Chapter 7 SQL - A Relational Database Language

7 . 1 9 Write statements to create indexes on the database schema shown in Figure 2.1 on
the following attributes:
Answers:
(a) A unique, clustering index on the StudentNumber attribute of STUDENT.
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX STUDENT_NUM_INDEX
ON STUDENT ( StudentNumber ) CLUSTER ;
(b) A clustering index on the StudentNumber attribute of TRANSCRIPT.
CREATE INDEX STUD_NUM_INDEX
ON TRANSCRIPT ( StudentNumber ) CLUSTER ;
(c) An index on the Major attribute of STUDENT.
CREATE INDEX MAJOR_INDEX
ON STUDENT ( Major ) ;

7 . 2 0 What are the types of queries that would become more efficient for each of the
indexes specified in Exercise 7.19?
Answer:
For the STUDENT_NUM_INDEX on STUDENT, selecting a STUDENT record based on
the value of StudentNumber would be very efficient. In addition, retrieving all STUDENT
records in order of StudentNumber would be efficient, as would performing a JOIN
operation with another file where StudentNumber is the join attribute.
For the STUD_NUM_INDEX clustering index on TRANSCRIPT, selecting all the
TRANSCRIPT records that have a given value of StudentNumber (all TRANSCRIPT records
for a particular student) would be very efficient. In addition, performing a JOIN
operation with another file where StudentNumber is the join attribute would be very
efficient.
For the MAJOR_INDEX on STUDENT, selecting all the STUDENT records that have a
given value of Major (all STUDENTs majoring in a particular department) would be
relatively efficient.

7 . 2 1 Specify the following views in SQL on the COMPANY database schema shown in
Figure 6.5.
Answers:
(a) A view that has the department name, manager name, and manager salary for every
department.

CREATE VIEW DEPT_INFO (DEPT_NAME, MGR_LAST_NAME, MGR_FIRST_NAME, MGR_SALARY)

AS SELECT DNAME, LNAME, FNAME, SALARY
FROM DEPARTMENT, EMPLOYEE
WHERE MGRSSN=SSN ;

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Chapter 7 SQL - A Relational Database Language

Note: This query will only retrieve a DEPARTMENT that currently has a manager. If it is
possible that a DEPARTMENT may not have a manager (say, for a brief period of time),
than an outer join would be necessary to retrieve a DEPARTMENT that is not currently
related to a manager. In this case, we could use LEFT OUTER JOIN (see Section 7.2.8) as
follows:
CREATE VIEW DEPT_INFO (DEPT_NAME, MGR_LAST_NAME, MGR_FIRST_NAME, MGR_SALARY)
AS SELECT DNAME, LNAME, FNAME, SALARY
FROM (DEPARTMENT LEFT OUTER JOIN EMPLOYEE ON MGRSSN=SSN) ;
(b) A view that has the employee name, supervisor name, employee salary for each
employee who works in the 'Research' department.

CREATE VIEW RESEARCH_EMP_INFO (LNAME, FNAME, SUPERVISOR_NAME, SALARY)

AS SELECT E.LNAME, E.FNAME, S.LNAME, E.SALARY
FROM EMPLOYEE E, EMPLOYEE S, DEPARTMENT
WHERE DNAME='Research' AND DNUMBER=E.DNO AND E.SUPERSSN=S.SSN ;
Note: Again here, if we want every EMPLOYEE, regardless of whether that EMPLOYEE
currently has a SUPERVISOR or not, we would use the LEFT OUTER JOIN as follows:
CREATE VIEW RESEARCH_EMP_INFO (LNAME, FNAME, SUPERVISOR_NAME, SALARY)
AS SELECT E.LNAME, E.FNAME, S.LNAME, E.SALARY
FROM (EMPLOYEE E LEFT OUTER JOIN EMPLOYEE S ON E.SUPERSSN=S.SSN), DEPARTMENT
WHERE DNAME='Research' AND DNUMBER=E.DNO ;
(c) A view that has project name, controlling department name, number of employees,
and total hours worked per week on the project for each project.

CREATE VIEW PROJ_INFO (PROJ_NAME, DNAME, NUMBER_OF_EMPS, TOTAL_HRS_PER_WEEK)

AS SELECT PNAME, DNAME, COUNT(*), SUM(HOURS)
FROM PROJECT, DEPARTMENT, WORKS_ON
WHERE PNUMBER=PNO AND DNUM=DNUMBER
GROUP BY PNAME, DNAME ;
Note: If we want every PROJECT, regardless of whether that PROJECT currently has a
controlling depertment or not, we would use the LEFT OUTER JOIN as follows:
CREATE VIEW PROJ_INFO (PROJ_NAME, DNAME, NUMBER_OF_EMPS, TOTAL_HRS_PER_WEEK)
AS SELECT PNAME, DNAME, COUNT(*), SUM(HOURS)
FROM (PROJECT LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON DNUM=DNUMBER), WORKS_ON
WHERE PNUMBER=PNO
GROUP BY PNAME, DNAME ;
(d) A view that has project name, controlling department name, number of employees,
and total hours worked per week on the project for each project with more than one
employee working on it.

CREATE VIEW PROJ_INFO (PROJ_NAME, DNAME, NUMBER_OF_EMPS, TOTAL_HRS_PER_WEEK)

AS SELECT PNAME, DNAME, COUNT(*), SUM(HOURS)
FROM PROJECT, DEPARTMENT, WORKS_ON
WHERE PNUMBER=PNO AND DNUM=DNUMBER
GROUP BY PNAME, DNAME
HAVING COUNT(*) > 1 ;

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