DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP

What is the meaning of leadership? Historically, the term "leadership" emerged in the 18th.
There is some sense of leadership, among others:

1. Leadership is interpersonal influence, in certain situations and directly through the

communication process to achieve one or more specific purposes (Tannebaum, Weschler and
Nassarik, 1961, 24).

2. Leadership is a personal attitude, which led the implementation of activities to achieve desired
goals. (Shared Goal, Hemhiel & Coons, 1957, 7).

3. Leadership is a process that affects the activity of groups organized to achieve common goals
(Rauch & Behling, 1984, 46).

4. Leadership is the ability of art or a technique to create a group or person to follow and obey all
her wishes.

5. Leadership is a process that gives meaning (meaningful leadership) is produced with the
cooperation and willingness to take the lead in achieving its goals (Jacobs & Jacques, 1990, 281).

Many definitions of leadership which describes the assumption that leadership is connected with
the influence of both individuals and society. In this case, deliberately influence from one person
to another in an array of activities and relationships within the group or organization. John C.
Maxwell said that the essence of leadership is to influence or gain followers.

UNDERSTANDING THE LEADER

The leader is the essence of management. This means that management objectives will be
achieved if there is a leader. Leadership can only be exercised by a leader. A leader is someone
who has leadership skills, have the ability to influence the stance / opinion of the person or group
of people without asking the reasons. A leader is someone who actively make plans, coordinate,
conduct experiments and lead the work to achieve goals together (Panji Anogara, Page 23).

DUTIES AND ROLE OF LEADER

According to James AF Stonen, the main tasks of a leader are:

1. Leaders work with other people

A leader is responsible for working with others, one with his superiors, staff, coworkers or other
superiors in the organization as well as people outside the organization.
2. Leaders are responsible and accountable (accountability).

A leader is responsible for preparing the task of duty, conduct evaluations, to achieve the best
outcome. Leaders are responsible for the success of its staff without failure.

3. Leaders balance the achievement of goals and priorities

The process of limited sources of leadership, so leaders must be able to formulate the task by
giving priority to priority. In efforts to achieve the goals the leader must be able to delegate tasks
to staff. Then the leader must be able to manage time effectively, and solve problems effectively.

4. Leaders need to think analytically and conceptually

A leader must be an analytical and conceptual thinker. Furthermore, to identify the problem
accurately. Leaders must be able to decipher the entire job becomes more clear and its relation to
other jobs.

5. The manager is a mediator

Conflicts always happen to every team and organization. Therefore, leaders must be able to
become a mediator (mediator).

6. Leaders are the politicians and diplomats

A leader must be able to invite and make compromises. As a diplomat, a leader must be able to
represent the team or organization.

7. Leaders make hard decisions

A leader must be able to solve the problem.

According to Henry Mintzberg, The Role of Leaders is:

1. The role of interpersonal relations, in this case functions as an exemplary leader, team builder,
coach, director, mentor consultation.

2. The function of the informal role as monitor, disseminator of information and spokesperson.
3. The role of decision makers, to function as entrepreneur, disturbance handling, resource
allocation, and negotiator

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF LEADERSHIP

The principles, as a paradigm consists of several main ideas based on personal motivation and
attitude and have a strong influence to build him or the organization. According to Stephen R.
Covey (1997), the principle is part of a condition, the realization and consequences. Perhaps the
principle of creating a trust and run as a compass / directions that cannot be changed. The
principle is a central or main source of life-support system that is displayed in 4 dimensions such
as safety, guidance, attitude wise, and strength. Characteristics of a leader based on the principles
(Stephen R. Coney) as follows:

1. A lifelong learners
Not only through formal education, but also outside of school. For example, learning
through reading, writing, observation, and listening. Having experience both the good
and bad as a learning resource.
2. Service-oriented
A leader is not served but to serve, because the principle leader of the principle of serving
on a career as a primary goal. In providing service, the leader should be more principled
in good service.
3. Bringing positive energy
Every person has the energy and spirit. Using the positive energy that is based on
sincerity and desire to support the success of others. That requires a positive energy to
build rapport. A leader must be able and willing to work for long periods of time and
condition was not specified. Therefore, a leader must be able to show a positive energy,
such as;
a. Trust in others A leader trust others including staff of subordinates, so they have
the motivation and retain good jobs. Therefore, trust must be followed with care.
b. Balance in life A leader must be able to balance his duty. Oriented to the
principles of humanity and self balance between work and exercise, rest and
recreation. The balance also means balance between life world and the hereafter.
c. Seeing life as a challenge the word 'challenge' is often interpreted negatively. In
this case the challenge is the ability to enjoy life and all its consequences. Because
life is a challenge that is needed, have a sense of security that comes from within
oneself. Sense of security depends on the initiative, skill, creativity, willpower,
courage, dynamic and freedom.
d. Synergy Principled people always live in synergy and a catalyst for change.
They've always overcome their own weaknesses and others. Synergy is a group
work and brings benefits for both parties. According to The New Broiler
Webster's International Dictionary, Synergy is one working group, which gives
the results more effective than working individually. A leader must be able
synergic with each person bosses, staff, and fellow worker.
e. Exercises to develop self- A leader must be able to renew themselves to achieve
high success. So he not only process-oriented. The process of developing self in
consists of several components that relate to:
 i. understanding the material,
ii. expand the material through learning and experience,
iii. to teach the material to others,
iv. apply the principles,
v. monitoring results
vi. reflects the results;
vii. adding new knowledge needed materials,
viii. a new understanding, and
ix. back to being myself again. Achieving principled leadership is not easy,
because several constraints in the form of bad habits, such as:
1. the willingness and desire unilateral,
2. pride and rejection, and
3. Personal ambition. To overcome this, requires training and
experience constantly. Training and experience are very important
to get a new perspective that can be used as a basis for decision
making.

Natural law cannot be avoided in the process of personal development. One's intellectual
development is often faster than the development of emotion. Therefore, it is advisable to
achieve a balance between them, so it will be the controlling factor in intellectual abilities.
Training starts from learning emotional hearing. Listening means that patient, open, and willing
to understand others. This exercise cannot be enforced. A step to train hearing is asked, give
reasons, give awards, threatening and pushing. In the training process, the person requires self
control, followed by fulfilling the wishes of people. Develop personal power would be more
beneficial than relying on power from outside. The power and the authority aim to legitimize the
leadership and ought not to create fear. The increase in knowledge, skills and attitudes needed to
create a leader who principle because a leader should not only intellectually smart, but also
emotional (IQ, EQ and SQ).