Atoms and Molecules

Questions : Page 32
Q:1 In a reaction, 5.3 g of sodium carbonate reacted with 6g of ethanoic acid. The products were 2.2 g of carbon
dioxide, 0.9 g water and 8.2 g of sodium ethanoate. Show that these observations are in agreement with the law of
conservation of mass. Sodium carbonate + ethanoic acid = sodium ethanoate + carbon dioxide + water.
Ans. Mass of reactants before experiment = Mass of sodium carbonate + Mass of ethanoic acid
=> 5.3 g + 6 g = 11.3 g
Mass of products after experiment
=> Mass of sodium ethanoate + Mass of carbon dioxide + Mass of water
=> 8.2 g + 2.2 g + 0.9 g = 11.3 g
The mass of reactants is equal to the mass of products therefore, it proves law of conservation of mass.

Q:2 Hydrogen and oxygen combine in the ratio of 1:8 by mass to form water. What mass of oxygen gas would be
required to react completely with 3 g of hydrogen gas ?
Ans. 1 g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen = 8 g
So, 3 g of hydrogen reacts with oxygen = 8 x 3 g = 24 g

Q:3 Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory is the result of the law of conservation of mass?
Ans. Atoms are indivisible particles, which cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Q:4 Which postulate of Dalton’s atomic theory can explain the law of definite proportions?
Ans. Atoms combine in the ratio of small numbers to form compounds. In a compound, the relative number and
kinds of atoms are constant.

Questions : Page 35
Q:1 Define the atomic mass unit.
Ans. The mass of 1/12 part of C – 12 is equivalent to one atomic mass unit. Previous it was denoted by symbol amu
but now these days it is denoted by symbol u.

Q:2 Why is it not possible to see an atom with naked eyes?

Ans. Because an atom is too small, i.e., the atomic radii of an atom is of the order 10 -10 m to 10-9 m.
Questions : Page 38
Q:1 Write down the formulae of :
(i) Sodium oxide
(ii) Aluminium chloride
(iii) Sodium sulphide
(iv) Magnesium hydroxide
Ans. (i) Na+1 + O2-
Na+1 O2-

Na2O (Sodium oxide)

3+ -
(ii) Al + Cl
3+
Al Cl-

AlCl3 (Aluminium chloride)

+1 2-
(iii) Na + S
Na+1 S2-

Na2S (Sodium sulphide)

2+ -1
(iv) Mg + OH
Mg2+ OH-1

Mg(OH)2 (Magnesium hydroxide)

Q:2 Write down the names of compounds represented by the following formulae :
(i) Al2 (SO4)3 (ii) CaCl2 (iii) K2SO4 (iv) KNO3 (v) CaCO3
Ans.