TELECOMMUNICATION

SYSTEM
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Telecommunication includes :

i) Main telephones
ii) Internal communication telephones
iii) Paging and alarm system
iv) Radio
v) Other specialist equipment
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Telekom Malaysia (TM) is the company which provide the
telephone service in Malaysia. A cabled infrastructure for the
telephone service has been installed by TM which consist of :

i) Telephone lines
ii) Exchanger
iii) Distribution frames and telephone cabinets
iv) Distribution points

The subscriber also requires a telephone wiring infrastructure

within his building. If the building has many telephone users,
then he may have a premise telephone system.
Meaning of a telephone number
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
TM TELEPHONE SYSTEM
Services serve into building categories :

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3

Type of building > 5 storey 5 storey & below Residential,

Bungalow &
Terrace house
Size of incoming Cable with more Cable with less Few lines
cable than 50 lines than 50 lines
Floor area Less than 7000 Less than 7000 No limit
sq ft sq ft
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Category 1 Buildings (> 5 storey)

 For this category (large buildings), at the point just

before the buried telephone cable enters the building, a
jointing chamber will be built.

 This jointing chamber can either be a manhole (for a

cable with more than 400 lines) or joint box (for cable
with less than 400 lines) and is used to help in the
linking of the cable from the building to the TM
underground cable.
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Category 2 Buildings (5 and < 5 storeys)

 For terrace shop-houses that fall under this category, the
cables are run underground from the main underground
TM cable at the manhole or joint box to a jointing pit just
outside the building.
 From the jointing pit, the cables are run to a second
jointing pit just inside the building.
 From the second jointing pit, the cable emerges to run to
distribution point (DP) box at one end of the building.
 The cable is then laid through the length of the outside
wall of the building.
 Junction boxes are installed when a line is to run into a
premise (ie: grid, branching or perimeter layout).
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Category 3 buildings
( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)
 Category 3 buildings (domestic houses) received
their telephones either through overhead lines or
underground lines.
 Underground cabling is not visible and hence do
not clutter up the area view or suffer from the
possibility of being brought down and snapping
by roadside tree branches.
Category 3 buildings
( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)

Underground cables
 The main telephone cables are laid in conduits
with surface joint boxes.
 In minor roads, the cables are usually buried
directly in the ground under the footpath or under
the road.
 The necessary cross-connection between
underground cables are provided at cabinets
above ground.
 The cable for the house is brought inside, as close
as possible to the position of the telephone at
ground-floor level
 Category 3 buildings
( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)

 Underground cables

 To enable future maintenance and upgrading

by TM, the service trench is fitted with
manholes at the certain length of the cable
length.
 Most big and medium size building receive
their telephone cables from under the ground
(ie: category 1 and 2).
Category 3 buildings
( Residential, Bungalow & Terrace house)
Overhead cable
External distribution for dwellings by overhead cable has
the following advantages over underground distribution:

1. An overhead cable is smaller and cheaper than an

underground cable.
2. Overhead distribution involves a cable along one side of
the road only to both side of the road.
3. It is more convenient to provide additional lines to
existing premises.
4. However, underground cables are out of sight and do not
spoil the outlook.
In Malaysia it is mostly used for domestic houses and
shophouses
 PREMISES DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM

Def: telephone system within a building, ie:

bldg. telephone wiring system. A large
building (category I & 2) premises
distribution sys may consist of:

1. Main telephone equipment

2. Riser system
3. Floor or zone telephone equipment system
4. Internal telephone/switching system
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
1.) Main telephone equipment
 The main entry cable from the street leads to a distribution frame (at
basement level)
 Interconnects with the controlling switchboards
 Telephone equipment room consists :
- Main distribution frame/unit (MDF)
- premise telephone exchange system equipment(eg: PABX or KTS)
- backup battery system
- distribution cables
- technician work room & storage room
- automatic fire extinguisher system

Category 1 bldg are required to have Telephone equipment room (large

terminals and lines).
Category 2 are not required to have the tel. eqp room because
sometimes they do not have MDF.
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
1.) Main telephone equipment
MDF – a frame which is used for distributing the telephone cable into
several lines for multi subscriber with one or more lines in a single
building.
PABX – After the MDF the lines are connected to the premises. In
each premises the lines are connected to the PABX (private auto.
branching exchange) or KTS (key tel sys).
Backup battery – By having PABX or KTS the backup battery sys has
to be fitted in case of electricity blackout.
Distribution cables – Dist. Cables are take from MDF or PABX at the
lowest floor to other parts or levels of bldg. It is placed into a riser
duct.
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

2.) Riser system

vertical passage (enclosed by concrete or brick walls) that carry
the telephone cables to various floors. The cable fitted to a
cable tray in the riser

riser closet – built-in cupboard type of riser which has fireproof

door, contain IDF (>50 lines) or distribution box (< lines)
which then the cables split into smaller cables

should have extra space for future extension

 TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
3.) Floor or zone telephone equipment system
horizontal ducts that laid cables in the floor form distribution
box to either secondary boxes / junction boxes / terminal
points or PABX or KTS.

Junction boxes contain telephone outlet (telephone socket or

jack; the plug of the telephone set)

Eg: Hotel, caters many rooms, thus it use the branching layout.

Telephone outlets are found at junction points which the plug of

telephone set can be inserted.
 TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

The duct layout depends on the use of building,

3 types of layout

1. Grid layout
2. Branching layout
3. Perimeter layout
Grid layout

•Suitable for open

plan office floors.
•Junction boxes are
located in the floor
where telephone
outlets can be found.
•Typical grid spacing
is 3.6m x 3.6m.
•Most flexible layout
arrangement.
•e.g. shopping
complex
Branching
layout

•Suitable for
open plan offices
with permanent
rooms.
•Central feeder
duct with
junction boxes
laid on the floor
at the corridor.
•e.g. hotels or
apartments
Perimeter
layout
•Suitable for
partitioned office
with rooms
along the walls.

•A feeder duct
located approx.
450mm from the
outside wall and
has short branch
ducts to junction
boxes.
 TELECOMMUNICATION
SYSTEM
4.) Internal telephone/switching system
 To cater all communication requirements
 Similar provisions are needed
 Types of exchange : PABX, KTS
 PABX (Private Automatic Branch Exchange) depend on
premises size and weather it has single or multiple occupancy
 Design must be considered all the apparatus such as; the
switchboard, batteries and other apparatus involved.
 CASE STUDY (CONT’D)
MDF
Main Cable

PABX
RISER SYSTEM
TELEPHONE
 CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Main Distribution Frame

(MDF)
 CASE STUDY (CONT’D)
Private Automatic Branch Exchange (PABX)
CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Riser system
 CASE STUDY (CONT’D)

Backup Battery
Key Telephone
END