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aa eneK'l'pOMeXSHHtIHH IIpeXOAKH npo~eCH B CpaBHeHHe C MeTO,lla Ma CHMe­ EEC;
TpWlKH'l'e C'ElCTaBKH.
2. TIepcneKTBsHo npoeKTHpBHe H nn8HHpBHe H8 BEe;
B pe,I\J!I:!8. CJIy'IWI e ~enec1lO6pa3HO ,lIa ce nplt1IaraT KOWilJleRCHH 38.­
3. Hsdiop H H8C'l'pOiiKa HB OCHOSHBTB THllose F3 (lDICT8HrtHOHHB. TO­
MecTBIl.IJlH cxeYH tlpeS C1)qeTaBaHe aa ClDleTpHI'lHH, Hecm.teTPHtlHH H 4a3HH KOSH, H8IIpeEeHOBH. IIOCO'1IHH B p;p.);
C'ECTaBKH. Haa-roneam npe,I\IGfCTBa ,lIaBaT B TeSH CJIy1laB aO]?!fflJJa.!mTe C'EIC­ 4. llpoeKTKpBHe B H8C'1'poftKa HB CHCTeMH8Ta TIAA.
!!!!!, npH KOHTO 8 Hs~eao ycnOBHeTO sa HHBaPHSHTHooT Ha MoqHooTHTe
Hsso,lt!
npH 'l'paHC~~Hfl: Ra e,I!;Ha CHC'l'e:t.f8. 0'1' C'ECTaB.IIIqH B .IlPYI'a.
1. C nOMOIltTa HS BHe,llJl8HHTB S HamaTa CTpBH8 npOrp8MHIIl KOMIIneK­
1.3. MeTo,Ipf sa MaTewaTHtlecKo MOAe.!D!paHe Ra .qeAcTBHeTo aa
CK S8 IIlSq}'!CJI1{SaHe Ha ,ll,BRaMH1lH8Ta Y,CTOtcmBOCT H8 EEC (KYCT, FY:3H-II
peJleAHwl'e S!1!!!HTH II: IIp9'l'HBoasapmmaTa aBTOW'l'Hlta B
14 PA.miYC) He MoraT ;lJ.a ce ilS1DICJI1{S8T BlI6KTpOMexaHlNHlIl npeXO;D;llil npoIte­
C"bBneMemrHTe nporpaMH 3a HS'QHCJIRBaHe Ma ,n;HH8loIlfIlKa'l'a
YCTO~ooT
Clil IIpI4 ClIOEMI4 HeCIilMB'1'plAHil pemn.m CnB;IJ. B'i>3HIill:I:BaHe H8 eneK'1'pH"leCIOl
IIOBp9AH - K'bCB 14 SeMHH C'l>e.ll.HHBHM HB if.;a8HH npeR'i>CB8H1t!I. TOS8 He
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6JIOltOBe, KOHTO II03BOJIRBa'l' ,lIa ce MOAeJIHpa qMOTO pasHo06pa3He 0'1' P3 H 2. HaA-y,n.oOOH sa RSq}'!CJU{saHB Ha elleKTpoMeXSHlNHH rrpBXOJlHll npo­
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npRnOZeHl4e Ha MBTO,ll,a Ha CHMe'1'pwqKHTe C'i>CTaSKB.
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1.4. MenH Ma ,ll,HcepmuWiTa lm'lH9 CHMeTpWi.

OeaoBaaTa ~eJI Ha ,I\HCepT~WiTa e ~ os paspa60THT weTo,ll,H sa HS.

4. Paspa60TeHHTe ,n.o cera M9TO,D,l'I S9 1'IS-.mCJU{B9He as eneR'1'pJIlleC­
RRTe Be~H npK cnOZHH nospe,ll,H HSHCRsaT ;JJ.a ce HSB~pmBaT CnOEHR
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CHCTEMATI13HP Ali ME'IDlI. 3A ~StmCJL'IBARE HA FJI.HQBPEMEFITM FJIEK­
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= 01.02 ••••• 21); Uco')- (Nx 1) - BeKTopHTe Ha B~S1IOal<'!Te HSnp9l1te­ H (-1) B MeCT8Ta Ha as'lJaJIHHH H Kpalhum B'l>8nK. orpallUl:8lItH Ha.D;ll'lIZHaTS
HHH; YG - ~SrOHaJIHSTa MaTpm:tS C S,nMHTSHCne Ha r9HepaTOpHTe: EG ­ nOBpe,na.
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HBUsseCTHH H C1IB.uOBSTenBO Tpa1aa .ua ce ,UOlI'l>nHH C T01lHO n HS 6po~

eneKTpnqeCKHT9 nOBp98H

rpBgxqaH YCJIOBHa B MeCTaTa Ha 1I0Bpe,ll;l!(Te.

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l~~ll~~~l ri\i~][~:1'
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(2. 13)
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HLK :filL' lF1. lUL
Uenecbo6pasHo e ypaBH. (2.10) ~ ce nO~~T cnope~ BmaoaeTe
noepa.IUI B TpH KJIacs. a lNeRao: KJI8C A - sa SC1'I'iKB: alUtoee aeCRMe­
nO~MaTpHIJ;aTBHKK .HKl ,HlK ,HLl, :it :1~) W
CB nOJIY'IasaT
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cJIe~ J1lSB'bpIDsBHe Ha BnBMeHTBPHl'tTe 1no1lli0-MBTpK'mll: olIejiaUllI! 3a '~MfIHa
TPPI1a3HHTe ~CK HrrH 3eMHB C~.IUIHeHzg; KJI8C C - sa ~SaPITe npe­
MeCTBTa Ha J L 1iI: U L s (2.106); ZFK 1I ZFL ca ,lUIBrOHBJIlUi MaTpHJ:J;R
C'bC C'bOTBeTHO c~rJIaCYBaaJ1l pasMepH. C~~'bpxamH C~poTHBneHaqTa B Mec-
TaTB Ha nospe~HTe.
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Cera Be~e ce B~, ~e npo6neMbT ce C~CTOB s onpe~eJIHHeTO HS
Ta Ha eneKTp~ecKHTe TIOSp~ ~pMamro ca SKJIIDqeHJ1l B TpHTe cxeMH 3a
UA H JA no (2.16). a- ]s H Uc ce onpe~9ltJiT snOCJI9,l1.CTSne. nO-HaTa1:"l>K
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amro ~ ce oT1engssa C IDi~eKca (T). nO-RaTaT'bK me ce C~Ta, ~e HB­
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TIDC:HOTO H3~CngSaHe ~eiiCTSHTeJIHHTe BeJIPlIiRHH S MaCTaTa Ha nOBpe,lUITe
OKOH~TeJIHO TpaOBa ~a ce OTIpB~enaT no (2.12).
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TB Ha eJleKTpHqeCKaTa cxe~la B CMHC'bJIa Ha G. Kron ,a 1YKsaTa H HanOM­
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nOCJIe,n;OBaT6JIHOCT

MT !(~M nOJIlQCRTB C HeCKMeTpRqHil: nOBpB,n;R (A)) npm: MBTolla C pasm:epe­

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e~a eKBRBaJIeHTHa nac:a:BHa exBMa. KO~TO CB TpeTKp8 KaTO ~aCT OT cxe­ npaBaTa nocne,n;OBaTeJIHOcT. RofiTO CB npRnara nOHaCT~meM B np0rpBMIilTe
MaTa Ha npaBaTa nocne,n;OBaTBJIHOCT. ITo TaK~B H8~, K8KTO e nOK8saHO sa Rs~cxaBaHe Ha ~a~aTa yCTO~BOCT llpH e~oKPSTHK R.C. npH
Ha ~r. 5, ce ~pMRpe e~a pasmHpeHa cxeMa Ha npaBaTa nocne,n;OBaTBn­ TOSR no,n;xo,n; ce R3B~pmBa KOPBKuan Ha B~3nOBaTS a~TaHcHa MBTpHQa Ha
HOCT. npaeaTa nOCJIe,n;OBaTeJIHOcT. ~s K~TO ce O~Ta ,n;HpeKTHO npm:c~e~­
rpaH~HTB ycnOBKR B MeCTaTa Ha HBCKMBTp~HTB nOBpB,n;H ce OT­ BaHe HS ~moronOmDCHHKa'Hs "Heco~cTBeHlilTe" ypaBHBH~ Ha npBBaTa no­
peaaBaT B~PXY BTop~HTe Hanpe~eH~ (U~) H TOROBB (J CJIe,n; R,lJ;eaJI­ p) cn9,n;OBaTBJIHOcT. llelicTBHTBJIHo. T.R. "myuT" Ha R.C. npB)l;CTSBJlIIBa ~c­
HRTe pas,n;eJIKTeJIHK TpaHcqoPMaTopH. rapaHTKp8mK perynapHoTo CB~psBa­ TeR c~ Ha TaKOBa ,n;HpeKTHO npRc~,n;HH~BsHe.
He Ha ~tHoronomocHKTe 012-cxeMR B MeCTaTa Ha nOBpe,n;HTe. ITOpa,n;H TOBa O~eBH,n;HO no,n;xo,n;~T C ,n;HpeKTHOTO B~BBm,n;aHe HS npoMeHR B~B B~8no­
CB sanRCBa: BSTa a,D;MIilTaHCHa MaTpHUa HS npBBaTs nocne,n;OBSTeJIHOCT He e e~KTKBeR
(2.19) EllJ~.]:- [~~~)~~ .. _J f ~~q)h~~pf9:)l .. npH HSlWcxaaaHe Ha cnOJKH][ eneKTpneCKR nOBpB,n;m. nopa,n;m Heodxo,ltHMOCT­
l p I ; ) : ,TpCo-) -APS(~~O~pP(o-)j
T8 OT RSB~pmBSHe Ha nOBTopHR qaKTOPHS8UHH Ha noco~eHaTS MSTpRUB m:
..
x[!s(~~ ~ .~ Jll~;;\o:t ~~~, '~5\~)]
: TP(dJ lUp(o'lj ~p(o) J'P:'a')
I;)
,
nopa,n;H nOHBaT8 Ha rOJlllM dpoll HOSR HeHynBBR Bn9MeHTR. ITopa,n;H TOBa no­
HaTaT'hK B ,n;HcepTaUZHTa OKOH~TeJIHO ce B'hSnpHBMS no,n;xO~T C Hsnonsy­
K'h,n;eTO Ts(O') • Tp(CI) ca ,n;H8rOHaJIHKTe MaTpl'!lJ;R OT Koe!JHIJ;l'!eHTHTe Ha BaHe TeopeM8TS H8 Thevenin(2.22).
TpaHcqJopM8L,TID'I Ha l(lteaJIHRTe pas,n;eJIKTBJIHR TpaHc1lopMaTopR, ~HHTO ene­
MeHT~ ce Hs1KpaT HSMelK.IlY eJIe)~eHTnTe Ha Ma::pm:taTa Ha npeodpasYBaHe­
TO OT CH'J!eTpKtl:Hlil CMTaSKPI B'hB ifaSHH KOOP,n;HHSTIil ­ HSBO,IW
1. ITpB,n;cT8eeH e CHCTBMSTRsHpaH MeTO,n; sa Rs~cxaBaRe H8 eJIBRTpH­
~ { ( R) ([ ~) (;) (~)] ~eCKHTe BeJIHqRHR nplil HeCHMBTp~R pBERMK B EEC. CJIB,n; B~SHlilRBaHe HS
,g (1J ( 5) 1 02 0 •

elleltTp:ifqeC~R nOBpe,n;R - R~CR R S9MaR oM,n;HHeHIffi HJIK ~SHlil npeK'hCB8H~.

g,i (T) 1 a Q2

;::el'o,n:'hT ce xapaRTepHSHpa c~c cne,n;HHTe oc06eHOCTlil:

Tpa6sa ,n;a ce oTden6JiGI. ~e ocojeHaTa :pasa nprr e~otasHHTe TIOBpe­ a) npRnara ce KBaSHcTaqnoHapHIffiT no,n;xo,n; C HSnOJISYBSHe HS Me­
.un e nOBpe,n;eHaTa :pass. S npn .uByt1J8SHl!!T8 - s,n;paB8T8. To,n;a Hd CHMeTpl'I'lH:RTe C~CT8BRR;
6) }!3B~pmB8T ce 8nredpl'r'lHl'l npeo1pasoBaH~ (TpaHC~pMamm).
 - 12 ­
KORTO BO~T ~O ~pManHOTO 06a~HBaHe Ha CXeMMTe Ha 06paTHaTa R
neB8Ta nocne~OSaTenHOCT B enHa eRBRBSneHTHS naCHBHa CXBMa. C~maTa
ce TpeTHpa KSTO ~aCT OT CXeMaT8 Ha npaBaTS nOCna~OB8TanHOCT. ITo Ta­
l<'I>B HS"Illm ce 11op~mpa enHa pSSmrrpaHa cXaMa Ha TlpaBaTa DOOne~088Ten­
- 13 ­
HY­ H8 HOBH B~3nR Henocpe,nOTseHO B HaqanOTO HS KnOHOBeTe. Hao::Smo. 8KOk
03Ha~aBa 6polt Ha K-nOBpenHTe. S I - 6pOE HS L -llospenHTe. TO 061llllHT
6po~ HS HOBltTe s~anR ce npHeMa ,na e n:: k. I • Hsxo~ ce OT Z ­
110pMaTa Ha 2n-nomocHRKS Ha nOBpenHT9 (WPIr. 6). Torasa

t~:-]= t~~;\,~~·~] ,
HocT;
s) CHMeTp~RTe nOBpe~ (Tp~3HH K~CH PI Se~mR O~e~eHna (3.2)
RnH TpHfaSHR npeK~C8aHna) oe O~TaT ~es e~s npe~BapHTenH8 pe~K­ Hsxo.nmt1IT (,lJ,oaBapl'IiffiIDlT) pelKRM ce xapaKTepHsHpa C TOBS. 'lie no­
~. Bo~ema ~O ~pMHpaHeTO Ha MHorOTlonrocHRqHTe 0 nonrocR - oaMO MeC­ mocaTe (MecTaTa) HS nOBpe~RTe OTK-THn BRHarH ca OTBopeHH R s C'hmOTO
TaTa Ha HeCHMeTp~HTe nOBpenH; Bp9Me nonroCiITe Ha nOBpe,lIRT9 OT L -TlUl BKHSI'liI: cs ;D;a,neHH HaK'hOO. DbB
r) rr\'leXO~HHTa C~npOTPIBneHID'l B MeCTaTa Ha eneltTpnqeORRTe no­ B~3Ra 0 TOBa ce ORassa uen9o'ho6paSHS 9nHa 'liao~a BHBepo~ Ha (3.2)
BpenH oe O~TaTqpes ,topManHOTO HM BKnro~BaHe K~M CXeMHTe HS cHMe­
aa CMHHa MeCTaTa Ha UL H lL • T.e.
Tp~HTe

2.
C~OT8SKH.

HSJIOJKeHID'lT CRCT9MBTHsHpaH MeTO~ sa HS'l:HOJJ.R:S8He Ha CJIOlKHPI - (3. 3) ..

[~~]:: [~~K.: HKJ .r~K)
[lL [HLK: HLlJ [U L
.
MHOrOKpaTHH R enHOBpeMeHHPI eJIeKTp~ecKH DOBp6nH oe OBe~a B anre­
6p~eH acneKT ~o nocne~OBaTenHOCT Ha erreMeHTapHR MaTPHqHH npeo1pa­ DO-Ha,nOny oe KSBe~T neCHO

SOBaHHH OT HllC':bK pe~. TOBs ro npaBll elleKTRBeH npH flStmCJJ.R:BaHeTO Ha

ene.!<TpOMeXaHPIqHH npexonHPI npouecH, o1yCJIOBBHR OT cnOlKHK PI pasnpe~e­
lIeHK B~B BpeMeTo eneKTp~ecKll nOBpe~H.
peanRsyer.m Ha RCMmDT'bP aHaJlllTHli­
HH l'ISpaSH sa onpe,lIenaHe Ha ene­
MeHTRT9 Ha (3.3). cne~ K09TO OT­
HOBO C nOMomTa Ha ~CT~S KHBep­
UK\IH I.J

TPETA rJIABA CEH Ha (3.3)sa OMaHa MecTSTa HalL

:.lETO,[ 3A ~EKT'flJ3:fO BbBEJ..1I.AIlE HA TIPOMEtM IIPH H31J11C.:IHBAHE PIUL
CS onpe,lJ,enffT sXO;D;aHTe H B3a­
:iA EL.HOBPE:.1EHHH EJlEKTIWlECKH IIOBPFJU1 HMHRTe KMne;D;aHCK Ha nOXDCKTe (M9C­

TaTa) Ha eneK~eOKKTa nOBpe~. (h:r, 6

3.1. IlocTaHoBKa Ha np06JIeM8 ss B~BeWHe sa: npo~neHH B~B
8~SIIOBaTa a,nMHTaHCHa M8.'rpl1ya fIa MpeEaTa 3.2. OnpeAenaHe Ha BXOAHHT9 H S3aKMHHTe KMn9AaHCH M9!xy
nOmPCRTe C Hanpe1iHR nOBpeAH npK nonrooH C Ha~H
tenTa e ~a ce T10ny-qaT npOCTli H lIeCHO peSJlllsyeMM Ha KOMTIJOT':bP
nOBpen! AaneHK HSK'hCO
aHaJUlTK'fIIll HspaSll sa BXO~HHTe 11 BsaHWiHTe ID,me,naHCH Ha nomocHTe.
pecn. ~,!eCTaTa Ha elIeKTpJillleCKHTe nOBpe,nK. HltKOH OT KORTO ca MellUUffi­ En9MeHTRTe Ha HKK oa BXO,lI,lfHTe PI B3aRMHRT9 PlMne~aHOK MelK.nY K ­
HH TO"C!KH c- "HOBoo6paSYBaHll" 6'bSml. HBonpe,neJIeHH B HSXO,nHWi (opHrn­ nonrocHTB 0 Hanpe~HH nOBpe~ ( k - 1 Ha npaS9H XO,lJ,) npR L -DOmPCH C Ha­
,lIll'blltIIK nOBp6~ .ua~eHH HaI<~CO. T.e,UL::Q • Kor8TO R.C. B'h3HKKS8T B'b­
HallHWi) anre::5pIr'l.eH Mo,nell Ha ~!pe.lliaTa. IIpli TOBa ce l'IS6a:rBaT petueHna­
Ta. YBemfllaBa;::1 paHra Ha MaTp1l.1.U!Te BClIe)lCTBi!e Ha 'PaKTIr'l.eCKH '!O,g~::~JII­
Tpe no ~~~P.HaTa Ha eneKTponpOBO,lIPlT9. M~HKT9 B'h3nH He 9 Heo6xo­

KaUlm Ha C'bTImTe Ii Bo.ne:!J'l ,no nOBTopHU tal{TOpHSaUlf:l. 2ae,nno C TOBa ,JImMO ,lIa ce B~se~aT B saMeCTBamHT9 CxeMH HB MpB!8Ta.
KaRTO e nSBeCTHO. sa npoUSSOIIeH eIIeKTponpoBO;D; (i j ). B Ko:fiTO e
Y(<1) -MaTpHmITe (d = 0, 1, 2 - sa CXe\l}!Te Ha C!'i),!eTpKqH;ITe C':bCTaB!G!)
oe TpeTHp8T RaTO HeC~!"leTpJilllHH (Bllpo"C!eM ~O) Blmarl! e cHMeTpKCI:-{a). a
B~3HHKHarro K.C. HS paSCTOltHKe A (B OTa. e,lI.) OT HarOBOTO HS~IIO. TO­
B MeCT8Ta H8 HOBOoopasYBam1Te B':bSJlll ce l(OllycKa npIlC'bCTBUeTo '-Ia Ha­ KOp8snpe.neneHKeTo B 06maTa cxe~m ce 3anassa. aKO BMeCTO TOKa Ha R.C.
Jk cs npKJ10litST ,lJ,sa TOK8:Ji=(1-"l lk B Ha~lIOTO K:1j::Alk B Kpaii
npe'iHU ene:v.eHTlI. 3a o::5:r,'HO::T oe npHe:"ra,'le HSllpe'nm:-e lloBpe.u11 (K~:m
IHlli se~llHn C'benHHeH1IR. K-lloBpenH) 8'DS!HI'ma T Ha npOI!3BOJlHO ~i:liC TO no
HS ene'{TponpOBO.ns. Ha TaSK OCHOBa HeKS cAe C9 oT6enelitH (ne xk ) ­

R}IQfIOBeTe, T.e. SCflKa nOBpena OT T03U S:fUI B5seE,na HOB B'b3err B cxe­ B~3rrOBOOpl'IeHTl1paHa ti!aTPHUa Ha os~ps8aHeTo. 3a KOltTO I1e e 6pOET Ha
l.:aTa. Hani!'b~rnI!7e llOBpe;rm (;,aSHH npeR'bCBamm, L -TIOBpelU!) OT esoll B~SnHTe. orpa~amH RnOHOBeTe UnH rpynHTe OT KH~TKBHO-cB~psaHHTe
'2TpaHa nona;n:aT SllliarlI B :,pall: Ha K7!O':lOse:e - ;meHTj'!:i'z~TtJa,:, 'oe e'b:: KJIOHOB9 0 nOBpe,IU!. ToraBa MOllie ;u.a ce npe,lJ,CT8Ba:
sax,e:'CTBYS8:EI rrpeK'b(:sa'u:. ;1~,1e.lOa8Te;r:-!o :':;:;0 '!:TeRa:' 8'bBe:~:::(J'-ieTO (3.16) Hkk;A~ ZeAe+ Z ",
 - 14 ­ - 15 -
KqIleTO Ze e ( IieX ne) - waTpRLIaTa Ha BXO,lliiHTe H BSaKMHHTe 1OO1e,Il8HCH Ha R~~eTO HenOCpe,ll.CTB9HO CJIe~BB.. ~9
opHI'HHaJIHaTa cxewa cnp!Ul:o B'C3JIHTe, Ol"~~ llOBpe,D;ElHHTe eJIeMeHTH
(3.20) HLL " i:J L Ve (ts[- Atze Be Ve fit ).
IBM. K - if l - lloBpeMTe/; Z A e ( k X k) - MaTPRLlaTa Ha BXO,lliiHTe H B3a­ Tpa:6ea .na C9 l'IM8 npe,D;Bl'f.lt. 'tI9 sa CJJY'IMHB. npeK'DCHB.TH ;peSll: HB.
HMHJ{Te mme~CH CaMO Ha rpynaTa eJIelleHTH C K - llOBpe)J,H, llPH "saselle­ HHROR aT HaMOTImTe HB ,ll.ByaBMO'l"b'UIll: ll: MHOrOHBMO'l"b'IHR CHJIOBH Tp8HC({xJp­
HH" Ol"~ B03XH Ha C~HTe. MaTOPH. MaTpm:J)1!T9 Be H BL C'.b,II.'DplltaT e c969 Cll: R09~I{li!9HTnTe HB Tp8HC­
MaTpKU;aTa Ae ee nOJIYQaBa llO CJIe,lliiOTO rIpaBHJIO: BCeKH CT'DJI6 eqIl1>p­
~pM8nzHHa T9SK TpBHC({xJpM8TOPH. KORTO B odmaa cny-qai CS KOMnJI9XCHll:.
lKB. ,1J;Be HeHYJIeBH cToJtHoeTH (1 -Ak) H Ak , B C1>QTBeTHHTe pe,D;OBe fla B"b3­ ITo-rope C L~ II A\ CB. OSHB.~9HR KOMIIlIeKCHo-cnpernBTRT9 TpaHcnOIUIpB.Hn
JIl-l:Te, orpa.:'It,ll;aII\H MOHa C K - nOBpeMTe.
MaTpHIJ;B: HB Be II BL •
EJIeMeH,TH'I.'e fla MaTpRLIaTa Z" ce onpe,ll.eJIHT KaKTO CJIe,ll.oo: Z;lkk=(1-).}zij ;
3.4. Onpe89BRH9 Ha np98BBBT9nHRT9 K09W!gHeHTH no HBnp9~9HRe
Z~kk,="(1-A}Z.. ,KoraTO K.C. k Hk'ca B1>pxy e,ll.MH H C~H eJIeKTponpo­

r
" I)" '\ '\ I ,
OTK~M nonroCmT9 C H~ nOBpe8H R'DM nonrocHT9 c
BOA (ij) ,npH/I~ A; ~k"A(1-A.)ZiJ ' C~O, npHt\ >A; Z},kk=A(l-X)~ •
KoraTO K.C. k H k' ea B1>pxy ,ll.Ba HH,llyKTHBHO CB1>p3aHH eJIeKTponpoBO,D;a, npH HBnpe~ll noepe8H

}.~ A';ZJ.kk =).'O-A)zM ,C~O, npH A >?I' • TyK Zij e HMfle)J,aHC1>T Ha EJIeM9HTHT9 HB.HKl CB. npe,D;BBBT9JIHllTe KO~9HTH no HanpexeHHe
MeKTponpoBo,ll.a ( i j ) C R.C. k • a z'" e mme,ll.aHC1>T Ha BsaHllHaTa HH)JyK­ OTK'DM l -nonrocHT9 ( (- 1 ,D;a;neHH HBK'bCO) K'bM K -nOJOOCHT9 Ha npaseH
~Wl: Me.w eJIeKTponpoBO,ll.a ( ij) H eJIeKTporrpoBO,ll.a( pq } C K.C. k I npH XO~. T.e. Jk" Q ~ 09 .naeaT c HSpa3B
=
0' 1 H 2, z", 0/. = (3.22) HKl=A~ Ze Be Ye At -At,
3.3. Ollpe8eJIHHe Ha BXoABHTe H B3aHllHHTe ggMRTaHCH Ha nO~HTe K'h.neTo Al e aHaJIOI'lJ'lHa MaTpmtB. HaA
e • HO C'l>OTeeTHHTe cT'DJIdoee SB K.C.
C flasn!!HK nOBpegK npH nO~H C Hanpe~H llOBpe8H fla npaseH S c~ecTeYBamH B'DSKW ca HY1I9BH e9RTopH.
~
3.5. Onpe89BRH9 HB. npe8aBBTenHHTe KoeW!gHeHTn no TOR OTK'bM
EJIeMeHTKTe Ha Hll ca BXO,lliiHTe H BSaHMHHTe ~TaHCH Ha l -llOnro­ nOnDCKT9 C HBnpe~H noep98H R'hM nOJOOCHT9 C HB.8n'D3Hll:
cRTe, I L-l ,I\8,Il;eHH Ha neol npH l -nOJOOCH HB. llpaseH XO,ll., T.e. 1k :; 9 • nOBpeAA
AKO Bl e (nlX be J - MaTpKU;aTa Ha cB1>psBaHero OT BH,ll,a "B"b3JIK - MO­
ElIeMeHTll:Te HB HlK ca npe.naeaTenHRT9 KO~9HTH no TOR OTK'DM
liOBe", sa KOHTO
l
n ;: t e 6PORT Ha HOB006pasyBaHHTe B"b3JIK B MeCTaTa Ha
K-nOlIlOCHT9 (k.1 HB npaseH Xo.n) R'DM L -nOnDCHT9, na.;n:eHH HaK'DCo. T.e.
npeneBaHWl:Ta, a be - 6PMT Ha MOHOBeTe IH~ H HanpetlliHI IrJ;M Te­
~
:;Q
SH B1>SJIK, TO A~ Ul HSpa3JiBa llpaBHJIOTO 3a eKBHBaJIeHTHOTO npeXB1>pJIf!He
H ce onp9.n9JIl1T C HSPBS8
'. l! t
Ha Hanpelfi.eHOBHTe HSTOtlliRLIH( U L) • npHJIOOteHH B llacTaTa Ha llpeneBaHWl:Ta, (3.24) HLK=-B L Ye Be ZeAe+ AL ,
Sa,D. HOBHTe B"b3JIH. aT OpHrHHaJIHaTa cxeMa npoH3JIH3a aHaJIOrHtma( nex b e )­
C'bCTBBRKTe A~ B (3.22) K AL B (3.24) OTlmTBT B'DSMOlltHOCTTB. K ­

MaTpKU;a Be , 3a ROHTO ne • KaKTO H no-rope, e 6pOJiT Ha BCKtlIU! e~ecTBy­

H L -nospe,JU! .nB npHC'l>CTBYBBT e,1l;HOBpeMeHHO B emm ll: C'l>mH KJIOH.

BaII\H B"b3JIH, ~ KOHTO ca 3aceraaTHTe OT K - HJIH l -noBpeM eJIeMeHTH.

CJIe,D; Onpe,D;erum9 HB Koe¢!m:tKeHTHTe HB (3.3) no (3.16). (3.20).
E1>3MO~O e HRKOJIKO eJIeMeHTa ,D;a ea. CB1>pSaHH KbM e,ll,HH H c~ BbSeJI IB'C3­
(3.22) R (3.24) CJI9,D;BB KHeepcHH HB (3.3) K'bM (3.2). C1I9,D; KoeTO Be'tIe
ce llpeMlmaSa K'DM "SP"-Bnre6pKcrHWl: MO)J,eJI 3B HecRMeTplfCIHHTe nOBpe,JU!
JIII1I H TOraBa ne < n L , )J,ORaTO MHatle ne ::: n L • 1"MecTo HanpexeHOBHTe .HSTO'-l­
(2.17), KoflTO 9 He06xo~ sa ({xJpMapaHe Ha paSmHpeHaTB cxeMa aB npa­
HKU;H Ul R':bM B'C3JIHTe Ha l -llO~HTe ce llpHJlaraT eRBHBaJIeHTHH TOROBH
BBTa·nocne.nOBaTenHOCT.
HSTOtlliRLIH(1 e J. onpefeJIeHH KaKTO CJIe)J,Ba I~Hr. 10/:

~
3.17 J,e." Be Ye ~L UL, 3.6, Onpe.nelIHHe HB nBpaMeTPHTe Ha MHorOnOnDCHll:Ka Ha
K1>,ll,eTO Ve e ( bell be' -6JIO~0-,ll.HarOHaJIHaTa MaTpl1l\a Ha a,D.Ml-l:TaHcHTe Ha nOBpe8HT9 B HecRMe!pRqRH Mp8mll:
KJIOHOBeTe.
B C~aH, KorBTO B eneRTpnqeCR8TB Mp9~a RMa nB~ 4eTp~0-HecH­
Hanpe~eHHffTa, KOHTO ce rrOffBffBaT B OpHrHHanHHTe B03JIH CJIe,ll. ITpHJIa­
MeTpM1n!H eneMeHT:II (.n'DlIrl! HeTp8HcnoHPIpaHPl en9RTpollpOBl ~H HJIH H6CMMe­
raHeTO Ha eKBHBane~~HTe TOKOBH H3T04H~H ca. Ue=Ze J , a n~OBeTe Ha
HanpeAleHHffTaB KJiOHOBeT9 Ha llOBpe,ll.eHHTe eJIeMeHTH ca ( ~~ Ue - t3t U L J.
TpHcrHR TOaBpl'I) CX9MHTe HB HYJrea8T8, llpBBaTa H o dp8 THI :a IIOCJle.nOBaTeJI­
HOCTa HMaT 8P'D3;(H IlOMelli.lJY (;1.1 B MeCTaTa Ha HeeHMeTpK'I! ITe eJreMeHTl'I.
TORoBeTe Ha L -nOlllOCHTe ce no.nytlaBBT no n'bFEl1n 3aROH ffa Kirchhoff ,OT-
TOBa xmrepMBT'pMuaTB Ha B'h3JIOBHT9 a.nMHT8HCPl V(O!2J He e :1JrO'lHO­

- 16 ­
,lUl8roaaJIHa R ce paarnellUl8 KSTO e,IJ.Ho Wino.
B ToaH c~an. no SHsnOl'Zl! C (3.3) ce RSXOJit,U8. 0'1' H -¢lOpMBTS HS
6n-nO.lllO :rms as nOBpe,ll.llTe. C'I>CT8BeH e,llliOsp6MeHHo R ss TpKTe nocne­
CH
,l1088TeJIHOCTH
(3.30) l~~~. ~::,~~~. ~~~~ ,
«iOpM1JIRTe sa onpe,llenaae H8 H~2)' HU.(012) • H KL(012) R
H K(012) cs sHsnOlT'lHR BS (3.16). (3.20). (3.22) K (3.24) npH ycno­
L 1Ie a T.IIX M8Tpm:r:JIT6Ae .A •
BHe. a,..
R BL ce SSM6MT C 6nollHO-,lI.llBro­
L
HSJIHlII M8TpliUH 0'1' TpH n'I>TH nO-BHCOK pe,ll 0'1' BH,llS:
(3.25) Ae(0I2,=diag.llt1'I'e) H T.R.
MaTpliUH Te Z ~(012) • Ye
(012) H Ze(012) cs SBsnol'JA"lHH Ha MB.TpHIJ;ll­ HPE C~BeTCRR ROMnneRC no YCTO~OCT KYCT-BHHK3 MOCRea. RO~TO nosBO­
Te Z". Y H Ze • HO HM8T Tpo:lmO no-ro.lIl!MB. PSSM6pHOCT.
J.lliBa .na CS MO,llBJlRp8T eneMeHTRTe HS BEe- B CXBM8TS HS npaaSTa nOClle,llO­
e
HSBOg
1. Hs Be,lleHH cs npoOTH H :neCHO peSdSY6W BS KOMlllD~P SHSJIl'lTR­
RH HSpaSR Ba BXO,llaHTe H BSSBMHHTe EMne,ll8HCH no OTHOmeHBe Ha U6CTSTa
HS eneKTplAeCKHT6 noape.llJ. ROHTO EMaT c:ne,naHTe np6~CTBa:
S) BsOlirBST oe pemeHMTS. YB6JIlABSallllil paRrs HS B'bBJl088Ta
S,llMHTSHcas MBTpHUB scne,llCTBBe RS ~K~eCKH MO~nHB Ha C'I>mBTS
H~ B nporpaMaTa COMPUTSC sa RS~CJ.lliBaHe Ha TOKOBeTe HS R.C •• pespa­
H BO,llellllil ,ll0 nOBTopaH ~KTOpHS8UHR;
6),llOnycR8 ce HeCHM6TpJIII HS B'I>SnOBSTa S,llMRTaBcas M8TpRUB H
Hsd1IReTO HS HanpellHK eneM9RTR B BOBOOOpaBYBSRHTe B'I>SJlR;
s) aanpe1lHKTe nospe,llJ (R'I>CK B S6MaB C'I>e~eHJIII) HS npOHSSOJl-
HO MaC TO nO ,ll'I>nxHHS TS HS eneKTponpoSO,llHTB OB OT1lHTST. 66S ~ ce B'I>­
BeX,ll8T B08H 8'I>Sni S cxeM8TS;
r) nonyqeHHT6 saSJIl'lTH1IHH nspeSR CS BSXH,llaK SS npOKSBOJIHH
!,tpeZOBl'I eneueHTH. BRn. mulYKTHBHO CB'I>pSSHH e:neKTponpOBO,llK H MHoroas­
MO~1IKH Tp8H~pMBTOpn H SBTOTpaH~PM8TOPH C KOMnneKCHH Ro~uaeaTH
HS TpaH c:1JoPM8U1UI;
,ll) (J;lopM1JIHTe ca aSJIK,llHH KaKTO sa rtKRJIH1IHo-CHMeTp~l'[ MPex~.
TSRS R SS MPeZR C HeCHMeTpRqHH eneMeHTHj
e) 1X>PMYJIllITe nossOJ.lliBaT ,lla ce pajOTlI B CJlIMeTplf'lHH. HeCm'le-
TpMqH~ :a: qeSHJII C~CTaBKJII.
2. HSlloxeaRflT no,ItXO,I( sa OT"l14TaHe Ha npoMeH~ s EEC OTp83Hea ,llK-
pe!(THo 9n9KTplAeCKJlITS nOBpe,llJ. llopa.nR Tosa as nocTaBeHsTa KOHIql9THB
S~1I8 npHnar8HeTo MY .naBS no-npoCTH H no-y,ll06HH sa ROMITID~PH8 pea­
JIllIsaUHfi aHaJIllITH1IH14 RSpaSJII. B cpaBHeHHe C Ha~-o1~ no,ItXo,ll sa OT~Ta­
He Ha npOMeHH. T.e. TOSR C np'HJIOZeH>te Ha neMaTa HaWoodbury •
3. P8apa10TeHRflT MSTO,I( S8 Hs~nCJ.lliBSHe Ha S,llHOBpeMSHHl4 snsRTp>t­
'IeCK!'!. nospe,lUl nosaOJ.lliBa ;na CS npOBelK,lI.8T Cep:l'ri1HH HS'l:HCneHWI Ha sneK­
- 17 ­
TpoMexaa~R npeXO~R npOneCH npR cnOBHK R paSBK88mB ce S~B speMeTO
eneRTplAeCJ:I:lIt nOBpe.lll'!. ~es ~ ce BSB'I>pmBaT qaRTlAeClUI MO,lUlililimStnm aa
B~SnOSHTe 8.ll.WT8aCaH MaTp~ 0'1' lIISXO~M (,llOS88pIDiHM) Pe:amM.
tIETBhPTA rJIABA
H3lWlCJ:I:HTEJIHl1 ACIIEKTH HA OIlPFJLF,JDIHETO HA FJIE:K'l'PH1IECKHTE
13E.Jll1:1MHH IIPl1 HECHMETf'H'!lHH IIPEXO,lI,FM· PEJmMH
4.1. H360p H8 n08Xo8gm MaTeMaTlf'lea M08en as eneRTpOeaeprKRH8T8
Q~CTeMa nUR Rs~cnaBSHe aa aeCRM6TPzqfiR npeXo,na:a: p~
Psspa60Tel:Utf:[T S ,llKCepT8nwtTS M9TO,ll sa RSlIRCJlH88He Ha IIp9XO,llaRTe
npoueCH np'H CllOBHH eneKTpH1leCKJII nOBpe,lln e llpHllozeH ~ aH9.np9HBa B
BaTeJIHOCT c pasJIR1IHa CTenea aa TOllHOCT. B C'I>OTBeTCTBJlIe C "MSTO,lllf'leC­
KJlITe yKsSaHRfl sa HSlIHCJ.lliSaae HS YCToi~BOCTTS". OCBeR Toea sa ayxnJlI­
Te Ha ,IUlcepTanwtTa RH<PoPMaIl;liIOHHSTS Ossa HS ROMllneKC8 RYCT 9,llOn'I>JIH9­
Ha C napaMSTpHTe Ha eneMSHTHTe B cxeMETe as 06paTHSTa H HYlleBaTa no­
cne,llOSSTellHOCTR B C~OTseTCTBHe C uPhKOBO~~T6 yxaSSHB8 sa RSlIRCJlH­
BaHe Ha TOKoaeTe Ha R. C. ". C~IlU'ITe CS aHSnOrR1lHR HS MO,lleJIRT.e.. sanoze­
60TeHR B J:OOJIJlfEX:: "EHepronpoeKT" - CO\pHll.
4.2. Hsdop as n08X08[m M9TOg ss pemaBaHB H8 CRCT9M8Ta
,llHtpepeHB!8JIHo-anredpH1lHR rpaBHeHRfl, OITHCBa!llR
elIeKTpoMeXSHwqHRTe npex0¥HH npouecH
HSllXCJ.lliBaH9TO Ha eneKTpOMeXSHlf'lHRT9 npeXO,llHH npouscR np1lI B~3­
Hk!KSaHe Ha elIeRTpJlI'leCKl'I nOBpe,llH KJIH ;DJlYrR Sa8.llHTeJIHR CMYlIlSHM HS1ICCK­
Ba e,llHOBpeMeHHo pemaBaHe aa CRCTeMaTa OT anreOplAHR YpBBHeHBa 0'1' B>t­
.na:
(4.1) Ij.Io(Xa,Yd):Q.
omiCsama C~CTMHH9TO Ha eneKTplAeCKaTa MpBxta R TOBapRTe R CHCTeMaT(;I
OT ,llH~9peHUMallHR ypaBH9HRff
·atVd=Fd(Xa,Yd ;t),
OTIHcBama C pasJIH~a CTelleH Ha 8,lleK8aTHOCT (HS TOllHOCT) npouecHTe a
C:I1HXpOHHHTe rSHspaTopHII arperaTH. ar<lI. CHHxpoHHHTeMaIlll1.1:.l:l~3(5y.!l.H­
T9mlRTe KOHTYPU H KOMIIJIeRCHM Tosap.
IIo-rop9ljJa, Xa lIlFd, Yd ca Na- HNd -BeRToplI, a tel:lpeMeTo.
B nHCepTa~1Ta ce 1Il3uollsYBa MeTO,ll sa lIRcneHO pemaE He Ha CReTe­
:.:a"8 AII'l:epeHlI.l1allHO-anrejplAHH ypaBHeHRff Ha 9neRTpOMeXSH tmIDI. ..
,,<,,:':;:e(;. ROtiTO ce :IpnJIara (C Hf!KOH Mo.mrnHKamm) B :IOl:le'.£lTO r·""..... ~"~"
 - 19 ­
- 18 ':'"
Be~H B~B ~sHTe H8 EEC des ~S be npOMeaa CTPfK~T8 B8 a~sno­
Sit npOrp8MZ S8 itSUCJ1lIBSHe S8 ~a~8Ta YCTO~BOCT, SRn. R B~e BitTe a,nr.m:1'aHCBitY( 0') -M8TPJiIIll1l H8" cxeMIiITe H8 CHMeTPlI'lHHTe .C~CTSBlUt
BHe~HKR B samaTa CTpeHS'C'hBeTCRit Kounnexc no YCTOIqHBOCT KYCT­
(0' == O. 1, 2). IIPH TOBa ce lilsIIonSYB8 ClilCTeMaTll:slilpaHMT IIO,lOtO~ sa
BFMl13. RQft'l'O e ~o6pe HSBeCTeH. lilSUCJ1l!B8Ha aa CJIOllIHH IIOBpe~t itanOJlteH B'hS II rJIaB8, B C'h'lleT8BHe C
IIp. 'l'OSH MElTO~ ce npHeMS, 'lie sa e~ ;nOCT8T'h'IIHO Mal1'l>K HHTe:p­
MeTO;n8 aa e<peKTHBHO B'hBeJlt;n8Be H8 npoMeHit, lilaJIOJlteB B III I'JIaBa.
B8n Ha HBTerpBPBe (4.2) npe;nCTaBJ1lIB8 CHCT9MS'l'8 yp8BseHM H8 nocne­
Sa BGaKa KOM6HH8~ oT,eneKTPit'IIeCKH nOBp~ S'hB speMe'l'O HS
;nOB8TenRO CB'hPSaHlil nHHeftHH RHep~OHHH SBeH8, KOitTO ce OnitCB8T C'hC
eneKTPoMaxaHlI'lHHn npeXO;neH npo~ec ~dBa ;n8 ce lil~nHaT cxe~HTe
CHCTeMSTa yp8BHeHmB , OT B~ CT'hIIIGI:
(4.4) pVd = Td ( Ad- Vd). 1. ARanzSRpaT ce KOnOBeTe HS eneRTpit'lleCRHTe nOB~ 0'1' MaCHBa
TyJ.t T d it Ad C8 C'hOTS. (Nd x Nd ) - ~I'Oa811HHTe MSTPJiIIll1[ 0'1' Bpe­ Ha B~sneftcTBlDtTa H BCHKS nOBp~ oe MapRBpa C npHSHSK, nOR8saam BeA­
MeKOHCTaBTltTe R BXO;nHHT9 cHl'El8Jm H8 H1iepnROHRitTe3BeHa. aM THII: Hsnpe1WS/HM11'blKHS (K/L); nocnenOaaTeJIHa/napaneJIHa/CHMeTPR'q­
sa
pemaB8HeTO B8 (4.4) ce itSnonsYB8 no,lOtOnsm aeHBea MeTo;n Ba Ha (s/p/u); HeCitMeTPlI'lHa/Tp~sao K.C./Tp~3HO npex~CB8He (AlB/C).
1DIcneao HHTerpH'p8ae. KoiTO I10SBOlDtB8 ltEI oe pBdOTH C pBSJJlNHH OT'hlI­ 2. Onpenem oe'MHOJlteCTBOTo 0'1' S'hSJJlf, O~SUJ,B: nospeneHlITe ene­
o a8 itHTerplilpSae sa OT;nenRHT9 lffiep~OHHit seeB8. MeaTH (B OXeMaTS HS HYXeBaTa nocnenOBSTenROCT B TOBa MHOZeCTBO yqaCT-,
Ha BGaKS {H8I1p. (m+ 1 )-Ta) CT'hURS B'hB BpeMeTO ce pemaB8 olle;n­ BYBaT c~mo TaKa B'DSBH'l'e. O~UJ,B: eneMeHTHTe. ROHTO os KH;nJRTHBHO
H8T8 axre6pH'11R8 CRCTeNS ypaBHeHHS a8 eneKTPmqeCRBT8 MpeSB CB~psaHR c nOBpeneHHTe ,eneMeHTH).
3. Onpe.n:eJ1l!T ce ROeqJHI\lileHTHTe HS H -M8TPHI\lilTe KaK'l'O cne;nBs:H KK
(4.9) ~1)m.l· lIcl)m+ 1 =YG E G,m+l'
TyJ.t e.~.H. BS reHepHpSlIIRTe H3TO'IIHJiIIll1[ EGm+ 1 ce onpe~eJ1llT 0'1' - SKnH.Il - TOR HS K -BXO~, peaI<ItHR ... asnpexeHHe Ha K -axo;n; HLL - SlUtM -
pemeHHeTO Ha ~peHWlS1IHSTa cHCTeMa (4.2) H ce nplileMST nOCTOflRHlil B Hanp9.lKeHlile Ha t -BXO;n, peSRIllf.I1 - TOR sa L -BXOn; H KL - SRIllf.I1 - BsnpeJlta­
pBMRitTe HB BceD H81D1CJmTeneH HRTepB8n. HBe HS L -BXO;n. peaR~ - IlsnpexeHlile Ha K -BXO;n; H LK - SKtl;WI - TOR Ba
KounlleKcHRTe TOB8pH ce npe~CT8sgT KSTO HanpeqaR npoBO~OCTH. K -BXO~.' peaK~ - TOK Ha L -axo~.
KORTO ce itSUCJ1lIB8T Ha 6aS8TS HS ~8MH'IIHHTe :aM xspaRTepRCTHKR R oe 4. <I10PMIiP8T ce .mmroH8~Te MaTP:lill:tK HS HMll~HCHHTe it MMHTaHCHB-
npaeMaT nOCTOflHHH B'hB BpeMElTO Ha BceKH KOHKPeTeH HRTepBsn. HSMeHeBit­ Ta npexo~ 2fK(d) H YA.(d) " ZFl(o') (o' = 0, 1, 2) B MeCTSTa Ha nOBpe­
eTO H8 npOBO~OCTHT9 BO~ no
Ha 'l'OBSpHTe npoMaHa H8 ;nlil8I'OH811HitT9 ;nHTe, KORTO ce oTpaSllBaT a;ltHTHBHO B~pxyM8TP:lill:tKTe licO') C'£I'JI. (2.13).
elleMeHTH HS B'h8nOBSTa ~MHT8BCHS MElTP~ HS npBeaTS nocne;nOB8TenROC 1'y1t H nO-H~o1lY ~eKOfiT ($:: 0, 1, 2 ce R3IIJCKS.
RO.Il'l'O Ha (m.... l )-a HHT9pean B'hB speMeTO e paBHS BS ~1)m+ 1 • J[HpeR: 5. Ha'6asaTs Ba pemeHBeTo Ba nOToKopBsnpe;neneHReTo (4.10) ce on­
BOTO onpe~enHBe sa B'hSlIOBHT9 H8npeJlteHmB Ha npaSSTS noone~OBSTeJIHOCT peneJIflT "ROHCTsHT"-BeRTOpitTe flsK -n01IBJCBTe Q(~) H BS L-nOJIDCHTe ~)
l\'1)m. C H3l!CK_~ HS BCelO! HHTepBsn B'hB Bp8MeTo ltEI ce onpe~e­
(4.9) sa BceKH (Hsnp. (m+ 1 )-a) HHT9peaJI B'hB BpeMeTo Ha eneKTPOMeXSHKCIlllDt
1
JlIl odpa'l'HSTS MSTPH~ ,1)m+l B eJmMHHaTRSHS iPOpMB. xoeTO e CB'DpSa­ npexOneH npo~ec. C'DUJ,B:Te ce npReMST KOHCTaH'l'HlI B P!'IMRBTe lia e;nER mlTep-­
HO 9'hC SHa~l!TeneH pasxo~ HS KOMnIDT'hPHO BpeMe. no~ TOBa e npli1l0ZeH Ball. IIPH TOBa sa CXeMHTe HS odpaTHSTa it HY1I9BSTS nocne;nQBaTeJIHOCTH
no,wt:o,llllm. HTepBURoaeH MeTo~, npH KoiiTO TOBapBTe ce 8~SBaT 'C nOCTORH­
npoBO~OCTB npOBO~OCTKTe (;noaBap~~­
(j(~) R 'e) os HYJIeSB BeKTopK. OKOH'Ul'l'enRO (3.13) oe sanSBS B'hB Im)l;a
HH V
TO

' pBBHl!. aa OT HSXO;nHlDt (4.11) 1Jtn.1 ;;~l-Hrm.1'

6es .IIBHO no;npel!l,l\SHe HB yp8BHeHMTa cnopen K - H L -THIIOBeTe nOBpe~.
HmB) pelItHM. ToraBa

(4.10) 'I I~tl) '" V E + (VTO -YT,m. 1) ,j.i). 6. ~SB'hpmBa ce qaCTKCIlla HHBepClDt Ha MaTpRQa'l'a H no MeTO;na HS
TyJ1)VT,~
11 1 G Gm+l
e ;nj8I'OHa1lH8TS MaTPRJlS 0'1' npOBO~OCTHTe HS TOBSpJl: Gauf3-Jordan • PsspemaBalllH penOBe (cT'hn::50Be) caK& B- HL 8. C-pe;n;oBeTe
Ta H8 (m+ 1 )-.11 KfITepBsn, l'131D101leHS Ha OssaTS HB cHCTeMST8 ;nHqJepeHnK (CT'hJI60BeTe). 3ae,ItH0 0 TOBa TYK ce Id3B~pmBa H C~OTBeT;:OTO npe06pasysa­
STS
anRo-snre6pH'qHit Yp8BHeHHS HS KOMllneKOHlDt TOBSp. a j e nopena HTe­ He He BeKTopa 10) 0'1' (4.11). lJaCTH1lliO BHBepTHpaaeTa I- -MaTPRQa ll: npe­
O~SYBaHRaT "KoHcTaaTeH" BeKTop ?O) ca He06xonaMM D -HaTaT'hK npR
paI.tHR.
4.3. HS1DlCn.IlSSH6 Ha nepHo~HTeC'hCTSBKH HS TOKoseTe K npeCMl1TaHeTO Ha TOROBeTe BK 8. B-llOlllO(;HT6 H HanpelKeHMT, HaL 8. C-llOlllOCH­
!!anpell!eHRaTS npR CJlOJItBH H~clfIIle!pH'qH>i npeX08Hlit peJlill.:MH Te.
UenTB e ~a os oupenen.llT nspl'10~HTe C'hCTBSKH Ha eneKTPwqecKHTe 7. M3B'l>pmBa ce 'tJ:aCTKtrna mIBepCHSl: Ha MaTIlImaT5 H no MeTO;nS ,HS

il
 III!!'!I"'-:

- 21 ­
(4.22) til): y-l Y E
G G•
- 20­
Ha (j+l )-'1'8 RTepaqzg ce R3B'bpmB8T CK8,I(RH~8 ;n;8IcTerur:
GoL6.brdon • PaspemaB81ltB' pe;n;OBe (C'l'I>1I60Be) cSK a. p- illa. 5 -pe;n;OseTe
1. Onp8.u;eMT ce HanpElJlteHlL'lTa S CX8MaTa no.u; B~3;u.8i!cTBRB C8MO HS
(CT~A60BeTe). 3a8~0 C Toes TJK C8 il3e~pms8 K C~OTBeTHOTO np801pa­ e.;n;.H. HS reaepupamHT8 R3TOtJHRUl{ R Ha KOMneHcHpBmHT8 8.;n;.8. HS T08S­
SyBaR8 H8 BeRTOpa ~O) • ~CTlt'mO HHBepTBpaHST8 H -MBTpJilW) lJ np801pa­
pa, T.e.,
sye8HEKT "ROHCT8HTeH" S8KTOP ~O) C8 H806xo~ nO-H8T8~K npR npe­
(4.23) U:j.l)~y-l [YGEG+CYTO• Yi~'
CMIlT8H8TO H8 TOKoeeT8 J S8 R.C. 0'1' p-THil KJ lT sa npelt~CB8H:wrTS 0'1' TyK U~) e B8KTOpbT HS 8BaplililHRT8 lt8npellt8aM Ha TOBapa. cnpaMo
K
p -THIl II H8 H8npeEeHEKTS U
KT
sa R.C. 0'1' s-TJ4I1 R U L ss npeR'l>CBSHWITS
KORTO C8 RStJHCJI.liBaT KOMn8HCHpamRT8 e.;n;.H. Ha TOBapa.
OTS -TJ4I1. 2. Ha 6aS8TS Ha HsnpelKBHWlTa U(j+1) ce l'IS1D'ICJlllBa TOKopssnpe;n;e­
8. 1,OOJlMRP8 C8 B8ltTOP OT alIeM8HTRT8 HS ;I!lI8rOH81I8 Ha ,1Utsroaamrs­
n8HzeTO B exeMaT8 Z ca onpe;u.8JI.1i [(k+ I)x 1) - KOHCT8HT-B8ltTOpbT .
MaTp~ 1(0')
T8 • c'L;Il.'i>plIt8ll1 Roa1)mlH8HTHTe Ha z.na8mrRT8 pas;n;emJT8JIHR
TpaHcqxJpM8TOPR. CB'l?PSB8unt BXO;u.OB8T8 H8 MHoronomCHJntl!T8 HS nOBpaWl­
rX?J1) ,C'l>CTMIlI C8 OT (k x l ) - nO;n;seKTOpa
...to)
O<°Lo + 1 ) H ( I xl)
- nO;n;eeKTOpa J'l(' 1 )
T8 ~ TpRTa nOCJI8;n;OB8TallHOC'l'R. l!PB TOBa C8 !llop.mpa C8MO \1) • nORa- 3. HS't[I'IC.MB~+ ce BeKTOpbT 10.1), C~'l>p:i!lBm nO;n;B8KTopHTe J~j + 1 )
Ea 1(:!).: '1 ' a '0)" J( (1r e eAIo1HW~Ha1a Marplo1Lta). 11: UU+l). '
9. <IIopmp8 C8 paSnmpeH8T8 CX8M8 H8 npaBaT8 nOC1I8;n;OBST8mrocT
4. wOPMRP8 ce BeKTopbT Ha KOMnBHCHpamRT8 TbKOBe j(~.l) ,KOl'I­
68S .a:BHO npeno)tp8l1\;I1.BH8 "ceB8po-sana.n" - "lOI'O-iI3TOK" HaK - H L -nOB­ TO ce npRJIarST K'l>M B'bSID'IT8, o':rpallll:amH nOBpe;u.eHRTe elIaMeHTH. R8KTO
pe,1UtT8 H 6es n0JIY'q8BaH8 Ha MaTpB.'UBTa leq B .a:e8H ean. lIo SHanorWI C
ClIe;n;Ba:
(2.22) .no TeOpeM8T8 H8TheYenin -Norton ce n0JIY'q8B8 (4.24) jif:l) = M~ e e (Aellt
1). f3 Y ~i .;it1) ).
(4.19) "1\1)= (",<1) + Hee/ f,~ TyK Me 8 (nex N ) - MBTp:llUaTS Ha CB'bpSBSHeTo OT Bz.nS "B'l>SJIlI:­
4.4. i1T8paDl'!0H8H M8To;n; ss OTtlJl[T8H8 H8 H8mJRai':HOCTlitre HS B'l>SJIlI:". MSTpHUSTa Me ce C'l>CTOR 0'1' e,I(ilRlI'lR8 (n e x n e) - no,nuaTpHUS
TosapRTe B CXeM8TS HS npBe8Ts nOCn8!OBaremrO cT npR no OTHom8HHe Ha 8'l>SJIlI:Te, orp8l1ll:SmR noapa;n;8HRT8 8neM8HTR R OT ayneBs
HS1D'ICMsaH8 HS c.nOZHH H8CHMe'l'pHt!IiH nOBpeJ!.! [nil' x (N-.n e )] - nO;n;MaTpJilW) no OTHOmeHH8 HS OCTaHaJIll:Te B'l>SJIlI: B CX8­
MaT8.
IIpKJI8rss8TO H8 Yp8BH. (4.9) Oil H8nODno ;II.8 C8 npe»:s1D'IC.MSS H8

BC.I!Ka C~nKa XHOpMHST8 MaTpilIU:l ,,\1)m. 1 OT Yp8BH. (4.11). TSK'l>e

5. Onpe;n;8JI.liT C8 SB8pR~HTe HsnpelK8HM J~+l) C nOMomTa HS

(4.21) •
no;n;xo;u. 6H ORJI Kpa:lmo He$KTRB8H B lIS1D'ICID'IT8JI8H scn8KT. 1I0pa;n;R Toes

8 ueneC'l>odpaSHO ;u.8 C8 lI3nonslBs RT8paUHOHHST8 npoue~(4.10), KG­

6. IIpoBepaBa C8. ;Il.8JIH a ;n;OCTRrHSTS He06xo;n;HMBT8 TO'iHOCT no ss­

.a:TO n03BO.MB8 MaTpZUBTS H;I1.8 OCTSB8 nOCTQgHH8 npes BpeMeTO H8 ;n;a;u.eH~

np8lKeHRe sa npaBaT8 nOCJIe;n;OB8TenHOCT. AKo TOtJHOCTT8 8 ;n;OCTl'IrH8T8 C8
npeMHHSBS K'bM T. ? B npOTRBeH cJIY'!al i: =j+ 1 B. C8 npeMmISBa K'l>M
KOHKp8THS KOM~a~ 0'1' eJI8KTp~eCK» noepe;n;H.
B 0::S1ltB'.l! cJIY'q8R. KoraTO H8 (m. 1 )-.a: mlTepsaJI B'l>B BpeM8TO Ha lI3­ T. 1.

1D'ICn8HK8TO HB eneKTpoM8XSHlI'JHWI npexO;n;8H npouec HMB k HS 0p01a Hsnp8tJ­ ? HaME.paT ca JI(CO') l'I ULCer) sa (f;: 0, 2. ABapmHTe HanpelK8HRH
a sa 0- K 2-cbcTaBKzTe C8 ;n;SBaT C litspasa
HK nOBpe,1Ut R I HS 6pofi HMJI'DJItl!»: nOBpe;n;H 1I:Tapal.l,lil01ffiaTS npouem 1 ­
{4.25) UF(O')= Y(er)JF(d).
(4.10) ;n;06HS8 sana 8. IIpexo;n; ~M CJIe;u.B8IUHH RS't[I'ICJIlI:T8JIea HHTepBaJI B~B BpeM8To as
(4.21) ~l) ';!i~l: YG·l(j (Y,o- ',m.l)U(~:m.l + m.l
,CH)F. eJIertTpOMeXaHlfImM np8xo;n;ea npo~ec.
RID'I CJI8;n; KsnycKSHe as mm8KclITe (1) R (m + 1 )

(4.21s) ,Iii;:.')", YG EG+( Y·n:r'T)tli~.;¥.

4.5. HHROH aCn8KTl! HS HStJHCMBaa8TO H8 arreplitO~aTa C'bCTaBKa
TyK'F 8 (N x l ) _ KOMlleHclIpall\Rl1T TOKOB BeRTop, KOnTO Tpa18a Ha TOKOB8Te l'l Hanpelll8SKJ'tTa npR CJIOlKHR noapeJr:
;n;8 C8 npKiIolltH K'bM 8~SJIlI:T8 Ha cxeMaT8 OT .n.08BaPHilHM peliiHM e u8n ~a l'isBeGTHO e. -q8 an8pHo,I(H'<rHKT8 C'l>CTaBKl'I aa eJIe}u'PJr<! 'CKKT8 BBn:Jif'1l!­
oe n01lYqH TOlwpssnpe;n;8JIe'flKe B CXeM8.Ta, K08TO c~oTBeTcTByea Ha anapH;;­
HZ OKa8BaT He3HatmT8mro BJJmlHK8 B'bp.xy eJI8KTpOM8X8HlfImY8 npexo;u.H:3
HM pelitMM. npOU8CH liC8 npeae::lp8rB8T llpH npaRTlfCIeCKHTe HS't[I'IClIeHIDI. B C'bIllOTO ap8Me
VlTepaUl{OHHMT npouec Ha (m. 1 )-Ta cnnK8 B'l>B BpeM8TO oe cTap-
nepliO,lUrnll'lTe C~CTaBRH SaBHC.I!T C8\tO OT xapaRTepa Ha npo ~:lfli8H8 Ha eneK­
TZpa (; onpe.u;e.MHeTO Ha Hanpe~8H'W{T8 B ~x8MaT8, nonyq8H'H caMO no.I\
Bbs.u;ev,(;TBRe HS a • .u;.H. us reHepMP81\l:l'lTa M:STO'iH'HI.l,liI, T.8.
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- 22 - - 23 ­
KHOH Ha MpelK8Ta C~OTBeTHO B MOMeaTa np9~ H ClIe~ KOM:yTaUMTa. TO B
TPOMexaH~EK npeXO~eH npo~ec.
Tor8e8 aeXOMOreHH8T8 CRCTeMB nHHeHHH ~~peHUH8nHH ypaeHeHHH. paMKHT9 Ha e~HH nepHO~ OT OCHOBHaTa 'leCTOTa (50Hz) ce TLpCH MaK-
OnHCe8ma eneKTPOMBrHHTHHTe npeXO~H npO~eCH H8 eHeKTPH'leCK8T8 MPeza. CHMYM'bT .­
(4.31) ia(O+)max=maxlia (0 -) ....'(21 sin(cJt- ~ ) -\[21 sin(c.J t .... 4I) I •
RD0!8 cne~Kfl ez;n
(4.26) e(t)::Rt(t) ... ld~ j(t) .

lUIH CHe~ npHeell\n8He H8 (4.26) e aOpMBnH8 'flopMB H8 Cauchy :

EKCTpeM:yMHTe Ha ~KURffTa (4.31) HaCTLnBaT B MOM9HTHTe OT Bpe­

(4.26~) d1 j(t)::A itt) ... B (t).
MeTO
llpH c~CTaBRHeTO H8 (4.26) C8 npHe~H cHe~HTe onpocTRe8ma ~onyc­
t = 1... (arctg 1coslf -1 cos (p "!k") , k=0,'.2 ...
KaHEK: npeHe6pere8T ce K8n8UHTHeHHTe npoeO]tHMOCTliI e MpEllK8T8; npeHe­ W I sin Lp - T sin ~
6perB8 ce H8cHIIl8HeTo. T.e. MBTPMmBT8 A::-t"' R ce npHeMB C nOCTOIIHHH

TIPH MaKCHManHa Ha'l8nHa CTOHHOCT ia(O.) B ~a~eH KOHxp9TeH KlIOH

Koe~eHTliI. llpH TOB8 BC~H KOpeHK H8 xapaRTepHCTH'lHOTO yp8BHeHHe Ha EEC Ha'l8nHHTe CTOllHOCTH H8 anepHO~HTe C~CTaBKH B OCTaHaJmTe
H8 CHCTeMBT8 (4.26) C8 OTPMmBTenHK pe8nHH ~cna. KlIOHOBe - eHeMeHTK Ha BeKTOpa ia (0.) • ca TO'IHO ¢HKCRpaHH H e 0611lW'I
06nlOTO pemeHl'1e HS (4.26) KM8 BH,ll!l c~a;:;' He ca MaKCHManHHTe.
(4.27) itt) = I n(t)+idt ).
C~cTaBK8TS in(t) e npHHY~eH8 H npe~CT8BJJRB8 e,nHH 'l8CTeH mITer-­ HSBOAA
p8n H8 HexoMoreHHST8 CHCTeMB (4.260) npH H8'l8nHO ycnoBHe io=in~ 1. Hs6paHH ca no~o,nfIIItH MaTeMaTH'lHH Mo~eJm Ha elIeMeaTHTe Ha ZEC
'a
AnepKo,ll.H'lH8T8 C~CT8eKa (t) npe~cT8BJJRB8 n~nHEK mITerpan H8 sa H3'lHCJlf.!BaHe Ha aeCKMeTPIAHK npexo~H pelKHMH.
XOM0r9HH8TS CHCTeMS 2. l\s6paa e e¢eKTHBeH c~BpeMeH9H MeTO~ S8 pemaBaHe Ha CHCTeMBTa
(4.28) f i{tl "Ai (t)
npH H8'l8iao ycnoeHe 10:: '0(0+) l'1 npH HYHeBK B~s~elicTBKfl.
~¢epeH~alIHO-aJIre6pH'lHH ypaBHeHHa. onHcea~ eneKTPoMeXaHH'lHKR npe­
xo~eH nponee. KoliTO BnOCJI9~CTBHe 9 Brpa~eH B ~lIOCTHKH MeTO~ sa TO'l­
UepHo
nH'lKST8 C~CTSBR8 In(t) ce orrpe~eJJR C ~OCT8T~'lH8 S8 npaKTliI­ HO onpe~enHHe H8 nepHO~HTe C'bCTaBKK Ha TOKOB9Te H HanpelKeHHHTa
KaTS TO'lHOCT C nOMOmT8 H8 KB8SHCT8UHOH8pHRa noAXo~ (H8np. yp8BH.
npH cnOlKHH nOBpe~.
(2.1) HnK eKBHB8neHTHOTO MY ypaBH. (4.21). C 0T'lET8He HS KBn8UHTHB­ 3. :I8npaBeHo 9 o60::ill\eHHe H8 CHCTeMaTHSRp8HHH no.n;xo~ sa HS'DICJJR­
HHTe npoeo~MocTH HS eneKTPonpoBo~T9.
BaH9 Ha cnOXHH HeCHMeTpH'lHH nOBpe~. HsnOlKeH B'bB II rlI8ea H aa MeTO­
U~)[HKlIT mlTerpaH HS (4.28) HM8 ez;nB
~a sa e~KTHBHO B~Bell\naHe Ha npoMeHH npK eneKTpH'leCKH nOBpe~. Hsno­

(4.29) ia(t) =exp(At) ia(O ... ).

~eH BIll rlI8Ba. HanpaBeHoTo 0006meH~B H ooe~pSB8He Ha TeSH ~ea M9­
H8'l8)[HHTe CTOnHOCTHia(O ... ) H8 snepHonH'lK HTe C~CT8BKH B MOMeHT8
To.n,a nOSBOnHBa SHa'lHTeJIHO ~ ce C~KpaTRT RS'DICJm~e)[HHTe onepaUHR.
cne~ KOMYTSUBHT8 S8 RL -eepHrH ce onpe~eJJRT C HSpaS8
4. Paspa60TeHa e HTepa~oHHa npo~e~a sa OT'lHTaHe ~a HelBHe~­
(4.~0) ia (O+)::i n (O-)+la(O- )-In(O+).
HOCTHTe Ha TOBapHTe B CXeMaTa Ha npaBaTa nocne~oeaTeKdOCT npK cnO~HH
llPH onpe~enHHe H8 nepRo~HKT9 C~CT8BKH e~e epeMeTo H8 eneKTPO-
HeCMMeTpv.QHH nOBpe,D,K.
MexaHH'lHHH npexo~eH nponec C nOMomT8 H8 KB8sKcTaUHoH8pHKfl no~o~ e
5. ilpe.n,cTaBeHa e ~eH sa weTO.n, aa onpoCTeHa o~eHKa Ha MaKCKMan­
H8li-y~oOHo ~ ce paOOTH B cKMeTPgqHK 012-c~cTaBKH. UpH onpe~enaHe
HHTe ·anepHo~H C~TaBKH B OT.n,enHHTe KnOHOBe Ha MpeEaTa npH cnOEHH
Ha anepKo~<mHT9 TOKOBe e Hai1-y~o6110 ~ ce pa60TR C HeCmleTP~H.
nOBpe.n,l'J.
Hanp • .LBO -C'bCTaBKH. llETA rJIABA
Hali-'leCTO HHT8p9C npe~CTaBJJRBaT cny-qaHTe. KoraTO anepH~aTa Trn!;]IO:L'M ACIIEKTl1 HA OTIPE,Il.FJI.HHETO HA FJIEKTPWffiCKl1..'E BEJIWll1Hl.f
C~CTaBKa Ha TOKa B MHCTOTO Ha eneKTPH'leCKaTa nOBpe~a HnH B HRKOa IIPl1 HECW:iETPWllM IIPEXOmm PKM;M
~r KnOH Ha eneKTPH'leCKaTa BepKra e MaKcHMS)[Ha. Cne~oBaTenHO ~ene­ 5.1. IIpl'IJIOJKeHH9 H8 Vl9ToAATe sa HS'lHCJIlIeaHe Ha HE HMeTPH'lHl'I
C'b06paSHO e sa BceKH KnOH OT MpelKBTa ~a ce onpe~eJm MaKeHManHaT~ Ha-
'l8J!W1 CTofutOCT Ha anepHOIJ,R'rnaTa MY c~eTaBI\8. AKo e i "I e j19
npexo~m~ peroNYI npR nepeneRTHBHOTO npOeKTlIJ He Ha
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MpeJ:mTe BUCOKO HanpelKeHH9

j' e jt» ce oToenelKBT KOMrIneKCHHTe e1ieKTuBHH CTO~:aOCTH Ha TQ[{a B ~a~eH
ilpl'l nepeneKTHBHOTO np09KT.3paHe Ha MpelltHTe BHeOKO HanpelKeHHe

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Oops HSOCHOBHSTS MpeEa R HS MepOnpWiTWiTS. 1(OlITO nOB}llll8SST npolI1CR­ H 1IAA cs Mo;rtemtpa'1' B n: ,;..
ISTexasTS !cnOC06ROCT. ITpR TOSS ~e SS Ral-~sxe~litTe eTSnK HS npo­ If '"
rpawTea<i HS'qHCJIIlBaHe 300 (C dt _ C~·2 )ORST cdt i RST
eRTKP8HeTo (15 _ 20 r.) 'l'pS6BS ~ ce ~~pzR CMeTRS ss cpe~cTssTS H Me­
ponpWiTWiTS. ROHTO nOSmIlaBST YCTOtcmSOCTTS H8 EEC. BKJI. P3 J![ ITAA.
HS ,ll;lmaMlI'nIa'1'B YCTom·
BOOTC nOMOm'1'S Ha TpH
­ 600 Of' 2 •
-C' URST C a'f'IRST
TIOp8~ nHnCSTS as np8KruqeCR8 S~SMO~OCT. nOHSCTOHmeM He ce nps­ HHqoPMaW![OHBPI MaCRS8 ­
egT Hs~cneHWi HS ~SMH1HSTS YCToiqaSOCT nplit lit8RmoqS8He HS e~8 litnm ~)! ;"
MaCKe HaYCJIOeHli'1'a. !!!: ­ 600 (c"f· 1_ t4~ U (c;d _ ~+1) i
~se ~Slit HS ~eH eneKTPOnpOBO~. R8RTO lit apR e~OBpeMeRHOTO B~SHHKBa­ MO~
CKB Hse~s8e~C'1'BHliTa il tlHPaHa
He HS HeClitMe'1'pH'tHlit CtqIII9HWi B p8S:n::nHK MeCTS HS EEC. T. e. npR CJIOZlilit MaCHS Ha ynpaSJIeHHH'1'S.
900 (COi+1_ COf'2) ~ST
Cf. •
nOBpe~. Mac:aB~T HaYCJIOBWi'1'a C fiRST
Paspa~O'1'eHWiT B ~cep'1'sURi'1'S MeTO~ SS HS'qHCJlltBSHe HS HeCHMe'l'pwq- OTpa~ea;rteftcTeKeTO HS
Hlit npeXO~H peEHMR paSmupgBS OdxBSTS HS eJIeK~eCRR'1'e nOBpe~ K '1'ex­ H3n~nHRT9xaRTe oprSHK. 1200 (edf,1 - cdr~URST (Cof - c.dr; i RST
Hlit'1'9 c~~eTaHHH. KOlit'1'O MorST ~S ce lit8C~e~saT. TOBS n08BOJlltBS ~ ce lIS­ T. e. 1Ipes Hero ,ce 3S- '

'llHCJlItBS np8SR1IH0 ~aMWlHaTS YCTOit'mBOCT npR TSRRas CMYllleHHH.KSTO e~­ ;rtaSaT KOMyTa~OHHRTe

H$3RO AIlB (EAIIB). R8CttaroIO HSKmoqBSHe HS R.C •• 0TR83 HS e~s RD litSMSaeHIDr a EEC. ,KORTO TPtdea ~ cs Jl3B~pmeST npH ROHKpe'l'HO C'I>~e­

~se ~SlIHS npe~CBSq C nocne~Bsmo ~eiCTBlite HS YCTPOiCTBQTO SS pesep­ TaBaHe HS BXO~J![Te s'I>S~eAC'1'ami (cHI'Hsnm). MaCRB'I>T 'HS ynpaBJIeHHliTa

aHpSHe HS OTKS3S HS npeK'I>CBS~ (YFOIT) l'1 )!;p. TIp1! TOBS cnell. BCSlKS Ko­ OC'I>meCTBfIBS .IlorwqecRilTe Bp'I>SRR Mel\ItY MSCHea HS YCJIOSWI'1'a H MaCRSa

MY'1'suea SBTOM8~O ce npeHS'llHCJlItSST Ro~eHTBTe HS Hec01cTBeHHTe Ha a'l>S~enC'1'BWITa. 3a npaBRKHOTO Mo~enRpaHe HS ~enCTBReTO Ha P3 H

ypBBHeKBR Ha npaBaTS nOCJIe~OasTexaoCT (a ~C'l'HOCT Ha myHTS HS R.C.). TIAA e Heo6.xOlJ,!MO ~ d'L,II.e C'bS;rta,neH nOMomeH MaCRe. c'L,II.'I>plUIm xapsKTe­

1(oe'1'O nOHSCTogme~ e npaRTzqeCRR Heoc~meCTBHMO. PKCTRKR'1'e Ha 3apa10TsaHe K a'l>SBp'I>~He as peJIeTS'1'S (MaCHe Ha xspaK­

5.2. UpHJIOllteHRe HS MeTo,Il.!Te as lit31DiCJIIlaSHe HS aeC}lMe'l']?lrnilit TepHCTHKHTe). ROHTO ~a ;rtOn~nBa MaCRBa Ha YCJIOBHli'1'a.

npexo,!U!K peEHMR 3S WlJ,!Te HS pBnefuuiTe S8nptTB lit
npoTBB08SSpKfiHsT8 SBTOMSTlitRS
Psspa60TBHWiT a ~cepTs~Ts MBTOA sa HS'llHCJIIlSaHB HSHeCHMe~­
HH npeXO~l'1 pelD1JllZ nOSBOJlltsa Jl,8 CB HS1DiCJlltBaT cKMe'l'pIDl!iHTe H ~SHlit
~~C;SB:aa:as TORoseT, 'Z. HsnpelEeHWiTS (i o' i 1 • t2 • iR • 15 • iT' UO ' UI
UR.uS,u~rrc :.ca~B HS1!E! CTSBS a'l>3MOEHO ~ ce onp~eJIllT il He06xo,llmllHTe
3S MOll.enapaHeTo HS ~CTSHUHoHBHTe H nOCO~H'1'e oprsHH HS P3 lit ITAA C1>­
O'l'HOmeHWi M~ Hsnpelll:eHHHT8 H '1'OKOB9Te.
AKo c~c crf ce oTdeJlelll:K C~OTBe'l'H8TS ~38 HS '1'p1!ila saam CHeT9Ma
(apR TOBS d =0 ss iPaSS R • df 1 - ~S8 5 . O'f 2 - ~3a T ). a C
= =
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(paSMBCTBaHHH'1'a). OCHOBHHTe KOMdHHSIl,1UI M9mnY Hsnp9lEeHHHTa H TOKoeeTe.
ROHTO ce nO~BST HS BXO~ HS nycKosHTe H RSMepBBTemRRT9 OprSHl'1 HS'PS
H IIIlA npR pa3~R cxeMK HS CB'I>p3BSHe HS peneTaTs RMST B~. nOKS3aa
B TsdJI. 1. K'L,II.eTO • , t· [ ]\
~ST =[uR Us 0Tl I ~ 1R 15 IT • m8
C~mecTBysa'1' H ~rH KOM1HHSwm OT eneKTp]i{qeCKH Be~lit. KOHTO
ce nO~BaT Ha BXO~ a8 nyCKOBRT9 H H3MepaSTSnHHTe opr8HH HS P3 R TIAA.
HO a nOBe~e'1'O c~qaH Te ce CBelll,T(8'1' ~o noco~eHKTe B '1'a1JI. 1.
5.3. TIaReT npiIlIOll!HK nporpaw 3a R3'lll:CJIIlBaHe H8 Jl!Ha~a'1'8
YCTOfiq:aBoc'1' Ha eJIeKTpoeHeprRfiHa'1's CHCTeMa npR CJIOEHlit
HeCINeTpzqRH noape,Il.!
He 1asaTa HS pasp860TeRWI S ~cep'1'aURHTa odo6mea MeTO~ sa KS­
'lll:CJIIleSH9 as CJIOll!HH eJIeKTpwqecKH nOBpe~ e paSpa60TBH n8K9T npRJIO~­
HlI: npOI'paMH ss EiiM. H8penaFMJNIT • IIporp8MKTe nOSBOJIltS8'1' ~ ce H3­
1DiCJIliBaT ~o 32 e,lJ.HOBpeMeRBK (B TOBS 'DilCllO R HeCRMBTpzqRR) eJIeK'l'pR­
~eCKH nOBpe~. IIoHac'1'oameM nporp8Ma'1'a FMONIT e 06B'I>pSSHa mitPopMa­
ltHOHHO Ii aJU'opHTMll:'mO C BHe.lq)9HHH B HamaTa CTpaHa C'bBeTCRR KOMIIJIeKC
no YCTOfiq:aBOCT KYCT-BHl1:M3. TIpPI Toea 01S'I>pSBaHB ce HaJIOO HH(POpMBrm:­
OHHaT8,6aas Ha KOMnlleKCS KYCT ~ ~e ;rtOTI'bJIHeHa C nSpSMeTpK'1'e HS cxe·
MIITe Ha o1ps'1'HaTa PI ayJIeeaTa nOCJIe~OBaTenHOCTH R C paBmRpeH CnHC'I>R
aa KOMYTa~Te B MaCKBa H8 B'I>S~B~CTBHHTS. OcseR TOBa PI'1'eparm:oHHHHT
MeTO~ Ha KOMneHcgpamH'1'e e.~.H •• a~snpReT s KOMDX6KCa KYCT. deme C~
~eTaH cnonyqnRso C p8apa10TeHBTa B lJ,!Cep'1'BnHHTB R'1'epaUHoHHs npo~e­
sa Onpe~BJtliRe HS 9JIeKTpwqeCRHTe BeJIlfCmIDI e MeCTST1: HB TIospelUi­
Te rrp~ OT1DiTBae Ha HeJIHHenHBH xapaKTep aa TosspHTe.
B peaYJIT8T Ha 01B'I>p3BaHeTo HS ap0rp8MBT8 FMONIT C ;.OMllJIeIWa

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~i T(oop,11HHa'l'lII (UR, Us 'U T ) B 6JIltSOCT ,no IIoJlcTaImHII CCCP HMST BHJla
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UR = Us = U T
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Kill napaMeTPlil Ha OplU'HHaJIHM KOMUneKC KYCT.
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e,llHOBpeMeHHIIITe eneKTP~ecKH nOBpe,llR e 32. RSBOAl!
IIpOrp8MRWiT KOMUJIeKC KUNSF 6e TeCTB8H MHoroIql8T1!o.
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B'bSena, 375 KnOHa, 68 reHepa TOpa. KOM;yT8nzoHHHTe HSMeHeHWl ca KaKTO
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2. IIpe,n;no~eH e npHH~eH no,n;xo,n; sa Mo,n;eJIHpaHe H8 ,n;e~cTBHeTo Ha
eneKTPonpoBo,n8 750 kV "IIo,11cT8HUWi CCCP - no,ncTaHu;Hli CPP": 0,1805 -
P3 H IlAA B'bB BpeMeTo Ha eneKTpoMexaH~HH npeXO,llHH npouecH. C~T
EAIlB H8 eJIeKTpOnpoBo,n8 750 kV "IIo,ncTaHu;Hli CCCP - nO,11CTaHUWi cppn;
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1,1805 _ nOBTopHO BKJIlD~BaHe Ha npeK~cHaTaTa ~sa Ha eneKTpOnpoBo,na
RaTO ce lilsnonsYBaT pesynTaTlilTe OT HS~CnHBaHeTO Ha HeCHMeTplilqRHTe
"IIo,ncTaHu;Hli CCCP - no,ncTaHnaa CYP' lil nOBTopH8 nORsa Ha e,11Ho!flaSHOTO
npexO,ItHH npouecH C nOMOmTa Ha paspa~oTeHHR B .ItlilcepTa~Ta MeTO,n;.
seMRO c~e,IJ;lilHeHHe B' cpe,naTa Ha eneKTPonpoBo,na; 1,260 5 - TPH!flaSHO IIIS­
3. Paspa60TeH e naKeT npHnollrulil npoI'p8MH FMONIT 3a HS~CJIfIBaHe
KJIlD~BaHe Ha eneKTponpoBo,na "IIo,ncTaHu;Hli CCCP - nO,11CTaHu;Hli CPP"; 4,00( Ha eneKTPHqeclntTe BeJIlftlHHH npH CnOlRHH CHMeTp~H H HecHMeTp~H no­
5 - Kpali Ha HS1UIcneHlileTo. spe,ItH.
CxeMaTa Ha MpeXBT8 B 6JIHSOCT ,no KOMYTaUHoHHlilTe lilsMeHeHHR HMa
B~ ~ I
4. C~s,n;alleH e nporpaMeH KOMUneKC KUNSF sa HS~CJIfIBaHe Ha ,ItIDla­

.. II1II i ;I.
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~; ~m'lHaTa YCTo:iq;.iBOCT npH CJIOlKHlil nOBpe,Itlil Ha dasaTs Ha paspa~OTeHKa na­
K9T npHJIOAH1I npoI'p8~m FMONIT H Ha C'bBeTCKHR KOMIlneKC no YCToiftmBOCT
n/c "}l,06py,I1lK8" n/c CPP ~ n/c CCCP
:::,'C'l'. C~mRfIT e B rrpoU9c Ha BHe,nptlB8He B IlHI1IIl1EC o'EHepronpoeKT", a
. ];.O,IG'JmTe HB e1>eKTRBHHTe cToiiHOCTH Ha HeHopMRpBHHTe clilMeTP~HH
o<!a?:sarmHT rO,IUllIleH HKOHOMlrqeCKH et,eKT B'bSlmSa Ha 155 000 nB.
C'bCTaBKH Ha TOKa (1 , 1, ,1 ) no eneKTpOnpoBo.na 750 kV "IIo.llcTaHl..(Wi
0 2
CCCP _ no,n;cTaHnwI CpP", HSXO.1l.fiDl OT IIo,11cTaHUWi CCCP HMST B:wI8 3A¥JI:J'IE; iRE

[KA] OC;o8HH:O pe3yn-:-aT:I OT llHcepT8~oHHaTa pa10Ta (;~:

1. FaspajoTeH e ;;HCTeMaTlitSHpaH ~,leTO,n; sa HS'IHCJIR: 3He Ha eneK7pH­
'D~.:H':O se;!;:q:::i;I rrpJI cnOSHH nOBpG.ItH Ha ~asaTa Ha Me~ ,Ita C pasumpeHl!­
1,-1 ~12
:G eXe:.:'! Ea rrpasaTa nocnellOBaTelrHOCT. J.1sBe,n;eHH oa aE JIHTH'lHH HSpaS1I
2
1,2 3; ,b~:a'3;:rrie ;;8 paSlilxpeH:rre cxe~m Ha rrpaBaTa nocne,n;c aTenHOCT npH
1
0 ::::o::suo:c,;:r :-:0 ,n:,n 11 :,liiCTO H9CH:,leTplNHH noape,mr. CHMa p~HTe nOBpellI!
0,8 , :;;:::8S:':::: ~:b~:! :r 3e:.::-I;1 c;~ellK'r!eHHJ:r H 1'p;tf,8SHH 1!3KJro~BrHHR) ce OT"mTaT
";":"03 ::;:S;::De!l~:~"e:I"a peJY:':l!;iUI. HsseneHHTe USpaSH nOSBO;i.iIB8T ,n;a [;e 0':'­
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'iHTaT npeXO,IJ;IU'lT9 C'bnpOTHBJl9HIDI S M9CTaTa Ha nOBp9,llHT9. B peayJlTaT
OT HS~CJl9HH9TO C9 nonyqaBaT TOKOSeT9 Z Hanp9M9HIDITa"S'bB BCzqKR
en9MHTR aa MpeEaTa B cxeMRT9 Ha HYJl9SaT8, npaBaTa R o6paTHaTa no­
cne~OBaTenHOCTR, p9cn. B TpRTe ¢aSR Ha en9KTpoeHepr»tHaTa CHCTeMS.
2. PaSp8~Tea e MeTO~ sa e~KTHsao S'bS~He aa yse~SamHTe
paara Ha CRCTeMSTa S'bsnOSZ npOMeHH npz RS~CJIaSaHe Ha e~ospeMeHHR
en9KTpzqeCKR nospe;n::H. l,;eTo;n.'bT nOSSOMsa ~ ce :ll:a~CJIaSaT eneKTpR­
~eCKKTe se~R npR npOZSSOnHZ no snn H ~CTO nOBpe;n::H (SKn. K'bCR
C'be~eHug,B TIpOHSSOnHZ MeCTa no ~JlXHHaTS Ha eneKTpOnpOSO;n::HTB Z
aen'bnHQ¢aaHR RSKmoqsaHRn), 6es ~ ce HSS'bpmsaT cTpYKT,YPHo-napaM&­
TP~H npOMeHK B'bS S'bSnOSHTe a~MRTaHCHZ MSTpZ~ Ha MpemSTa. Hanpa­
BeHO e 0006uleHRe Ha TOSR MeTO~ sa cnyqa.a:, KoraTO ~CT OT eneMeHTZ­
Te Ha MpeEaTS He npZTeJKaSST CSOliCTBOTO ~JDAHa cweTpIDI.
3. Hanp8BeHo e o:1e.mm$lBaHe HS MeTO~ sa :ll:S'Dl:CJIaBaHe HS cnOlKRZ
nospena Z Ha MeTO~ sa OT~TaHe Ha npoMeHz npH KOMYTa~oHHz ZSMeHe­
HIDi. Ha TSSR OCHosa e Rsrpa~eHae~8 RS~CnHTenHa npoue~.
4. Paapa:1oTeH e zTepa~oHeH MeTO~ aa O~TaHe Ha HeJlZHellHOCTH­
Te Ha TosapzTe npz CnOEaH nospe~.
5. npe~cTaseH e MeTO;n. sa npz:1JlHSHTeJlHO O~:II:TaHe H8 MaKCRManHR­
Te anepHo~ C'bCTaSKR H8 TOKoseTe s KnOHoseTe HS MpemaTa npz cnom­
HZ nospe,ItH.
6. PaSp800TeH e naKeT npKnOEHH nporpaMRFMONIT , 'IPeS KOnTO ce
onpe;n.eJIaT eneKTP~ecKzTe SeJlKqHHR S'bS ~szTe HS TpEiesHsTa CRCTeMS
npH cnOEaR nospe;n.z.
7. Ha ooaaTa Ha paapa:1oTeHRT6 nporpaMH FMONIT R Ha C'bSeTCKWi
KOMnneKC no YCTO~~SOCT KYCT-BHHR3 e C'bS~eH nporpBMeH KOMnJleKC C
Ka~eCTt19HO HOBH S'bSMOlKHOCTR, Hape~eH KUNSF • KOMIlneKC'bT KUNSF CJIYlKR
38 HS'Dl:CMsaHe HS eneKTpZ"leCKHTe SeJm1mHR S'bB ~sHTe Ha EEC npH cno]
HR - MHOrOKpSTHR Z paSSHBamH ce B'bB speMeTO Ha eneKTpOMexaH~RH np.
xo~eH npouec eneKTpmqeCKK nOspe;II.K, S T.~. Z HeCHMeTp~R. '
8. Paapa60TBHzTe MeTO;n.z Z SnrOpHTMH S ~eme ~e ce KSnOJlsysaT
npH npOeKTHp8HeTo H8 MPexaTB BRCOKO HanpgmeHHe Z npR Rs:1opa R HSC­
Tpof~aTs Ha peneWRKTe samHTH H npoTHsossspMf.~aTa aSTO~~TRKa.
f ,.
rr
~f
,l"~
:~t - 29 ­
I1YEJ.IllKAIIm1 HA ABTOPA TTI,T] BP13KA C .ImCEPTAllIDITA
'.r 1. TAI'APOD, K., II. HOTOB. J1aQH(;JIiISaHe Ha pellmMHRTe napaMeTpz HS
r TT(]J':rpo9HeprRlrnaTa CHCTeMa npH eneKTpoMBXaHR1mZT9 npexo,l(­
HH npo~ecR aa HY.~Te HS peneilHHTe aa~T.H. HayqHa ceCHE
Ha Bl.lEI1 "B. 11. }IeHmr", OKTOMBPH 1981 r.
2. TAI'APOB, K. J1S'Dl:CJIaSaHe Ha en9K'l'pOMeXaHKTnm npeXO.l(HH npOnecR
S eneKTpoeHeprHftHHTe CZCTeMH npH Ha~e Ha CnOMHH Hecz­
MeTpH'n!l'I p9lKHMH. "EHepreTHKa", ]lI 5, 1982.
3. TAI'APOB, K. MO,l(emq>aHe Ha ,l(ettcTsReTo Ha penellHll:Te salllHTR npR
RS~CJl$iBaHe Ha .l(HHaMKqHaTa YCTO~BOCT. II HaqwoHanaa
4. HayqHo-TBXH~ecKa KOH~peHUHH "EneHepro'83", BapHa, 1983.
I :, HOIDB, II., H. IDIDB, K. TAI'APOB. I1S'lHCJl$iSaHe Ha eneKTpoMexa_
II
I
.~
~ ~!
5.
H~H npeXO;II.HR nponecz npz MHOroRpaTHH eneKTpKqeCKH nOB­
pe,l(R B eJleKTpoeHeprHh~HTe CHCTeMH. ID6zn9>1Ha HayqHa ceCHa
"40 ro.IUmZ mlElf "B. H. JIeHlffi" - Co1rM, 1985 r.
TAI'AFDB, K., H. romB. J1S'mCJIHTeJlHZ npoc!neMH npH onpe,l(eJIlIHe Ha
eneKTp~ecKRTe selm'tmm: B eneKTpoeHeprn;'mHTe CHCTeW{ npz
CnOlKHl'I nOBpe.zm. LOc!l'IneiiHa l:laY'IHa ceCM "40 ro.ztmrH BJEH "B.
H. JIeHKa" - Co1nur. 1985 r.
6. TAI'APOB, K., H. roUOB. A. AIIOCTOJIOB. Mo;n.eJmpaHe Ha ,lle:ti:cTBze­
TO Ha penefilil'lTe SamKTl'I H npOTRsoasap~maTa aSTOMaTZKa npH
HS'D!CJl$iBaHe Ha eJleKTpOMexaHl'I"IHl'I npeXO;II.HR npollElCH. I06Hnet­
Ha HayqHa ceCHa "40 rO.l(HHH BMEI1 "B. H. lfeHmr" _ CotPrur,
1985 r.
7. TAI'APOB, K. j,ieTOll sa e~eKTHsHO S'bSelK,llaHe Ha yseJIK1laSaIl{lITe
paHra Ha CRCT9MaTa S'bsnosz npOMeHH npz ZS~CnRBaHe Ha e~­
HOBpeMeHHZ eneKTpHqeCKH nOBpe~H. CzMnOSHYM no aBTOMaTHsa­
~ Ha ZS~HCn9HRaTa B eneKTpoeHeprHfiHRre CZCTeM». B,yprac,
CBnTBMBpZ, 1985 r.

 - 30­
nPHnOIKEHHE n. 3
npli1MEPIi1 3A ¢lOPMIi1PAHE HA OCHOBHIi1TE MATPIi1UIi1

CXEMA

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