTEEN 15, FIFTEEN 16, SIXTEEN

17, SEVENTEEN 18, EIGHTEEN 19, NINETEEN 20, TWENTY

30. THIRTY 40. FORTY 50. FIFfY 60. SIXTY

70. SEVENTY 80. EIGHTY 90. NINETY

100. A HUNDRED 1000. A THOUSAND 1.000.000. A MILLION 2.000.000. TWO MILLION

ORDINAL NUMERALS redni brojevi

-PRVI

-DRUGI

- TREe I

- CETVRTI

- PETI

- SESTI

- SEDMI

-OSMI

- DEVETI

- DESETI

A DATE

A date is expressed in figures by ordinal numerals:

25 APRIL - the twenty-fifth of April But:

April 25th -April the twenty-fifth

THE ELEVENTH THE TWELFTH

THE THIRTEENTH THE FOURTEENTH THE FIFTEENTH THE SIXTEENTH THE SEVENTEENTH THE EIGHTEENTH THE NINETEENTH THE TWENTIETH THE HUNDREDTH THE THOUSANDTH

IN FRACTIONAL NUMBERS

The numerator is a cardinal numeral and the denominator is an ordinal.

1/3 - one third

2/9 - two ninths

but

1/2 - one half

The repeating numerals are:

once, twice, three times, four times.

2

r------sA-K--so-N--sKl---G-E-N-IT-N----/--~--~--N--O-R-MA--N-S-K-I-G-E-N-I-T-IV----~l

Sakonski genitiv oznacava pripadnost i gradi se: apostrofom i dodavanjem slova S na tmenicu:

boy's book - decakova knjiga

Imenici u mnozini obrazuju genitiv kada se na oblik mnozine doda apustrof:

boys' book - knjiga od vise decaka.

Normanski geniriv se gradi predlogom OF i oznacava pripadnost.

Primer:

book of mine - jedna od mojih knjiga.

Normanski gcnitiv se vise odnosi na stvari, a saksonski na ziva bica.

DEFINITE ARTICLE ODREDENICLAN

NEODREDENICLAN INDEFINITE ARTICLE

Odredeni ('Ian je The i odnosi se na odredene pojmove:

The teacher; The hook

Ispred suglasnika se eila THE = C):) THE hook

Ispred samosglasnika se eila THE = C)i Tf/Eend

Odredeni clan sc ne upotrcbljava:

Llspred osobnih irnenica John is mv [nend- 2.Ispred gradivnih imenica:

I like milk and cheese 3.lspred naziva obcda:

Come to slipper tonight! 4.1spred naziva dana u nedelji He will come nett Mondav

5.lspred naziva meseca .

Aly binhdav is in April 6.1spred naziva godisnjih doba I lika spring.

IMENICE - NOUNS

Imenice su reci kojima irnenujerno lica, stvari, zivotinje, pojmove:

Eng/and, John; dog, 101'e.

Vrste Imenlca:

l.Z.AJEDNICKE (COMMON NOUNS) su imcnice koje oznacavaju imena lica, zivotinja:

boy. pupil. dog.

2.0S0BNE (PROPER NOUN) su imenice koje ozn3cavaju irnena bica, mesta:

America, John, Orford,

3.CiRADIVNf: (MATERIAL NOUN) SU lMEN1CE KOlE OZNACAVAJU RAZNE MATERIJE:

gold.

4.MISLENE (ABSTRACT NOUN) oznacavaju neko stanje, osecanje i odnose se na predmete koji se ne mogu dodirnuti:

101 'C. friendship, music.

Ncodreden clan je A. ~ ... i odnosi sc na ueodrcdene pojrnove

Ispred samoglasnika se eila AN = ::>n An apple

Ispred suglasnika se ('ila A = :l a book

Lpotreba:

Llspred zajednicke irnenice u znacenju jedan, neko: gil'C me a hook, please!

2.lspred imena kada se prvi put pomene i 0 njoj se nista hliie ne zna:

/ see a bov in the garden.

3.lspred irnenice koja eini deo predikata [posle glagola TO BE) i obicno oznacava profesiju, zvanje iIi pripadnost VTSti:

John is a bov.

4.Iza izraza THERE IS (ima, nalazi se)

MNOZINA IMENICA

Imenice imaju jedninu (singular) i mnozinu (plural).

Mnozina se dobija dodavanjem slova S na jcdninu,

I PLURAL-SINGULAR + S I

Ako se imcnica zavrsava na ch, s, ss, sh, x mnozina se dobija dodavanjern ES.

Primeri

box-boxes, dress-dresses.

~------~--'-~~-~-'

3

IMENICE KOJE SE ZA VRSAV AjU NA Y

Imenice koje se zavrsavaju na Y, u mnozini Y se menja u I, i dodajemo ES.

1 PLURAL - SINGULAR (in consonat-I y- i + ES)

AIm je ispred Y samoglasnik, Y se ne menja, vee sarno dodamo S.

I PLURAL - SING~~AR (in vowel + Y) I

MNOZINA IMENICA KOJE SE ZA VRSAV AjU NA F

Ako se imenica u izgovoru zavrsava na F, u mnozini F prelazi u V i dodamo ES

I PLURAL - SINGULAR (in F-V) + ES I

Primer:

life-lives, knife-knives

Izuzeci:

HOOF(S) PROOF(S) CHIEF(S) CLIEF(S)

NEPRA VILNA MNOZINA

MAN -MEN WOMAN - WOMEN CHILD - CHILDREN TOOTH - TEETH FOOT-FEET GOOSE - GEESE MOUSE-MICE LOUSE- LICE OX-OXEN

SHEEP - SHEEP FISH - FISH DEER-DEER SWINE - SWINE

IMENICE KQJE NEMAJU MNOZINU

Chemistry, furniture, luggage, advice, million, knowledge, progress, information.

Imenice koje imaju oblik mnoiine, a znacenje u jednini:

news, mathematics, physics, phonetics, statistics.

Imenice koje imaju sarno mnoiinu: scissors, trousers, spectacles, breeches.

UNCOUNTABLE f-.lZ,h~o~ ,-....It;,>

su imcnice koje po prirodi stvari koje po prirodi stvari koje oznacavaju ncmaju mnozinu:

1. PROPER NOUNS (OSOBNE):

London, John.

2. Abstract NOUNS (MISLENE): love, music

3. MASS NOUNS (GRADIVNE): tea, milk, water, wool, wood.

Ove imenice mogu hili upotrebljenc u pluralu sarno ako oznacavaju vrstu, China and India teas.

DEFEKTNI GLAGOLI SPECIALS

MUST·HAve TO CAN·COULD

TO RE ARLE TO MAY·MIGHT NEED SIIALL·SHOULD WILI>·WOULD DARE·DARED OUTIITTO

· MORATI . MOCI

- SMETI

• TRERATI

· USUDIVATI SE

· MORATI

(Naglasava drugi glagol u recenici i jedini ide sa TO) Defektni glagoli nemaju sve oblike i u m lieu jcdnine pre· sent simple tense ncmaju slovo S.

GLAOOLHAVE: IIIADTO·MORAO SAM I SHALL IIA VE TO·MORACU

MUST NOT . NE SMETI

4

:=J.

I I

!

I

I I

I

I

I

i

I I [

GLAGOL TO BE - BW UPITNIOBLIK ODRICNI OBLIK
lAM AM I'? IAMNOT
YOU ARE ARE YOU? YOU ARE NOT
HE IS IS HE? HE IS NOT
SHE IS IS SHE? SHE IS NOT
IT IS IS IT? IT IS NOT
WEARE ARE WE? WE ARE NOT
YOU ARE ARE YOU? YOU ARE NOT
THEY ARE ARE THEY? THEYARtNOT
GLAGOLTOD~ UPITNI OBLIK ODRICNI OBLIK
-RADITI
100 DOl? IDONOT
YOU DO D0YOU? YOU DO NOT
HE DOES DOES HE? HE DOES NOT
SHE DOES DOES SHE? SHE DOES NOT
IT DOES DOES IT? IT DOES NOT
WE DO DO WE? WE DO NOT
YOU DO DO YOU? YOU DO NOT
THEY DO DO THEY? THE DO NOT
GLAGOLMUST UPITNI OBLIK ODRICNI OBLIK
-MORATI
I MUST MUST I? I MUST NOT
YOU MUST MUST YOU? YOU MUST NOT
HE MUST MUST HE? HE MUST NOT
SHE MUST MUST SHE? SHE MUST NOT
IT MUST MUST IT? IT MUST NOT
WE MUST MUSTWE? WE MUST NOT
YOU MUST MUST YOU? YOU MUST NOT
THEY MUST MUST THEY? THEY MUST NOT 5

GLAGOLCAN . MOCI UPITNI OBLIK ODRECNIOBLIK
I CAN CAN I? I CAN NOT
YOU CAN CAN YOU? YOU CANNOT
HE CAN CAN SHE? HE CANNOT
SHE CAN CAN IT? SHE CAN NOT
IT CAN CAN WE? IT CAN NOT
WE CAN CAN YOU? WE CAN NOT
YOU CAN CAN THEY? THEY CANNOT
THEY CAN
GLAGOL TO HAVE II UPITNI OBLIK ODRECNI OBLIK
IMATI
I HAVE HAVE I? I HAVE NOT
YOU HAVE HAVE YOU? YOU HAVE NOT
HE HAS HAS HE? HE HAS NOT
SHE HAS HAS SHE? SHE HAS NOT
IT HAS HAS IT? IT HAS NOT
WE HAVE HAVE WE? WE HAVE NOT
YOU HAVE HAVE YOU? YOU HAVE NOT
THEY HAVE HAVE THEY? THEY HA VENOT
GLAGOL MAY· SMETI UPITNI OBLIK ODRECNIOBLIK
I MAY MAY I? I MAY NOT
YOU MAY MAY YOU? YOU MAY NOT
HE MAY MAY HE? HE MAY NOT
SHE MAY MAY SHE? SHE MAY NOT
IT MAY MAY IT? IT MAY NOT
WE MAY MAY WE? WE MAY NOT
YOU MAY MAY YOU? YOU MAY NOT
THEY MAY MAY THEY? THEY MAY NOT 6

ZAMENICE - PRONOUNS LICNE ZAMENICE
L/PERSONALPRONAUNS
Zamenice su reci koje upotrebljavamo
umesto imenica NOMINATIV AKUZATIV
I ME
Podela: YOU YOU
1. LICNE - PERSONAL HE HIM
2. POVRATNE - REFLEXIVE SHE HER
3. PRISVOJNE - POSSESSIVE IT IT
4. UPITNE - INTERROGATIVE WE US
5. ODNOSNE - RELATIVE YOU YOU
6. POKAZNE - DEMONSTRATIVE THEY THEM
7. NEODREDENE - INDEFINITE
POVRATNE ZAMENICE V". PRISVOJNE ZAMENICE
-REFLEXIVE - POSSESSIVE
Upotrebljavaju se umesto povratne Upotrebljavaju se bez imenice
zamenice SE.
MYSELF MINE
YOURS
YOURESELF HIS
HIMSELF HER
HERSELF ITS
OURSELVES OURS
YOURSELVES YOURS
THEMSELVES THEIRS
UPITNE ZAMENICE ODNOSE ZAMENICE
- INTERROGATIVE -RELATIVE
WHO THAT
WHOSE WHICH
WHOME WHAT
WHICH WHOME
WHOSE WHOSE n,

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I i

I

J

DEOBNE ZAMENICE

POKAZNE ZAMENICE V - DEMONSTRATIVE

EACH

EACH OTHER OTHER EITHER NEITHER

THIS (jednina) - THESE (mnozina) THAT (jednina) - THOSE (mnozina)

Odnosi se na udaljenije predmete,

f l

NEODREDENE ZAMENICE J - INDEFINITE

PRISVOJNI PRIDEVI - POSSESry ~ ANTIT A TIVNI - QUANTITATIVE (

SOMEBODY SOMEONE ANYBODY ANYONE ANYTHING NOTHING EVERYTHING NOBODY EVERBODY OTHERS NOONE NONE

Stoje uz imenice i pokazuju pripadanje

MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR YOUR THEIR

PRIDEVI - ADJECTIVES

Pridevi su reci koje blize odreduju imenicu i stoje isprcd imenice

Podcla:

l.OPISNI-DESCRIPTIVE

(YOUNG, OLD) 2.PRISVOJNE-POSSESSIVE (MY, HER) 3.POKAZNI-DEMONSTRATIVE (THIS)

4. UPITNI- INTERROGATIVE (WHA T, WHICH)

5.KV ANTITATIVNI-QUANTITA TIVE (SOME,ANY)

SOME ANY

NO MUCH MANY LITTLE FEW SEVERAL

'~-~

SOME - upotrebljava se u potvrdnoj>:

recenici,

ANY - upotrebljavamo u upitnim recenicama.

,

J

8

KV ANTITATIVNI PRIDEVI

PODELA PRIDEVA

MANY (mnogo) - upotrebljavamo ispred brojivih ime-

nica u mnozini. .

How many sisters have you got?

MUCH - upotrebljavarno za nebrojive imenice Is there much sugar in this coffee?

A LOT OF - se upotrebljava u pozitivnim recenicama i brojivim i nebrojlvim imenicarna

He has got a lot of boob.

LITILE - upotrebljavamo u nebrojivim imenicama He. has liule money

FEW (malo) - upotrebljavamo ispred brojivih imenica i irna negativno znacenje

He has got few friends here.

NO - se upotrebljava uz brojive i nebrojive imenice uz oblik jednine i mnozine uz glagol u potvrdnom obliku We have 110 money here.

L JEDNOSLOZNI

2. VISESLOZNI

3. PRIDEVI SA NEPRA VILNOM PROMENOM

POREDENJE PRIDEV A - COMPARISON

POREDENJE PRIDEVA SA tL-NEPRAVILNOM PROMENOM

Kod jednosloznih prideva komparativ se dobija dodavanjem nastavka ER na pozitiv,

BIG - BIGGER.

Superlativ se dobija dodavanjem nastavka EST na pozitiv i dodavanjem odredenog clana THE ispred prideva: THE BIGGEST.

Poredenje kod vlseslozenfh prideva:

Komparativ se dobija dodavanjem MORE ispred prideva. POPULAR-MORE POPULAR.

Superlativ se dobija dodavanjem THE MOST. THE MOST POPULAR.

GOOD~ BETTER~ THE BEST
LITTLE~ LESS~ THE LEAST
BAD~ WORSE- THE WORST
MANY -MORE -THE MOST
MUCH
FAR- FARTHER- THE FARTHEST
FURTHER- THE FURTHEST
LATE- LATER- THE LATEST
LATTER- THE LAST
OLD- OLDER- THE OLDEST
ELDER- THE ELDEST POREDENJE PO JEDNAKOSTIJ

PREDLOZI - PREPOSITIONS

Izrazava sc prilogom AS _._AS i pozitivom prideva.

John is as tall as his sister.

Poredenje po nejednakosti izrazava se sa NOTSO ... AS

My room is not so large as our class.

Predlozi su kratke promenjive reci ko]e stoje uz imenicu ili zamenicu i pokazuju odnos izmedu njih i drugih reci u recenici u pogledu mesta i vremcna.

Predlozl za mesto:

In, on, under, of, behind, in front of, to, between, among, into, at (oznacava casove i delove dana), since, during, after, before, by, on.

~

I' I

9

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PRILOZI - ADVERBS

Prilozi su reci kojc stoje uz glagule, prideve iii priloge i blize ih odreduju,

Podela:

1. ZA MESTO (here, there, down)

2. ZA VR~ME (today, yesterday)

3. ZA NACIN (happily, quickly)

POREDENJE PRILOGA /

Komparativ se dobija dodavanjem ER a superlativ dudavanjem EST na prilog u superlativu se nikad ne stavlja THE. Komparativ priloga koji se zavrsavaju na

L Y dobija se dodavanjem MORE, a superlativ se dobija dodavanjem MOST i nikad se ne stavlja odredeni clan THE.

RED RECI U RECENICI -WORD ORDER

SUBJEKAT PREDIKAT OBJEKAT

The teacher explained the lesson

Ako recenicu prosirimo priloskim odredbama za mesto, vreme i nacin ona ce stajati na kraju recenice,

The Teacher explained the lesson - clearly

- in our class

- yesterday

Yesterday moze stajati na pocetku recenice, Prilozi neodredenog vremena stoje ispred glavnog glagola u recenici (often, always, never)

I often go in the cinema.

IMPERATIVE ZAPOVEDNI NACIN

Imperativ je zapovedni nacin koji izrazava naredbu, molbu, zapovest, zabranu.

Drugo licejednine i mnozine imaju isti oblik kao infinitivna osnova.

STAND UP! OPEN THE DOOR!

Odicm oblik obrazuje se tako sto se ispred potvrdnog oblika stavi DON'T.

DON'T STAND UP!

Imperativ za 1. i 3. lice jednice i mnozine gradi se pomocu glagola LET. akuzativa imenice iii zamenice i nepotpunog infinitive glagola koji se menja,

Primer:

Let mc opel! the door!

Odricni oblik se gradi kada se ispred potvrdnog oblika dodaDON'T.

Don 't lct me open the door.

GRAMATICKI POJMOVI

VERB - Glagol

NOUN - Imenica

PRONOUN - Zamenica

ARTICLE - Clan

ADJECTIVE - Pridev

ADVERB - Prilog

CONJUCTION - Veznik

NUMERAL - Broj

PREPOSITION - Predlog

ADDITION - Plus (+)

SUBTRACTION - Minus (-)

DIVISION - DEVlDE - Podeljeno C:) MULTIPLICATION - Multiplid Times (x)

GRAMATICKI POJMOVI

COMMA - Zarez (,) COLON - Dve tacke (:)

SEMI COLON - Tacka zarez (;) FULL STOP - Tacka C.)

DASH - Crta (_)

HYPHEN - Crtica (-)

MARK OF INTERROGATION - Upitnik (?) MARK OD EXCLAMATION - usklicnik (!) BRACKETS - Zagrade ( )

QUOTATION MARK- Navodnici n

10

PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE V

Gradi se:

Od infinitiva glagola, a III lieu jednine na gla-

gol dodajemo slovo S .

Primer:

I like English You like English He likes English She likes English It likes English

We like English You like English They like English

OBICNO SADASNJE VREME

Upotreba:

za radnu koja se desava u sadasnjostij.Jpitni oblik dobijarno pomocu glagola TO DO (u III lieu jednine DOES)

Primer:

Do you like English? Does he like English? Does she like English? Does ttlike English?

Odricni oblik dobijamo pomocu NOT Primer:

I don 'f like English.

He doesn't like English.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TEN~

PRESENT PEIzyECT TENSE V PRESENT PERFECT CONTINJJOUS SADA8NJE SVR8ENO VREMEf' TENSE - TRAJNI OBLIK SADASNJEG PERFECTA

Gradi se:

Od glagola TO BE u presentu i dodavanjem nastavka ING na glagol koji rnenjamo.

Primer:

I am asking now You are asking now He is asking now She is asking now

It is asking now

We are asking now You are asking now They are asking now

Gradi se:

Od glagola TO HAVE, u III lieu jednine HAS i na glagol koji rnenjamo dodajemo nastavakED, kod nepravilnih glagola III kolona.

Upotreba:

1. Za radnju koja se zavrsila u vremenskom peiodu koji jos traje

2. Za radnju koja se upravo zavrsila sa odredbom JUST

Primer:

We have just finished work.

Upitni oblik dobijamo inverzijom, a odricni pornocu NOT.

SADASNJE TRAJNO VREME

Upotreba:

L Za dve uporedne radnje u sadasnjosti.

2. Za radnju koja se desava u momentu kad 0 njoj govorirno.

Upitni oblik dobija se inverzijom.

Primer:

Are you asking now?

Odrieni oblik dobijamo pomocu NOT

Primer:

He isn '( asking now!

Gradi se:

ad glagola TO HA VE, glagola TO BE u III koloni i dodajemo ING na glagol koji menjamo.

Upotreba:

1.Za radnju koja je pocela u proslosti i neprekidno traje do sadasnjeg vremena iii se upravo zavrsava.

Primer:

How long have you been working there?

Prevodi se sadasnjim, a ponekad i proslim vremenom,

Upitni oblik dobijamo inverzijom, a odricni pomocuNOT.

11

1/

P';_ST SIMPLE TENSE /I V OBICNO PROSLO VREME

PASTvCONTINUOUS TENSE / PROSLO TRAJNO VREME

Gradi se:

Dodavanjern nasavka ED na glagol, kod nepravilnih glagola II kolona

Upotreba:

Za radnju koja se zavrsila u proslosti, I played tennis yesterday.

Upitni oblik dobijamo pomocu glagola DID Did you pia tennis yesterday?

Odricni oblik dobijamo pomocu NOT 1 didn't play tennis yesterday.

I

Gradi se:

Od glagola TO BE u past tense (was, were) i dodajerno nastavak ING na glagol koji rnenjamo.

Upotreba:

1. Za radnju koja je trajala od pocetka do kraja vremenskog perioda u proslosti

I was learning all las! day long.

2, Za dve uporedne radnje u proslosrti

I was swimming while you were singing

Upitni oblik dobijarno inverzijorn, a odricni

pomocu NOT. !

.

PAST PERFECT TENSE If V PROSLO SVRSENO VREME

BLISKO BUDUCE VREME

Gradi se:

Od glagola HAD i na glagol koji menjamo dodajerno nastavak ED, kod nepravilnih glagola III kolona.

Upotreba: ;

Za radnju koje se zavrsila pre neke druge

radnje u proslosti. '

I had finished my work before he came.

Upitni oblik dobijamo inverzijom, a odricnim pomocu NOT

Gradi se:

od glagola TO BE u presentu, a na glagol GO dodajemo nastavak ING.

Upotreba:

Za radnu koja ce se odigrati u bliskoj buducnosti

I am going to say. RECl CU

Upitni oblik dobijamo inverzijom, a odricni pomocu NOT.

FUTURE SIMP{.E TENSE -\ ,0 OBICNO BUDUCE VREME Y

Gradi se:

od SHALL i Jt'lLL plus infinitiv glagola koji menjamo.

Upotreba:

Za radnju koja ce se odigrati u buducnosti,

Primer:

I shall go in London next year.

Upitni oblik dobijarno inverzijorn, a odricni obli pomocu NOT.

FUTURE;CONTINUOUS TENSE BUDUCE TRAJNO VREME

Gradi se:

Od SHALL (prvo lice jednine i mnozine i WILL 12 ostala lica), glagola TO BE i na glagol koji cemo upotrebiti dodajerno nastavak ING.

Upotreba:

Za dve uporedne radnje u buducnosti Upitni oblik dobijamo inverzijom, a odricni pornocuNOT.

I shall be speaking while you will be reading.

I shall be not speaking while you will be not reading.

·12

COSA TVE HAVE

PASIV - PASSIVE VOICE A;-

Gradi se:

TO HAVE + OBJEKAT + PAST PARTICIPLE

I made a ncw coat - sarna sam ga sasila

I had a ncw coat made - neko drugi jc sasio

PARTICIPI - PARTICIPLES

Participi su glagolski pridevi i upotrebljavaju se i kao glagoli i kao pridevi.

Podela:

1. SADASNJI (koji se zavrsava na ING)

2. PR OSLI (koji se zavrsava na ED iii D) Upotreba:

1. Za gradenje slofenih vremena, sadasnji za trajne oblike a prosli za oblike u perfektu i pasivu,

2. U funkciji prideva: interesting. pleased.

Pasiv se gradi:

Od glagola TO BE (u vremenu koje nam je potrebno), i na glagol koji .ce~o upotre?~ti dodajemo ED, kod nepravilnih glagola III kolona. Objekat iz aktivne recenice u pasivu postaje subjekat.

Primer:

I paint a picture.

A picture is painted by me. I painted a picture.

A picture was painted by me. I'll paint a picture.

A picture will be painted by me.

INDIREKTAN GOVOR

• INDIRECT SPEECH .,.

Iz direktnog u indirektan govor dve recenice se povezuju pomocu predloga THA T,

~I am tired. He says that he is tired.

Aka je glagol u glavnoj recenici u sadasnjem vremenu, glagol u sporedno] recenici ostaje u onom vremenu u kome je citiran u recent-

ci.

Lily says "I mer her",

Lily says that she met her

Aka upitna recenica pocinje glagolom dye recenice se povezuju svezom IF iIi WHETHER, a red rect od upitnog postaje potvrdan.

He asks: "Is Lily is at home?"

He asks IF (WHETHER) Lily is at home.

CONDITIONAL - KONDICIONAL ~2 I g

Gradi se:

SHOULD i WOULD - infininv (bez to) SADASNJI KONDICIONAL should i would - infinitiv prezenta

I should have taken IF CLAUSES

IF + PAST SIMPLE - If I went

IF + PAST CONTINUOUS - If I was going

SLAGANJE VREMENA

- SEQUENCE OF TENSES ::(-

Kod slaganja vremena glavni glagol uvek prelazi u jedno vreme u nazad

Primer:

. He said: "I speak English" He said that he spoke english

He said: "I have been in England" He said that he had been in England

Present simple se pomera u Past simple Present perfect u past perfect

Future simple u Future in the past

GERUND

Gerund je glagolski oblik koji ima osohine imenicc i glagola (Drinking)

Glagolske osobine su:

1. lza njega rnoze stajati objekat

2. Iza njega moze stajati prilog Imenicke osobine gerunda su:

1. Isprcd njega moze stajati prilog

2. Ispred njcga moze slajal~ atri~~t

3. Ispred njega maze stajan gemuv Upotreba:

1. Iza glagola koji znace pocetak, zavrsetak, nastavak radnje

2, Iza glagola koji oznacavaju osecaj 3, Iza fraza, izraza, predloga

13

o oz z-+

+u.l

~ffi ~~

/
LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS· NEPRAVILNI GLAGOLI Tj;j7
I KOLONA II KOLONA III KOLONA ZNACENJE
INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE P.P.PERFECT I
TENSE
BE WAS WERE BEEN BITI
BEAT BEAT BEATEN TUCI
BECOME BECAME BECOME POSTATJ
BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN I POCETI
BITE BIT BITTEN UJESTI
BLOW BLEW BLOWN DUVATI
BREAK BROKE BROKEN SLOMITI
BRING BROUGHT BROUGHT DONETI
BUILD BUILT BUILT GRADITI
BURN BURNT BURNT GORETI
BUY BOUGHT BOUGHT KUPITI
CATCH CAUGHT CAUGHT UHVATITI
CHOOSE CHOSE CHOSEN IZABRATI
COME CAME COME DOCI
COST COST COST KOSTATI
CREEP CREPT CREPT PUZATI
CUT CUT CUT SECI
DIG DUG DUG KOPATI
DO DID DONE RADITI
DRAW DREW DRAWN CRTATI
DRINK DRANK DRUNK PITI
DRIVE DROVE DRIVEN VOZITI
EAT ATE EATEN JESTI
FALL FELL FALLEN PASTI
- FEEL FELT FELT OSECATl
FIGHT FOUGHT FOUGHT BORITI SE
FIND FOUND FOUND NACI
FLY FLEW FLOW LETETI
FORGET FORGOT FORGOTIEN ZABORAVITl
FORGIVE FORGAVE FORGIVEN OPROSTITI
FREEZE FROZE FROZEN MRZNUTISE
GET GOT GOT DOBITI
= GIVE GAVE GIVEN DATI
GO WENT GONE It I
GROW GREW GROWN RASTI
HAVE HAD HAD I MATI
HEAR HEARD HEARD tUT!
HIDE HID HIDDEN SKRIVATISE
HIT HIT HIT UDARITI
HOLD HELD HELD DRZATI
HURT HURT HURT POVREDITI
KEEP KEPT KEPT CUVATI
KNEEL KNELT KNELT KLECATI
-KNOW KNEW KNOWN ZNATI
LEAD LED LED VODITI
LEARN LEARNT LEARNT UCITI
LEAVE LEFT LEFT NAPUSTITI
LEND LENT LENT POZAJMITI 15

LIST OF IRREGULAR VERBS - NEPRA VILNI GLAGOLI
.- r
I KOLONA II KOLONA It III KOLONA ,II ~ ZNACENJE
INFINITIVE PAST SIMPLE '/ P.P.PERFECT
TENSE c 101 p.s 1.-<./ ~ PIlo?j TO fMo_ir..O .!iA'1Sc'A/?'
LET LET LET V/1.()€t'-f('" DOPUSTITI
LIE LAY LAIN LEeI
LOSE LOST LOST IZGUBITI
MAKE MADE MADE PRAVITI
MEAN MEANT MEANT ZNAClTI
MEET MET MET SRESTI
PUT PUT PUT STAVITI
READ READ READ CITATI
RIDE RODE RIDDEN JAHATI
-RING RANG RUNG ZVONITI
RISE ROSE RISEN USTATI
RUN RAN RUN TRCATI
~SAY SAID SAID REel
~SEE . SAW SEEN VIDETI
SELL SOLD SOLD PRODATI
SEND SENT SENT POSLATl
SHINE SHONE SHONE SIJATI
SHOOT SHOT SHOT PUCATI
SHOW SHOWED SHOWN POKAZIVATJ
SHUT SHUT SHUT ZATVORITI
SING SANG SUNG PEVATI
SIT SAT SAT SESTI
SLEEP SLEPT SLEPT SPAVATI
SMEL SMELT SMELT MIRISATI
SPEAK SPOKE SPOKEN GOVORITI
SPELL SPELT SPELT SPELOVATI
SPEND SPENT SPENT POTROSITI
STAND STOOD STOOD· STAJATI
STEAL STOLE STOLEN KRASTI
SWIM SWAM SWUM PLIVATI
TAKE TOOK TAKEN UZETI
TEACH TAUGHT TAUGHT UCITI
TEAR TORE TORN ISCEPATI
TELL TOLD TOLD REel
-THING THOUGHT THOUGHT MISLITI
UNDERSTAND UNDERSTOOD UNDERSTOOD RAZUMETI
W~ WOKE WOKEN PROBUDITI
WEAR WORE WORN NOSITI
WIN WON WON POBEDITI
WRITE WROTE WRITTEN PISATI 16

'"

I

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LET'S LEARN ENGLISH GRAMMAR

HAJDE DA UCIMO ENGLESKU GRAMATIKU

by BRANKA HRNJAK

Autor

Izdnvac Likovno grafiCial oprema

Branka HRNJAK

Stampa

N

~

Recenzeni Dragan PETROVIC

Tirat

500 primeraka

Misljeniem Republickog komiteta za kulturu broj 413-1488/89--06 od 25.07.1989. godine oslobodeno poreza na promet proizvoda

© copyright by Branka HRNJAK