BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

BIOGAS POWER

PLANT.

CONTENTS:-

03' BLOCK DIAGRAM&IT'S COMPONANTS.
03' WORKING STAGES OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT.
03' MANUFACTORINGPROCESS OFBIOGAS.
03' VARIOUS TYPES OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT.
03' VARIOUS FACTORTO BIOGAS POWER PLANT.
03' ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES.
03' STATUS OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT IN WORLD.
03' CONCLUSION.
03' REFERANCE. BIOGAS POWER PLANT ENERGY SYSTEMS SANKDASARIY A SHAILESH B. ENRL NO-090760 111025 SSASIT (E.C. DEPARTMENT)

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

~AIM:-TO STUDY ABOUT BIOGAS CYCLE POWER PLANT.

A biogas power plant is a system where biogas is used to generate electricity. The gas which is produced via anaerobic digestion is used to drive an electricity generator. Byproducts of this process are steam and hot water. The hot water can be recycled in a combined heat and power cycle to increase the temperature of the digesters to optimal conditions.

~BLOCK DIAGRAM:-

Digester

Beam dome

Digested biomass discharge

Digester heating with hot water

Automatic control unit

Ii

Waste gas LJ

Condensate

Co-generation unit

Homogenization and collection tank for liquid biomass

extractor

Heat for technological purposes and heating

Electricity

~The schematic arrangement of a biogas power plant is shown in figure.The main two block of plants are given below:-

(i)DIGESTER (ii)CO-GENERATION UNIT

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~COMPONENTS OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT :-

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(I)INLET PIPE:

~The slurry is moved into the digester through the inlet pipe/tank.

(II)MIXING TANK:

~The feed material like dung is gathered in the mixing tank. Using sufficient water, the material is thoroughly mixed till a homogeneous slurry is formed.

(III)DIGESTER:

~Inside the digester, the slurry is fermented. Biogas is produced through bacterial action.

(IV)GAS HOLDER OR GAS STORAGE DOME:

~The biogas thus formed gets collected in the gas holder. It holds the gas till the time it is transported for consumption.

(V)OUTLET PIPE:

~The slurry is discharged into the outlet tank. This is done through the outlet pipe or the opening in the digester.

(VI) GAS PIPELINE:

~The gas pipeline carries the gas to the utilization point like a stove or lamp.

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~WORKING STAGES OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT:-

~ ......... ~Coolfng T~

~FIRST STAGE:-it consists into making the waste dissolvable by the enzymes secreted from micro organisms.Then, the acid forming bacteria takes action and transforms these substances into small-structured substances like acetic acid.After that the methane forming bacteria converts these substances into biogas.

~HYDROLYSIS STAGE:-Long chained complex carbohydrates proteins oils and lipids are transmuted into short chained forms. The first step known as hydrolysis is completed after this transmutation into basic organics.

~ACID FORMATION STAGE:-The dissolvable organic materials are transformed into small-structured materials as acetic acid volatile fatty acids hydrogen and carbon dioxide.

~METHANE FORMATION: -The stage of acetic acid disintegration or hydrogen and carbon dioxide synthesis to acquire biogas by bacteria.

~MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF BIOGAS IN BIOGAS POWER PLANT :-

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~ Biogas is produced in a no "oxygen is present" environment or in an anaerobic environment, when certain bacteria decompose organic material.

~The whole process is referred to as anaerobic digestion (AD). AD effectively treats the organic fraction of waste which has many benefits. The process not only leads to a healthy and clean environment, but also produces a renewable energy source like methane.

~The by-product produced during the process is a solid residue which is high-grade manure. In a biogas plant, biomass like vegetable wastes, animal excreta, and weeds undergo decomposition in the absence of oxygen and form a mixture of gases. This mixture is the biogas which is used as a fuel for cooking and lighting.

~TYPES OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT:-

(I) Floating gas-holder type (II) Fixed dome type

(III) Bag type

(I) FLOATING GAS-HOLDER TVPE:-

~A digester tank or a well is made out of concrete and it called the digester tank, which has two parts: the inlet and the outlet. The inlet is from where slurry is transported to the tank, which has a cylindrical dome made of stainless steel. This dome floats on the slurry and collects the gas generated. That is why such a biogas plant is known as floating gas holder type. Fermentation of the slurry takes for about 50 days. The pressure inside increases when more gas is formed by bacterial fermentation. The gas is then transported out through outlet pipe. The decomposed matter moves into the next chamber in tank. By using the outlet pipe this is then removed to the overflow tank, which is used as manure for cultivation purposes.

(II) FIXED DOME TVPE:-

~Here also, a well and a dome are made out of concrete, which is called the digester tank.Since the dome is fixed, this gas plant is known as fixed dome type. The manufacturing process is similar to the floating holder type bio gas plant, where the slurry expands and overflows into the overflow tank.

(III) BAG TVPE:-

~The bag-type biogas plant is a portable unit. Made of rubberized nylon fabric, such a plant can be easily placed at any location. The appropriate type is selected on the basis of technical requirements like distance between kitchen and cattle shed, location, availability of dung and water, preferences of the beneficiaries etc.

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

~FACTOR AFFECTING TO BIOGAS POWER PLANT:-

~THE EFFECTS OF HEAT:-Methanogenic bacteria are inactive at very high or very low temperatures. That's why the reactor heat effects the biogas production or its speed directly.

~THE EFFECTS OF PH: -The most suitable PH levels for methane producing bacteria are neutral or have slightly alkali rates.

~THE EFFECTS OF TOXICITY:-Antibiotic addition to foods in chicken farming has a toxicity effect in chicken compost using systems in biogas production.

~THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC LOAD SPEED:-Organic load speed is daily organic material supply amount to bioreactors.

~ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF BIOGAS POWER PLANTS:~ADVANTAGES:

~Produces a renewable fuel that is flexible and can be used to produce heat, power, domestic gas use or as a vehicle fuel.

~Waste is captured and used to generate energy and a useable by-product in the form of digestate for fertilizer.

~Generates methane that can be captured and used to produce energy that might otherwise leak into the atmosphere and increase the greenhouse effect.

~The process fixes nitrogen in the digestate and reduces emissions of nitrous oxide (a strong greenhouse gas) compared to composting or landfill.

~Biogas plants work at a range of scales, e.g. domestic plants in India and China, through pig, dairy, beef farms up to municipal and industrial waste facilities. ~Biogas can be upgraded to biomethane and transported to where energy is demanded.

~DISADVANTAGES:

~There is little or no control on the rate of gas production, although the gas can, to some extent be stored and used as required.

~Biogas contains contaminant gases which can be corrosive to gas engines and boilers.

~Digestate must meet high standards in order to be used on land without detrimental effects on agricultural uses especially food crops

~Biogas plants and gas upgrading plants both have a relatively high heat and energy demand which demand some of the biogas produced to be used on-site.

~STATUS OF BIOGAS POWER PLANT IN WORLD:-

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)

BIOGAS POWER PLANT

ENERGY SYSTEMS

BY SHAILESH B. PATEL -090760111025

COUNTRY QUANTITY
GERMANY 99
NETHERLANDS 83
FRANCE 55
ITALY 50
BELGIUM 25
ENGLAND 25
SPAIN 23
DENMARK 18
TURKEY 29
PORTUGAL 7
IRELAND 5
GREECE 4
~CONCLUSION:- QUANT.Jl000 KM2

0.25 2.40 0.11 0.15 0.80 0.11 0.07 0.45 0.02 0.09 0.09 0.02

~After studying biogas power plant we can say that it is non-polluting and renewable source of energy is created in biogas plants and It is an excellent way of energy conversion.

~Biogas plants produce enriched organic manure. This can be used as fertilizers.Biogas as a gas provides improvement in the environment, and sanitation and hygiene.

~The biogas plants provide a source for decentralized power generation.Most important of all, such plants provide employment generation in the rural areas.

~REFERANCE :-

~www. HUBPAGES.ORG ~WWW.INDUSTRIALGASPLANTS.COM ~WWW.EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG

SSASIT

I BY SHAILESH B. PATEL(E.C. DEPARTMENT)